Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
133S2.~3
SPECIFICATION
A LINING MATERIAL FOR PIPLLINES
Technical Field:
The present invention relates to a lining material
for lining the inner surface of pipelines, such as gas
conduits, city water pipelines, sewage pipelines,
pipelines for laying power transmission wires or
telecommunication cables, and petroleum pipelines,
etc., chiefly those buried in the ground, for the
purpose of maintenance and repairs or reinforcement
thereof.
Background Art:
In recent years, a method of applying a lining
material onto the inner surface of various kinds of
pipelines, such as city water pipelines, sewage pipelines,
gas conduits, pipelines in which are accommodated power
transmission cables or telecommunication cables and oil
pipelines, etc. has been carried out for the purpose of
maintenance and repairs or reinforcement of them when
superannuated. The method of applying a lining material
is carried out in such a manner that a tubular, flexible
lining material whose inner surface has previously been
applied with an adhesive is inserted into a pipeline and
13392~3
allowed to advance therein while turning the lining
material inside out and pressing it against the inner
surface of the pipeline under a fluid pressure whereby
adhesively bonding the inner surface of the lining
material onto the inner surface of the pipeline by the aid
of the adhesive. This method of application is
advantageous in that there is no need for digging up
pipelines already laid over the entire length thereof for
the purpose of application of the liner, and the lining
work can be done within a short period of time for a long
pipeline and also can be applied even to a pipeline having
a number of bends, thus attracting attention especially in
recent years as an extremely excellent method.
A pipeline whose inner surface has been applied
with a lining material is of a construction wherein
another pipe formed by the lining material layer exists in
the outer pipe, i.e., so-called pipe-in-pipe construction,
and therefore even when the outer pipe is damaged by the
action of external forces, the inner pipe formed by the
lining material layer is still intact and effective to
prevent the leakage of the fluid contained therein thereby
ensuring that a flow path for the internal fluid is
secured temporarily.
In such a case, it is required that the pipeline
should have a satisfactory earthquake resistance property
13~g2~
wherein even when the outer pipe :is damaged by external
forces only the inner pipe formed by the layer of the
lining material applied to the inner surface of the outer
pipe is not destroyed and still effective to prevent the
leakage of the fluid therein. Thus, the main phenomena
which take place in the event of the damage or breakdown
of a pipeline include peripheral cracking and fracture of
the pipe and detachment of pipe joints fitted thereto,
and therefore it is required that the lining
material should have a sufficient strength in the
longitudinal direction of the pipe and possess a property
that it can exhibit an elongation of about 10 to 20%.
In the next place, in case a pipeline is damaged
by earthquake etc., external pressures such as underground
water pressure and earth pressure act directly on the
inner pipe formed by the lining material layer, and
therefore it is required that the lining
material should have a strength enough to withstand the
underground water pressure and the earth pressure; that
is, a satisfactory shape retaining property against external
pressures. This shape retaining property against external
pressure contributes to a great degree to the circumferential
bending modulus of elasticity of the lining material
forming the inner pipe. Thus, the greater the bending
modulus of elasticity, the superior the shape retaining
1~3~2 ~3
property of the above-mentioned inner pipe against external
pressures.
Further, in case a fluid under pressure is
transported through the pipeline, it is required that the
inner pipe formed by the lining material layer should have
a strength enough to withstand the internal fluid pressure.
Therefore, the coefficient of expansion in diameter of the inner
pipe due to internal pressure should preferably be as small as
possible. If the coefficient of expansion in diameter of the
inner pipe is high, then further promotion of the damage of the
outer pipe tends to take place.
As for the lining materials which have been u~ed
in the above-mentioned lining method, there are known
those described, for example, in Japanese Laid-Open Patent
Application No. SHO 56-8229, Japanese Laid-Open Utility
Model Application No. SHO 56-3619, Japanese Laid-Open
Patent Application Nos. SHO 59-225921 and 59-225920, etc.
In the lining materials as de~cribed in the above-
mentioned Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application No. SHO 56-
8229 and Japanese Laid-Open Utility Model Application No.
SHO 56-3619, the tubular textile jacket forming part of
the structure thereof is formed by ordinary synthetic
fibers, and therefore a large expansion in diameter of the
lining layer occurs when it is subjected to an internal pressure,
thus creating a risk of increasing the degree of
13~925~
damage of the pipeline when damaged, and because of its
poor shape retaining property against external pressures,
there i~ much possibility of the lining layer being crushed
or ruptured by the action of the earth pressure.
The lining materials as described in Japanese Laid-
Open Patent Application Nos. SHO 59-225921 and 59-225920 are
eachcomprised in combination of a tubular textile jacket
and a tubular unwoven fabric or a knit fabric to ensure
that a satisfactory shape retai-ning property of the lining
layer against external pressuresis obtained by increasing
the thickness thereof, and that the expansion in diameter
of the lining layer is restrained thereby. However, these
lining materials are disadvantageous in that complicated
proces~es are required to manufacture them, and the large
thickness of the lining layer renders the lining operation
per se more difficult.
Object of the Invention:
The present invention has been made in view of
such actual circumstances in the prior art, and has for
its object to provide a lining material for pipelines,
which eliminates the need for increasing the thickness of
the lining material layer beyond the actually required
value and which meets the requirements for lining
materials for pipelines such as enhanced earthquake
13 3 9 2 ~ 3
resistance, shape retaining property against external
pressures and pressure resistance, and also a requirement
that the expan~ion in diameter thereof when subjected to
pressure should be limited.
The first to seventh lining materials provided by
the present invention will now be described hereinafter.
The terms "warp", "weft" and "low elongation high tensile
strength fiber" used herein shall have the following
definition.
The term "warp" used for weaving the tubular
textile jacket, which is described herein, is a yarn laid
in the tubular textile jacket in the longitudinal
direction thereof, whilst the term "weft" is a yarn laid
in the tubular textile jacket in the circumferential
direction thereof.
Further, the term "low elongation high tensile
strength fiber" used herein is a fiber referred commonly
to as "Super Fiber" or "High-Performance Fiber" or "High
Tech Fiber", and examples thereof to be cited are metallic
fiber, glass fiber, carbon fiber, aromatic polyamide
fiber, aromatic polyester fiber, and ultra-high-
polymerization polyethylene fiber, etc. The term "low
elongation high tensile strength yarn" used herein is
meant by a yarn made of these fibers.
Glas~ fibers are obtained by subjecting glass to
13392~3
-- 7
melt spinning, and examples thereof to be cited are E-
glass fiber for general use (density: 2.54 g/cm3, tensile
strength: 350 kg/mm2, ten-Qile modulus: 7,400 kg/mm2,
ultimate elongation: 3.5%) and C-glass fiber having an
improved acid resistance (density: 2.49 g/cm3, tensile
strength: 250 kg/mm2, tenQile modulus: 7,040 kg/mm2,
ultimate elongation: 4.2%).
