Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
~ 131563h
IR-818F HARD SURFACE CLEANING COMPOSITION
Background of the Invention
(l) Field of Invention
This invention relates to liquid, aqueou~, ~table,
effective, safe, non-6cratching hard surface cleanin~ composi~ions
commonly referred to ~s scouring clean~ers. The compositions
are physically stable, do not separate, whereby the u6er is
assured of the ~ptimum performance to be expected from the
various components and ~heir amounts and ratios wi~h respect
to one another, are safe and do not ~crstch the usual ~urfaces
to be cleaned, nuch as glass, porcelain, ceramic, plas~ic,
metal, wood, psinted wood (enamelled and lacquered).
(2) Prior Art Dlscussion
The art i~, of course, replete with liquid ~couring
compositions alleged to perform in a safe and effective manner,
others stated to be physically and chemically stsble and so
on.
Some examples of prior art scouring composition~ include
U.S. Pstent 4,005,027 which describes compositions which include
clay and insoluble ~brasive. Only inorganic abrasive~ ~re
shown. The compositions include surfsctants which are blesch
stable. Nonionic~ are not used. Tt iR slleged tha~ the product6
are physically st~ble and also do not "appreciably run along
vertical~urfnces" (column 10, line~ 45-47). Such s~ability
is a m~nifeststion of a false body fluid formed when using
the smectite and ~ttapulgite clay~ necessary in such composi-
tlon~. ~In U.S. Patent 4,116,849 the compo~itlons ~re very
1 3 1 5 6 3 ~) 62301-1477
slmilar to those in U.S. Patent 4,005,027. In addition, U.S~
Patent 4,116,849 dlscloses thickenlng agents lnstead of the
preferred smectlte and attapulylte clays, such as colloldal
sllica, polystyrenes, sul~onated polystyrenes, polyethylene,
oxidized polyethylenes, polypropylene, copolymers of styrene
witll methacryllc acld, methyl or e~hyl acrylate, vlnyl acetate,
among others; patentee states that "...ethoxylated nonlonlc
surfactants are to be avolded.~ Neither of these two patents
disclose soaps or fatty acids as suitable materials as well.
U.S. Patent 4,240,919 descrlbes composltions of multivalent
stearate soap, wa~er and water-lnsoluble abraslve. Varlous
abrasives are dlsclosed and among the "organic" types are
"melamine, urea formaldehyde reslns, ground rlgid polymeric
materials, such as polyurethane foam...~' (column 3, lineo.
10-12). Optlonally, there may be present "substantlally any
surfactant materlals whlch are compatible wlth the other
components in the composition of the present inventlon...."
These include water-soluble anlonlc, nonionic, amphoteric,
cationic and zwitterionlc surfactants." (column 3, llnes
57-62). Further reference is made to U.S. Patents 4,051,056
(expanded perlite as abrasive), 4,457,856 (polyacrylate
abraslve), German 1,9S6,616 (polyvinyl chloride as abrasive),
3,645,904 (skin cleanser containing polymer abraslve materlal)
and 4,302,347.
A composition manifesting the optlmum desiderata for
a non-scratchlng, stable, effective and safe a~ueou~ scourlng
cleanser has eluded the art. The abllity to remove most stalns
from all normally encountered hard surfaces and partlcularly
plastlc surfaces without damaging such delicate plastlc materl-
als as one mlght flnd a , for example, kitchen counter tops,
antl-stlck coatlngs on metal pots, polystyrene, polymethyl
methacrylate,
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6~301-1477
polyvinyl chloride, ny:Lon, polyester (e.g. fibergla~s) and the
like articles in the major thrust of this inverltion. In
addition, to removing stains, the composition should have good
degreasing characteristics as well. Physical stability as
demonstrated by the prior art cited above is a major prob]em
and for good consumer acceptability is a must.
Accordingly, the present invention seeks to provide
liquid, aqueous, stable, abrasive-containing cleaning
composition.
This invention also seeks to provide a liquid,
aqueous abrasive-containing cleaning composition which is safe
and also substantially non-scratching on most encountered
surfaces, including plastic surfaces.
The invention further seeks to provide stable,
liquid, aqueous polymer abrasive-containing cleaning
compositions which are safe, effective and non-scratching.
The invention also seeks to provide method for making
the compositions o~ the invention.
Descriptlon of the Invention
This invention is provided in accordance wlth the
following description wherein the liquid non-scratching,
a~ueous, scouring cleansing composition comprises a fatty acid
and~or fatty aaid soap, non-soap anionlc surfactant, nonionlc
surfactant, electrolyte and particulate abrasive.
