Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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The invention relates to a process for cultlvating seaweeds
possessing improved biological properties as well as to cosmetic
food industry and fodder supplementing compositions containing
the thus-prepared seaweeds.
Seaweeds have a long time gained a widespread use for mankind.
The utilization of seaweed in cosmetics, the food industry and
fodders has also come into the general use.
In the absence of a well worked out and economical cultivating
process, marine seaweed are commonly used for the above purpose,
although their practicability is limited as a consequence of
their high fibre content. This disadvantage is enhanced by the
fact that the pollution of the seas has increased ïn recent years
because of their content of radioactive and carcinogenic
materials, toxic heavy metals and industrial wastes which are
accumulate in the organisms of the seaweed. Thus, the ~hus-
obtained whole seaweed cannot be used for cosmetics, in the food
industry and for nutrition. For these purposes such fractions
can only be used which had been purified from the toxic and
ballast materials. Such a method of purification has been
~0 reported by M. Carames de Gouvea in: Cosmetics and Toiletries,
Vol. 95, pp. 47-50 ~1980).
However, the purification is an operation removing a part of the
biologically active substances of the seaweed and therefore, the
thus prepared fraction of the seaweed becomes less valuable ~or
cosmetic and nutritional purposes rM. Jochum: Die
Thalassotherapie-Algologie, Kosmetic International 1982, pp. 76-
78; Zajic: Properties and Products of Algae N.Y., Plenum 1970].
The process of working-up are commonly carried out in such a way
that agar, carrageenin and alginic acid are separated from the
seaweed and utilized separately.
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AS a consequence of the purification processes, the valuable
provitamins of the seaweed, e.g. beta-carotene, unsaturated fats
and oils such as arachic and linolic acid are cracked thus, the
cosmetic and food industry compositions as well as fodder
supplements containing such seaweed have decreased activity. the
seaweed living or cultivated in surEace sweet waters can also
accumulate bacteria and virus~s in their organisms, whereby their
utilization for cosmetic and nutritional purposes cannot be
general.
The invention provides a process for cultivating seaweed which
makes possible on one hand to eliminate the above-mentioned
drawbacks and on the other hand, the thus-prepared seaweed posses
an enhanced activity in comparison to the conventional seaweed.
It has been found that, on cultivating strains of seaweed in a
culture medium containing sterilized mineral, medicinal or
thermal water of natural origin or a mixture thereof, seaweed are
obtained in the organisms of which the accumulation of toxic
substances (mercury~ lead, cadmium, radioactive contaminations,
bacteria, viruses, carcinogenic agents and the like) is excluded.
It was observed that useful substances such as microelements and
vitamins contained in medicinal waters were enriched in the
organism of seaweed prepared by the process of the invention.
The balneologic utilization of these substances has gained a high
importance for several centuries.
The active ingredients and microelements of the medicinal waters
are enriched in the organism of the seaweed prepared by using the
process of the invention and on the other part, these substances
form addition or complex compounds, respectively with the
mucoproteids being present in the seaweed.
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It is unnecessary to sub~ect the seaweed obtained according to
the process of the invention to any subsequent purifying or heat-
treating process. Thus, the whole seaweed can be mixed with the
various cosmetic or food industry compositions as well as with
fodder supplements. Therefore, the active agents of the seaweed
are not damaged and their complete biological value is retained.
A further and unexpected advantage of the thus-prepared seaweed
consists in that the microelements indispensable for the organism
and for the skin are introduced as a-ttached to mucoproteid
proteins into any organism. The thus-introduced microelements
are absorbed and exert their action to a higher e~tent in the
human or animal organism.
The cosmetic compositions containing the thus-prepared seaweeds
are useful not only for increasing the water content of the skin
but also for optimizing the function of the enzymes of the
organism by introducing the microelements which are present in an
easily absorbable form.
This is also valid for the vitamins and oils introduced together
with the seaweed. A similar action becomes effective in the
cases of the food industry compositions and fodder sùpplements,
too.
The cosmetic compositions of the invention promote the
hydratation of the water-deficient skin and restore the cells of
the ageing, wrinkled skin. When used as hair-dressing agents or
tooth pastes, a roborating effect is exerted after absorption
which presents an advantageous action on the development of the
heir bulbs. Loosening of the teeth is also prevented.
All these outstanding and unexpected effects are due to the fact
that the substances indispensable for the organism can be
introduced into the human organism in a form bound to the
proteins of the organism of the seaweed, whereby the extend of
the utilization (bio-availability) are improved to a high degree.
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When introduced to the organism as such, the microelements are
frequently not transformed to a biologically active form and
cannot participa~e of the life processes.
