Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
- 1 -
1 335330
HIGH STRENGTH FIBERS OF STEREOREGULAR POLYSTYRENE
Thi~ invention relates to fiber~ of stereo-
regular polystyrene, in particular isotactic and
syndiotactic polystyrene. This invention further
relates to a process for the preparation of such fibers.
In many indu~tries there is a drive to replace
the metal~ u!~ed as ~tructural material~ with plastic
material~. Plastic material~ offer several advantage~
in that they are frequently lighter, do not interfere
with magnetic or electrical signals, and often are
cheaper than metal~. One major di~advantage of plastic
material~ is that they are significantly weaker than
many metals. To provide plastic structural article~ and
part~ which have sufficient strength for the intended
u~e, it is common to use composite material~ which
comprise a polymer or plastic matrix with high strength
fiber~ in the plastic or polymer matrix to provide
enhanced strength. Examples of compo~ites made using
such high strength fibers can be found in Harpell et
al., U.S. Patent 4,457,985 and Harpell et al., U.S.
~atent 4,403,012.
36,514-F _1_
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1 335~3~
A series of patents have recently issued which
relate to high strength fibers of polyethylene,
polypropylene or copolymers of polyethylene and
polypropylene. Such fibers are demonstrated as being
useful in high strength composites. See Harpell et al.,
U.S. Patent 4,563,392 ; Kave~h et al., U.S. Patent
~,551,296; Harpell et al., U.S. Patent 4,543,286; Kavesh
et al., U.S. Patent 4,536,536 ; Kavesh et al., U.S.
Patent 4,413,110; Harpell et al., U.S. Patent 4,455,273;
and Kavesh et al., U.S. Patent 4,356,138. Other
polymers which have been used to prepare fibers for com-
po~ites include polyphenylene sulfide, polyetherether-
ketone and poly(para-phenylene benzobisthiazole).
The polyethylene and polypropylene fibers
although exhibiting excellent modulus and tensile
properties, have a relatively low heat di~tortion
temperature and poor solvent resi~tance. The
polyphenylene ~ulfide, polyetheretherketone, and poly(p-
phenylene benzobisthiazole) polymers exhibit excellent
heat distortion temperatures and solvent resistance, but
are difficult to process and quite expensive.
What are needed are fibers useful in compo~ites
25 which exhibit good solvent resistance and heat
distortion properties, are processible, and prepared
from materials which have reasonable co~ts. What are
further needed are ~uch fibers with high ~trength.
The invention i~ a crystalline fiber compri~ing
syndiotactic polystyrene, or a mixture of syndiotactic
polystyrene and isotactic polystyrene. Preferably the
fiber is a high strength fiber of isotactic polystyrene
and syndiotactic polystyrene wherein the fiber is
monoaxially oriented, has a ten~ile strength of
36,514-F -2-
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1 335030
10,000 psi or greater, and a modulus of 1,000,000 psi or
greater.
In another a~pecl ~he invention is a proces~
for the preparation of fiber~ of syndiotactic
polystyrene, or a mixture of isotactic polystyrene and
syndiotactio polystyrene which comprises:
A. contacting syndiotactic polystyrene, or a
mixture of isotactic polystyrene and syndiotactic
polystyrene with a solvent for the poly~tyrene at
elevated temperatures under conditions such that a
homogeneous solution is formed which has sufficient
viscosity to be extruded;
B. extruding the solution through an orifice to
form a fiber at elevated temperatures;
C. quenching the fiber by passing the fiber through
one or more zones under conditions such that the
fiber solidifie~;
D. removing the solvent for the polystyrene from
the fiber; and
E. cooling the fiber to ambient temperature.
In the embodiment where it is desirable to
prepare high strength fibers, the fibers are further
exposed to the following process steps:
3 F. heating the fiber to a temperature above the
glass transition temperature of the polystyrene;
36,514-F -3-
1 335030
G. redrawing the fiber to elongate the fiber,
maximize crystallinity, and induce monoaxial
orientation of the polystyrene in the fiber.
The fibers of this invention exhibit excellent
solvent resistance and heat distortion properties, and
may be processed and prepared with relative ease. The
starting materials used to prepare these fibers can be
prepared at a relatively low cost.
The fibers of this invention may be prepared
from ~yndiotactic polystyrene or a mixture of
syndiotactic and isotactic polystyrene. Syndiotactic
polyqtyrene is polystyrene whereby the phenyl groups
which are pendent from the chain alternate with respect
to which side of the chain the phenyl group is pendent.
In other words, every other phenyl group is on the
oppoqite side of the chain. Isotactic polystyrene haq
all of the phenyl rings on the same side of the chain.
Note that standard poly~tyrene iq referred to as
atactic, meaning it has no stereoregularity, and the
placement of the phenyl groups from the styrene with
respect to each side of the chain is random, irregular,
and follows no pattern.
The fibers of this invention are monoaxially
oriented to improve the tensile strength and modulus of
the fibers. Preferably the fibers have a tensile
strength of 10,000 psi or greater, more preferably
20,000 psi or greater and most preferably 30,000 psi or
greater. The fibers of this invention preferably have a
modulus of 1,000,000 psi or greater, more preferably
2,500,000 psi or greater, and most preferably 5,000,000
psi or greater. The fibers of this invention may be
extruded into any size, shape or length desired.
36,514-F -4-
1 335030
Preferably the fibers of this invention have a heat
distortion temperature of 150C or greater, more
preferably 170C or greater and most preferably 190C or
greater. Preferably the fibers of this invention have a
crystalline melting temperature of 200C or greater,
more preferably 220C or greater, and most preferably
240C or greater.
Isotactic and syndiotactic polystyrene may be
prepared by methods well known in the art. For
procedures for the preparation of isotactic polystyrene,
see Natta et al., Makromol. Chem., Vol. 28, p. 253
(1958). For procedures for the preparation of
syndiotactic polystyrene, see Japanese Patent 104818
(1987) and Chshihaora, Macromolecules, 19 (9), 2464
(1986).
The fibers of this invention may be prepared by
a solution spinning proces~, or melt spin process. In
the solution ~pinning proce~s, the polystyrene i~
contacted with a ~olvent for the polystyrene at elevated
temperatures. The weight percent of the polystyrene in
the solvent should be such that there is sufficient
viscosity to extrude the polymer. If the viscosity is
too low the fibers coming out of the extruder will have
no phy~ical integrity, and if the viscosity i~ too high
the mixture is not extrudable. Preferably the solution
ha~ an upper limit on viscosity at the extrusion sheer
rate of 1,000,000 poise, more preferably 500,000 poise
3 and most preferably 100,000 poise. Preferably the
solution has a lower limit on vi~cosity at the extrusion
sheer rate of 100 poise, more preferably 1,000 poise and
most preferably 10,000 poise.