Carbon f~bers are produced by subjecting organic
fibers to carbonization. Polyacrylonitrile series carbon
fibers are produced from special grade PAN
(polyacrylonitrile) series fibers as a raw material
thereof and occupy the major proportion of the fibers
being produced. The PAN series carbon fibers of a high
tensile strength (HT) type exhibit, for example, a density
of 1.80 g/c~ , a tensile strength of 420 kg/mm2, a tensile
modulus of 24,000 kg/mm2, and an ultimate elongation of
1.7%, whilst the same series carbon fibers of a high
tensile (HM) type exhibit, for example, a denQity of 1.81
g/cm3, a tenqile -Qtrength of 250 kg/mm2, a tensile modulus
of 40,000 kg/mm2 and an ultimate elongation of 0.6%.
"Aramid fiberQ" are a general term for fibers
produced from wholly aromatic polyamide. Aramid is
defined by the United States Federal Trade Commission as a
synthetic fiber which contains, as a fiber forming
substance, long-chain synthetic polyamide wherein at least
- - 8 - 13392~3
85~ of amino links (-CO-NH-) is linked to two aromatic rings.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention there
is provided a lining material for use in a pipe lining method
wherein a tubular lining material whose inner surface has
previously been applied with an adhesive is inserted into a
pipeline and allowed to advance therein while turning the
lining material inside out and pressing the surface of the
evaginated lining material applied with the adhesive against
the inner surface of the pipeline by the action of a fluid
pressure thereby adhesively bonding the lining material onto
the inner surface of the pipeline by means of said adhesive,
characterized in that it comprises a tubular textile jacket
having an air impervious layer comprised of rubber or a
synthetic resin bonded onto the outer surface thereof, and
the tubular textile jacket is formed by weaving warps
consisting of synthetic fiber yarns and wefts, all or some of
which are formed of low elongation high tensile strength
filament yarns or alternatively each of which is formed
partially of low elongation high tensile strength fibers, the
warps laid in the tubular textile jacket extending
substantially straightly, and the wefts laid therein
extending in a bent configuration.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention
there is provided a lining material for use in a pipe lining
method wherein a tubular lining material whose inner surface
has previously been applied with an adhesive is inserted into
a pipeline and allowed to advance therein while turning the
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- 8a -
lining material inside out and pressing the surface of the
evaginated lining material applied with the adhesive against
the inner surface of the pipeline by the action of a fluid
pressure thereby adhesively bonding the lining material onto
the inner surface of the pipeline by means of said adhesive,
characterized in that it comprises a tubular textile jacket
formed by weaving warps consisting of synthetic fiber yarns
and wefts, all or some of which are formed of low elongation
high tensile strength filament yarns or alternatively each of
which is formed partially of low elongation high tensile
strength fibers; and yarns which are sufficiently thicker
than the wefts forming the tubular textile jacket and which
are laid on the inner surface of the textile jacket, said
thick yarns being fastened to the tubular textile jacket at
intervals of a very wide spacing and forming a fibrous layer
together with the tubular textile jacket, said tubular
textile jacket having an air impervious layer comprised of
rubber or a synthetic resin bonded onto the outer surface
thereof.
In accordance with yet another aspect of the
invention there is provided a lining material for use in a
pipe lining method wherein a tubular lining material whose
inner surface has previously been applied with an adhesive is
inserted into a pipeline and allowed to advance therein while
turning the lining material inside out and pressing the
surface of the evaginated lining material applied with the
adhesive against the inner surface of the pipeline by the
. ~,,,
l339~3
- 8b -
action of a fluid pressure thereby adhesively bonding the
lining material onto the inner surface of the pipeline by
means of said adhesive, characterized in that it comprises a
tubular textile jacket formed by weaving warps consisting of
synthetic fiber yarns and wefts, all or some of which are
formed of low elongation high tensile strength filament yarns
or alternatively each of which is formed partially of low
elongation high tensile strength fibers, and a tubular
fibrous member being fitted in the tubular textile jacket;
that is; on the side of the inner surface of the tubular
textile jacket adapted to be bonded onto the inner surface of
a pipeline during the lining operation so that the tubular
fibrous member and said tubular textile jacket may form a
fibrous layer, said tubular textile jacket having an air
impervious layer comprised of rubber or a synthetic resin
bonded onto the outer surface thereof.
In accordance with yet another aspect of the
invention there is provided a lining material for use in a
pipe lining method wherein a tubular lining material whose
inner surface has previously been applied with an adhesive is
inserted into a pipeline and allowed to advance therein while
turning the lining material inside out and pressing the
surface of the evaginated lining material applied with the
adhesive against the inner surface of the pipeline by the
action of a fluid pressure thereby adhesively bonding the
lining material onto the inner surface of the pipeline by
means of said adhesive, characterized in that it comprises a
- 8c - 13~9253
tubular textile jacket formed by weaving warps and wefts in a
tubular shape, and low elongation high tensile strength
filament yarns, said low elongation high tensile strength
filament yarns being laid on the inner surface of the tubular
textile jacket in the circumferential direction thereof, and
also being fastened to the tubular textile jacket at
intervals of a very wide spacing, said low elongation high
tensile strength filament yarns being allowed to slack
between the adjoining fastening points so that the low
elongation high tensile strength yarns and the tubular
textile jacket may form a tubular fibrous member, said
tubular textile jacket in the tubular fibrous member having
an air impervious layer comprised of rubber or a synthetic
resin bonded onto the outer surface ther.eof.
In accordance with yet another aspect of the
invention there is provided a lining material for use in a
pipe lining method wherein a tubular lining material whose
inner surface has previously been applied with an adhesive is
inserted into a pipeline and allowed to advance therein while
turning the lining material inside out and pressing the
surface of the evaginated lining material applied with the
adhesive against the inner surface of the pipeline by the
action of a fluid pressure thereby adhesively bonding the
lining material onto the inner surface of the pipeline by
means of said adhesive, characterized in that it comprises a
first tubular textile jacket formed by weaving warps and
wefts in a tubular shape, said first tubular textile jacket
- 8d - 1339~53
having an air impervious layer comprised of rubber or a
synthetic resin bonded onto the outer surface thereof; and a
second tubular textile jacket formed by weaving warps and
wefts in a tubular shape, said wefts in the second textile
jacket consisting of low elongation high tensile strength
filament yarns and being laid in such a manner that it
extends substantially without any slack, said second tubular
textile jacket being fitted loosely in said first tubular
textile jacket.
In accordance with yet another aspect of the
invention there is provided a lining material for use in a
pipe lining method wherein a tubular lining material whose
inner surface has previously been applied with an adhesive is
inserted into a pipeline and allowed to advance therein while
turning the lining material inside out and pressing the
surface of the evaginated lining material applied with the
adhesive against the inner surface of the pipeline by the
action of a fluid pressure thereby adhesively bonding the
lining material onto the inner surface of the pipeline by
means of said adhesive, characterized in that it comprises a
first tubular textile jacket formed by weaving warps and
wefts in a tubular shape, a tubular unwoven fabric fitted in
the first tubular textile jacket, and a second tubular
textile jacket formed by wearing warps and wefts in a tubular
shape, said wefts in the second textile jacket consisting of
low elongation high tensile strength filament yarns and being
laid in such a manner that it extends substantially without
..
- 8e - 13392~3
any slack, said second tubular textile jacket being fitted in
the tubular unwoven fabric, said first tubular textile jacket
having an air impervious layer comprised of rubber or a
synthetic resin bonded onto the outer surface thereof.