The fatty acld componen~ may be any fatty acid having
a carbon chain of from about C6-C30 with C8-C20 preferred.
Most preferred are C10-Cl8 and typically, naturally occurring
materials, such as coconut oil, palm kernel oil, and animal
tallow, s~rve admirably as sources for the fatty aclds. A
particularly preferred range of fatty acids is C12-C18 as one
would find ln coconut oll. A typical coconut oil ~atty acid
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62301-1477
composition conta.ins about 50% C12; 20~ C1~; 8-5% C16; and
10% C18 the balance other acid and even perhaps some neutral
material, and is a liquid a~ 40C. While the most convenient
sources are natural oils or ~ats yielded, mixed aclds, of
course, the individual specific acids, and indeed any mixture
of any number and chain length of acids within the parameter of
Cs-C30 may be used. The soaps used are the alkali metal and
ammonium salts with sodium and potassium preferred. The fatty
acid may comprise from about 0 5 to 15% by weight and
preferably 1 to 10% and, more preferably 1 to 7% of the
composition, particularly 1 to 5% of the composition.
The non-soap anionic may be chosen from any of the
conventional anionics, such as the alkyl benzene sulfonates,
the alkyl sulfates, alcohol sulfates, the alcohol ether
sulfates, olefln sulfonates, paraffin sulfonates, fatty acid
monoglyceride sulfates, sarcosides, taurides and the like and
their salts, such as alkali, alkaline, earth and ammonium
salts. Of these, the sulfates and sulfonates are preferred.
The preferred non-soap anionic surfactants are the
paraffin sulfonates (C10-C20); the linear alkyl benzene
sulfonates, the alcohol and the alcohol ether sulfates.
The most preferred anionics (non-soap) are the
C12-C18 paraffin sulfonates in the form of their alkali metal
or ammonium salts; C8-C20 alkyl benzene sulfonates with C12-C16
belng most highly preferred; the alkyl (i.e. alcohol) sulfates
of C12-C18 and the corresponding ether sulfates with 3 to 50
(e.g. 3, S, 10, 20, 30 or 50) moles of condensed ethylene
oxide. The most preferred salt formi.ng ca~ion is sodium.
The amount of the non-soap anionlc may range from 1 to 15% by
weight, preferably 1 to 10~ and more preferably 1 to 5% by
weight.
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1 ~ 5636 6~301-1477
Some speclflc examples of sultable anlonlcs are
sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium paraffin (Cl~-C17) sulfonates,
~odium decyl sulfate, sodium tridecyl sulfonate, sodium tallow
alkyl sulfate, sodium coconut alkyl sulfate, sodium
oxotridecyl(triethoxyl) [sulfate (sulfated - 3 E.O. condensa~e
with oxotridecyl alcohol], sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate,
sodium tridecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium tetradecyl benzene
sulfonate and sodium (C15) olefin sulfonate.
The nonionic surfactants whlch are usable herein are
generally characterized by a long chain hydrophobe and a
poly(ethylene oxide) hydrophilic chain containing from 1 to 8
ethylene oxide groups in the chain. The hydrophobe may and
preferablY is from an alcohol (C6-C30, preferablY C10-C20~ more
preferably c8-cl8; most preferably C10~C16~ typically a C13
alcohol, such as linear tridecyl alcohol~, or a polypropylene
backbone. Other hydrophobes, such as thioalcohols, acids,
amines and the like, may also be used. The preferred alcohol
is a C10-C16 alcohol with 1 to Ies~ than S moles of ethylene
oxide and most preferably 2 to 4 moles of ethylene oxide,
typically 3 moles of ethylene oxide. The level of nonionic
in the formulation may vary from about 0.5% to about 15% by
weight with preferred levels ranging from 1 to 10% and most
preferred from about 3.5 to 6.5% typically and most highly
preferred is 5%.
The electrolyte used herein is typically an alkaline,
builder-type inorganic or organic salt. The usual salts
comprise the aIkali metal bicarbonates, borates, carbonates,
phosphaee~s, polyphosphates and slllcates among the inorganlcg
and the polycarboxylates, such as polyacetates, tartrates,
citrates, maleates, oxydiacetates, alkenyl succinates, carboxy-
methyloxy succinates, oxydisucclnate5 and the like, amony
r.~
,,1~,~, ,1 I . .