36,514-F _5_
1 335030
The polystyrene molecular weight should be
~ufficient such that fibers with reasonable integrity
may be formed. The preferred upper limit on molecular
weight (Mn) is 4,000,000, with 1,000,000 being more
preferred. The preferred lower limit on molecular
weight (Mn) is 200,000, with 400,000 being more
preferred. Preferably the mixture or solution which is
extruded contains up to 40 weight percent of
polystyrene, more preferably between about 3 and
3 weight percent of polystyrene and most preferably
between 5 and 15 percent polystyrene. The amount of
polystyrene which may be dissolved in the various
solvents is dependent upon the molecular weight, of the
poly~tyrene as the molecular weight of the polystyrene
goes up the weight percent of the polystyrene which may
go into solution may be lower.
The temperature at which the material~ are
contacted is such temperature at which the solution has
~ufficient viscosity to be extrudable and which doe~ not
degrade the poly~tyrene. The upper temperature i~
either the degradation temperature of the polystyrene or
the boiling point of the solvent, and the lower
temperature is that temperature at which the mixture is
a single phase liquid. Above 250C the polystyrene
undergoes degradation. The upper temperature for the
mixing step is preferably 275C, and more preferably
160C. The lower temperature for the mixing step is
preferably 100C and more preferably 140C.
It is desirable, although not essential, that
the hot solution of polymer in solvent becomes
gelatinous, or more preferably a rigid gel, when it i~
cooled to lower temperatures. Solutions of syndiotactic
polystyrene usually readily form gels, when they are
36,514-F -6-
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1 335030
cooled to lower temperature~ otactic poly~tyrene
solutions may also form gel~ under such condition~. The
ability to form gel~ from ~GI~tiQns containing both
~yndiotactic and i~otactic polymers can often be
controlled to advantage by selection of the proper ratio
of each polymer and the ~election of the proper solvent.
Where a fiber i~ to be prepared from both ~yndiotactic
polystyrene and isotactic poly~tyrene the ratio of
~yndiotactic poly~tyrene to i~otactic polystyrene in the
blend i~ any ratio which give~ fiber with ~tructural
integrity and i~ preferably between 0.1 (1:1) and
20 (3:1), more preferably between 1 and 3, mo~t
preferably between 0.75 and 1.25.
1~ Solvent~ u~eful in thi~ invention are those
which are a liquid at extru~ion temperatures and which
di~olve a ~ufficient amount of the polymer to re~ult in
a ~olution vi~cous enough to extrude. Preferred
~olvent~ include ~ub~tituted benzene~ of the formula~
(R1) ~ or (R2)b ~ C-R3)C
wherein
Rl i~ alkyl, hydrogen, cycloalkyl, halo, or
nitro;o
R i~ alkyl;
R3 i~ aryl, alkyl, carboxyaryl, or alkoxy;
a i~ an integer of from 1 to 3
36,514-F -7-
-8- l 3 3 ~ ~ 3 ~
b i~ an integer of from O to 3
c is an integer of from l to 2.
Other preferred ~olvent~ include alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl
or aralkyl 3ub~tituted pyrrolidinone~;
chloronaphthalene~; hydrogenated and partially
hydrogenated naphthalenes; aryl ~ub~tituted phenols;
ethers of the formula
~--o-R4
wherein R4 i~ alkyl cycloalkyl or aryl; diphenyl
sulfone; benzyl alcohol; caprolactam; alkyl aliphatic
e~ters containing a total of from 7 to 20 carbon atoms;
alkyl aryl 3ub~tituted formamide~; dicyclohexyl;
terphenyls; partially hydrogenated terphenyl~; and
mixture~ of terphenyl~ and quaterphenyl~.
Preferred ~ub~tituted benzene ~olvent~ include
o-dichlorobenzene, 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-
trichlorobenzene, xylene, nitrobenzene, acetophenone,
methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate, diphenyl phthalate,
benzil, methyl ~alicylate, benzophenone, cyclohexyl
benzene, n-butylbenzene, n-propylbenzene, phenol, and
dimethyl phthalate. Example~ of preferred ether~
include phenetole (phenyl ethyl ether), diphenyl ether,
3 and ani~ole. Example~ o~ preferred pyrrolidinone
~olvent~ include 1-benzyl pyrrolidinone, 1-cyclohexyl
pyrrolidinone, l-ethyl pyrrolidinone, l-methyl
pyrrolidinone, and 1-phenyl pyrrolidinone. More
preferred pyrrolidinone solvent~ include the alkyl and
cycloalkyl sub~tituted pyrrolidinone~. Even more
36,514-F -8-
1 33~030
preferred pyrrolidinone solvents include l-cyclohexyl
pyrrolidinone, 1-ethyl pyrrolidinone and 1-methyl
pyrrolidinone. Preferred ether solvents include anisole
and diphenyl ether. Preferred hydrogenated naphthalene
solvents include decahydronaphthalene (decalin) and
tetrahydronaphthalene (tetralin). Examples of
terphenyls and partially hydrogenated terphenyls
preferred include partially hydrogenated terphenyls,
available from Monsanto under the tradename
Therminol~ 66; mixed terphenyls and quaterphenyls,
available from Monsanto under the tradename
Therminol~ 75; and mixed terphenyls available from
Monsanto under the Santowax~ R tradename.
More preferred aliphatic esters are those
methyl aliphatic esters with a total of from 10 to 14
carbon atom~, with methyl laurate being mo~t preferred.
More preferred solvents include 1,2,3-
trichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, 1-ethyl-2-
pyrrolidinone, l-methyl pyrrolidinone, 1-cyclohexyl-2-
pyrrolidinone, acetophenone, anisole, benzil,
benzophenone, benzyl alcohol, caprolactam,
decahydronaphthalene, tetrahydronaphthalene, diphenyl
ether, ethyl benzoate, methyl ~alicylate, ortho-
dichlorobenzene, mixed terphenyls and partially
hydrogenated terphenyl~. Even more preferred solvents
include 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene, 1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone,
anisole, tetrahydronaphthalene, and ortho-
3 dichlorobenzene. The most preferred solvent is ortho-
dichlorobenzene.