Disclosure of the Invention:
The present invention provides a first lining
material for pipelines as mentioned hereinbelow. Stating in
brief, the first lining material is a tubular liner adapted
for use in a pipe lining method wherein a tubular lining
material whose inner surface has previously been applied with
an adhesive is inserted into a pipeline and allowed to
advance therein while turning the lining material inside out
and pressing the evaginated lining material against the inner
surface of the pipeline by the action of a fluid pressure
thereby adhesively bonding the lining material onto the inner
surface of the pipeline by the aid of the adhesive interposed
between the pipeline and the lining material, characterized
in that it comprises a tubular textile jacket having an air
impervious layer comprised of rubber or a synthetic resin
bonded onto the outer surface thereof, and the tubular
textile jacket is formed by weaving warps consisting of
suitable synthetic fiber yarns and wefts, all or some of
which are formed of low elongation high tensile strength
filament yarns or alternatively each of which is formed
partially of low elongation high tensile strength fibers,
9 13392~3
the warps laid in the tubular textile jacket extending
substantially straightly, and the wefts laid therein extending
in a bent configuration.
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the first lining
material;
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional, enlarged view showing
schematically a portion of the first lining material;
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing
schematically a portion of the second lining material;
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing
schematically a portion of the third lining material;
Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing
schematically a portion of the fourth lining material;
Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the fifth lining
material;
Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing
schematically a portion of the fifth lining material;
Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the sixth lining
material;
Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing
schematically a portion of the sixth lining material; and
Fig. lo is a cross-sectional view showing
schematically a portion of the seventh lining material.
The tubular textile jacket 2 used in the first lining
material (Refer to Figs. 1 and 2) is formed by weaving warps 4
and wefts 5 in a tubular shape, and polyester yarns are used
as warps 4. Polyester yarns possess a chemical resistance, a
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- 9a -
tensile strength which is especially high among ordinary
synthetic fiber yearns, and an ultimate elongation of ten and
several percent. Therefore, they possess appropriate
characteristic properties to provide an earthquake resistance
required for the above-mentioned lining material.
All or some of the wefts are formed of low elongation
high tensile strength filament yarns, or each of the wefts is
formed partially of low elongation high tensile strength
fibers.
As for the wefts 5, low elongation high tensile
strength filament yarns having Young's Modulus of 7,000 kg/mm2
or more should preferably be used. If and when the Young's
modulus of the fibers forming the wefts 5 is less than 7,000
kg/mm2, then the bending modulus of elasticity of the lining
material layer which is formed when the fibers are impregnated
with a reaction-curing type resin will not become sufficiently
high, thus resulting in
133925~
-- 10 --
inferior chape retaining property of the lining layer
against external pressures.
As appropriate examples of the low elongation high
tensile strength fibers, there are glass fiber, carbon
fiber, Aramid fiber and metallic fiber, etc., among of
which glass fiber is most suitable for forming the lining
material. In case the inner surface of a pipeline is
applied with this lining material 1 to form a lining
layer, the tubular textile jacket 2 is impregnated with a
reaction-curing type resin. As for this reaction-curing
type resin, epoxy resin is used most commonly. Therefore,
glass fibers which are excellent in affinity with this epoxy
resin and which are capable of forming at a relatively low
cost a composite material with a high modulus of
elasticity using epoxy resin as a matrix thereof are
suitàble for use as the above-mentioned low elongation
high tensile strength filament.
Further, it is preferable to use glass fibers
whose filament diameter is 6 ~ or under. The tubular
textile jacket 2 for use in the lining material 1 is
folded in a flattened state after it has been woven, and
filament yarns each having a large filament diameter are
not preferable because the fibers at the folded edges
thereof are liable to be broken. Further, upon inserting
this lining material into a pipeline while turning it
13392~3
inside out in order to apply the lining material onto the
inner surface of the pipeline, if filament yarns each
having a fine filament diameter are used, then the
flexibility of the lining material becomes high so that it
becomes possible to evaginate the lining material easily
and proceed the evagination under a low fluid pressure.
A~ for the low elongation high tensile strength
filament yarns, those treated with bulking process should
preferably be u~ed. Since it is necessary to impregnate
the tubular textile jacket 2 sufficiently with the
reaction-curing type resin, it is desirable to use yarns
obtained by disturbing untwisted low elongation high
tensile strength filament yarn~ by air jet or steam jet to
thereby entangle the filaments, and then subjecting them
to bulking treatment.
The weft 5 can be formed only by the above-
mentioned low elongation high tensile strength filament
yarns, but it is possible to form the wefts by
intertwisting the low elongation high tensile strength
filament yarns with yarns of other fibers, for example,
polyester filament yarns or polyester twisted long
filament yarns.
In this case, the modulus of elasticity of the
weft 5 will reduce by a certain degree, however, the
expansion in diameter of the lining material 1 during the
1339253
- 12 -
lining process and adjustments of the adhesive bonding
power of the wefts to the air-impervious layer 3 can be
made ea~ily.
In case fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) is formed
by using low elongation high tensile strength fibers, it
has been carried out to apply a pretreatment to the fibers
in order to enhance the adhesive strength thereof to the
matrix. For example, glass fibers are ~ubjected to silane
coupling treatment. However, even in glass fibers which
have been subjected to such treatment, it is difficult to
enhance the adhesive strength thereof to the flexible ai~-
impervious layer 3.
In order to enhance the adhesive bonding power
between the tubular textile jacket 2 and the air
impervious layer 3, it is preferable to use low elongation
high tensile strength filament yarns in combination with
polyester twisted long filament yarns.
Further, in case the wefts 5 formed only by low
elongation high tensile strength filament yarns are used,
the adhesivity between the tubular textile jacket 2 and
the air-impervious layer 3 can be enhanced by using
polyester twisted long filament yarns or polyester spun
yarns for some of the above-mentioned warps 4.
In the tubular textile jacket 2 of the first
lining material formed by weaving warps 4 and wefts 5 in a
13392~i~
- 13 -
tubular shape, the warps 4 are of substantially
rectilinear construction and the wefts 5 are of a bent
configuration. The degree of bends of the wefts 5 should
adequately be set at such a value to ensure that the crimp
percentage of the weft~ 5 laid in the above-mentioned
tubular textile jacket is in the range of ~ to 25%.
As for the method of weaving the tubular textile
jacket 2, any suitable method such as plain weave, twill
weave or rib weave, etc. can be used.
As for the material forming the air impervious layer 3
of the above-mentioned lining material 1, various kinds of
materials are properly selected depending on the kind of a
pipeline to be lined, and any one of those which are excellent
in durability is used depending on the conditions, such as the
kind of fluid to be passed through the pipeline and the
temperature thereof, etc. As commonly used materials, it
is proper to use thermoplastic polyester elastic resin,
thermoplastic polyurethane elastic resin, and polyolefin
series resin, etc.
In case the inner surface of a pipeline is applied
with the first lining material, because the wefts 5 laid
in the tubular textile jacket 2 are of a bent
configuration, when the bent portions of the wefts 5 are
straightened, it is possible to cause an expansion in
diameter of the lining material thus making it possible to
~3925~
- 14 -
apply the lining material on the inner surface of the
pipeline.