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1 3 ~ 5 6 3 6 62301-1477
the organics. Polymeric builder salts, such as the ~,7ater-
soluble sal~s of polymers of maleic acid, itaconic acid and
the like, may be used as well as copolymers and interpolymers
thereof with polymerizable a,~-e~hylenically unsa~urated
compounds, such as vinyl ethers, esters, alkyl alcohol, acrylic
and methacrylic acid and esters thereof, etc.
The electrolyte may vary over a considerable range
from as little as 0.5% or, preferably, 1% to 25% or more. A
preferred range is from abou~ 2% to 15%; typically a mixture of
carbonate and phosphate may total 5 to 10%; other convenient
and pre~erred mixtures may comprise carbonate, polyphosphate
and optionally some silicate in amounts of from 5 to 10% as
well.
Specific electrolytes include sodium and potassium
carbonate, sodium and potassium bicarbonate, sodium and
potassium sesquicarbonate, sodium and potassium
orthophosphates, pyrophosphates, tripolyphosphate and
hexametaphosphates, sodlum and potassium tetraborate anhydrous,
pentahydrate, decahydrate, sodium silicate (.e.g sodium
metasilicate or other silicates with the Na20 to SiO2 ratio
ranglng from 3.5 to 1 to 1:1) as illustrative of the inorganics
and eth~Ienediamine tetraacetic acid tetrasodium or potassium
salt, trisodium nitrilotriacetate, disodium polymaleate, and
the like, as merely illustrative of ~he organics.
The abrasive may be any material derived from a
polymerizable composition, such as polyethylene, polypropylene,
polystyrene, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate,
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~ 1 31 5636 -
polymethyl methacrylate and various copolymer~ and in~erpolymers
of the foregoing, The criteria for suitability are ~hat the
material doe~ not scratch polymethyl methacrylate and ~hat
the average particle size ranges from about 10 to 150 microns
and pre~erably from 25 to 100 microns and most preferably
from 30 to 75 microns, e.g. 60 microns. For optimum performance
it ls most desirable to utilize a polyvinyl chloride abrasive
powder whose average particle size iB sbout 60 microns, with
8 major amount being within the range of 30 to 75 microns.
The molecular weight range6 of the polymeric abrasives may
vary widely just so long as the phy~ical properties set out
above are met. Generally, milecular weight~ will range from
several thousand (e.~. 2,000; 5,000; 20,000) to sever&l hundred
thousand (e,g. 125~000; 250,000; 400,000) and upwarda of several
million (e.g. 1,000,000; 2,000,000; 4,000,000; 6,000,000).
The amount of sbrasive may range from about 2% to 30% or more
(e,g, 40%; 50%). A preferred range in the preferred formulations
is from S to 25% and more preferred iB a range of 5 to 15%,
such ss 7~/O; 10%; or 12%.
A large variety of optional ingredients may be included
in the formulations of this invention. Some are even preferred,
such a~ inorganic viscosity modlfiers (e.g. montmorillonite
clays, such as bentonite; attapulgites, etc.); organic ones,
such as methylcellulo~e, carboxyl methylcellulose, hydroxy
propylmethylcellulose. Such materials are particularly advan~
tageous for a "cream" scouring cleanser where a "thickened"
type of materisl is desired by the con6umer. For such products
it may be desirable to have vlsco~ities r~nging from several
hundred (250 Cp8; 400 CpS; 500 Cp~) to ~ever~l thousand (e.g.
1,100 cps; 1,500 Cpfi; 2,000 cps, etc.).
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It i~ extre~ely significant that the formula~ions
of this invention exhibit unugual stability (i.e. lack of
or minimum phase separation) in the abgence of the viscosity
"elevators," their major function a~ mentioned above ~o merely
thicken. The amount of the viscosity modifier may r~nge from
sbout 0,1 to S to 10%; u6ually 0.5 ~o 3%. Other optional
but, again, preferred additive~ include a hydrocsrbon materisl,
particularly a terpene, such ~B d-limonene. Such terpene~
are resdily available in msny perfume msterials which are
generally added to most con~umer cleaning products, The amo~nt
of the hydrocarbon may v~ry from 0.05 to 5% snd preferably
from 0.1 to 2 to 3%, Other additive~which may be used incl~de
bleaches (liquid and solid hypochlorite~, availsble, e.g. as
NaOCl solution or c~lcium hypochlorlte powder; chloramines,
chlorinated di- and trisodium phosphates, sodium and potass1um
dichlorisoeyanurate, trichlorocyanuric acid, and so forth);
buffers, caustic soda; caustic potash; ~uds boosters; enzymes;
preservatives; disinfectants; colorant~; frsgrsnce6 snd the
like, may be used where desired and compatible, Generally,
minor amounts of such auxiliary materisls sre employed, e.~.
