Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
7 ~
3~
LIQUID CLEANSING COMPOSITION
Tcchn~c~l FioLd
Ihl~ invention ~LateJ to liquid cl~ing co~ tion~
an~, mD~ ically, tD ~4~K~U l$qu~d C~
compositions ~ving d sirable foaming, product solubliity,
viscosity and skin feel characteristics.
Li~uid cleansing products are extenslvely used as
hand cleaners, shampoos, bath foams, shower foams and for
many other purposes. The present invention is concerned
primarlly with cleansers u~;ed for cleaning skln but is not
limited to that application. The cleansers of interest
are aqueous based and contain a mixture of surfactants.
In order to achi~ve controlled u~ o~ a liquid
15 clean~ing caTposition, it i~ de3irable to ~uvo a s~dhat
vi~ b~lt pourabl~ o~ p~bl~ produc~. A thin~ ~atery
pr~duct i~ too ea~lly ~ ed ard wasted wh~n u ~ and d
nat hav~ good COn~E ~x~u~e. A nu~r o~ hi~h
mo~lar ~ight poly~8~ie mat~rial~ hav~ been ~ in
w ~ varie~y of ~ h~d p~ t Ll a ~hickenin90
~QL~ s~ g 0~ pro~ive colloid f~ionallty.
C~r~n nQnionic polyma~ also hx~n ~o ~ t d~irabl~
~kln ~1 chæræ~grist~¢s ~o th~ prQd~ct~ no~bly qu~ gu~
and d~riva~ s ~reo~ 67025). H~r,
25 ~$rg ~rod;~c~ fo~ o~ ~a~ant
tt~ng ar~3 skin ~1 p~ti~ ~f~o~ poor product
pourablllty, solubility and ~iscosity characteristlcs,
especially on storage at low tem~erature~ as well as
30 diminished thickening and viscosity control under ac~ueous
dilutlon conditions in for example,shewer ~oam com~ositions.
Moreover, the pourability, solubility and
vis~ c~ra~e~ urt~ avat~d by t~ u~
o~ f~tq~ æ:id alkar~la~id~ whi~ a~i~ ;~d to
35 liqul~ ~leansing c~tio~ ~o~
fflQ~ probl~ can be mitigat~ to sa~ ~e~ l~y a3di~
~tial levels o~ a~:oholic sol~ such a~ ~than~l a~
t} llk~. N@verthele~, ~ r~ r~t ~ly
:
391
2 --
ç ~ iv~ but are technically und~irabl~ becausQ al:oholic
solvent~ ar~ holl~ved to ha~ a ~er~en~y to caus~ drylng o~
tt~ skirl~
I~ h~ rx~w be~n discovered that liquid cleansir3
p~oduct3 having de irabla foamlr~, thlckenlng ~nd ~kln feel
p~op~ties together with excQllç~n~ ~o~ atia~polrabllltY, solubility
and vl~o~ity characteristics at both norm~l and low ~torage
tç~pe~atures are providç~ by ~u~ us~ of polymaric thlck~ning
materials, glycerine and a mixed surfactant system
compri~ing additive levels of specified nonionic
ethoxylated aliphatic alcohols.
S~m~ of th~ Invention
ALcording to the present invention, there~ore, ther~ is
provided an aqueou~ liquid ~lean~ing compo~tlan comp~ising:
~a) from about 8S to akout 50~ of pr ~ ry su~factan~
s~lected from anionic, cationic, zwitterionic,
amphoteric an~ semi~poLar ~faetant~ and mixtuEes
thereof,
(b) from about 0.1~ ts ~x~t 6~ of auxiliary ~factant
ælected ~rQm e~x~lated aliphatic aL~ohols having an
average ~lkyl chain lengtb of frcm 6 to ~ c~rbon atqm~,
(c) from about 0.1~ to 2% of a water-soluble polymeric
thickening agent, an~
(d) from about 0.1~ to about 6% of glycerine.
