Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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900-CASE 3381
ANTISTATIC POLYURETHANE FOAM
This invention relates to flexible polyurethane
foams exhi~iting enhanced antistatic properties, that
is, foams which rapidly dissipate electrostatic
charges and ~xhibit a reduced tendency to accumulate
electrostatic charges. ~he flexible polyurethane
foams can be produced by reactions o~ isocyanates
with polyester polyols, polyether polyols, mixtures
of polyether and polyester polyols, or with mixtures
of polyether polyols and copoly~er polyols, ~uch as a
grafted polyether containing styrene and
acrylonitrile.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Polyurethane foams, like al.mo~t all other
~ynthetic polymeric material~, tend to ac~uire and
accumulate electrostatic charges. For many
applications it is desirable, if not essential, to
have a foam material which either does no~ acquire an
electrostatic charge, or which dissipates it rapidly.
Accumulation of electrostatic changes on all
types of polymeric materials has been a long-standing
problem, and a variety of techniques have been
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proposed to alleviate the problem. For example,
additives which migrate to the surface of the plastic
or fiber have been incorporated in the composition to
modify its electrical properties. Antistatic resins
S have been copolymerized with the base polymer in an
effort to provide improved properties. Quaternary
ammonium salts have been applied topically, iOe., by
impregnation, or incorporated directly into the
polymeric materials to provide a finished, or
semi-finished product with improved antistatic
properties. For example, U.S. Patent 3,117,113 with
a priority filing date in 1957, discloses the use,
in combination with PVC, of quaternary ammonium
compounds of the general class found useful in this
invention. U.S. Patents 3,335,123 and 3,407,187
disclose the use o~ quaternary ammonium compounds
which are physically incorporated into polyolefins,
PVC and other polymers, as by milling. None of these
patents ~uggests the introduction of the quaternary
ammonium compounds into the reaction mixture prior to
polymer ~ormation.
~olyurethane foam can be provided with antistatic
properties by one of two methods~ the in-situ
production of an antistatic ~oam that has uniform
properties thr~ughout its volume and cross-seGtion;
and (2) a post-treatment method in which an antistatic
composition is impregnated on the surface and, to the
extent possible, throughout the interior structure of
the foam product. The latter technigue is the less
preferable since it requires repeated handling and
treatment of material thereby increasing its cost
it provides less uniform properties, which properties
may indeed be only superficial if the thickness of the
~oam material is substantial; and the impregnant is
~2~7~0~3
~ubject to removal by wear and tear if the impregnated
product is used over again. If used for packing
sensitive electronic component~, such as computer
chips, the impregnated composition may attach to, and
damage the article. Of cour6e, in some applications
such as laundry softeners or antistatic agents, it is
intended that the impregnated foam lose its antistatic
coating as it i~ transferred to the damp laundry
during use in the dryer. ~owever, in most
applications it is desirable for the foam product to
exhibit both permanent and uniform antistatic
properties which will render the product electrostatic
free. The characteristics of packaging materials
used for a variety of ~ensitive electronic components
and devices are 6et forth in the military
specification Mil. B B1705B.
It is known that certain quaternary a~monium
8alts can be added during the manufacture of
polyurethane foam to impart improved antistatic
properties to the cured foam. United States Patent
3,933,697 discloses specific quaternary ammonium salts
that can be incorporated as an ingredient into the
composition prior to commencement of the foam-formins
reaction; alternatively, it is suggested that the
~ame compounds can be applied by impregnation to the
~inished urethane foam.
While the advantages of incorporating an additive
by the in-situ method which will render the finished
product antistatic are obvious, the selection o~
appropriat~ materials must be based upon their
compatibility in the foam making process, and on their
effect on the physical appearance and characteristics
of finished foam product. This is 80 because the
~oam-forming reaction requires a careful balancing of
~L~7~lOO~
the polymerization, or gellation, reaction with the
ex~ansion of the foam-forming ingredients to provide
a uniform cell structure, the avoidance of ~plits,
cracks and other defects, and finally the
polymerization which must be completed within a
critical time period to insure a self-sustaining and
6table foam structure. The presence of even small
quantities of additional compounds can have a markedly
adYerse effect on the reaction mechanism and the
finished product. Those familiar with the art will
know of the adverse effects of low levels of
contaminants or impurities which may be barely
detectable.