Thus, in the event of failure or breakdown of the
pipeline either by an earthquake or by v$bration, since
the warps 4 laid in the tubular textile jacket 2 are
formed of polyester fiber yarns, the lining layer
surrouding a broken part in the outer pipe is peeled off
or detached from the pipeline and extends so that the
lining layer itself can be prevented from demage and
maintained in a pipe configuration thus rendering it
possible to secure a passageway for the fluid flowing
therethrough.
Further, since the wefts 5 laid in the tubular
textile jacket 2 are formed by low elongation high tensile
strength fibers, the inner pipe made of the lining layer
formed by the lining material can withstand the internal
fluid pressure when the pipeline is demaged,and is not subjected
to excessive expansion in diameter.
Further, in the condition that the tubular textile
jacket 2 is impregnated with a reaction-curing type resin
and solidified to form a lining layer, since the wefts 5
comprised of low elongation high tensile strength fibers
are used, the bending modulus of elasticity of the lining
layer in the circumferential direction is high, and so the
inner pipe is not broken by a buckling load due to
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- 15 -
external pressure. Therefore, the inner pipe can provide
an excellent shape retaining property against external
pressures.
Accordingly, the first lining material can meet
all the performances required for the above-mentioned
lining material for pipelines such as enhanced earthquake
re~istance and shape retaining property against external
pressures, and also requirement that the expansion in the
diameter thereof should be limited. Further, these
requirements can be met without having to increase the
thickness of the lining layer beyond the required value,
and therefore the fibrous layer of the lining material 1
consi~ts only of a single tubular textile jacket 2 and can
be manufactured readily, and also the lining operation can
be carried out easily under a low fluid pressure.
Furthermore, in the first lining material, the
wefts 5 laid in the tubular textile ~acket 2 are of bent
configuration, and therefore even if low elongation high
tensile strength filament yarns which are subjected to
little elongation are used as the wefts 5, a predetermined
expansion in diameter of the lining layer required for
lining operation can be secured so that the lining
material can be applied properly onto the inner surface of
the pipeline.
Further, when low elongation high tensile strength
1339Z53
- 16 -
filament yarns whose filament diameter is 6 ~ or under are
used as the wefts 5, the resultant tubular textile ~acket
2 becomes extremely flexible and there is no possibility
of the wefts being broken when they are folded during the
weaving proce~s, etc. Further, since slipping among
fibers is liable to occur, it is possible to cause a
proper expansion in diameter of the lining layer in the
lining process thus making it easier to apply the lining
material on and along the inner ~urface of a pipeline.
Further, the use of low elongation high tensile
strength filament yarns treated with bulking process will
increase the amount of the reaction-curing type adhesive
with which the tubular textile ~acket is to be
impregnated, and so a lining layer having a sufficient
thickness can be secured. Further, the adhesive bonding
power between the tubular textile jacket 2 and the air
impervious layer 3 can be enhanced by using in combination
polyester twisted long filament yarns and low elongation
high tensile strength filament yarns, as for the wefts 5.
According to the present invention, there is
provided a second lining material which is a tubular liner
adapted for use in the above-mentioned pipe lining method,
characterized in that it comprises a tubular textile
jacket formed by weaving warps consisting of suitable
synthetic fiber yarns and wefts, all or some of which are
1339253
formed of low elongation high tensile strength filament
yarns or alternatively each of which is formed partially
of low elongation high ten~ile strength fibers, and yarns
which are sufficiently thicker than the wefts forming the
tubular textile jacket being laid on the inner surface of
the textile jacket, the thicker yarns being fastened to the
tubular textile jacket at intervals of a very wide spacing and
forming a fibrous layer together with the tubular textile
jacket, said tubular textile jacket having an air
impervious layer comprised of rubber or a synthetic resin
bonded onto the outer surface thereof.
This second lining material (Refer to Fig. 3) has
the following construction. The tubular textile jacket 2
used in this lining material is formed by weaving warps 4
and wefts 5 in a tubular shape. As for the warps 4,
ordinary synthetic fiber yarns such as polyester yarns and
nylon yarns, etc. are used. In particular, the polye~ter
yarns possess a chemical resistance, a tensile strength
which is e~pecially high among ordinary synthetic fiber
yarns, and an ultimate elongation of ten and several
percent. Therefore, they possess adequate characteristics
required to exhibit a satisfactory earthquake resistance
for the lining material. Further, in order to enhance the
adhesive bonding power between the tubular textile jacket
2 and the air-impervious layer 3, all or some of the warps
1339253
- 18 -
4 should preferably consist of twisted long filament
yarns.
Further, all or some of the wefts 5 are formed of
low elongation high tensile strength filament yarns or
alternatively each of the wefts 5 is formed partially of
low elongation high tensile strength fibers. A~ in the
case of the aforementioned first lining material,
materials suitable for the low elongation high tensile
strength fibers are, for example, glass fiber and Aramid
fiber.
In terms of the tensile strength of the lining
material, all of the wefts 5 laid in the tubular textile
jacket 2 should be formed of low elongation high tensile
strength filament yarns. However, it is possible to use
low elongation high tensile strength filament yarns for
some of the wefts 5 and synthetic fiber yarn~ such as
polye~ter fiber yarns for the remainder of the wefts 5.
Further, it is possible to use in combination the
low elongation high tensile strength filament yarns and
ordinary synthetic fiber yarns as the wefts 5 in order to
form a tubular textile jacket 2, and after the formation
of the latter, subject the synthetic fiber yarns to heat
shrinkage so as to cause slack in the low elongation high
tensile strength filament yarns so that the lining
material may expand properly in diameter thereof and
1339~53
-- 19 --
adhesively bond onto the inner surface of a pipeline under
a fluid pressure during the lining process thereby
completing the lining operation without causing any
wrinkle in the lining material.
In this second lining material, yarns 7 which are
sufficiently thicker than the above-mentioned wefts 5 are
laid on the inside of the above-mentioned tubular jacket 2
in the circumferential direction thereof. The yarns 7 are
fastened to the tubular textilé jacket 2 by means of
fastening yarns 8 at intervals of a very wide spacing and fixedly
secured to the tubular textile jacket 2.
The above-mentioned yarns 7 may be laid in the
longitudinal direction of the tubular textile ~acket 2.
The fastening yarns 8 may be yarns separate from
the warps 4 forming the above-mentioned tubular textile
jacket 2, but the warps 4 forming the tubular textile
jacket may serve concurrently as the fastening yarns to
fasten the yarns 7.
The yarns 7 may be fastened to the tubular textile
jacket 2 at intervals of a very wide spacing, preferably at intervals
of several centimeters. Regarding the positions where
each of the yarns 7 is fa~tened to the tubular textile
~acket 2, it is preferable that the fastening positions of
adjacent yarns 7 are not aligned in the longitudinal
direction of the lining material, but at staggered
13392~3
- 20 -
po~itions in the longitudinal direction so as to avoid the
formation of continuous recesses at the fastening points
along a straight line in the longitudinal direction of the
tubular textile ~acket.