. 25 ~he water-soluble thickenin~ agent useful in the present
conpositions can be a nonionic or cationic polylreric thickening
agent or a m~xtur~ thereof. Preferred nonionic water soluble
¦ polymer~ are selected fro~ guar gum, hydroxypropyl
gua~ gum, mæthyl cellu`lo~e, methyl hydroxypr~pyl cellulo~0
hydroxyethyl celluk~ oxyprqpyl cellul~, locu~t be~n
gu~ sta~chO s~arch arylosa, hydroxyethyla~ylos~ and
polyo~r~t~rlene~ The polyr~r i~ a high r~le~ igh~
ma~gial ~mass-avera~e mole~uLa~ weight be~ng g~ne~ally f~m
abou~ SO,OOO ~o about 5,000,000, preferably fro~ about
100,000 ~o about 1,000,000), and i~ thickeni~g abillty 1~
preferably such that a 10%, preferably a 5~ and more
preferably a 1% dispersion of the polymer in water
at 209C exceeds about 1 Pa.s (10 poise) at a shear
rate of lo sec 1,
1~9~394
-- 3 --
~ ighly preferr~d poly~r~ her~in ar~ gu~ gun and
d~ atives thereo~ which provide a highly desirable ~nooth
- sllE~r skin feel to th~ products. Guar ~ a naturally
occurrirt3 material which i~ principal capon~nt of
5 s~ed of th~ guar plant. Guar gu~ ~3 ~ ed fra~ ~ g~
~ and puri~ied. Guar 9~19l a h~gh molec~ r ~igh;~
c~ bo~ydrat~ polymer or polysacch~Lride made up of mannose and
gal2Ctose uni~ linked to~the~. ~h~ guar molecul~ i3
~entially a straight chaln of' manr~s~ un~t3 llnked tO each
oth2~ by me~ns of beta (1-4) glyco8id~c linkage~. Galactose
unit~ b~anch f~o~ altP~nate nYuu~3e unit~ through alpha
(1-6) link39es with thd mannos~ unit~.
lh~ de ired skin feel o~ th~ liquid clean~Lng p~oduct~
i8 preferably obtain ~ t~ usirg ~dro ~ propyl guar gum. In
the guar gum molecule, e~ch manMose and gala¢tos~ unit ha~
ro~ 2-4 h~droxyl group~, depending on wh~re the unit~ are
located in the polym~ chain. ~ gum d~rivatives are
produ~@d by reacting guar gum such that substitut~on of
chemical mo~eties ooCus5 on som~ of these hydroxyl group~.
Hydrcxypropyl guar gum~ ar~ a famlly of material~ wi~h
hydsoxypro~y1 groue~ sub~t~tuted fot soTe o~ the hydroKyl
groups. The tenm ~degr~e of substitution is used to
indicate the average number of hydroKypropyl g~oups which
~- oocur on each of the sugar unit~ in t ~ polymer molecule.
r" ~5 qhe preferr ~ hydr ~ ~qpyl guar gum used in the present
invention ha~ a degree o~ ~ubs~itution o from about 0.3 to
1.23 e~pecially preerred i~ hydroxyprqpyl guar gu~ with a
d~g~e~ o~ sub~itutlQn of about 0.6. Such a mat~ri~
I avallable commercially a~ "Jaguar HP-60" frQm Meyhall Chemical
~td.
Preferred cationic pDlymRric thicke m ng agents h~rein are
selected from hydroxypro~yltrimethylammonium guar gum~,
quaternized cellulose ethers, ho~opolymers of dimethyl diallyl
amm~nium chloride, co-polymers of dimethyl diallyl ammonium
chloridb and acrylamide, quaternized vinyl pyr~olidone acrylate
or m~thacrylate copo1y~ers of amino alcohol, and polyalkylene
inanes, in particular the polyethylene lmlnes and the ethoxy
poly ~ lene LmLnes. Qf these, highly preferred are hydID~ypropyl
tr~met~yl ammcnium guar gum, qyaternized a~llulo æ ethers and mlxtures
~ 40 thereo~. Mlxtures of the abov~ specii~d cationic and non~onlc
; . thlch~nlng agents are also suitable h~rein.