Once the mixture ha~ been prepared it is
extruded through a die of a desired shape, usually a
circular die, into the form of a fiber. The extrusion
36,514-F _g_
-10- 1 3 3 5 0 3 0
is performed at elevated temperatures, the upper limit
on the temperature is the lower of the boiling point of
the solvent or the degrada~ion temperature of the
polystyrene. The lower limit on temperature is the
lowest temperature at which the mixture is a ~ingle
pha~e homogeneous solution and extrudable. Preferred
upper limit on temperature is 250C, with 160C being
most preferred. The preferred lower limit on
temperature is 100C with 140C being mo~t preferred.
The temperature used to extrude the material is
dependent upon the polymer concentration and molecular
weight of the polystyrene, as the polymer concentration
goes up the temperature neces~ary to extrude the fibers
goes up.
From the extruder the fiber is pas~ed through
one or more quench zones. Such quench zones may be
gaseous quench zone~, liquid quench zones or a
combination thereof. In the quench zones the fiber i~
cooled, solidified and drawn down. In a gaseous quench
zone the fiber i~ pa~ed through a ga~eou~ zone, ~uch
zone may be at a temperature of between 0 and 100C,
preferably the temperature i~ ambient temperature. The
length of the gaseou~ quench zone i~ a~ ~hort as
possible, preferably between 0 and 45.72 cm (18 inches),
more preferably between 0 and 15.24 cm (6 inches). The
preferred gas i~ air. In a liquid quench zone the fiber
i~ cooled and ~olidified, and a portion of the solvent
may be removed from the fiber at this time. The liquid
which may be used for the liquid quench is a liquid
which is a solvent ~or the polystyrene solvent but which
does not dis~olve the polystyrene~ Preferred quench
zone materials include water, lower alcohols,
halogenated hydrocarbons, and perhalogenated carbon
36,514-F -10-
1 33503û
compound~. Perhalogenated carbon compound~ are
material~ with a carbon backbone wherein all of the
hydrogen atoms have been replaced with halogen atoms.
Preferred quench materials include water and lower
alcohols with lower alcohol~ being most preferred.
Preferred lower alcohols are C1_4 alcohol~. The lower
limit on the temperature of a liquid quench zone i~ that
temperature at which the quench material freeze~. The
upper limit on the temperature of a liquid quench zone
i~ the lower of the boiling point of the ~olvent, or
that temperature above which the fiber does not undergo
solidification when in contact with the quench material.
Preferably the upper limit on temperature i~ 80 and
more preferably 30C. Preferably the lower limit on
temperature is 0C.
In a preferred embodiment, the quench zone
compri~e~ an air quench zone and a liquid quench zone.
In the air quench zone the fiber undergoes partial
~olidification and los~ of ~ome of the ~olvent, and in
the liquid quench zone ~olidification i~ completed and
more of the solvent i~ removed. During the quench
period the fiber is al~o drawn down. Preferably the
lower limit on the draw down i~ from 10:1, more
preferably 50:1. Preferably the upper limit on the draw
down i~ 100:1. Drawing down means the fibers are
~tretched ~uch that the cros~ sectional area of the
fiber i~ smaller at the end of the proce~ and the draw
down ratio i~ the ratio of the beginning cross sectional
area to the final cro~s ~ectional area. The residence
time of the fiber in a liquid quench bath i~ preferably
greater or equal to 1 ~econd, more preferably between
1 and 10 seconds.
36,514-F -11-
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After quenching the fiber, the fiber is
subjected to a leach step wherein the remainder of the
solvent in the fiber is removed. The material in which
the leaching occurs i~ a material which is a ~olvent for
the polystyrene solvent and which does not di~solve the
poly~tyrene. The material~ which may be u~ed in the
leach are the ~ame material~ which may be u~ed in a
liquid quench. Temperatures of the leach bath are tho~e
temperatures at which the remaining solvent in the
fibers is sub~tantially removed. Preferably the
leaching occurs at ambient temperatures, between 20 and
40C more preferably between 20 and 30C. The residence
time in the leach bath is sufficient time ~uch that the
~olvent is substantially removed. Preferably the
residence time and leach bath is greater then 30
seconds, more preferably between 1 minute and 48 hours
and most preferably between 1 minute and 2 hours. The
leach may either be performed in a continuou~ on-line
process, or may be performed in a batch fa~hion. The
re~idence time is dependent upon the particular solvent,
the fiber size, and the kinetic~ for removing the
solvent from the ~iber.
After forming the fiber and removing the
solvent the fiber i~ then allowed to cool to ambient
temperature.
When it is de~ired to improve the strength of
the fiber, the fiber is reheated to a temperature at
3 which the fiber can be redrawn. It is in the redraw
proce~s that the fiber is oriented such that the fiber
has monoaxial orientation. The fiber is heated to a
temperature between its gla~s transition temperature and
its melting point. Preferable upper temperature~ are
280C or below and more preferably 270C or below.
36,514-F -12-
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1 3~5030
Preferable lower temperatures are 150C or above and
more preferably 250C or above. Thereafter the fiber is
redrawn by stretching ~he fiber with tension; this is
usually performed by running the fibers over a set of
godets wherein the latter godets are going at a much
faster rate than the earlier godets. The fiber is
elongated at a ratio of between 1.5:1 and 10:1.
Preferably the rate of elongation is 1 foot per minute
or less. The redraw occurs while the fiber is at or
near the temperature to which it was preheated. The
fiber may be drawn in one or more stages with the
options of using different temperatures, draw rates, and
draw ratios in each stage.
In another embodiment, the fibers of this
invention may be prepared by a melt spin process. In
the melt spin process, the neat polymer is heated to a
temperature between its crystal melting point and the
temperature at which the polymer undergoes degradation.
The particular temperature depends upon whether
~yndiotactic poly~tyrene or a mixture of i~otactic and
syndiotactic polystyrene is used. Generally the crystal
melting temperature of isotactic polystyrene is somewhat
lower than that of syndiotactic polystyrene. The neat
polymer is first melted to a temperature at which the
material has ~ufficient viscosity to extrude. The
viscosity should be high enough such that the fiber
extruded has integrity yet not so high that the polymer
is too viscous to be extruded. The preferred upper
limit on viscosity is 1 x 106 poise (3.6 x 106 kg/m-hr),
with 5 x 105 poise (1.8 x 106 kg/m-hr3 more preferred,
and 1 x 105 poise (3.6 x 105 kg/m-hr) most preferred.