It is therefore essential in seeking an agent or
additive which will render the finished foam
antistatic, to find a compound or composition that is
totally compatible with the foam making process.
Other factors which must be taken into account are (1)
the ability to mechanically incorporate the antistatic
additive into the ~oam-forming composition using
conventional equipment: and (2) the cost of the
additive at its effective level or within its
effective ran~e and its impact on the final cost of
the foam.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It has now been found that ~ertain ~uaternary
ammonium compounds, when combined with plasti~izers,
and preferably those plasticizers which are liquids,
form a solution which can be incorporated into the
polyurethane foam making composition to provide
remarkably improved antistatic properties in the
finished foam product.
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The quaternary ammonium compounds found to produce
a synergistic result in the practice of this invention
are commercial products.
One o~ the quaternary ammonium compounds found to
be useful in the practice of the invention is soya
dimethyl ethyl ammonium ethylsulfate, and specifically
the product sold under the trademark Larostat 264-A
by Jordan Chemical Company of Folcroft, Penn. The
product is a wa~y solid which can be converted to a
pourable li~uid by heating to 50C-65~C. Jordan
Chemical markets this product in the form of a li~uid
blend of the quaternary ammonium compound in twenty
percent dipropylene glycol ~DPG) as Larostat 377, and
it can also be used in the practice of the invention.
Another quaternary ammonium compound found to be
useful in the practice of the invention is soya
dimethyl ethyl ammonium ethylphosphate, ancl
~peci~ically the product sold under the trademark
Larostat 192 by Jordan Chemical. This product ? S a
pourable liquid which can be mixed with the other
components to produce the antistatic additive
composition which are incorporated into the
~oam-forminy mixture. The preferred quaternary
ammonium compound i~ the soya climethyl ethyl ammonium
ethylsulfate of Larostat 264-A.
The plasticizers o~ this invention found to
provi~e the markedly improved antistatic properties
when used in combination with the above quaternary
ammonium compounds are also commercially available
products.
The plasticizer compositions found to be use~ul
in the practice of this invention are as follows: the
mixture of N-ethyl-o- and p-toluene sulfonamide, sold
by Monsanto Chemicals under the trademark Santicizer
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8; the mixture of o- and p-toluene sulfonamide, sold
by Monsanto Chemicals under the trademark Santicizer
9; and tetrakis(2 chloroethyl) ethylene diphosphate
sold by Olin Chemical Company under the trademark
Thermolin 101. Santicizer 8 is the preferred
plasticizer compound and is a light yellow, viscous
liquid, which is a mixture of the ortho and para
isomers. Santicizer 9 is a white to light-cream
granular ~olid, also a mixture of the ortho and para
isomers. The Thermolin lOl product is a liquid, and
has utility as both a plasticizer and a flame
retardant~
In the examples which follow, the various
quaternary ammonium compounds and plastici~ers which
wera used are, for convenience, identified by their
commercial names, or abbreviations.
Most significant is the discovery that guaternary
ammonium compounds, which ~re solids at ambient
temperature and pressure, when di6solved with
plasticizers to provide an antistatic additive
composition, exhibit a ~ynergistic effect when added
to the foam-forming reactants and provide a finished
foam having greatly improved antistatic properties.
This ~ynergism i~ demonstrated by the fact that when
~nly the quaternary ammonium compounds alone, or the
plasticizers of the invention are added to the
foam-forming mixture no signi~icant improvement of
antistatic properties in the finished foam are
observed. Polyurethane foams made with one or the
other of the compounds exhibit essentially the same
antistatic properties as foam containing no antistatic
additives.
