Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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m e pre~ent invention relateg to rock oru~hing maohinea and
more particularly to suoh machines wherein o~cillatory vibration or
motion i~ produced in oppo~ed jaws by means of eccentric ma3ses or the
like.
~ACKGROUND OF ~HE INVENTION
U.S. Patent 3,079,096, entitled "Crushing Apparatus" iasued
February 26, 1963 to David P. McGonnell, father of the inventor
herein. ~he crusher desoribed and claimed in that patent is
particularly repre~entative of the prior art with reapect to the
pre~ent invention and is accordingly discu~ed in greater detail
below. The jaw orusher o~ the present invention includes oertain
feature~ in common with the apparatus of the above patent and also in
oommon with applicant '9 copending Canadian applioation serial
No. 563,107 filed March 31, 1988 and entitled ~Improved Jaw Crusher
With Drop-In Jaw" invented by ~aurenoe U. Turly and David P.
MoConnell, also the inventor herein.
Aooordingly, both U.S. Patent 3,0799096 and the oopending
applioation referred to above may be referred to in order to provide a
more oomplete understanding of the baokground of the present
invention, partioularly as to oommon orushing apparatus features.
~ m e orushing apparatus of the present invention also
inoludes certain features in oommon with apparatus disolosed in
another oopending Canadian patent application -of the applioant
Serial No. 563,108, filed March 31, 1988 and entltled "Jaw Crushing
~pparatus".
Referring now to the referenoes, U.S. Patent 3,079,096
disclo~ed a jaw orusher of the type generally referred to above
wherein an eocentrio mass was supported for rotation behind eaoh
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of it~ oppo~ed jawa. Subctantial forces acting upon the jaws were
absorbed by resilient means including wheel~ with pneumatic tires
arranged in shoes or cylindrical tracks partially surrounding the
tires. In addition to absorbing tremendous shock loading on the jaws,
the resilient tire~ permitted the jaw~ to move away from each other a3
nece~sary when uncrushable material formed, for example, from hardened
steel or the like, entered between the jaws.
Aocordingly, the jaw cru~her of the reference wa~
particularly effective in orushing material~ such as rock while
preventing the jaws or other portions of the crusher from being
damaged b~ uncrushable material passing between the jaws.
Other jaw crushers including vibratory jaw crushers with
opposed jaws operated by rotating eccentric masses have al~o been
disclosed in the prior art. For example, reference i~ made to U. S.
Patent 1,247,701 issued November 27, 1917 to Michaelsen. However, at
least for purpo~e~ of
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the present in~ention, these other prior art ~nw crusher~
nre belleved to be generDlly equivalent to that of-tl)e sbove
reference.
Although the prior nrt ~aw cru~hers discussed above
were ver~ effectlve for their purpose, lt hns been found
desirable to further improve their design for further
enhancing Jnw crusher operatlon in n vnrlety of npplications.
Particularly in connectlon with lnrge 6ize crushers Ddapted
for crushing large rocks or the like, some difficultg hns
been found ~n as6uring uniform transmission of 03cillatory
motion to differen~ parts of the ~aw8. For e~smple, when
large rocks nre the like which are difficult to crusll are
trapped between certnin portions oi tlle oppoeed ~nws,
vibratory f.orces npplied to the ~aws follow the pnth of least
resistnnce 80 that the ~aws tend to experlence incre~sed
~ibratory movement nt 8 locntion sway from the lDr~e rock.
rhis tendency naturnlly interferes with rapiù nnd efficient
crusher operatlon.
In nddition, dlfficulty h~s nlso been encountered ~n
assuring uniform tranamisaion of vibratory motion to ~nws of
incren~ed cize. This iB true both for ~aws of extended or
incrensed lsteral dimension, for example, to nchieve
incrensed throst slze, or incrensed longitudinnl dimension,
for exnmple where a longer, more grndual nlp is desired
between the ~nw6.
It h~s nlso been noted thnt, ynrticulnrly with lnrger
crushers, nssemblg and dian~sembly 1~ made more difficult.
Thia ~8 most noticenble in connection with the ~aws
themselve~ which tend to experience concentrated weDr during
operatlon of the cruaher.
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Accordlngly, there ha3 been found to remnln n need for
n jaw crusher exhibiting improvements in the areas discussed
above as well as in other areas~
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Summarv of the Invention
It is therefore an object of the present invention to
provide nn improved ~aw crusher capable of overcoming one or
more of the disadvsntRges discussed above.