The preferred lower limit on viscosity is
1 x 102 poise (7.6 x 102 kg/m-hr), with 1 x 103 poise
36,514-F -13-
~ 335030
-14-
(3.6 x 103 kg/m-hr) more preferred, and 1 x 104 poise
(3.6 x 104 kg/m-hr) most preferred. The molecular
weight of the polystyrene should be suc~ that fibers of
reasonable integrity may be formed. The preferred upper
limit on molecular weight (Mn) i9 4 x 106, with 3 x 106
being more preferred, and 2 x 106 most preferred. The
preferred lower limit on molecular weight is 2 x 105,
with 5 x 105 being more preferred and l x 106 most
preferred. Preferably the polymer is melted to a
temperature of between 270 and 300C. Thereafter the
fiber is extruded at such temperatures. Preferred
extrusion temperatures are between 270 and 300C.
Thereafter the fiber is passed through a quench zone.
The quench zone may be either a gaseous quench zone or a
liquid quench zone. For a melt extrusion generally an
air quench zone is preferred. The air quench zone is
generally long enough to quench and solidify the fiber.
Such zone is preferably 30.48 and 182.88 cm (between
1 and 6 feet). The temperature of the quench zone can
be any temperature at which the fiber undergoe~ a
reasonable rate of cooling and solidification. The
preferred lower temperature is about 0, most preferably
20. The preferred upper temperature is 100C, most
preferably 50C. During the quench period the fiber is
drawn down from between 10:1 to 100:1. After the quench
period, the fiber is allowed to cool to ambient
temperature~. To prepare high strength fibers, the
fiber is thereafter heated to between the Tg of the
polymer and the melting point of the polymer. The
preferred upper temperature is 280C with 270C being
most preferred. The preferred lower temperature is
preferably 150C, and more preferably 160C. While the
fiber is still between its Tg and its melting tempera-
ture the fiber is redrawn as described previously. The
36,514-F -14-
1 335030
slower the rate the better the orientation and stronger
the fiber will be. Generally the elongation will be up
to a ratio Gf 4 to l.
The fibers of thi~ invention as discussed
before can be incorporated into composite~. The methods
for such incorporation and the composites in which the
fibers can be used in are well known to those ~killed in
the art.
The following examples are included for
illustrative purpo~e~ only. Unless otherwise ~tated all
parts and percentage~ are by weight.
Example 1
Six percent isotactic polystyrene, 6 percent
~yndiotactic poly~tyrene, and 88 percent o-dichloro-
benzene are mixed at 120C for 10 minute~. The
resulting mixture, containing dissolved and partially
di~olved polymer, i~ added to the melt pot of a pot
extruder. Thi~ mixture i~ then heated to 170C and
~tirred for one hour under a nitrogen atmosphere. The
mixture is then extruded at 110C through a 1.0 mm
diameter spinnerette into a methanol bath to form a gel
fiber. The fiber is collected and extracted in methanol
for 24 hour~ to remove the o-dichlorobenzene. The
extracted fiber is ~tretched 350 percent at 100C to
produce a fiber with a tensile ~trength of 10,700 p~i
and a modulu~ of 1,300,000 p~i with an elongation of
1.9 percent.
Example 2
Seven percent i~otactic polystyrene, 3 percent
syndiotactic polystyrene, and 90 percent o-dichloro-
36,514-F _15_
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benzene are mixed at 120C for 10 minutes. The
resulting mixture, containing dissolved and partially
dissolved polymer, is added to the melt pot of a pot
extruder. This mixture is then heated to 170C and
stirred for one hour under a nitrogen atmosphere. The
mixture is then extruded at 110C through a 1.0 mm
diameter spinnerette into a methanol bath to form a gel
fiber. The fiber is collected and extracted in methanol
for 24 hours to remove the o-dichlorobenzene. The
extracted fiber is stretched at a ratio between 3:1 and
4:1 at 150C to produce a fiber with a tensile strength
of 23,000 psi and a modulu~ of 500,000 psi. The final
elongation is 25 percent.
Example 3
Three point five (3.5) percent isotactic
polystyrene, 1.5 percent syndiotactic polystyrene, and
95 percent o-dichlorobenzene are mixed at 120C for 10
minutes. The resulting mixture, containing dissolved
and partially dissolved polymer, is added to the melt
pot of a pot extruder. This mixture i~ then heated to
170C and stirred for one hour under a nitrogen
atmosphere. The mixture is then extruded at 130C
through a 1.0 mm diameter spinnerette into a methanol
bath to form a gel fiber. The fiber is collected and
extracted in methanol for 24 hours to remove the o-
dichlorobenzene. The extracted fiber is stretched
900 percent at 150C to produce a fiber with a ten~ile
3 strength of 14,000 p~i and a modulus of 1,300,000 psi.
Example 4
Five percent isotactic polystyrene, 5 percent
syndiotactic polystyrene, and 90 percent o-dichloro-
36,514-F -16-
~ -17- 1 33503~
benzene are mixed at 120C for 10 minute~. The
re~ulting mixture, containing di~olved and partially
dissolved polymer, i~ added t~ the melt pot of a pot
extruder. Thi~ mixture is then heated to 170C and
stirred for one hour under a nitrogen atmosphere. The
mixture i~ then extruded at 110C through a 1.0 mm
diameter ~pinnerette into a methanol bath to form a gel
fiber. The fiber is collected and extracted in methanol
for 24 hours to remove the o-dichlorobenzene. The
extracted fiber i~ ~tretched 300 percent at 130C to
produce a fiber with a ten~ile ~trength of 29,000 psi
and a modulu~ of 2,700,000 p~i with a final elongation
of 2.2 percent.
Example 5
Seven percent syndiotactic poly~tyrene, and
93 percent o-dichlorobenzene are mixed at 120C for 10
minute~. The resulting mixture, containing dissolved
and partially di~olved polymer, i~ added to the melt
pot of a pot extruder. This mixture is then heated to
170C and ~tirred for one hour under a nitrogen
atmosphere. The mixture is then extruded at 110C
through a 1.0 mm diameter ~pinnerette into a methanol
bath to form a gel fiber. The fiber is collected and
extracted in methanol for 24 hours to remove the o-
dichlorobenzene. The extracted fiber i~ stretched
200 percent at 150C to produce a fiber with a tensile
~trength of 10,000 p~i and a modulu~ of 1,300,000 p~i.