Zinc is e.g. a component of at least thirty enzymes of the
organism and thus, it plays an important role in the proteln
synthesis of the skin. Zinc-containing enzymes participate of
the synthesis of DNA and RNA. The transfer of information
required for the synthesis of proteins is hindèred by the absence
of these zinc-containing en~ymes, whereby the restoration of the
skin is made difficult.
In case of a copper deficiency, the collagenic structure of the
skin is damaged.
The function of the haemetopoietic organs ar0 impeded by an iron
deficiency which is supported by the fact that iron compounds
introduced as such cannot sufficiently be absorbsd in the
- organism. By using the seaweeds of the invention, ths
microelement dsficiency of the organism can be diminished to a
high extend.
A particularly preferablP effect can b0 achieved by cultivating
the seaweed in such a culture medium according to the invention,
wherein the metal ion content is enriched by adding an additional
metal compound. It is suitable to ad~ust the metal ion content
of the culture medium to a concentration o~ at most lo~2
mole/litre as related to each metal ion. Several kinds of
seaweed strains can be cultivated in the same culture medium at a
temperature between 0C and 80C. Thereafter, a sterile air flow
containing carbon dioxide is bubbled through the inoculated
culture medium. The carbon dioxide concentratlon of the air is
0.5 to 20~ by volume preferably 1.5 to 5% by volume. In the
course of the air bubbling, it is suitable to illuminate the
culture medium by using a fluorescent lamp.
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cultivating period lasts 7 to 30 days, preferably 12 to 14
days. The seaweed obtained is separated from the culture medium
and is worked up. The process of the working up can be carried
out by using conventional physical or chemical methods, The aim
of working-up is to disrupt a site of the cell membrane by a
mechanical method or by alterating the osmotic pressure in order
to obtain the cell contents in this way.
The working-up may be accomplished as follows:
- by heat treatment at 40 to 200~, under a pressure of 0 to 50
bars (0 to 5000 kPa);
- by ultrasonic treatment;
- by treating with a surface active agent (surfactant) such as
sodium lauryl ethyl sulphate; or
- by mechanical method, e.g. by milling in the presence of a
solid vehicle.
The thus-treated, worked up seaweed can optionally further be
reacted with the solution of a metal compound to a metal ion
concentration of at most 10- mole/kg of the solid seaweed. The
thus-obtained seaweed can be mixed to the cosmetic compositions
after drying or without drying in the form of an aqueous
suspension.
The cosmetic and food industry as well as fodder supplementing
compositions contain the seaweed in an amount of 0.05 to 95% by
weight as related to the dry substance content, in an admixture
with known liquid or solid additives.
Particularly preferable compositions can be prepared by mixing
optionally an active additive in an amount of 0.05 to 50% to the
compositions. This active additive may be propolls, pollen or an
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other powder of plant origin, globin, egg-white, an animal
protein, a plasma protein and the like.
It is preferable to mix oils, fats of plant or animal origin,
surface active agents, starch flour (fecula) of plant origin,
bran, as well as preservatives, solid or liquid vehicles as
additives to the compositions.
Summing up, the invention relates to a process for cultivating
seaweeds possessing improved biological propertie~.
~he process of the invention comprises sterilizing a culture
medium containing medicinal water, mineral water, thermal water
of natural origin or a mixture thereof, optionally enriched by
metal compounds up to a concentration of 10-2 mole/litre as
related to each metal ion and up to a concentration of 101
mole/litre of fluorides, under a pressure of at most 10 bars
(1000 kPa~ at a temperature between 100C and 140C, then
inoculating with a pure seaweed culture, bubbling through the
culture medium a sterile air flow containin~ 0.5 to 20% by volume
of carbon dioxide at room temperature, separating the seaweed
after a cultivation lasting 7 to 30 days at 0C to 80~, working
up the thus-obtained seaweed in a conventional physical or
chemical way and optionally reacting the worked up seaweed with
metal compounds to a concentration of at most 10-2 mole/kg as
relative to each metal ion.
The invention also relates to cosmetic compositions containing
seaweed prepared as described above in an amount of 0.05 to 95%
by weight as relative to the dry substance, optionally 0.05 to
50% by weight active additives, preferably propolis, globin, egg-
white, dried powder of plant origin as well as known cosmetical
additives, pre~erably oils and fats of plant or animal origin,
surface active agents, preservatives, liquid or solid diluents in
an amount supplementing up to 100% by weight.
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The thus-prepared cosmetic compositions can be used as skin-
treating agents ~or hydrating and restoring the skin, for
increasing the muscle tone as well as for making wrinkle-free th2
ageing skin. The hair-dresslng compositions of the invention are
suitable to stimulate the hair-bulbs, to feed the scalp, whereas
the tooth-dressing compositions according to the inventlon can be
used for alleviating the gingival atrophy as well as for
preventing the tooth-loosening and the dental caries.