The second lining material can meet, in the same
manner as the first lining material, all the performances
required for the lining material for pipelines, such as
enhanced earthquake resistance and shape retaining
property against external pressures, and also a
requirement that the expansion in diameter of the lining
layer should be limited. Further, since the yarns 7 laid
in thi~ lining material are fastened to the inner surface
of the tubular textile ~acket 2 at very wide intervals,
even when a multiplicity of yarns 7 are used, the
resultant lining material is very flexible and can be
handled easily, and al~o the evagination of the lining
material can be made easily when it is inserted into a
pipeline while turning it inside out. Therefore, the
lining material can be inserted into the pipeline while
turning it inside out by the action of a low fluid
pressure.
Further, if yarns treated by bulking process are
used as the yarns 7, then the quantity of the reaction-
curing type resin with which the lining layer is to be
impregnated can be increased to thereby enable the lining
133925~
- 21 -
layer havlng a required thicknes~ to be ~ecured. Further,
the adhe~ive bonding power between the fibrous layer 9 and
the air-impervious layer 3 can be enhanced by u~ing in
combination polyester filament yarns and polyester spun
yarns or polyester twisted long filament yarns a~ the
warp~ 4 to be laid in the tubular textile jacket 2.
Further, according to the present invention, there
is provided a third lining material for pipelines,
characterized in that a tubular fibrous member is fitted
in the tubular textile jacket in the second lining
material; that is; on the side of the inner surface of the
tubular textile jacket adapted to be bonded onto the inner
surface of a pipeline during lining operation so that the
tubular fibrous member and said tubular textile ~acket may
form a fibrous layer, said tubular textile jacket having
an air impervious layer comprised of rubber or a synthetic
resin bonded onto the outer surface thereof.
This third lining material ~Refer to Fig. 4)
compri~es a tubular fiber member 10 fitted in the above-
mentioned tubular textile ~acket 2 so that the tubular
fibrous member 10 and the tubular textile ~acket 2 may
form a fibrous layer 11, and the arrangement is made such
that when the lining material is evaginated the inner
surface of the tubular member 10 is adhesively bonded to
the inner ~urface of the pipeline, and after the pipeline
l339253
- 22 -
has been lined the outer surface of the above-mentioned
air-impervious layer 3 is allowed to contact with a fluid
flowing through the pipeline.
As for this tubular fiber member 10, a tubular
woven fabric or a thick tubular fabrlc or a tubular member
formed by superposing the unwoven fabric on the thick
tubular fabric as an integral unit are suitable.
In this third lining material, the thickness of
the tubular fibrous member 10 can be set at any desired
value, and therefore by adjusting the thickness thereof
the quantity of retention of the reaction-curing type
resin as a curing agent with which the fibrous member is
to be impregnated can be ad~usted so that a lining
material suitable for the kind of the pipeline to be lined
and the installing condition can be prepared.
According to the present invention, there is
provided a fourth lining material adapted for use in the
above-mentioned lining method, characterized in that it
compriseC a tubular textile ~acket formed by weaving warps
and wefts in a tubular shape, and low elongation high
tensile strength filament yarns, said low elongation high
tensile strength filament yQrns being laid on the inner surface
of the tubular textile jacket in the circumferential direction
thereof, and also being fastened to the tubular textile jacket
at intervals of a very wide spacing, the low elongation
1333253
high tensile strength filament yarns being allowed to
slack between the adjoining fastening points so that the
low elongation high tensile strength filament yarns and
the tubular textile jacket may form a tubular fibrous
member, said tubular textile jacket in the tubular fibrous
member having an air impervious layer comprised of rubber
or a synthetic resin bonded onto the outer surface
thereof.
This fourth lining material (Refer to Fig. 5) is
characterized in that the above-mentioned low elongation
high tensile strength filament yarns 12 are laid on the
inside of the above-mentioned tubular textile jacket 2';
that is to say; on the surface of the textile jacket 2'
adapted to be adhesively bonded onto the inne~ surface of
a pipeline in the circumferential direction thereof, the
low elongation high tensile strength filament yarns 12 are
fastened to the tubular textile jacket 2~ at intervals of a
very wide spacing, and each of the low elongation high tensile
filament yarns 12 is allowed to slack between the
adjoining fastening points thereby forming a tubular
fibrous member 13. The above-mentioned low elongation
hlgh tensile strength filament yarns 12 laid in this
fourth lining material has slackened portions formed
between the adjoining points thereof fastened by the
fastening yarns 8.
13~92~
- 24 -
As in the case of the second lining material, the
warps 4 forming the tubular textile jacket 2' may serve
concurrently as the fastening yarns 8, however, yarn~
separate from the warps 4 may be used as fastening yarns.
As for the warps 4 and the wefts 5' forming the
above-mentioned tubular textile jacket 2', ordinary yarns
such as polyester yarns or nylon yarns, etc. may be used.
In order that the tubular textile jacket 2' may exhibit a
satisfactory earthquake resistance, polyester yarns having
a high tensile strength and an ultimate elongation of ten
and several percent should preferably be used. Further,
as for the wefts 5', high tensile strength yarns such as
glass fiber yarns and aromatic polyamide fiber yarns may
be used.
In order to enhAnce the adhesive bonding power
between the tubular textile jacket 2' and the air
impervious layer 3, as for at least either the warps 4 or
the wefts 5', yarnQ formed by intertwisting polyester
filament yarns with polyester spun yarns or polyester
twisted long filament yarns should preferably be used.
The thickness and weave density of these warps 4
and wefts 5' vary with the diameter or bore of the
pipeline to be lined and the purpose of use, however, it
i~ preferable to form the tubular textile jacket 2' by
densely weaving yarns having a thickness in the range of
- 133~253
- 25 -
500 to S,OOO d.
The method of weaving the tubular textile ~acket
2 t i~ not limited to a particular one, and a proper
weaving method such as plain weave and twill weave, etc.
may be used.
A~ for the above-mentioned high tensile strength
yarns 12, yarns which are ~ufficiently thicker than the
wefts 5 t forming the tubular textile ~acket 2' partially
should preferably be used.
- In case the inner surface of a pipeline is applied
with this lining material to form a lining layer, the
tubular fibrous member 13 is impregnated with a reaction-
curing type resin. In this case, epoxy resin is used most
commonly as the reaction-curing type resin.
Accordingly, glass fibers which are excellent in
affinity with epoxy resin and which are capable of forming
a composite material having a high modulus of elasticity
using epoxy resin as a matrix thereof are suitable for the
material for the lining material.
The thickness of the high tensile strength yarns
12 varies with the required degree of shape retaining
property against external-pressures. It is adequate that
a layer having a thickness of 2 to 10 mm is formed by the
high tensile strength yarns 12' on the inner surface of
the tubular textile ~acket 2'. Further, it i~ preferable
1339253
_ 26 -
to use bulky yarns as the high tensile strength yarns 12,
because the use of bulky yarns increases the apparent
thickne~s thereof and makes it easier to impregnate them
with large quantities of the reaction-curing type resin.
Air jet method and steam jet method are known as the
method of bulking treatment.
Further, the high tensile strength yarns 12 should
preferably be laid on the inner surface of the tubular
textile jacket 2' with a considerable density, and at
least in no load condition, more than 50% of the inner
surface of the tubular textile jacket 2' should desirably
be covered with the high tensile strength yarns 12. If
the rate of covering the tubular textile jacket 2' with
the yarns 12 is low, the portions of the tubular textile
~acket 2' which are not covered with the yarns 12 cannot
be impregnated with the reaction-curing type resin, thus
lowering the rate of impregnation of the lining material with
the resin, and therefore the shape retaining
property of the lining material agalnst external pressures
cannot be enhanced sufficiently.