Example 6
Syndiotactic poly~tyrene, with a molecular
weight of 300,000 Mw, is placed in the heating zone of
an extruder and heated to 250C. The polystyrene is
36,514-F -17-
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l 335030
extruded at 250C through a l.0 mm diameter spinnerette
into an air quench zone. The fiber after quenching i~
taken up and allowed to cool to ambient temperature.
The fiber exhibits a tensile strength of 15,000 psi, and
a modulus of 1,200,000 psi with a final elongation of
5.6 percent.
Example 7
Syndiotactic poly~tyrene, with a molecular
weight of 700,000 Mw, i~ placed in the heating zone of
an extruder and heated to 260C. The poly~tyrene is
extruded at 260C through a 1.0 mm diameter spinnerette
into an air quench zone. The fiber after quenching is
taken up and allowed to cool to ambient temperature.
The fiber is redrawn 100 percent at 180C. The fiber
exhibits a tensile strength of 19,000 p~i, and a modulu~
of 830,000 psi with a final elongation of 4.1 percent.
Example 8
Syndiotac'cic poly~tyrene, with a molecular
weight of 700,000 Mw, is placed in the heating zone of
an extruder and heated to 260C. The polystyrene is
extruded at 260C through a 1.0 mm diameter spinnerette
into an air quench zone. The fiber after quenching is
taken up and allowed to cool to ambient temperature.
The fiber is redrawn 160 percent at 280C. The fiber
exhibits a tensile strength of 15,000 psi, and a modulus
of 950,000 p~i with a final elongation of 3.9 percent.
Example 9
Syndiotactic polystyrene, with a molecular
weight of 800,000 Mw, is placed in the heating zone of
an extruder and heated to 275C. The polystyrene is
36,514-F -18-
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9 1 335030
extruded at 275C through a 1.0 mm diameter spinnerette
into an air quench zone. The fiber after quenching is
taken up and allowed to cool to ambient temperature.
The fiber exhibit~ a tensile strength of 10,000 p~i, and
a modulus of 410,000 psi with a final elongation of
5 3.7 percent.
Example 10
Syndiotactic poly~tyrene, with a molecular
10 weight of 800,000 Mw, i~ placed in the heating zone of
an extruder and heated to 275C. The poly~tyrene i~
extruded at 275C through a 1.0 mm diameter spinnerette
into an air quench zone. The fiber after quenching i~
taken up and allowed to cool to ambient temperature.
The fiber i~ redrawn 50 percent at 280C. The fiber
exhibit~ a tensile ~trength of 8,000 p~i, and a modulu~
of 470,000 p~i with a final elongation of 2.1 percent.
Example 11
Syndiotactic poly~tyrene, with a molecular
weight o~ 3,000,000 Mw, i~ placed in the heating zone of
an extruder and heated to 300C. The poly~tyrene i~
extruded at 300C through a l.0 mm diameter ~pinnerette
25 into an air quench zone. The fiber after quenching is
taken up and allowed to cool to ambient temperature.
The fiber exhibit-~ a tensile ~trength of 12,000 p~i, and
a modulu~ of 450,000 p~i with a final elongation of
30 6.3 percent.
Example 12
Syndiotactic polystyrene, with a molecular
weight of 3,000,000 Mw, i~ placed in the heating zone of
an extruder and heated to 300C. The poly~tyrene i~
36,514-F -19-
-20- 1 3 3 ~ ~ 3 ~
extruded at 300C through a 1.0 mm diameter spinnerette
into an air quench zone. The fiber after quenching i~
taken up and allowed to cool to ambient temperature.
The fiber i~ redrawn 50 percent at 280C. The fiber
exhibit~ a ten~ile ~trength of 14,000 p~i, and a modulu~
of 700,000 p~i with a final elongation of 3.8 percent.
Example 13
Mixtures consi~ting of approximately five
10 weight percent polymer, either in variou~ organic
compounds are prepared in two dram-capacity gla~ vials
that are sub~equently sealed with aluminum Poil liner~.
The mixture~ are weighed to a preci~ion of one
milligram. The vial~ are placed in an air-circulating
oven at about 125-140C. Di~olution behavior i~
ob~erved by transmitted light at close range from an A0
univer~al micro~cope illuminator at progre~ively
increa~ing temperature~ until complete di~solution i~
20 observed, until the boiling point of the solvent i~
clo~ely approached, or until 300C i~ reached (the
approximate ceiling temperature of the poly~tyrene).
The temperature i~ increa~ed in about 25C increment~.
The mixture~ are allowed to remain at a given
25 temperature for at lea~t about 30 minute~ before the
temperature i~ increa~ed further. The hot mixture~ were
cooled to room temperature; their appearance was noted
after they were allowed to ~tand undi~turbed overnight
at room temperature. The result~ are compiled in Table
3 I. The polymer noted a~ "IPS42" refers to a ~ample of
i~otactic poly~tyrene with a visco~ity average molecular
weight in exces~ of 2.6 x 106 dalton~ and contains about
9.4 percent atactic poly~tyrene (i.e., polymer
extractable with hot methyl ethyl ketone~. The polymer
noted a~ "SYNDI02" i~ a sample of syndiotactic
36,514-F -20-
-21- 1 335030
polystyrene with a weight-average molecular weight of
about 5.6 x 105 daltons. The polymer noted as "SYNDI0"
is a sample of syndiotactic polystyrene with a l~wer
molecular weight.