In addition, the invenkion relates to food industry and fodder
supplementing compositions containing seaweed prepared as
described above in an amount of 0.05 to 95% b~ weight relative to
the dry substance, optionally active additives, pre~erably hone,
blood plasma, globin, corn-germ and dried powder of plant, origin
in an amount of 0.05 to 50% by weight as well as additives
commonly used in the food industry, suitably preservative, liquid
or solid diluents in an amount supplementing up tp 100% by
weight.
The foods prepared according to the invention and the supplements
which can be mixed to the fodder exert a roborating action on the
human and animal organism and promote an optimum functioning of
the enzyme system of the organism. An eventual deficiency of the
vitamins or microelements in the human and animal organism are
also completed by the compositions of the invention. A
regenerating action is also effected on the deteriorated, aged
organism by these compositions.
The process and composition according to the invention are
illustrated in detail by the following non-limiting Examples.
Example 1
Cultivatlon of seaweed
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Seven liters of a medicinal water arising from the Lukacs Bath of
Budapest are filled into a seaweed-cultivating bottle and
sterilized a-t 121C under an overpressur~ of 1 bar (100 kPa) for
30 minutes.
The sterile solution is inoculated by a pure culture of
Scenedemus obtisiusculus then, sterile air flow containing 1.5%
by volume of carbon dioxide is bubbled through the culture medium
at 25C under illumination by a luminescent lamp. After a
cultivation period lasting 14 days, the seaweed are separated
from the culture medium. The thus-obtained seaweed contain the
valuable microelements of the medicinal water without any toxic
material.
The seaweed are worked up by an ultrasonic treatment and the
thus-obtained water-containing material is used in cosmetic
compositions.
ExamPle_2
Cultivation of seaweed
The process described in Example 1 is followed except that a
medicinal water arising from Héviz is used.
ExamPle 3
Cultivation of seaweed
The process described in Example 1 is followed except that a
medicinal water arising from Hajduszoboszlo is used an no
ultrasonic treatment is carried out.
Example 4
Cultivation of seaweed
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The process described in Example 1 is followed, except that a
medicinal water arising from Piestrany (Czechoslovakia) is used
and after the inoculation wlth the culture, a sterile air flow
containing 5~ by volume of carbon dioxide is bubbled through the
culture medium at 25C under illumination by a luminescent lamp.
Example 5
Cultivation of seaweed
The process described in Example 1 :LS followed, except that lo~6
g/ml of gold (III) chloride is added to the medicinal water in a
sterile manner.
ExamPle 6
Cultivation of seaweed
The process described in Example 1 is followed, except that 1o~6
g/ml of iron(III) chloride is added to the medicinal water in a
sterile manner.
Example 7
Cultivation of seaweed
The process described in Example 2 is followed, except that 10
mgflitre of lithium fluoride are added to the medicinal water-
based culture medium.
Example 8
Cultivation of seaweed
The process described in Example 1 is followed, except that a
mineral water of Parad (Hungary) supplemented with 1 g/litre of
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potassium nitrate and o.~ g/litre of dipotassium hydrogen
phosphate is used instead of the medicinal water. The p~ value
of the culture medium is adjusted to 6.5 by adding 2 N
hydrochloric acid solution. the working up is carried out in a
chemical way instead of the ul-trasonic treatment by mixing 4 g of
seaweed with 825 g of water and 392 g of sodium lauryl ether
sulphate and heating the solution to 60C.
ExamPl~ 9
Cultivation of seaweed
lo The process described in Example 1 is followed, except that
Chlorella pyrenoidosa is used as a strain of seaweed instead of
scenedesmus obtisiusculus.
Exam~le 10
Preparation of a face and body treating composition
Four g of seaweed cultivated as described in Example 1 are
suspended in 412 g of water to 70C and then mixed at ~0C with a
melt containing 70 g of white vaseline, 70 g of stearin
monoglyceride, 82 g of cetyl alcohol, 27 g of maize-germ oil and
27 g of Tween 60 ~a trademark) sorbitan ester polyoxyethylene
derivative. Thereafter, the mixture is stirred until cool and
then preserved by adding 0.2% of Xathon CG (a trademark).
~y using the thus-obtained composition as a face and body
treating cosmetic preparation, an excellent hydrating and skin-
regenerating action can be achieved.
Example 11
Preparation of a shampoo
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184 g of Alfozid KT-25 (a trademark)~ 152 g of Zala-betain ~a
trademark) of 35%, 20 g of Alfid D 11 (a trademark) and 0.2% of
Kathon CG (a trademark) preserving agent are added to the mixture
containing 4 g of seaweed prepared as described in Example ~.
The thus-obtained product is used as a shampoo for hair-dressing.