The high tensile strength yarns 12 should
preferably be fastened to the tubular textile ~acket 2l at
intervals of a very wide spacing. It is proper to fasten the high
tensile strength yarns 12 to the textile jacket 2' at
intervals of several centimeterC. Regarding fastening
1339253
- 27 -
points of the yarns 12, it is preferable to fasten the
adjoining high strength yarns 12 at staggered positions
with one another in the longitudinal direction of the
lining material so as to avoid alignment of the fastening
points of the adjoining yarns 12 thereby reducing the
unevenness in the thickness of the fibrous layer at the
fastening points.
As shown in Fig. 5, the high tensile strength yarn
12 has slackened portions formed between the adjoining
fastening points. The lining material shown in Fig. 5
comprises a tubular fibrous member 13 having an air
impervious layer 3 formed or bonded on the outer surface
thereof. This lining material is inserted into a pipeline
while turning it inside out so as to line the inner
surface of the pipeline. When the lining material is
turned inside out, the high tensile strength yarns 12 are
located outside of the tubular textile jacket 2 t .
Therefore, if the high tensile strength yarns 12 have no
slackened portions, then upon evagination of the lining
material, the tubular textile jacket 2I will wrinkle
or because of the high rigidity of the high tensile
strength yarns 12 it becomes impossible to cause a
required expansion in diameter of the lining material,
thereby rendering it difficult to bond the lining material
onto the inner surface of the pipeline.
1339253
- 28 -
The material of the air impervious layer 3 in the
lining material is the same as that of the air impervious
layer formed in each of the above-mentioned lining
materials.
When this fourth lining material is manufactured,
a tubular textile jacket 2' is formed by weaving warps 4
and wefts 5', and low elongation high tensile strength
filament yarns 12 are laid along the inner surface of the
tubular textile jacket 2' adapted to be located opposite
to the inner surface of the pipeline and in the
circumferential direction thereof, and also the high
tensile strength yarns 12 are fastened by fastening yarns
8 at wide intervals thereby forming a tubular fibrous
member 13. In that case, the diameter of the tubular
fibrous member 13 is woven so as to have a diameter
somewhat larger than that of the required diameter of the
lining material, whilst the high tensile strength yarns 12
are woven while being applied with a tension required for
weaving operation without causing any slack.
Subsequently, when this tubular fibrous member 13
is pulled in the longitudinal direction thereof, the wefts
5' laid in the tubular textile jacket 2' will be bent and
shrink diametrally, and the high tensile strength yarns
12 will get loose. Then, an air impervious layer 3 is
formed on the outer surface of the tubular fibrous member
1~39253
- 29 -
13 by using a suitable method such as extrusion molding
process. In case the inner surface of a pipeline is
applied with this lining material, the diameter of the
tubular textile jacket 2l of the tubular fibrous member 13
can be expanded relatively easily because it i~ made up of
a fabric. And also, since the high tensile strength yarns
12 have slackened portion~, the expansion~in dlameter of
the tubular textile jacket 2' is not impeded by the high
tensile strength yarns 12 so that the lining material can
be expanded properly by the action of a fluid pressure,
and the high tensile ~trength yarns 12 can be pressed
against and bonded to the inner surface of the pipeline
substantially without any slack.
Since, when the lining material has been inserted
into a pipeline, a large number of high tensile strength
yarns 12 are laid on the surface of the lining material
adapted to be located opposite to the inner surface of the
pipeline, and are fastened to the tubular textile jacket 2' at
intervals of a very wide spacing while they extend in a slackened
state on the surface of the tubular textile jacket 2', the
high tensile strength yarns 12 can be impregnated with
large quantities of the reaction-curing type resin.
Therefore, after the completion of lining operation, a
pipe of FRP construction having a sufficient thickness and
which is reinforced with high tensile strength yarns 12
13392~
- 30 -
will be formed inside the pipeline.
The high tensile strength yarns 12 serve to
prevent the lining material from being excessively
expanded in diameter by the internal fluid pressure when
the main pipeline is damaged or broken.
In this lining material, when the tubular fibrous
member 13 has been impregnated with the reaction-curing type
resin and has solidified to form a lining layer, large
quantities of high tensile strength yarns 12 are laid
circumferentially of the lining layer, and therefore the
lining layer has a high circumferential bending modulus of
elasticity so that there is no fear of the lining layer
being subjected to buckling by the external pressures.
Accordingly, this lining material i5 excellent in the
above-mentioned shape retaining property against external
pressures.
In this fourth lining material, since the high
tensile strength yarns 12 are not woven in the tubular
textile jacket 2', but laid in a slackened state on the
surface thereof, the shape retaining property of the
lining material can be enhanced without increasing the
thickness of the tubular textile jacket 2'.
Further, since the high tensile strength yarns 12
are laid in a slackened state on the surface of the
tubular textile jacket 2', when this lining material is
13392~3
folded, there is no fear of the high tensile strength
yarns 12 being broken at the folded edges thereof.
Further, the use of sufficiently thick high tensile
strength yarns 12 provides a lining material having a high
degree of shape retaining property.
Further, since the high tensile strength yarns 12
are fastened in a slackened state onto the surface of the
tubular textile jacket 2', even in case a large quantity
of high tensile strength yarns 12 are used, the resultant
lining material is very flexible and can be handled
easily, and also when the lining material is inserted into
a pipeline while turning it inside out, the evagination
thereof can be made easily so that it can be turned
readily inside out by a low fluid pressure.
If and when bulky yarns are used as the high
tensile strength yarns 12, upon effecting lining
operation, the amount of the reaction-curing type resin
with which the lining material is to be impregnated can be
increased and a required thickness of the lining layer can
be secured.
According to the present invention, there is
provided a fifth lining material adapted for use in the
above-mentioned lining method, characterized in that it
comprise~ a fir~t tubular textile jacket in the above-
mentioned fourth lining material having an air impervious
1339253
layer comprised of rubber or a synthetic resin bonded onto
the outer surface thereof, and a second tubular textile
jacket formed by weaving wefts and warps in a tubular
shape, said wefts in the second textile jacket consisting
of low elongation high tensile strength filament yarns and
being laid in such a manner that it extends substantially
without any slack, said second tubular textile jacket
being fitted loosely in said first tubular textile jacket.
This fifth lining material (Refer to Figs. 6 and
~) is constructed such that the above-mentioned second
tubular textile jacket 2 is fitted in the first or outer
tubular textile jacket 2', and the outer tubular textile
jacket 2I has an air impervious layer 3 comprised of
rubber or a synthetic resin bonded onto the outer surface
thereof.
The above-mentioned outer tubular textile jacket
21 is formed by weaving warps 41 and wefts 5" in a tubular
shape and has the above-mentioned air impervious layer 3
bonded onto the outer surface thereof.
Further, the above-mentioned inner tubular textile
jacket 2 is also formed by weaving warps 4 and wefts 5 in
a tubular shape, and as for the wefts 5, low elongation
high tensile strength filament yarns such as glass fiber
yarns are used and laid substantially without any slack.