3o
36,514-F -21-
w
I'OLYMl~l~ Wc~r , SOLVKNT APPKOX. rr'MP SOI.UBII ITY Alll'llAl~ANCr ATKOOM'I'UMI'
IPS42 5.01 1,2,3-lrichlorob~nYene 218 191 Soluble Hard opaque solid
IPS42 5.08 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 214 190 Partly soluble
If'S42 5.08 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 214 202 Soluble Clear liquid
II'S42 5.14 1-benzyl-2-pyrrolidinone 420 275 Soluble Amberclearviscousiluid
II'S42 5.14 1 -henzyl-2-l)yrrolidinone 420 250 l'artly ~oluble
IPS42 5.83 l-chloronaphthalene 258 225 Partly solublc
IPS42 5.83 1-chloronaphlhalene 258 250 Soluble Clear moderately viscous fluid
IPS-~2 5.24 1-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidinone 301 200 I'artly soluble
TPS42 5.24 1 -cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidinone 301 224 Soluble Amber clear thin jelly
IPS42 5.21 1-eLhyl-2-pyrrolidinone206 141 Swollen gel
IPS42 5.21 1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone206 190 Soluble Yellow clear viscous ~luid (~
IPS42 5.02 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone 202 190 Partly soluble
IPS42 5.02 1 mclhyl-2-pyrrolidillone 202 202 Solublc YellowcleL~rviscou~lluid
IPS42 5.09 1-ptleIlyl-2-pyrrolidinone 345 250 Mo~tly soluble
II'S42 5.09 1 -phenyl-2-pyrrolidinone 345 274 Soluble Brown hard solid
II'S42 25.29 4-phenylphenol 321 231 Soluble Opaque solid
w
,~ POl.YMER WGT % SOLVENT B.P, DEG C SOLUBILITY APPEARANCEATROOMT~MP
IPS42 5.09 4-phenylphenol 321 200 Soluble l'an opaque hard solid
IPS42 5 18 ilcctophenone 202 202 Soluble Clear liquid
IPS4:2 5.]8 acelophenone 202 190 Partly ~oluble
IPS42 5.21 allisole 154 154 Soluble Clear viscous fiuid
Il'S42 5.19 bcn~il 347 200 Soluble Clear yellow viscous fluid
IPS42 5.19 benzil 347 150 PartiaJly soluble
II'S42 5.08 bcrl~ophcnone 305 202 Soluble Clear yellow moderately vi9cous lluid
IPS42 5.08 benzophenone 305 190 I'artly ~oluble
IPS42 5.42 b~nzyl alcohol 205 190 Almost soluble
II'S42 5.42 bcnzyl alcohol 205 204 Soluble Cloudy firm gel
IPS42 4.97 butyl stearate 343 275 I'artly soluble
IPS42 4.97 butyl stcarate 343 299 llazy & soluble?? Opaque non-homogeneou~ ~emisolid
IPS42 5.09 caprolactam (epsilon) 271 211 Soluble Opaque hard solid
IPS42 25.12 caprolactam (epsilon) 271 231 Soluble o
Il'S42 4.96 dccahydronaphthalene(decalin) 190 190 Soluble llazyliquidwithbottomgellayer ~
,~ POLYMER WGT % SOLVENT B.P, DEG C SOLUBILITY APPEARANCEATRO()MTEMP
IPS42 5.19 dimethyl phthalate 282 190 Soluble Clear liquid
II'S42 4.95 diocLyl pthalatc 384 209 13adly swollen
IPS42 4.95 dioctyl pthalate 384 298 lIazy & soluble?? I lazy stiff gel
II~S42 5.31 diptlcnyl elher 259 190 T'artly soluble
II'S42 5.31 diphcnyl ether 259 202 Soluble Clear moderately viscous fluid
IPS42 5.19 diphcnyl sulfone 379 166 Almost solublc
IPS42 5.19 diphenylsulfone 379 200 Soluble Lighttanopaquehardsolid
IPS42 5.01 cthyl benzoate 212 202 Soluble Clear moderately viscous fluid
II'S42 5.01 ethyl bcnzoate 212 190 Partly soluble
II'S42 5.10 11B-40(Monsanto) 325 250 Soluble Yellowclearviscousfluid
IPS42 5.10 1IB-40 (Monsanto) 325 225 Partly soluble
II'S42 5.05 mc~ilylcnc(l~3~5-trimethylbenzene) 163 161 Almostsoluble llazyviscousgelatinous~uid
IPS42 5.25 methyl benzoate 199 190 Partly soluble ~
IPS42 5.25 mcthyl bcnzoatc 199 202 Soluble Clear liquid W
IPS42 5.08 methyl laurate 262 202 Almost soluble
IPS42 5.08 mcthyl laurate 262 225 Soluble Cloudy rigid gel
w
I'OI.YMI~R MG~ SOLVENT B.P.,DEG DEG C :iOl.Ul~ll.lTY APPEAI~AN(`~:ATR(~OMTklMI'
IPS42 5.05 methyl salicylate 222 190 ~artly soluble
IPS42 5.05 melhyl salicylate 222 202 Soluble llazy modcralcly viscous fluid
IPS42 5.01 mcthylmyristute ~23 298 llazy & soluble?? White opaque sti~gcl
IPS42 5.01 melhyl myri~tate 323 209 Alnloslsolllblc
II'S42 5.09 mclhyl stcarale 359 249 Mo~lly ~olublc
IPS42 5.09 mclhyl slearale 359 299 llazy & sollll)lc?? I'alc yellow hard solid
I~S42 5.09 mclhyl stearate 359 275 ll~zy & soluble?? -
I[~S42 5.07 niltobcnzene 211 202 I'arlly:;oluble Ycllowclearmodcratelyviscousfluid
II'S42 5.14 N,N-dimelhylacetamide 165 166 Soluble Clear fluid with white ppt.