The preferred combination of quaternary amm~nium
salts and plasticizers of this invention provide a
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stable solution, that is, one which does not separate
on standing, solidify on cooling or produce a
precipitate. The stability of the antistatic additive
solution is extremely important from the standpoint
of commercial production. Polyurethane foam.s are
made by continuous casting methods which are capable
of, and are most efficient when they are--run-for ---
~everal hours, or throuyhout an entire shift.
Additive streams must be fed from storage vessels to
the mixing head throughout this period. Such
additives must be stable over the daily production
period, and preferably should be stable over periods
of at least several days. The preferred antistatic
additive ~olutions of this invention meet those
cri~eria.
The antistatic additive solutions of this
invention are prepared by mixing one part by weight
of the quaternary ammonium compound in from about 0.4
part to three parts of liquid or solid plasticizer.
Significantly enhanced antistatic properties have
been obtained when the antistatic additive composition
is comprised o~ one part of quaternary ammonium
compound and one and one-half parts of plasticizer.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention the
quaternary ammonium compo6ition of larostat 264-A,
which is a waxy solid at room temperature, is heated
to between about 50C and 65C, and when it melts and
is flowable, is poured into the liquid plasticizer,
which is preferably the N-ethyl-o- and p-toluene
sulfonamide mixture of Santicizer 8. This mixture is
then drum rolled or mixed with an impeller for a short
time to ohtain a clear homogeneous solution. This
mixture is stable and no phase separation is observed
at high or low temperatures.
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The ~uaternary ammonium composition of Larostat
264-A can also be blended into okher plasticizers or
into polyols using the same general procedure~ In
some instances, some phase separation may be observed
as the mixture cools. Any phase separation which
does occur can be minimized, if not eliminated
entirely, by maintaining the mixture at a higher than
normal temperature. As will be apparent to one
skilled in the art, adjustments to the foam
formulation can be made to take account of the higher
temperature of the foam forming composition and
reaction.
As noted above, the antistatic additive
composition of this invention is added to the
foam-~orming reactants at the time of mixing. It can
be combined in a prepolymer mix, or added as a
separate metered stream in accordance with techniques
well-known to those familiar with the art. Noticeable
~mprovements have been observed with the incorporation
o~ from about 5 to about 25 parts of antistatic
additive solution per lOO parts of polyol or resin.
The term resin as used here is synonymous wi'h polyol
and includes polyester and polyether polyols, and
mixtures thereof. The term ~phr~ means ~parts per
hundred of resin.~ ~he preferred level of antistatic
additive 601ution iS ~rom about 17 to 22 parts per
100 parts of polyol.
The polyurekhane foams of this invention can be
manufactured by the one-shot or prepolymer methods,
and can consist of polyester polyols, polyether
polyols, or polyurethanes prepared from a blend of
polyester and polyether polyols, and of blends of
polyether and copolymer polyols, all of which are
described in more detail below.
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Polyurethane foams exhibiting improved antistatic
properties have many applications including use in
operating rooms where sparks can present a serious
fire hazard; in connection with sound proofing and
vibration damping materials for computers; and in the
packaging and handling of sensitive electronic
components such as computer chips where the presence
of static electricity can modify or damage the article
so that it cannot be used.
In the examples which follow the polyether polyol
resin used had an average molecular weight of 3S00,
unless otherwise indicated. The copolymer polyol was
a grafted polyether polyol containing copolymerized
styrene and acrylonitrilel which was cupplied by Dow
Chemical U.S.A. under the designation XAS-10963.01.
Other copolymer polyols which can be used in this
invention are available from Union Carbide Corp. and
from BASF Wyandotte.
The polyester resin has an average molecular
weight of 2000.