As for the wefts 5, glass fiber yarns treated by bulking
13392~3
- 33 -
process should preferably be used. As for the warps 4,
any suitable synthetic fiber yarns such as polyester yarns
can be used.
This inner tubular textile jacket 2 is fitted
loosely in the outer tubular textile jacket 2', and a part
thereof forms a folded portion 14.
Further, according to the present invention, there
is provided a sixth lining material. The ~ixth lining
material (Refer to Figs. 8 and g) is constructed such that
the above-mentioned first tubular textile jacket 2' has an
air impervious layer 3 comprised of rubber or a synthetic
resin bonded onto the outer surface thereof, and a tubular
unwoven fabric 15 is fitted in the first tubular textile
jacket 2', and further the above-mentioned second tubular
textile jacket 2 is fitted in the tubular unwoven fabric
15.
In the same manner as the tubular textile jackets
in the case of the fourth and fifth lining material, the
above-mentioned first tubular textile iacket 2l; that is;
the outer tubular textile jacket is formed by weaving
warps 4' and wefts 5" in a tubular shape and has the
aforementioned air imperviou~ layer 3 formed or bonded
onto the outer surface thereof.
As for the tubular unwoven fabric 15, an unwoven
fabric made up of synthetic fiber yarns such as polyester
13392~
- 34 -
yarns, etc. can be used, and also an unwoven fabric made
up of low elongation high tensile strength fiber yarns
such as glass fiber yarns, etc. may be used. Further, as
for this unwoven fabric 15, either a tubular molded
~ o~en fabric or a tubular unwoven fabric which is formed
by rounding a sheet of unwoven fabric and joining both
edges thereof can be used.
Further, the above-mentioned inner tubular textile
jacket 2 is also formed by weaving warps 4 and wefts S in
a tubular shape, and as for the wefts 5, low elongation
high tensile strength yarns such as glass fiber yarnq,
etc. are used and laid substantially without any slack.
As for the wefts 5, glass fiber yarns which have been
subjected to bulking treatment should preferably be used.
As for the warps 4, ~uitable synthetic fiber yarn~ such as
polyester yarns, etc. can be used.
Thi~ inner tubular textile jacket 2 ls fitted
loosely in the tubular unwoven fabric 15, and a part
thereof forms a folded portion 14.
In both cases of the fifth and sixth linlng
materials, as for the warps 4' and wefts 5" laid in the
above-mentioned outer tubular textile jacket 2l, ordinary
synthetic fiber yarns such as polyester yarns and nylon
yarns, etc. can be used. However, in order that the
lining material may exhibit a satisfactory earthquake
13~S253
resistance, polyester yarns having a high tensile strength
and an ultimate elongation of about ten and several
percent should preferably be used.
Further, as for the wefts 5", low elongation high
tensile strength filament yarns such as those made up of
glass fiber yarns and aromatic polyamide filament yarns,
etc. can also be used.
Further, as for at least either one of the warps
4' or wefts 5", yarns formed by intertwisting polyester
yarns with polyester spun yarns or polyester twisted long
filament yarns should preferably be used in order to
improve the adhesive bonding power between the outer
tubular textile jacket 2' and the air impervious layer 3.
The thicknesses and weave densities of these warps
4' and the wefts 5" vary with the bore of a pipeline to be
lined and the purpose of use, however, it is generally
preferable to form the outer tubular textile jacket 2' by
densely weaving yarns having a thickness in the range of
about 500 to 5,000 d.
The inner tubular textile jacket 2 laid in the
fifth and sixth lining materials according to the present
invention will now be described below. As for the wefts 5
laid in this tubular textile jacket 2, low elongation high
tensile strength filament yarns are used. As for the
wefts 5, yarns which are sufficiently thicker than the
13392!~
- 36 -
wefts 5" laid in the outer tubular textile jacket 2'
should preferably be used.
When the inner surface of a pipeline is applied
with this lining material to form a lining layer, the
inner tubular textile jacket 2 is impregnated with a
reaction-curing type resin. As for the reaction-curing
type resin, epoxy resin and unsaturated polyester resin
are used most commonly. Therefore, as for the wefts 5
u~ed in the inner tubular textile ~acket 2, glass fiber
yarns which are excellent in affinity with epoxy resin or
unsaturated polye~ter resin and which are capable of
forming a composite material having a high modulus of
elasticity by using such a resin as a matrix thereof
should preferably be used.
Further, the thickness of the wefts 5 vary with
the required degree of shape retaining property of the
lining layer against external pressures, but should
preferably be sufficiently thicker than that of the weft
5" laid in the outer tubular textile jacket 2' in order to
ensure that the inner tubular textile jacket 2 having a
thickness of about Z to 10 mm is formed. Further, it is
preferable to use bulky yarns as the wefts 5, because the
apparent thickness of the wefts 5 i~ increased and it
becomes easier to impregnate the wefts with large
quantities of the reaction-curing type resin. As for the
13~9253
- 37 -
method of bulking treatment, air jet method and steam jet
method are known.
As for the warps 4 laid in the inner tubular
textile jacket 2, ordinary synthetic fiber yarns such as
polyester yarns and nylon yarns, etc. can be used, and
also yarns identical to the warps 4' laid in the outer
tubular textile jacket 2' may be used.
Further, the wefts 5 should preferably be laid
substantially without any slack and at a considerable
density. At least in no load condition, more than 50% of
the inner surface of the lining material should desirably
be covered with the weft~ 5. If the rate of covering the
lining material with the wefts 5 is low, then the portions
of the lining material which are not covered with the
wefts 5 cannot be impregnated with the reaction-curing
type resin thus lowering the content of the re~in in the
lining material and rendering it impossible to e~h~nce the
shape retaining property of the lining material
sufficiently.
Further, the warps 4 should preferably be laid at
intervals of spacing much wider than that of the warps 41
laid in the outer tubular textile jacket 2'. By ~o doing,
the circumferential spacing of each of the wefts S between
the adjoining warps 4 becomes wide, and so the portions of
the wefts 5 between the ad~oining warps 4 can be
13~9253
- 38 -
impregnated with large quantities of reaction-curing type
resin.
In the fifth lining material, in order to give the
lining material a satisfactory -Qhape retaining property
against external pressures, it is possible to increase or
decrease the thickness of the lining material by adjusting
the thickness of the wefts 5 laid in the inner tubular
textile jacket 2. However, in case of lining materials to
be applied to pipelines of large diameters, it is
impossible to obtain a thickne-Qs enough to provide a
satisfactory shape retaining property against external
pressures only by increasing the thickness of the wefts 5
laid in the inner tubular textile jacket 2. In such a
case, the sixth lining material i9 used and a tubular
unwoven fabric 15 is laid between the outer tubular
textile jacket 2 t and the inner tubular textile jacket 2
so that the thickness of the lining material can be
increased and a satisfactory Qhape retaining property
against external pressures can be secured.
Further, according to the present invention, there
is further provided the following seventh lining material.