*Trademark
~g~39~
B~ way of exemplification, cationic polymers preferred for
use herein include cationic guar gums such a~ h~droxypropyl
trimethyl ammonium guar gum (d.s. o fro~l 0.11 to 0.22)
available oommercially under the trade marks Jaguar C-14-S(RTM)
S and Jaguar C-l~R~M), ~d also Jaguar C-16(RTM), which contain~
hydroxypropyl substituents (d.s. of from 0.8~1.1) in addition to
the above-~pecified cat~cnic group~, ~nd qyaternized ællulose
ethers aYailable co~mercially under the trade mark~ U~are
Polymer JR"and celquat. Other suitable cationic polymers are
homopolymers of dimeth~ldiallylan~oni~m chloride available
commercially under the trade mark Merqyat 100, copol~mer~ of
dimeth~l aminoethylmethacrylate and ~crylamide, copolymers of
dimethyldiallylammonium chloride and acrylamide.available
cQmmercially under the trade marks Merquat 550 and Merquat S,
quaternized vinyl pyrrolid~ne acrylate or methacryla~e
copolym~rs of amlno alcohol available co~mercially under the
trademark Gaquat, and polyalkyleneimines such as
polyethylenim~e and ethoxylated polyethylenimine.
The quantity o~ p~lymer material used in th~ liquid
2L~ cleans ms products of this invention is from about 0.1~ to
about 2%, especially fro~ akout 0.2% to about 1~. A
preferred rang~ of usage fo~ gu3r gum and its derivative~ i8
from akDut 0.3~ to about 0.7~.
The liquid cleansin3 co~positions of thi~ ~nvention
oo~pr~se a prLmary su~ctant ~elected from anionic,
! cationic, zwitterlonic ~ amphoteric surfætan~ and
mixture~ th~reo~, tog~ther wi~h an auxiliary ~urfaatant
which i~ a specific typ~ o n~nionic su~factant m~terial.
Th~ primary sur~actant ~ rlses ~ro~ abDut 8~ ~o ab~ut 50~,
pr~ferably f~om about 10~ to about 30~ mDre preferably from
: about 154 to about 25S by weight o~ the compo3ition; ~he
auxil~ary ~sur~actant comprises fro~ abcu~ 0.1~ to about 6~,
preferably fro~ about 0.53 to about 4%, more preferably fræ~
a~out 1% to ai~t 3~ t~ weight of the ca~ositaon.
Suitable 3nl0nic surfactartts are water~ 1uble salt~ of
C~ beri.el~e su~ ate3~ C8~C22 alky
~ulFhate~, CiO_ ~ alkyl polye~hoxy ether sulph~e3,
,~
1~9~3~31
~ .
-- 5 --
C8 24 paraffin sulphonate~ alpha-C12_24 olefin
sulph~nates, alpha-sulph4nated C6-C20 ~atty æ ids and
their ester~, C10-C18 alkyl glyceryl ether sulphonates,
fatty acid x no~lycerid~ sulphate3 and suLphonate~,
S especially those prepar~d from c~onut oil, C8-C12 alkyl
phenol polyethoxy ether sulphate!~, 2-~cy1oxy C9-C23
alkane~ ulphonate, and beta-all~yloxy C8~C20 alkan~
sulph~nates.
~ Preferably, ~he anionic sur~actant is selected ~rom
,10 alkali m~tal, alkaline earth metal, ammoniu~, and
alkanolammonium salt~ of alkyl sulphates, alkyl ethoxy
sulphate~, alkyl benzene sulph~n,ates and mlxture~ thereof.
The alkyl sulphate ccmponent i~ pref~rably 3 primary
alkyl sulphate in which the alkyl group contain3 about lD-16
1~ carbon a~oms, more preferably an a~er~g2 of 12-14 carbon
atom~O The alkyl group may be linear or branched in
coriguration~ Cl~-C16 alcohol~, derived from natural
fat~ or 2ieg1e~ olefin build-up o~ OX0 synthe~is, fonm
suitable s4urce~ for ~he alkyl group. EXa~ple. .of
syn~he~ ~ally d~ri~ed ma~rial~ include Do ~ 1 2~ (~nM)
sold by Shell Chemucal~ (UK3 Ltd, Ethyl 24 so1d by the Ethyl
Corporation, a blend of C13-C15 alcohol~ in th~ ratlo
67~ C13, 33~ C15 ~oLd under the trade mark'~u~ensol"by
BhSF GmbH and Synperonic (~XM) ~y ICI Ltd, and ~ial 125 sold
by Liguichimlcæ I~aliana. E~amples o natura11y oc~u~r$ng
ma~sial~ from which th@ ~ hols can be deriYed ar~ coconut
oil and pal~ ke~nel oil and the correspcndin9 fatty a~ids.