The isocyanate used was tolylene diisocyanate,
(also referred to as toluene diisocyanate, or simply
TDI) which was 2n isomeric mixture of the 2,4 isomer
(67~) and the 2,6 isomer (33%~) In some instances
the isomeric mixture of the TDI was 80/20,
respectively. Unless otherwise indicated, the TDI
Index was 105. The utility of the invention is not
limited to any particular isomeric ratio, or to any
specific TDI Index value. Other isocyanates
conventionally used in the manufacture o~ polyurethane
foams can be u~ed. These would include
4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), and othere
well-known to those ~amiliar with the art.
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DETAI:LED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the co:mparative the basic ~oam formulations
are selected :from those known in the art, and the
individual components are commonly available and
widely used. Similarly, in those examples which
illustrate the claimed invention, apart from the novel
combination o:E guaternary ammonium compounds and
plasticizers which produce the improved electrostatic
propertie~ in the finished foams, the components and
1 n their relative proportions are assumed to be well
within the skill of the art.
The following csmponents used in the examples are
identified as follow~:
1. Amine catalysts -
A-l, 70% bis~2 dimethyl aminoethyl) ether in
DPG sold by Union Carbide Corp.
A-30, silicone amine sold by Union Carbide
33-L~, 33% triethylene diamine in DPG sold
by Air Product6 Corp.
NCM, N-coco morpholine ~old by Lonza Chemical
16 D, N-hexadecylmethyl amine sold by Lonza
Chemical
NEM, N-ethyl morpholine sold by
Texaco
M-6682, a mixture o~ :Eatty acid amides, sold
by Witco Chemical
2. Organotin catalysts -
C-4, 50~ stannous octoate in DOP sold by
Witco Chemical
3. Silicone ~urfactants:
L-530, silicone copolymer ~old by Union
Carbide
L-560, silicone glycol copolymer sold by
Union Carbide
o~
-l:L-
L-5750, silicone glycol copolymer sold by
Union Carbide
DC-200, dimethyl polysiloxane from Dow
Corning
4. Flame ~e ardant -
DE-60FI pentabromo diphenyl oxide blended
with 15~ aromatic phosphate, sold by
Great Lakes Chemical
In the examples, the quantities of all of the
- 10 components are expressed in term~ of parts ~y weight
of ingredients per 100 parts of re~in, (i.e., polyol),
or ~phr.~
In addition to the major ingredients whi~h are
indicated by their proportions in the following
examples, the polyether foam formulations also
included minor amounts of cataly~ts, stabilizers,
accelerators, activators, surfactants, and other
functional additive~ well known in the art. On
average, the total of these other additives amounted
to from about 2 to 3 parts by weight per 100 parts by
weight of the polyol. In the examples which follow,
unless otherwise specified, the components and ranges
employed are:
TABLE_I
Silicone surfactant (L-5750) : 1.0 - 1.3 phr.
Oxganotin Catalyst ~C 4) : 0.85 - 1.2 phr.
Amine Catalyst (A~l) . 0.30 - 0.375 phr.
(33-L~) : 0.10 - 0.125 phr.
In the examples, the total quantity of these
compounds is relatively ~mall compared to the other
ingredients. As is well known to those familiar with
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the art, their selection and the actual quantities
employed are routinely varied in response to the
ambient conditions of temperature and humidity, as
well as the mechanical conditions relating to foam
manufacture. In the interests o~ exemplifying the
invention, the total quantity of these components
identified in Table I appears in the Components column~
adjacent the entry ~Catalyst, etc.
Test Method
In determining the antistatic properties of the
polyurethane foams described in the examples which
follow, the ~tatic decay rate method as described in
Federal ~est Method Standard No. lOlC-4046 1 was
used. In gPneral, this test ~ethod is used to
determine the ele~trostatic properties of materials
in film and heet form by measuring the intensity and
polarity of an induced charge and the time required
for dissipation o~ the charge. In this test
procedure, a static charge of 5000 volts is first
applied across the foam ~ample and then the voltage
~ource is removed and the sample is grounded. The
foam sample and the test chamber are maintained at a
relative humidity of about 15%. The time of static
decay to zero VoltB i6 determined from a moving paper
chart on which the drop in voltage is recorded. A
value of less than 2 seconds for the decay time is
established for the foam product in order to pass
this test, and to insure that sensitive electronic
compollents and like which are placed in contact with
the foam will not be damaged.