Il'S42 5.14 N N-dimelhyl~cetamide 165 151 Almostsoluble
ll'S~2 5.08 N,N dimethylformamide 153 151 Almoslsolul)le Whileopaqueslush
IPS42 5.04 N,N diphcl1ylformamide 337 2~9 S~luble l,ightbrownsolid ~
IPS42 5.04 N,N-diphenylformamide 337 225 ~elalinous o
ll'S42 5.l6 oclyl accla~c 211 189 ~Imoslsolublc
Il'S42 5.16 oclyl acetale 211 209 lla~y & s~luble?? Milky suspension
a~
P(~l,YM(~II C(G)N.c~, SOLVEN'r APPIIOX. T 1~ Al'l'EAl~ANCEA'l'EOOM'(`l~MI'
IPS42 9.86 o-dichlorobenzene 180 179 Soluble Clear fluid
IPS42 5.04 Santowax R (Monsanto)364 166 Gel~linous
lI'Sd~2 5.04 Santow~x R (Monsanto)364 200 Soluble Tan hard solid
Il'S42 24.89 sulfolane 285 241 Soluble Sof~, opaque solid
II'S42 4.86 sulfolane 285 240 Soluble Opaque solid gel
IPS42 5.14 letrahydronaphthalene(tetralin) 207 141 Aln~ostsoluble
IPS42 5.14 tetrahydronaphthalene(tetralin) 207 190 Soluble Yellowclearliquid
IPS42 5.24 Therminol 66 (Monsanto) 340 225 Partly solul)le
IPS42 5.24 'I`herminol 66 (Monsanto) 340 250 Soluble Yellow clear viscous fluid
Il'S42 5.08 Thcrlllinol 75 (Monsanto) 385 200 Soluble Yellow rubbery elastic gel/solid
IPS42 5.08 Therminol 75 (Monsanto) 385 166 Gelatinous
IPS42 5.09 xylene 141 141 Partly soluble Ha~y jelly
MlX l'UR13~ MIXT~IRE~*I-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidinone 301 275 Soluble Amber hazy modera~ely stiff gel
MIXTURI1J* MIXTUR~* I-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidinone 301 259 Almo~t soluble
SYNI)IO 4.72 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene214 211 Soluble Cloudysoftgel
SYNI)IO 5.19 I-benzyl-2-pyrrolidinone420 211 Soluble Amberclearfirmgel
Ol.YMhl~ waT I solv::Nr E.l',DEC C SOLUBll.l'l'Y APPE:AllANC~:ATUl)OM'lhMI'
SYNDIO 4.86 1-chloronapht~ lene 250 211 Soluble Firm hazy gel
SYNI)IO 5.08 1-cyclohcxyl-2 pyrrolidinonc 301 200 Solllhlc Ambcrsortgel
SYNI)IO 4.95 1-phenyl-2-pyrrolidinone 345 200 Soluble Opaque hard solid
SYNI)IO 4.97 4-phenylphenol 321 211 Soluble Opaque hard solid
SYNDIO 25.12 4-phenylphenol 321 221 Soluble Opaque solid
SYNDIO 5.16 benzil 347 211 Soluble Yellowhardsolid
SYNnlO 5.02 benzophenone 305 200 Soluble Clear firnl gel
SYN l)lO 4.70 caprolactam (epsilon) 271 211 Solul)le Opaquc hard solid
SYNI)IO 24.94 caprolactam (epsilon) 271 221 Suluble Opaque hard solid
SYNI)I() 5.29 diphcnyl cther 259 211 Soluble 11'irm hazy gel
SYNDIO 5.35 diphenyl sulfone 379 231 Soluble Opaque h~rd solid
SYNI)IO 5.08 N,N-diphenylformamide 337 200 Soluble Opaque hard solid
SYNI)IO 5.21 o-dichlorobenzene 180 171 Soluble ~irm hazy gel W
SYNI)IO 4.77 sulfolane 285 217 Not soluble ~
SYNI)IO 4.77 sulîolanc 285 231 Soluble l,iquid slush W
SYNDI02 5.09 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene 218 150 Soluble Whiteopaquehardsolid~
I'OLYMI~ WGT I SOLV~NT B.P, DBG C SOLUBILITY AP~EAIIANCEA~ROO!~TEMP
SYND102 5.14 1,2,4-trichlorobPn7.~n~ 214 136 Soluble Cloudy stiffgel
SYNl)l02 5.58 1-benzyl-2-pyrrolidinone 420 224 Soluhle Amber hazy stif~gel
SYND102 5.58 1-benzyl-2-pyrrolidinone 420 200 Partly soluble
SYNl)102 5.26 I-chloronaphthalcne 258136 Soluble Hazystiffgel
SYNDIO2 5.16 1-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidinone 301 136 Parlly soluble
SYNDIO2 5.16 1-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidinone 301 150 Soluble Amber soft hazy gel
SYNI)102 5.13 1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone 296 161 Soluble Pale yellow opaque slush
SYND102 5.15 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone 202 136 Soluble Cloudy stiffgel
SYNl)102 5.04 1-phenyl-2-pyrrolidinone 345 200 Soluble Tanopaquehardsolid
SYNI)102 5.09 4-phcnylphenol 321225 Soluble White opaque hard solidSYNOlO2 5.09 4-phenylphenol 321200 Almost soluble
SYNI)102 5.13 acetophenone 202165 Soluble Cloudy gel above solid
SYND102 5.13 acetophenone 202150 Almostsoluble W
SYNI)102 5.01 anisulc 154153 Soluble Cloudy stil~gel
SYNI)102 5.04 benzil 347200 Soluble Yellow opaque hard solidSYND102 5.04 benzil 347150 Parli;llly soluble
CONC ,, APPBOX. T~ ' Sol~ulllLlTy AppEARANcl:ArRooMTEMp
I'OLYMER WGT % SOLVENI ., DEG C
SYNI)102 5.05benzophen-)ne 305 188 Soluble Clear stif~gelSYNI)102 5.05benzophenone 305 165 I'artly soluble
SYNI)102 5.67benzyl alcohol 205 190 Almost soluble
SYNI)102 5.67bcn7.yl alcohol 205 204 Soluble White op~(lue sofl gel
SYNI)102 5.12buLylstearate 343 273 Soluble Whileopaque~luid
SYNI)102 5.12butyl slcarale 343 250 I'arlly soluble
SYNI)102 5.09caprolactam (cpsilon) 271 200 Soluble llard solid
SYNI)1()2 fi 10cyclohexanonc 155 150 S{)luble Softgel
SYNI)102 5.20decahydronaphthalene(decalin) 190 188 Almostsoluble Moderatelystif~slush
SYNI)102 5.18dimclhylphlhalate282 200 Partly soluble
SYNI)102 5.18dilllelhylphthalate 282 224 Soluble Whiteopaqueslush
SYNI)102 5.02diphcnyl ether 259 150 Soluble Clear slif~gel
SYNI)102 5 02diphcnylether 259 136 Partlysoluble W
SYNI)102 5.:28diptlcllyl sllll'()nc 379 225 Solublc Pule tan h~ard ~olid ~
SYNI)102 5.19elhyl benzoale 212 165 Almost soluble W
SYNI)102 5.19clhyl bcnz()alc 212 188 Soluble Stif~palc yellow huzy gcl
I.YMI~ WGT $:~ ~iOl.VEN'I' APPNOX ~ MI' I\l'l'hAl~ANI'I~ A'l'l~OOM 'I'I~MI'
SYND102 5 34 El13-40(Monsanto) 325 151 Partlysoluble
SYND102 5.34 ElB-40 (Monsanto) 325 200 Soluble Slightly hazy pale yellow rlrm gel
SYND102 5.13 Mesitylene(1,3,5-trimethyl 163 161 Almoslsoluble Stif~hetero~eneousgel
ben~ene)
SYNI)102 4.97 methyl benzoate 199 150 Soluble Cloudy stil~gel
SYNI)1()2 5.04 meLhyl laurate 262 250 Soluble White opaque slush
SYNI)102 5.04 nletllyl laulaLe 262 224 l~lmoslsolllble
SYNI)102 4.96 methyl myrisl,ate 323 241 Elazy & soluble?? O
323 255 Soluble Opaque white slush
SYNI)1()2 4.96 methyl myrlstate
SYNI)102 5.07 Tnethyl salicylate 222 175 Soluble Cloudy stiffgel
SYNI)102 5.07 n-e~hyl salicylate 222 150 Notsoluble
SYN 1)102 5.06 methyl s~earate 359 273 Soluble Opaque solid
SYNI)102 5.06 n ethyl stearate 359 250 Partly soluble
SYNI)102 5.13 nitrob~nzene 211 151 Soluble Yellowcloudyfirmgel ~rl
SYNI)102 4.82 N,N dimethyl~cet~mill~165 165 NotSoluble Whiteslush
SYNI)1()2 5.04 N,N-diphenylïormamide 337 225 Soluble Brown hard solid
w
,~ I'OI.YMEI~ WGT % SOI.~'ENT DI~G C Sol.U1311.ITY Al'lll:AIU~NCEATl~OOM'l`ICMI'
SYND102 5.04 N,N-diphenylformamide 337 200 Almost soluble
SYNI)102 5.13 o di(:hlorobcnzcne 180 150 Solublc Cloudy stiffgel
SYND102 5.13 o-dichlorobenzene 180 136 Partlysoluble
SYNDIO2 5.00 SantowaxR(Monsanto) 364 166 Partiallysoluble
SYNL1102 5.00 Santowax R (Monsanto) 364 200 Soluble Tan hard solid
SYNI)102 5.00 sulfolane 285 200 Not ~oluble
SYNI)102 5.00 sulfolane 285 249 Soluble Light tan opaque firm gel
w ~.