ThR level of the al~yl sulphate co~panent gen~rally
, lie~ ln the ran~e of fro~ abDut 4~ to about 20~ by w~igh~ of
¦ 30 ~he ~ ition, m~re generall~ fro~ about 4% ~o abo~ 16
~y weight. In or~ prefer~ed compo~itionaI a~pect of th~
in~ention in which alkyl bsnzene suiphonate is al~o
: inco~porated, ~he usage leYel lie in ~he range frQ~ about
8~ ~o about 12~ by weight, mo~t preferably in ~he rang~ rom
about 8~ to about ll% by weight. In another compositioral
aspe~t of t~e invention in which a su1phona~e cçmponent i~
n~ presen~ the a~y1 sulphate level lie~ m th~ rang~ ~rom
I about 12~ t:o atout 20%, mor~ preferably fro~ akout 14~ to
¦ akout 18~ ~ weight.
*TradOEk
**Trademark
~,.
~9~39~
-- 6 --
For the purposes of tha present invention any al ~ 11
metal) alkalin~ earth m2tal, amnonium o~ ~ubstituted
amm~nium ca~ion can be ~sed in association with the alkyl
sulphate. In particular, ths alkyl ~ulphate can be
S a~sociated with a ~3urce of magnesiu~ ions either introduced
as ~he oxide or hydrcxide to neutralise thR æ id, or added
to the composition as a water ~oluble ~alt. In practice the
magne9iun ion will be pre~ent at a level of fro~ about
0.001~ to akout 0.70~ by weight, prefe~ably ~rcn 0.01~ to
0.1~ by weight of the composition.
Alkyl benzene ~ulphonate~ preEereed fo~ u æ in
CampO8itiQ11~ 0~ the presen~ invention ar~ thosQ in whlch tho
alkyl group, which is substantia~ly llnea~) contaln3 about
10-16 carbon atom3, preferabl~ about 11-13 carbon atom~, a
material with ~n average chain length of 11.8 being most
p~e~erred~ An alkylbenzene sulphonate content of from ~bout
10~ to about 28~ by weight of the compo~ition i5 gen~rally
3uitable. In a p~efeered aspect of the invention an
alkylbenzene sulphonate content of from 13~ to 17~ by w~ight
20 i8 us~d.
The alkyl ethoxy sulphate su~fac~ant ~cmponent
p~e~erably ccmpris2s a pr ~ ry ~lkyl e ~ sulphate deri~ed
f~om the con~nsation produ~t of a Cl~-C16 alcohol wi~h
an avera3e of up to 6 e~hylene oxide group~. m e
C10-Cl6 alcohol itself can be obtained fro~ any of the
sources p~eviously described fo~ ~he alkyl sulphate
co~ponæntr It ha~, however~ been ound p~e~rab1e to use
alkyl sulphate and alkyl ether sulphate in which the carbon
chain length distributions a~e th~ sam~. C~2-C~3 alkyl
30 ether sulphates are preferred and th~ level of alkyl etho~y
sul~2at~ in the c~position lies~ generally b~æen about 8
an~ about 259~ by ~ight of th~ c~sition~
ca~ition~ additionally in~:orporating an al~rl benzenE~
s~nate surfæ'cant, ~ level of alkyl ethooy sulp~te
35 yenerally lies in the range from 9% to 15% ~y weight.
Conventional e'choxylation processe~ result in a
distribution o~ idual ethoxylate-~ rar~ 3 fr~m 1 to
,~ about 10 ethoxy groups per mole of al~ohol, s4 that th~
de3ired aver~ge can be obtained in a vorlety of ~ay3.