A conventional flexible polyether polyurethane
foam was prepared as a hand batch from a standard
formulation using a polyol having an average molecular
~7~ t)O~)
;13
weight of 3000 and tolylene diisocyanate (80/20) with
an Index of 115. When tested a~s described in FTMS
No. 101C-4046.1, the cured sample maintained its
initial 5KV charge and no decay over time was
observedO A conventional polyester polyurethane
flexible foam was also prepared as a hand batch from
a ~tandard f~rmulation using~a~polyester~--resin and
tolylene diisocyanate (67/33). When tested as
described above, the foam sample maintained the
initial impressed charge of 5KV with no observed
decay over time.
PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The examples which follow illustrate the invention
in various foam formulations.
.Example I (349-10-C)
Component Parts
Polyether 100
Tolylene diisocyanate ~TDI) 46.24
Catalyst, etc. 2.7
Water 3.5
Antistatic Additive:
264-A 8.0
Santicizer 8 12.0
The above composition wa~ prepared as a hand
batcb and a ~ample was cut from the cured foam for
static decay testing in accordance with the method
described above. The initial potential after the
voltage ~ource was removed was 5.0 XV and derayed to
zero volts in 1.39 seconds.
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Examples II through V
In each of these examples the polyol was a blend
of the polyether resin used in Example I, and a
copolymer polyol which incorporates styrene and
acrylonitrile~
Parts
(349-9-A) (348-38-D) (349-6-A) (349-~-C)
Components Ex. II Ex. III Ex. IV Ex._V _
Polyether 70 70 70 70
Copolymer
Polyol 30 30 30 30
TDI 38.6 41.64 38.6 38.6
Catalyst, etc. 2.40 2.6 2O45 2.50
Water 3.1 3.1 3.5 3.5
Antistatic Additive:
264-A 8.0 8.0 10.0 8
` Santicizer 8 12.012.0 15.0 12
Cured samples from each of these hand batches
were tested as described above to determine the time
for decay to zero volts with the following results:
Example Time (seconds)
II 1:00
III 1.20
IV 0.88
V 0.94
\
Exam~e_VI
In this example, a polyether polyol having an
average molecular weight of 3000 was employed. A red
color dispersion was added to impark a pink color to
the foam.
.
a)
Components Parts
Polyether 100
Tolylene dii~ocyanate44.78
Catalyst, etc. 2.3
Water 3.4
Red color .15
Antistatic Additive:
264-A 7.0
Santicizer 8 lOo 5
lOA cured sample ~rom the hand batch tested in
accordance with the method described above decayed to
zero volts in 1.36 second~.
Examples VII and VIII (349-43-C and 349-44-A)
In these examples a polyester polyol was employed
15and appropriat~ changes in the formulation were made.
Parts
(349-43-C) (349-44-A)
Components Ex. VIII Ex. IX~
Polyester 100 100
TDI (80/20) - Index 102 4401
TDI ~67/33) - Index 112 - 50.S
Catalyst (C-4)* 0.50 0.30
~-532* 1.3
NEM/A-30 (.45/.20)* .75
D~16-D* .15 0.10
33-LV* - .50
M 6682* - 1.2
NCM* - 1.0
~L27~
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Antistatic Additive:
264-A 8.0 8.0
Santiciæer ~ 12.0 12.0
Water 3.6 3.7
*[As previously defined]
Cured samples from these polyester ~oam hand
batches were prepared and tested in accordance with
the method described above. The decay times to zero
volts were 0.8~ seconds for the foam of Example VII
and 0.56 seconds for the foam of Example VIII.