It is n further object of the invention to provide a
jnw crusher having Qpposed ~aws with at least one of the
jaws being supported in floating relation on a supporting
frame structure, improved means for impnrting 06cillntory
~ibr~tion to the one ~aw comprising multiple eccentric means
arranged in vertically spaced apart relation on the one jaw
in order to impart oscillfl~ory vibrQtlon to respective
portions of the one ~aw for producing more uniform nnd
consistent operation of the crusher under different load
conditions, split drive means synchronously operating the
multiple eccentric means.
It i~ a further ob~ect of the invention to provide such
a crusher with opposed ~RW8 wherein st least two eccentric
masses are arranged on separQte shsfts in laterally spnced
apart relation, the sepQrate shafts being independently
mounted on bearing means and interconnected by flexible
coupIing means.
The two arrangement~ referred to above can of course be
incorporated in a ~ingle ~aw crusher wherein vertically
spaced apart eccentrlc means eQch comprise st least two
eccentric masses arrAnged on separQte shnfts independently
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attached to the ~aw by bearlng means. In a crusher
iDcluding either or both laterally spaced eccentric masses
and/or vertically spaced eccentric masses, i~ has been found
that vibratory motion can be more effectively and uniformly
introduced into different portions of the ~sw, particularly
where the Jaws are of relatively large si~e. At the same
time, with the size of the ercentric masses being
proportionately reduced relative to a single eccentric mass
for driving the jaw, the size of the bearings supporting the
multiple eccentric mssses is similarly reduced. Since the
size of the bearings tends to limit the rate of rotation
possible for the eccentric ma~ses, it i~ ~mmediately
apparent that the arrangements contemplated by the present
invention are capable of permitting operation at increased
rates of speed as may be desired for achieving optimum
pressure operation.
It iB yet another object of the invention to provide
such a ~aw crusher for facilitating inst~llaticn and removal
of either or both jaw~ wherein the ~8W i5 formed with a
reaction member either integrally formed with the jaw or
connected thereto, the reaction member ~urrounding an
elongsted resilient member fittached to the supporting frame
structure. With this arrsngement, the single eloDgated
resilient member serves to permit oscillatory movement of
the jaw in response to the eccentric means while at the same
time limlting trsvel of the jaw in all directions on the
frame structure. This arrsngement is also particularlg
ad~antageous in avoiding multiple restraints for the jaw
which te~d to work a8ain~t each other, for example, and
absorb part of the vibratory force developed by the rotating
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eCcentric means. Thus, wlth such a design, a greater
portion of the vibratory force can be transferred through
the jaw faces to the material to be crushed for incIeased
efficiency.
In a preferred design, the reaction member surrounding
the elongated resilient member is prefernbly attsched to 8
lower portion of the jaw with additional resiliene menns
being mounted on the frsme structure behind sn upper portion
of the ~aw. As will disclosed in greater detail below, such
an arrangement particularly facilitates installation and
removal of the jaw as n unit from the crusher.
Additional ob~ects and advantages of the invention are
made apparent in the following description having reference
eO the accompanying drawings.
Brief Descripeion of the Drawin~s
FIGURE 1 is a side vlew, with parts removed and other
parts shown in cross section, to more clearly illustrate the
constructlon of a ~aw crusher according to the present
invention.
FIGURE 2 ls a plan view of the crusher ~aken generally
from the top of FIGURE 1, the jaw crusher of FIGURE 2
including a base structure and drlve assembly which are
omitted in FIGURE 1 for 8reater clarity.
FIGURE 3 is an end view of the crusher taken generally
from the right side of FIGURE 1.
FIGURE 4 i8 a fra8mentary sidë Yiew of the opposed jaws
ln the crusher to better illustrete thelr unitary
con6tructlon and configuratlon, one of the opposed jaws
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being illustrated with resilient meens for limitlng
oscillatory movement of the jaw.
FIGURE 5 i8 a further view of one of the jaws, taken for
example fram the right side of FIGURE 4, with the resilient
means being removed.
Descri~tion of_the Preferred Embodiment
A jaw crusher constructed according to the present
invention is generDlly indicated st 10 in the drawings snd
includes a base frame as~embly 12 snd a fabricaeed floating
frame structure or jaw carriage frame 14. The base frame
assembly 12 includes a platform 16 with upright frame
members 18 and 20. Both the base fTame assembly 12 and jaw
carriage frnme 14 are substantiQlly reinforced as
illustrated.
The jaw carri~ge frnMe 14 includes opposed upright side
plates 24 and 26 which are rigidly interconnected by cross
members 28.