lZ~'391
Bler~ can be made o~ material havir~ different degree3 of
et~latlon and/or dif~e~ent ethoxylate distribution~
ari ing from the sp~ ic eth~l~tlon te~hnique~ ~loy~
and ~ent processing step3 such as distlllation. ~or
5 exanQle, it ha~ been ~ d that approx~mately e~uivalent
sudsing to that given ~y a blend o~ allyl ~ulfat4 and alkyl
trietha~ ether sulfate can b~ obtair~d b~ reducir~ t}u
level of alkyl sulfate and u~ing an alk~l etl~ 8ulfate with
an average of approximately two ethoxy group~ p~r molQ o
10 alcohol. In preferred conpositi.on~3 in accordance with the
pre~enié invention the average degree o~ etho~lation i~ ~rom
about 0.5 to about 4, more pre~erably fra~ about 0.8 to
about 2Ø
Cationic det~rgent~ includ~ ~ having the ~ormllla
R--N(R ) 3 ( )X( ) whe~ein R i9 an alkyl chain
containin9 from about 8 to about 20 ca~bon atan5, eadl R2
iY selec~:ed from alkyl and alkanol group9 containir~ fran 1
to 4 carbon atam~ and benzyl groups, there being ~ormally no
more ~ n one benzyl group and two R2 groups can be joined
by either a carbon-carb~n ether, or ~minD linkage to form a
g structure, and X r~pre5ent~ a haloge~ at5m, ~ul~ate
group, nitrate group or other pseu~ohalogen group. Specific
example~ are coconut alkyl trimethyl ammonium chlorid~,
dod~cyldlmethyl benzyl bronide an~ dodecyl methyl morpholino
2S chloride.
Zwitterionic ~ynthetic detergents can b~ broadly
described as deriva~ive~ of aliphatic guatern~y amm~niu~,
- phosæhonium, and sulfonium ccm4ound~ in which the ali~hatic
r~dical may be straigh~ chain or br~nched, and wherein one
of ~h2 aliphatic sub6tit~ nt~ conta~n~ fro~ about 8 to 18
carbon atcms and one con~ain~ an anionic wa~er 801ubilizlng
group, e.g., carboxy, sulfo, sulfato, phosphatD, or
phosphcno. Examples of co~pounds falling within thi~
definition a~e 3-(N,N-dLme~hyl-N-hexadecylammonio)
35 p~opæne-l-sulfonat~ and
1 3-(~,N-d ~ thyl-N-hexadecylammonio)-2-hydroxy
I propane-l-sulfonate.
'~ ' ,
~9~391
-- 8 --
Amphoteric synthetic detergent~ can be broadly
d~cr'ibed a~ derivative~ of aliphatic secondary and tertiary
anine8, in which the aliphatic radical may be straight chain
or branch2d and wherein one of t~ aliphatic ~ub~tituents
contains from about 8 to 18 carbon atom3 and on~ cont2ins an
anionic water solubilizing grou~, e.g., carboxy, sulfo,
Yulfato~ phosphato, or pho2phonc~. Examples of compGunds
falling wlthin this definition are
sodium-3-dodecy1aminopropionate and
'10 30diu~3-dodecylaminopropane sulfonate.
Other suitable primary ~urf!actant~ hereih are the long
chain tertiary anin~ oxides of general formula
R R ~ N+ - - 0~
whe~ein Rl represent~ alkyl, alkenyl or monohydroxy alkyl
lS radical of from 8 to 18 carbon atom3 optionally oontaining
up to lO ethylene oxid~ moietiea or a glyceryl moiety, and
~ and ~ represent~ alkyl of from 1 to 3 carbon atom~
optionally substituted with a hydroxy group, e.g., methyl,
ethyl, prqpyl, hydr~xy ethyl, or hydroxy propyl raidcals.
Example3 include dimethyldodecylamune oxide, -
oleyldi(2-hyd~oxyethyl~ amine oxide, dimethyloctyLamlne
oxide, dine~l~etradæylamirle ~cide, d~tl~yldecyl~nine
~ocide, 3,6~9-triaxah~adecyldiet~lamir* oxide,
di~2-~dro~yet~ etradecylamine oqcide,
2-dodeco~yet~yldimet~lamin~ oxide,
3~decoxy-2-l~ydro~ro~yldi~3-~droxypropyl)-anine o~side,
dimet~lt~adecyl~ ~id~. The amina oxide surfatan~
are genleEally referred to a~ semi-polar although in acisl to
neutral media they behave akin to cationic surfactantq.