SYNI)102 5.00 slllrolanc 285 225 l~arlially solllble
SYND102 5.27 telrahydrnn~l~h~ ene (tetralin) 207 136 Soluble Stiffhazy gel
SY N 1)1()2 5.15 'I`h~rminol 66 (Monsanto) 340 200 Soluble Slightly hazy palc yellow soft gel
SYNI)102 5.15 Thelminol66(Monsallto) 340 151 P~rtlysl)luble
SYNI)102 4.99 'I'herminol75(Monsanto) 385 200 Soluble Yellowopaquefirmsolid/gel
SYNI)102 5.25 xylene 141 136 Soluble Moderately s~ white opaque gel W
iPS42 5.01 cyclohcxylbenzene 239 158 Soluble Water-clear liquid ~ r~
I}'S~2 5.00 dicycloh~xyl 227 181 Almost soluble ~_~
IPS42 5.00 dicycloht!xyl 227 200 Soluble Clear liquid with ppt.
, POI.YMA~ WaT ~ SOLVENT ~p, DEG C SOLU~ILITY AppEAEANcEAT~ooMTEMp
IPS42 4.99 methyl caproate 151 151 Mostly dissolved White opaque homogeneous slush
IPS42 4.99 methyl caproate 151 150 lIeavily swollen
IPS42 4.99 methyl caprylate 194 151 Not soluble
IPS42 4.99 mclhylcapryla~e 194 169 lIeavilyswollen
IPS42 4.99 methyl caprylate 194 183 Mostly soluble Opaque white homogene~us slush
JPS42 4.99 melhyl enanthate 172 151 Not soluble
IPS42 4.99 methyl enanthate 172 172 Mostly dissolved Opaque white homogene~.us slush
IPS42 4.99 methyl valerate 128 128 Not soluble Wa~er-clear liquid with polymer 9
selli ment
IPS42 5.00 n-butylbenzene 183 151 Mostly dissolved
II'S42 5.00 n-butylben~.ene 183 169 Soluble Water-clear liquid
IPS42 5.01 n-propylbenzene 159 158 Soluble Clear mod. viscous fluid
IPS42 5.01 n-propylbenzene 159 155 Heavily swollen
IPS42 4.98 phenetole 169 128 Heavily swollen
IPS42 4.98 phenetole 169 151 Mostly dissolved O
IPS42 4.98 phenetole 169 169 Soluble Cle~r pink mod. viscous fluid O
a~
POLYMER WGT % SOLVENT B.P, DEG C SOLUBILITY APPEARANCEATROOMT~:MP
ll'S42 5.08 phenol 182 155 Swollen
Tl'S42 5.08 phenol 182 158 Soluble&viscous Cleardarkorangeviscousfluid
SYND102 4.98 cyclohexylbenzene 239 181 Soluble Cloudyfirmgel
SYNDl02 4.98 cyclohexylhcn7ene 239 158 AlmostSolublc
SYND102 4.99 dicyclohexyl227 200 Mostly soluble
SYNDI02 4.99 dicyclohexyl227 225 Soluble llomogeneous slush
SYNDI02 4.98 n1cthyl c~proate 151 151 Not soluble Clear liquid with solid polymer se~liment
SYNDl02 5.01 methyl caprylate 194 194 Not soluble Milky liquid with solid sedimenl;
SYNDl02 4.94 methyl cnanthate 172 172 Not soluble W;~ter-clear liquid with polymer sediment
SYNl)102 4 99 methyl valerate 128 128 Not soluble Waler-clear liquid with solid se/liment.
SYNDI02 4.96 n-butylhl~n7-ne 182 183 Mostlysolublc Whi~eopaquesoftgel
SYNDl02 4.96 n-butylbenzene 182 169 lleavily swollcn
SYNUI02 4.96 n-bulylbenzene 182 161 Not soluble W
SYNl)102 t;.00 n-propylbenzene 159 158 Soluble White opaque firm gel
SYND102 5.04 phenetole 169 128 Swollen
SYNI)102 5 04 phcnctole 169 150 Soluble llazy pink firm gcl
SYND102 5.35 phenol 182155 Swollen
~Mixtu~ e - S~Jl)I02 ( 3 . 1~% ) + I ~S42 ( . 0~% )
,~ I'OI.YM15R WGT 91, SOI.VENT BP, LBG C B5)LUBII.ITY APPEABAIIC15ATBOOM'1'15MI'
SYND102 5.35 phenol 182 158 Almost soluble
SYNDI02 5.35 phenol 182 181 Soluble Opaque white flrm gel
~Mixture = S~L)I02 (3.1~%) + I S42 ('.0~%)
w