Comparative Examples A-E
In order to determine what effects, if any, each
of the antistatic additives would have if used
separately, two comparative examples were prepared
using the poly2ther resin (3000 M.W.) and essentially
the same basic formulation in Example VI with the
following exceptions:
Comparative Example A contained 17.5 phr of the
mixture of N-ethyl-o-and p-toluene sulfonamide, and
no quaternary ammonium compound: and Comparative
Example B c~ntained 17.5 phr of soya dimethyl ethyl
ammonium ethylsulfate, (Larostat 264-A), and no liquid
plasticizer. Cured æamples of foam prepared from
these two hand batches were tested as described above.
The samples carried a significant initial charge, and
there was no observed decay of voltage with time from
that as originally measured on these comparative
~amples. The results of the testæ on the foam samples
of Comparative Examples A and B establish a
synergistic effect of the solution of the specific
quaternary ammonium compound of Larostat 264-A and
the Santicizer 8 plasticizer~
~L~7~0~)
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A third comparative example, Example C employing
the polyether resin (average MW of 3500), and only
Larostat 264-A was prepared as follows:
Exam~.le C
Components Parts
Polyether 100
TDI S80/20) 43.6
C-4* .45
A-l* .l9
33-LV* .06
Water 3.5
Larostat 264-A 1.0
*[As previously defined~
A cured sample of this polyether foam of Example C
was taken from the hand batch and tested in accordance
with the method described above. The initial charge
of ~.5KV was not observed to decay over time.
Further comparative foams of Examples D and E
were prepared to determine the effect of the separate
addition of plasticizer and guatsrnary ammonium
composition to a polyester polyurethane composition.
The~ were prepared using the same foam formulation
used in Example IX. In comparative Example D, only
the plasticizer Santicizer 8 was used at a level of 20
phr. At this relatively high level, which is the
maximum compatibility level recommended by ~he
manufacturer for use with non-~oam polyurethane
polymer compositions, the cured sample exhibited a
decay time o~ 5.34 seconds. Comparative Example E
was prepared as a hand batch by heating the quaternary
ammonium compound Larostat 264-A, adding it to the
polyester polyol and then mixing it with the remaining
components. The resin mixture was cloudy aft~r
~7~1L0~3
-18-
addition o~ the ~uaternary ammonium compound and the
resulting product collapsed, did not produce a ~oam,
and was not tested.
Examples IX~ X and XI (353-26-A; -B; -C)
In these three examples the TDI had an Index of
108 and a red pigment was added to provide the ~ ~~~~
finished f oam with a pink color.
Parts
(353-26-A) (353-26-B) (353-26-C)
Components ~x. IX E~ Ex._XI
Polyether 100 103 100
TDI ~67/33) 44.78 44.78 44.78
Catalyst, etc.2.45 2.45 2.30
Water 3.4 3.4 3.4
Antistatic AdditiYe:
264-A 700
192 - 7.0 8.8
Santicizer 8 10.5 10.5 13.2
Samples ta~en from the hand batches prepared from
the above ~ormulations were subjected to the static
decay testing method previously described (1) on the
day o~ their preparation, ~nd t2) following aging o~
20 minutes in an oven at 70~C, 30 minutes in a
dessicator, and 24 hours in a temperature and humidity
control chamber.
The decay times to zero volts were
~ Ex. X Ex. XI
Initial 0.46 0.92 0.42
Aged 0.61 1.58 0.63
i27~
--19--
Example XII (353-lO-~On)
In this example the polyether polyol has an Index
of 108, and the plasticizer is a blend.
Com~onent Parts
Polyether 100
TDI (67/33) ~ 44.78
Catalyst, etc. 2.30
Water 3-4
Antistatic additive:
264-A 7.0
Santicizer-8 11.0
Santicizer-9 2.0
A ~ample taken ~rom the hand batch is tested for
static decay as previously described. ~he time for
~5 decay to zero volt8 iS 1 . 95 ~econds.
Example XIII (349-6-B)
The following example demonstrates that the
antistatic additive is compatible with a liquid flame
retardant compound sold for use with flexible polyure-
thane foams. ~he flame retardant identified as DE-60F
i6 pentabromo diphenyl oxide b:Lended with 15% of an
aromatic phosphate sold by Great Lakes Chemicals.