The auxiliary su~f æ ~an~ cGmæonent of ~h~ inventlon i9
a C6-C13 aliphatic alcohol etha~ylate gen~rally
containing an average (~a~ of ~rom about 1.5 to ~bou~
25, preferably from about 2 to lS and m~re preferably from
about 6 ~o abou~ lO mole o~ ethylene oxide p~r mole of
alcohol. The auxilia~y ~urfactant preferably oontains not
moee than a~out 1% by weigh~ of unethoxyLated al~ohol when
the ethoxylated alcohol contains an a~erage o~ less than 9
moles of ethylene oxide and not more than about 2~ by w~i~ht
,
~9~39
of unethoxylated alcohol when the etho-cylated alcohol
contain~ an averaqe o~ 9 or more moleq of et~ylene oxide per
nDlQ of. alcohol. Such surfætant~ are pre~erred from ~he
viewpolnt of low temperature stability, the un~hsxyLated
5 content p~eferably beir~ les~ than a~out 0.7~, ard mo~
pr~ecably le33 than-about O.S~. Th~ un2th4xylated material
can b~ removed by vacuum di tillation.
The startin3 alcohQ1 m~y ~e a primary or secondary
alcohol but i~ preferably a prlmary al~ohol whlch may ~o
~10 decived from natural or synthetic soueca~. mus natural
fat~ or oils, or products of Zlegler ole~in build
eeactior~ oe O~D ~nthe~is may all b~ u~d as t}~ ~u~ce o~
th~ Iydrocarbon chaln, the strtJcture o~ whlch ma~ be ltnear
o~ btan~hed in typ~.
The prefeeeed alcohOl chain ler~ ranqe i5 frcro
Cg~CLL a~ it has been fow~d that sudslng p~rfonnar~ i8
optin~n for etho~late raade ~rom such ak:ohol~ It i~ also
desirable fo~ perfonrar~ ~ea90n3 th~t ~he
hydrqphilic~ ilic balanc~ (~LB) of the etho~ylated
alcoh~l is in the range from a.o- to 17~0, more preferably
fro~ 11.0 to 1700 and mo~t pre~erably Çrcm 11.0 to 15Ø
The composition~ o~ ~he invention additionally contain
from about 0.1% to about 6%, preferably from ab~ut 0.5~ to
about 4~, ~Dre preferably fro~ a~out 1~ to ~x~t 3~ of
glycerine. The glycerine i8 ~ uable herein ~r i~proving
the physical characteristic~ of the product. In
particular, the combined use of the polymer, auxiliary
nonionic surfactant and glycerine is ound to be
particularly valuable for achieving optimum product
stability, pourability and solubility in aqueous liquors
as well as good thickening and viscosity control under
dilution conditions.
~9139
-- lo --
In general, th~ conpo~itloru o~ tl~ inventlon contain a
~t~or~ id~erived electrolyt~ level o~ lei~s than about
0.5~, preferably le~ than about 0.1% ~or optl~n produ~t
-q~abili ~.
tn general, ~ canpo~itlons herein hatre a vi3cosity
~neat) a~ 24C in thQ rar~e ran about l,000 to about
20,000 cps, preferably fra~ abou~ 2,000 to a~u~ 15,000 cps,
more preferably frcrn about 4,000 to a~out 12,000 cp~,
visco~ity being measured in a Brookfleld wr viscaeter
using splndle nL~er 4 at speed 3.
~though the addition o~ ~atty acld alkanol~des ~e.g.
ClO~C16 mo~- and di{:2-C3 alkan~lami~s) ln high~r
lev~ls ha3 a genecally delete~io~ effect on forT~lation
phy~ical charact@ristics, never~les~ su~h Tat~rials can ~e
added for additional suds-bocsting ef~æt ar~ keninq
effect provided the amide i~ maintai~d a~ law concentration
in product, preferably no more than about 4~ ~y weight~
more preferably less than about 3% by weight.
Where ~he ~ition of a liquid dean~ product
will be in contac~ wi~ ~e skin of the uær~, it is
prefer~ed that the cleansing pzoduct be for~lated to
p~ovide a pH in use wi~in the ra~e of from about 4 to
about 10, deperdir~ upon the particular surf~:tant or
ma~erials enployed. Espæially preferred is a p~ in the
rang~ of 5 to 7. Any of a large n~er of known su~tan~e~
can ~e used to adju~t the pH o th~ liquid clean~
pr~duct, e.~.t sodiun ~ydroxide, citric acid~ generally at a
levQl of up to ab~ut 0~5~ oi~ ~che produ~t c~position.