The ~8W carriage frame or floating frame assembly 14 is
resiliently supported upon the base frsme 12 by a plurality
of coiled sprlngs 30 interposed between the upright frame
members 18 and 20 of the base frame 12 and the cross members
28 of the flosting frame Qssembly 14. The springs 30 nre
positioned relatlYe to both the ~pright frsme members 18 and
20 snd the cross members 28 by means of positioning cups 32.
A palr of pres~ure Jaw8 34 and 36 are mounted on the
~aw carriage frame 14 in a manner described ln greDter
detail below for allowing o~cillatory or vibrstory movement
of the ~aws in synchronized relation with each other. The
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mounting of the jaws 34 and 36 upon the floating frame
assembly 14 is of particular lmportsnce because of the ~ery
substantial shock forces acting upon the jaws during
operation of the cru~her.
In sny event, it will be more Apparent from the
following description that, in thelr oscillatory or
vibratory movement, the ~aws experience an upward stroke
where they move upwardly and away from each other followed
by a downward stroke where the jaws move downwardly and
toward each other. The upward and downward 6trokes of the
jaws produce vibratory and oscillatory movement in order to
develop crushing force on rocks or other material passing
between the jaws.
~s noted sbove, the crusher ~aws 34 and 36 are of
substantially similar construction and are formed as mirror
images to eRch other. Accordingly, the following
description for the crusher jBW 34 ~lso applies to the
crusher jaw 36 with ~imilar primed numerical labels being
employed. However, it i~ to be noted that one of the jaws,
for e~ample thHt indicated at 36, could be relatively fixed
upon the ~aw carriage frame 14 with osclll~tory or vibratory
movement between the jaws being produced by movement of ~he
one ~sw 34 by itself. In sny event, similar operation of
both jaws ~B generally preferred in order to achieve greater
crushing forces.
The jaw crusher 10 ~8 described Qbove generally
conforms with at leQst one embodiment in the copending
references. Similar numericHl lsbels have also been
employed to further fQcilitate comparison. However, ~t is
to be noted that there are otherwise substantial differences
1 31 5252
ln the manner in which the ~awa nnd other portlons of tl)c
crus1er Dre constructed nnd gupported for enhnnclng crusher
operntion.
- Referrln~ now particularly t~ FIGURES l nnd 4 the
crus11er ~nws 34 snd 36 a~e formed Witl1 upper hnrdened fnce
plntes 38 Dnd 38 Dnd lower l1~rdened fnce plate~ 42 nnd 42
re6pectively. The lower fnce plate~ nre substsntially
s1~orter itl vertlcal dimen~ion thnn tlle upper LMce plntes.
Althot1g11 not a pnrticular feature in connection with t1)e
presc11t inventio11 it i9 noted tl1at the upper snd lo~er
plnte~ nre preferablg formed from ver~ hard metfll nnd
secured to a backing plnte 40 or 40 by means of countersu1)k
bolts or ntuds (not ahown) ln order to facilitate removnl or
replncement of the faclng portlon~ of the ~nws whicll ~re
pnrticulnrly suaceptible to weor.
ReEerrlng to the unitary jaws as illustrated in
FlGURES l and 4 the angular relationship between the ui)per
a11(1 lower fnce plntes 38 42 ~nd 38 42 la of particu]nr
importance within the pre~ent invention in order to nc11ie~e
more efectlve crushing nction on rock or other mnterinl
pnsslng between the Jnws. Generally it i8 desirnble ror
tl1e lower fnce plates 42 and [12~ to be substantlally
pnrnllel with each other for example wl1en fine crus11ing is
desired within the Dppnrntus lO. At the snme time it IIDS
bee11 found desirable to form a converging angle between tlle
~pper face plntes 38 Dnd 38 for ~ number of rea~on~
discus~ed nt 8reater lengt11 in the lncorporated copen~i1-g
reference noted abo~e.
ln any e~ent lt is to be kept ln mind ln connection
with the preaent invention that the multiple drive menns
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~rovidcd by the present lnventlon fncllltntes not only
construction of J~ws hnvlng Brenter lnternl dimenslotls bllt
nlso Jnws hnvin~ grenter Yertlcnl dimcn~ions. The ~IenLcr
vertlcnl dimen~ion~ for the ~nw8 permit, for ex~mple,
~ormntion of a longer tnpered thront between the upper fDce
plntes of the two ~aw~.