Components ~E~
Polyether polyol 70
Copolymer polyol 30
TDI ~67/33) 38.6
Water 3.5
Catalyst, etc. 2.45
DE-60F 5.0
~7~
-20--
Antistatic Additive:
264-A 6.0
Santicizer 8 9.0
The above composition is prepared as a hand-batch
and produces a satisfactory ~oam. After curing a
sample is tested and found to have a static decay
period of less than 2.0 seconds.
Examples XIV and XV (363~ A and C)
In these examples the urethane foam-forming reac-
tion mixture comprises a blend of polyether and poly-
ester polyols. The diisocyanate has an Index of 112.
Components Parts
(363~ A) (363-11-C)
Ex. XIV Ex. XV
Polyester 15 15
Polyether 85 85
TDI (80/20) 48 48
C-~* 3.5 3.5
L-560* 4.3 4.3
DC-200* -- .1
A-1/33-LV (3/1)* .35 35
Red color .20 .20
Antistatic-Additive:
264-A 7.0 7.0
Santicizer 810.~ 19.5
*[A~ previously defined]
Samples taken from each of the hand batches were
tested as previously described. The time to decay to
zero volts for the foam o~ Example XIV is 1.67 seconds
and for that of Example XV was 1.33 seconds.
~7~LOOO
Examples XVI and XVII
In these examples a polyether polyurethane
~ormulation essentially thP same as that of Example
VI was employed with the exception that the antistatic
additive composition was a mixture of three parts of
the liquid flame retardant-plasticizer tetrakis (2
chloroethyl) ethylene diphosphate to two parts of the
quaternary ammonium composition of Larostat 264-A.
~he flame retardant-plasticizer is sold by Olin
Chemicals under the trademark THERMOLIN~ 101 and is
identified as TM-101.
Components Parts
(363~10-B3 ~363-10-C)
Ex. XVI Ex. XVII
Polyether 100 100
TDI 44.8 44.8
Catalyst, etc. l.9 1.9
Water 3.4 3~4
Red color 0.2 0.2
Antistatic additive:
TM-101 13.2 15
264-A 8.8 10
Cured samples prepared from the hand batches were
tested as described above. The decay time for Example
XVI was 2.00 seconds and for Example XVII was 1.61
seconds.
Additional Comparatlve Examples
Additional formulations were prepared using, the
plasticizer San~icizer 8 with other quaternary
3L~7~
22-
a~monium compounds. These included solutions of 1.5
parts Santicizer 8 to 1 part Arquad ~D60~0 and Igepal
887. Arquad RD6080 is a proprietary quaternary
ammonium compound sold by Akzo, and Igepal 887 is a
70% nonyl phenoxy polyethanol in water sold by GA~.
Solutions of these additives were incorporated at
levels ranging from 7 phr to 17.5 phr of polyether
re in in hand batches. Samples cut from the cured
foam and subjected to ~tatic decay testing showed no
appreciable loss of accumulated static charge over
time~
Another series of tests were conducted to
dete~mine whether other Xnown plasticizers could ~e
used with the preferred quaternary ammonium compound
Larostat 264-A to produce an effective antistatic
additive composition. Solutions of 1 part Larostat
~64-A to one and one-half parts of each o~ the
following compounds were prepared: (1) benzyl
phthalate; (2) dioctylphthalate, or DOP; and (3)
cresyl diphenyl phosphate, or CDP. These solutions
were added at a level of 17.5 phr in a formulation
similar to that ~f Example IX. Hand batches were
prepared and cured. Samples tested showed no
observable decay in static charge for examples using
benzyl phthalate or DOP; the sample containing CDP
showed a decay rate of approximately 6.7 seconds.
While certain representative embodiments and
details have been shown ~or the purpose of
illustration, numerous modifications to thP foam
formulations previously described can be made without
departing from the invention disclosed.