39~
~ f~ may b~ used ~A fonnulatir~3 ~ llquid
cleansir~ praduct~, g@rerAlly at a level of a~ut 0.1~ to
about S~ of tt~e product co~o~ltion. Col~rant~ n~y al~o be
u~ $n the li~uid cleansin~ product~. Opæ~ler~, s1g.,
5 e~lens glycol distearate, poly~ty~erd~ latex, gen~zally at
a lev~1 of about 0.2~ to ab~ut 2.0a o~ the product
capo~ition, may b~ used in the li~uid clean~inq produ::ts to
provide them ~ith ~n opaque or F~arle~cent app~4ranc0.
Presorvatives, e.g., EDTA, met}~l pasab~n, pc~yl paraben,
10 "Germall 115" ,"Kathon" , generally at a level of less than 1
nuy b~ irsorporated in the liq~ld clean~ a p~odu:tg to
pcevent microbiological gr~th in th~ produc~.
Th~ liquid cleansing prG~ucts of th~ prea~nt invention genarally
con~in at least about 42~ wat~, prefe~ably rom abou'c 60
15 t~ about 90~ wate~.
T~ inventior~ lustrated in the folla~
non-limative ~xanple3 in which a~l part~ and per~en~cages a~e
~y weight unless oth~ if ied:
*r~ademark
*~ ark
. '`
lZC313~3~
- 1 2 -
I II III rv V VI VII
Sodiu3 C12_13 alkyl sulphate - 9 5 6 8 - 10
Scdium C13_15 alkyl 5ulphate 8
C12-13 (~)2 alkyl sulphatl3 _ _ _ _ 8
Sodium ~13-15 ~ )2 ~lkyl sulphate 12 - _ _ _ 9
~odiu~ C12_13 (E0)3 alkyl sulphatl~ 11 8 6 - - 11
Com~ercial Clo alcohol ~SO~10 2 - 3 ~ 3 2
Comn~rcial Cg 11 alcohol ~50)5 - - 4 - 2 -~ _
Jaguar A-40-F(1) - - - 0.3 - - _
Jaguar HP-60 0.4 0.6 0.3 - 0.5 0.5 0.6
Propylene Glycol 2
Glycerine 2 3 3 2 3 2 4
Coconut Mbnoethanol~m~de 2 2 - - 1 1 1.5
Ethyleneglycol diste~rate 1 1 0.5 0.5
Perume 4 3 3 3 2 3 3
Pre~ervative (2) 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4
i citric acid 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3
Magnesium chloride - 6H20 - - - 0.1 - - -
Dyes 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Water - ` - - TO 100
(1) Purified guar gum from Celanese Plastic3 ~ Specialitie~
Ca~
; (2) Comprises Germal 115, Mbthyl Paraben, Prcpyl PAraben
¦ 25 and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid.
The above products ar~ made by a ~atch p~ocess
involving addition of a hot premix to a main mix in the
follcwing manner.
~9~3gl
-- 13 --
H~t P'remix
.
A.portion o~ the alkyl sulphate (~upplied as a 28%
aqueou~ solution) i~ heated in a premix tank to about 60C
and th~ fatty alcohol ethoxyLate and glycerine are a~ded
thereto with agitation and heating to maintain a te~peraturs
of about 60C. The preservative i8 then added and the
premux i8 heated to about 65C at which temperature cDoonut
~noethanolamide, if present, i9 added.
: Ethyleneglycoldistearate is add~ after further heatlng to a
temperature of about 65C to 70C.
Main Mix
Th~ alkyl ether sulphate (supplied as a 28% active) and
the remaining alkyl sul~ ~te are added to a main mix tank
toyather with a watex slurry of the guar material. Finally
the citric acid, and magnesi~ chloride, if Eresent~ are
added.
The premix i3 then addsd with agitation at a
te~perature of about 70C to the main mix, the combined
mixture is rapidly cooled in a heat exchanger and dyes and
pexfume are added to form the finished product.
The resulting products have desirable fQami~g,
thick~ng and skin feel prcperties tog~ther with excellent
formulation pourability, solubility and viscosity
characteristics at both normal and low storage
temperatures as well as good thickening and viscosity
I control when diluted with water under typical shower
¦ foam usage conditions.
The above Examples are repeated but the polymer is
added as the final component in the hot premix rather
than the main mix and the premix is agitated for at
least 15 minutes prior to addition to the main mix.
The resultln~ products retain the advantages described
above but ha~e a higher viscosity at ambient temperatures.