By regular use of this shampoo the loss of hair is moderated and
the fragile hair becomes shining and pliable.
Example 12
Preparation of a composition suitable for iontophoresis
1.4 ml of the seaweed suspension prepared as descri~bed in Example
8 are weighted into an ampoule of 2 ml and 0.5 g of an alcoholic
solution containing 3% by weight of propolis is added. After
sealing, the ampoules are sterilized.
The thus-obtained composition can be used for regenerating the
ageing, wrinkled skin as well as it can be employed for an
iontophoretic treatment to make pliable the skin.
ExamPle 13
Preparation of a hydrating cream
Four g of seaweed cultivated and worked up as described in
Example 2 are mixed with 20 ml of an alcoholic solution
containing 2 % by weigh of propolis then, the process described
in Example 10 is followed to give an excellent hydrating skin-
treating cream which is particularly suitable for making
wrinkleless the tired skin of face.
Example 14
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Preparation of a skin-regenerating face and body treating
composition
Four g of seaweed cultivated as described in Example 3 are heated
to 80C in the presence o~ 1% of sodium hydrogen carbonate with
loo ml of a solution containing 5~ by weight of globin prepared
from swine blood then, the process described in Example 10 is
followed to give an excellent skin and body treating composition
which makes pliable the skin on the regular use.
Exam~le 15
Preparation of a skin-regeneratiny body treating composition
The process described in Example 14 is followed, except that
instead of the globin solution, 100 ml of water and a suspension
containing 5 g of alfalfa powder and 1% by weight of sodium
hydrogen carbonate are used to give a skin-restoring body
treating composition.
Example 16
Preparation of a skin-regenerating face and body treating
composition
The process described in Example 14 is followed, except that 2~ g
of quail egg-white are used instead of globin to give a
composition which is particularly suitable for freshing and
hydrating the ageing skin.
Exam~le 17
Example for comparison
The face and body treating composition according to Example 16
was prepared, however, instead of the seaweed cultivated as
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described in Example 3, a non-purified whole seaweed of sea water
origin were mixed into the composition. ~oth compositions were
controlled on groups containing 10 individuals each. The
composition containing the seaweed of sea water origin caused
skin spotting and skin inflammation after a treatment lasting 3
days thus, ~he use of this composition had to be stopped. The
skin of the individuals treated with the composition prepared
according to Example 16 became tight and wrinkleless after a
regular use lasting two weeks. Skin inflammation or spotting
lo were not observed.
Exam~le 18
Preparation of a tooth paste
120 g of glycerol, 7 g of alginate, 1 g of saccharin sodium, 2 g
of nipagin M, 30 g of polyethylene glycol M 600, 60 g of Dentolex
684, 180 g of Dentolex 654 (a trademark) and 330 g of sorbitol
are mixed together under pressure in an equipment fitted with a
stirrer then, 200 g of a suspension containing 2~ by weight of
seaweed prepared according to Example 7 are added. Thereafter, a
mixture containing 20% by weight of sodium lauryl sulphate and
80% by weight of glycerol are added while homogenizing the
mixture. The thus-obtained tooth paste is odorized by adding 1 g
of menthol to give a tooth paste alleviating the gingival
bleeding and the paradentosis.
Exam~le 19
Preparation of a roborating table
900 g of blood plasma powder, 10 g of seaweed prepared as
described in Example 4, 90 g of potato starch and 900 g of a
medicinal water arising from the Luka~cs Bath of Budapest are
mixed and then granulated. After adding 4 g of magnesium
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steara-te to the dry granulate, the obtained product is compressed
to tablets.
By the regular consumption of the tablets, both very young as
well as ageing individuals can be roborated.
5 EX ample 20
Preparation of a drinking juice
loO g of a suspension containing 2 g of seaweed prepared as
described in Example 8 are added to 900 g of a fibrous apple
juice and the mixture is homogenized.
By regular consumption of this drinking juice, an eventual iron
de~iciency of the organism is complemented and a regenerating
effect is exerted on the whole organism.
Example 21
Preparation of a honey composition with an increased biological
15 activity
300 g of the seaweed consumption ~as calculated for the cry
substance) prepared as described in Example 2 are mixed with a
mixture containing 600 g of honey and lO0 g of apple ~uice.
After homogenizing the mixture, a composition is obtained which
is particularly suitable for restoring weakened, aged and post-
sickness state organisms.
ExamPle 22
Preparation of a fodder supplement
To 500 g of the seaweed suspension (as calculated for the dry
substance) prepared as described in Example 3, 500 g of bran are
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portionwise added and the mixture is homo~enized. the thus
prepared mixture is used as fodder supplement. By a regular use
of this composition, after mixing it into the fodder of fur
animals, the quality of the fur is improved.
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