Within a ~aw crusher ns described 0bove, there nrc
tllree partlculnr DreQs of con~tructlon which nre o~
importnnce in connectlon Witll the present invention. 'I'llese
three fentures include (1) novel upper snd lower resiliellL
elcmcnts 46 and 48 for posltloning the ~aw 34, (2) n multiple
eccentric drlve nssembly genersll~ indicnted nt 44 in
FlGURE S nnd (3) construction of the ~nws 34 nnd 36 nnd
associated elements of the crusher n~ descrlbed in grenter
detnil below for facilitnting ns~embly nnd'dlsnssembly of
thc Jnws 34 nnd 36 in unitnry fnsllion from the crusher 10.
Tllcse element~ are descrlbed in Breater detnil below.
lnltlnlly, the upper ~nd lower elongnted resiliellt
elements 46 and 48 nllow response of the ~nws to the
rotnting eccentric mn~ses for producing the deslre(l
oscillator~ movement of the Jaws. In nddition, the
resilient elements 46 and 48 limit trnvel of the ~nws in n
mnnller described in grenter detnil below~
The upper elongnted re~ilient element 46 is ~ormed b~
multiple members or tlre~ 50 whlch Are both resilient nnd
compressible. The tires 50 nre mounted on a single 6hnfC or
n~le 52 which 18 ~upported nt lta oyposite ends by benring
moullts 54 nnd 56 which nre ad~ustable on the ~nw carrlnge
rnme 14 or ~nr~lng the dlstAnce or throat formed betwccn
the ~aws 34 and 36.
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The lower elongated re3ilient elemen~ 40 is ~imilarly
formed by tlres 58 mounted on n single shaft or axle 60
which is supported at it6 opposite endY by bearing mounts or
pillow blocks 62 nnd 64. Ths pillow block~ 62 and 64 are
simllarl~ ad~ustable on a lower portion of the jaw carriage
frame 14 while also being detachable from the frnme 14 in
order to facilitate assembly and disns3embly of the jaw 34
rom the crusher 10 in unltnry fashion as described in
greater detail below.
The ~aw 34 is formed with a reaction member 66 in the
form of a rigid shoe or cylindrical track which entirely
surrounds the tires 58. In this manner, the reaction member
66 ser~es to interact with the tlres 58 for limiting trnvel
of the ~aw 34 in all directions during operation of the
crusher. Because of the construction o~ the reaction member
66, the upper tires 50 act directly against the jaw itself
since they do not serve a function of limiting the stroke or
tra~el of the jaw.
Thus, the construction of the ~aw is unitary to
facilitate its being lnatalled or remo~ed from the crus}ler.
At the same time, ~ince travel of the ~aw in all directions
is limited only by the reaction member 66, the design of the
jnw further a~oids interference which might occur lf a
further reaction member (not shown or employed in the
in~ention~ were nece6sarr. Such an arrangement of upper and
lower reaction members is illustrated in the ropending
reference. ~y comparison, the design of the present jaw
s~oids interference between ~uch membera which might tend to
absorb or neutralize a portion of the oscillatory or
vibratory force otherwise being transferred to the jaw
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Inces.
Before completing the descrlption of the unitnrg Jnw
and the n~nner in which it can be assembled or
disnssembled from the crusher, the construct~on o~ the
mnltiple eccentrlc drlve nssembly 44 is flrst dencrlbe(l.
Rererring psrticulsrl~ to FIGURE 5, each ~aw, particulnrly
tllnt indicated at 34, i9 provided wlth multiple ~ets of
eccentrlc means genernll7 indicnted nt 68 and 70. Tlle
eccentric means 68 nnd 70 whlcll are verticslly spnced nl)nrt
upon tlle Jnw 34 each lnclude lnternlly nrrnnged eccelltric
mnsnes 68A, 68B snd 70A, 70B ~o thnt four unlformlg si7.e~1
eccelltrlc masses are arranged bo~h laternlly and verticnlly
upon the Jaw 34 to facilltate more uniform tr~nsmission of
oscillator~ motlon to all portions of tlle ~nw.
Furthermore, the upper eccentrlc mnsses 58A nnd o~l3 nre
nrrnnged on sepnrnte ahaft6 72 and 74 which nre
interconnected by n ~le~lble drlve coupllng 76 while being
independentl~ coupled with the Jnw 34 througll sepnrnte
benrlng mounts 72A, 72B and 74A, 74B. The lower eccelltric
mnssea 70A and 70~ are similarl~ mounted on sepnrnte 6llnfts
73 nnd 80 uhich are also lnterconnected by menns of n
1c~ible drive coupling 82 nnd eupported upon the Jaw 3l~ by
in(lependellt benring mount~ 78A, 78B and 80A, 80~.