0.01 to 10% and often O.1% to 5%.
The compositions of this invention are slkaline and
generally have a pH from about 10 to 12. It i8 generally
preferred to add ln the formulations the fatty scid in free
acid form and neutralize in BitU with eaustic soda (NaOH3 or
caustic potash (KOH), at the same time adjusting the pH to
the desired level~ A typical, preferred pH 11~0.5.
The composition~ of thi~ invention are generally prepared
by sdding to the formuls weight of hot water with ~tirring
iD a suit~ble mixer ~nd homogenizer ~at a tt~pe.a~ure of a~out
~ 1 31 5636
50 to 80C, e.g. 60C) the fol lowing composition in the order
given: fatty acid, nonionic, viscosity modifier (if u6ed),
abrasive polymer par~icles, and alkali for neutr~lization
of fatty acid; at this poin~ the temperature of the mixture
is lowered to about room temper~ture and then the electrolyte
(e.g. builder salts) is added followed by the non-soap anionic
and finally the perfume (also as a source of hydrocarbon where
desired), where no hydrocarbon is to be used one may, obviously,
use a non-hydrocarbon containing fragrsnce the use, however,
of a hydrocarbon material has proven desirable for incre~sed
grease removal char~cteristics.
The following examples will 6erve to illu~trate the
pre~ent invention without being deemed limitative thereof.
Parts and percen~s are by weight unless otherwi6e indicated.
Example I
A formulation of the following ingredients i~ prepsred:
% % A.I.
Di~tilled coconut fatty acid~ 2.0 2.0
C13 alcohol and 3 mole~ ethylene oxide 5.0 5.0
White montmorillonite clay 0.8 0.8
Polyvinyl chloride powder (PVC) 10.0 10.0
(beads of average par~icle size of
60~ made by an emulsion polymerization
process)
50% aqueou6 KOH 0.5 0.25
60% tetrapota~sium 10.0 6.0
pyrophosphate solu~ion (TKPP)
30 Potas~ium carbonate-granular, 0.5 0.5
snhydrous (K2CO3)
60% C14-17 paraffin (Na) sulfonate 3,33 2.0
Perfume 0.5 0.5
35 tap wster balance
The compo~ition i8 prepared in the msnner de~cribed
previously ~s preferred. To the formula weight of water at
1315636
60C are added the fatty scid, nonionic, clay, abrasive and
caus~ic potash with vigvrous gtirring. Af~er a un~orm mixture
is obtained, it is cooled to room temperature (20C) and
the remaining components (in the order liated) are added with
stirring. A creamy, stable product re~ults; the pH i8 about
11 and the viscosity i~ about 1,100 Cp6,
Fxample II
Example I is repeated except that the following fatty
acids are used in place of 2% difitilled coconut fatty acid:
(a) lauric acid 2.0%
(b) palmitic acid 2.0%
(c) coconut oil fstty acids 3.0%
(d) coconut oil fatty acids 4.0%
(e) lauric-stearic ~3:1) 3.5%
Example III
Example I is repeated using 5% sodium lauryl ~ulfate
in place of the sodium paraffin ~ulfonate.
Example IV
Examples I and III are repeated ~eparately replacing
the TKPP and K2C03 with 4% soda ash (snhydrou~ Na2C03).
2S Example V
Each of the previous examples i8 Beparately repeated
bu~ in place of 5% nvnionic there is used
(a) 3% nonionlc
(b) 6% nonionic.
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G2301-1477
The product of Example I ls used ln a skandardized
test procedure to determlne the degree of scratchlng agalnst a
plastlc surface. Thls ls compared with two commerctal pro-
d~cts. The procedure lnvolves the use of a reclprocatlng
moving sponge ~spontex) containlng 1 g o~ test product whlch ls
applied to a plastic tlle and after 200 strokes the plastlc
tlle ls washed and the gloss is compared wlth that of the
orlglnal. The tlle used has an lnitlal gloss readlng of 79 and
thls is unchanged after the test wlth the product of Example I.
The two commerclal products gave readlngs of 72 and 73 demon-
stratlng thereby some damage to the tlle by the commerclal
materlals and none by the composltlon of thls lnventlon.
11
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