` ln addition to bein~ lnternlly nnd vertlcnlly nrrMngetl
ul)on the Jnw for more uniform trsnsmis610n of force to the
Jnw~ tl~i~ nrrangement permlta o number of ndvnntnges in tlle
invention. Initinll~, wlth tlle lnternlly spnced eccentric
mas~es bein~ nrrnnged on ~epnrote shnft~, there iB no
~roblem of mnintninin8 olignment between the two eccentric
mnsses. A1BO~ with the four eccentric mnsse~ 68A, 68l~ nn(l
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70A, 70B replncing a aingle eccentric mnss~ the independent
be~rings for the various eccentric mDsses cAn be of
substnntially reduced size and diameter. This in turn
permits operation of the eccentric masses at higher rates of
rotation, at lea~t partly becallæe of the reduced mass in the
bearings. Still further, the reduced size of the eccentric
masses permits them to be arranged closer to the fnce 38 of
the jaw 80 that oscillatory motion is more effectively
transferred to the jaw face at lenst partly becau~e of the
reduced moment arm between the jaw face and the eccentric
mas~es.
Each of the flexible drive couplings 76 and 82 is of
generally conventional construction for coupling the
respective shafts 72, i4 and 78, 80 while allowing them to
be independently supported by their respectiYe bearings.
For example, referring particularly to FIGURE 5, the
flexible drlve coupling~ 76 and 82 nre each formed by
members 84 and 86 which nre respectively coupled with the
shaft 72 and 74 or 78 and 80 while be~ng coupled for
rotation with each other by means of 0n internal spider 88.
Referring al30 to FIGURES 2 and 3, nll of the eccentric
masses for both ~aws 34 and 36 nre operated by n single
drive motor 90 which is coupled with both the upper and
lower eccentric means 68 and 70 by a ~plit drive train
generally indicated at 92. The motor 90 iB connected with
thè split drive train 92 through driYe belts gener~lly
indicated at 94. The split drive train 92 ltself comprises
drive gears 96, 98, 100 and 102 which are interconnected
respectively with the upper and lower eccentric means ior
each of the ~nws 34 and 36.
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Referring particularly to FIGURE 3, the respective
drive gesrs are interconnected with the upper and lower
eccentric means 68, 70 and 68', 70' for the jaws 34 and 36
by means of universal couplings all indicsted at 104. The
universal couplings 104 further avoid possibilities of
misalignment while also providing means for uncoupling the
eccentric means from the drive train to facilitste removal
and installation of the jaws in unitary fashion.
Referring again to the construction of the upper and
lower elongated resilient elements 46 and 48, the pillow
blocks 62 and 64 can be simplg disconnected from the jaw
carriage frame 14 to permit the lower tires 58 and shaft 60
to remain within the reactlon member 66 80 that they form
part of the unitary ~aw during assembly and disassembly.
Furthermore, with the pillow blocks 62 and 64 being
disconnected, the lower end of the ~aw 34, as viewed for
exampls ln FIGURE l, can be shifted outwardly or to the right
so that the upper end of the ~aw 34 drops out of engagement
wlth the upper elongated resllient element 46. Thereafter,
the entire unitary ~aw 34 can simply be moved away from the
crusher lO for repalrs or replacement as desired.
Similarly, the unltary construction of the jaw 36 permits it
to be assembled or disassembled from the crusher lO in the
same manner.
In addltion to facilitatin~ removal and installation of
the ~aws 34 and 36, these features of the crusher lO also
permit the overall height of the crusher 10 to be reduced
not only to minimi~e the need for head room but Also to
lower the center of gravlty for the crusher. Ths need for
a~ailable overhead space ls further reduced because of the
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ability to remove and ~nstall the unitary jaw~ 34 snd 36 in
the manner described aboYe. Still further, in addition to
reducing the overall height of the crusher 10, the throat
srea lOo formed between the ~aw8 34 and 36 and by the
lateral liners 108 and 110 mounted on the ~aw csrriage frame
14 to extend further downwardly 80 that they terminate
closel,v ad~acent a hopper or other container 112 for
receiving crushed rock or other material from the crusher.
The genera~ion of dust can be further reduced by arranging a
shroud 114 around the lower end of the throNt area 106 80
that the shroud 114 e~tends downwardly toward the hopper
112.
Accordinglv, there has been disclosed n novel and
improved jaw crusher offering a number of advantages as
described in detail nbo~e. Numerous modifications and
variations are possible in addition to those specifically
described above. Accordingly, the scope of the present
invention is defined only by the following appended clalms.