That is to say; the seventh lining material is a liner
adapted for uQe in the above-mentioned lining method,
characterized in that it comprises a tubular textile
jacket having an air impervious layer comprised of rubber
1~39253
- 39 -
or a synthetic resin bonded onto the outer surface
thereof, said tubular textile jacket being formed of a
multi-plies woven fabric and the wefts laid in the inner
ply of the woven fabric; that is; the wefts on the side of
the inner surface of the tubular textile jacket adapted to
be bonded onto the inner surface of a pipeline in the
lined condition consi~ting of low elongation high tensile
strength filament yarns.
The seventh lining material lRefer to Fig. 10)
comprises a tubular textile jacket 6 formed by weaving
warps and wefts, said tubular textile jacket 6 having an
air impervious layer 3 comprised of rubber or a synthetic
resin bonded onto the outer surface thereof; that is; on
the side of the inner surface of the tubular textile
jacket adapted to be bonded to the inner surface of a
pipeline to be lined, characterized in that said tubular
textile jacket 6 is formed of a multi-plies woven fabric,
and wefts 16 laid in the inner ply of the multi-plies
woven fabric; that is; the wefts on the side of the inner
surface of the tubular textile jacket adapted to be bonded
onto the inner surface of a pipeline in the lined
condition consist of low elongation high tensile strength
filament yarns.
This tubular textile jacket 6 is formed by a multi-
plies woven fabric (an example of two-plies woven fabric
1339253
- 40 -
is shown in Fig. 10). Out of the multi-plies woven
fabric, the outer woven fabric 17 thereof has the
aforementioned air imperviou~ layer 3 bonded onto the
outer surface thereof. The outer woven fabric 17 is
formed by weaving warps 4 and wefts 5' in a tubular shape.
Further, in the inner woven fabric 18, low elongation high
tensile strength filament yarns are used as wefts 16
thereof. The inner woven fabric 18 is woven more coarsely
than the outer woven fabric 17. The inner woven fabric 18
is fastened to the outer woven fabric 17 by means of
fastening yarns 8. In the example shown in Fig. 10, the
yarns for fastening the inner woven fabric 18 are denoted
with reference numeral 4(8). This implies that the warps
4 forming the outer woven fabric 17 are used as the
fastening yarns 8. Unlike this example, fastening yarns
separate from the warps 4 may be used independently to
fasten the inner woven fabric 18 to the outer woven fabric
17.
As for the warps 4 and the wefts 5' for use in the
above-mentioned outer woven fabric 17, ordinary ~ynthetic
fiber yarns such as polyester yarns and nylon yarns, etc.
can be used. However, in order that the lining material
may exhibit a satisfactory earthquake resistance,
polyester yarns having a high tensile strength and an
ultimate elongation of about ten and several percent
13392~3
- - 41 -
should preferably be used.
Whilst, as for the wefts S', low elongation high
tensile strength filament yarn~ such as glass fiber yarns
and aromatic polyamide fiber yarn~, etc. may also be used.
Further, as for at least either one of the warps 4
or the wefts 5', in order to enhance the adhesive bonding
power between the outer woven fabric 17 and the air
impervious layer 3, yarns formed by intertwisting
polyester filament yarns with polyester spun yarns or
polyester twisted long filament yarns should preferably be
used.
The thicknesses and weave densities of these warps
4 and wefts 5' vary with the bore of a pipeline to be
lined and the purpose of use, however, it is generally
preferable to form the outer woven fabric 17 by densely
weaving yarns having a thickness in the range of 500 to
5,000 d.
Next, the inner woven fabric 18 will be described.
As for the wefts 16 to be laid in the inner woven fabric
18, high tensile strength yarns are used generally. As
for the wefts 16, yarns which are sufficiently thicker
than the wefts 5' forming the outer woven fabric 17 should
preferably be used.
When the inner surface of a pipeline is applied
with this lining material to form a lining layer, the
1339253
- 42 -
tubular textile jacket 6 is impregnated wlth a reaction-
curing type resin. As for this reaction-curing type
resin, epoxy resin and unsaturated polyester resin are
used most commonly. Accordingly, as for the wefts 16 to
be laid in the inner woven fabric 18, glass fiber yarns
which are excellent in affinity with epoxy resin and
unsaturated polyester resin and which are capable of
forming a composite material havin~ a high modulus of
elasticity by using such a resin as the matrix thereof
should preferably be used.
Further, the thickness of the wefts 16 varies with
the required degree of shape retaining property of the
lining layer against external pressures. However, the
thickness of the wefts 16 should adequately be such a
magnitude as to ensure that the thickness of the inner
woven fabric 18 becomes about 2 to 10 mm. Further, it is
preferable to use bulky yarns as the wefts 16 because the
apparent thickness of the wefts 16 can be increased thus
making it easier to impregnate them with large quantities
of the reaction-curing type resin. Known a~ the bulking
treatment process are air jet method and steam jet method.
As for warps 19 to be laid in the inner fabric 18,
ordinary synthetic fiber yarns such as polyester yarns and
nylon yarns, etc. can be used, and also yarns identical to
the warps 4 for use in the outer woven fabric 17 may be
1339253
- 43 -
used.
Further, the wefts 16 should preferably be laid at
a considerable density on the inner surface of the outer
woven fabric 17. At least in no load condition, more than
50% of the inner surface of the outer woven fabric 17
should desirably be covered with the wefts 16. If the
covering rate with the wefts 16 i5 low, then the portions
of the outer woven fabric 17 between the adjoining wefts
16 cannot be impregnated with the reaction-curing type
resin thus lowering the content of the resin in the lining
material and making it impossible to enhance sufficiently
the shape retaining property of the lining layer against
external pressures.
Further, the warps 19 should preferably be laid at
much wider intervals than those of the warps 4 laid in the
outer woven fabric 17. By such an arrangement, the
portions of the wefts 16 between the adjoining warps 19
become long and can be impregnated with large quantities
of the reaction-curing type resin.
The method of forming the inner woven fabric 18
and the outer woven fabric 17 is not limited to a
particular one, and a suitable weaving method such as
plain weave and twill weave, etc. can be used.
As in the cases of the above-mentioned first to
~ixth lining materials, the material of the air impervious
13392~3
- 44 -
layer 3 in this lining material i~ selected depending on
the kind of a pipeline to be lined and the kind of the
fluid to flow therethrough, and any one having an
excellent durability is used. Commonly used, in
particular, are thermoplastic polyeste~ elastic resin,
thermoplastic polyurethane elastic resin and polyolefin
series resin, etc.
In Fig. 10, the tubular textile jacket 6 is shown
as being comprised of a double structure formed by the
outer woven fabric 17 and the inner woven fabric 18. It
is possible, however, to locate intermediate woven fabrics
between these two woven fabrics 17 and 18 so as to form a
multi-plies woven fabric structure having three or more
layers. In the innermost woven fabric in the multi-plies
woven fabric structure; that i~; the one forming the
surface adapted to be adhesively bonded to the inner
surface of a pipeline in the lined condition, low
elongation high tensile strength filament yarns are used
as the wefts thereof.
This seventh lining material can meet the
requirements for the above-mentioned lining material for
pipelines such as enh~nced earthquake resistance and shape
retaining property again~t external pressures and al~o the
requirement that the expansion in diameter thereof should
be limited. Furthermore, the use of the above-mentioned
13392~3
- 45 -
structure enables the formation of a lining layer having a
satisfactory shape retaining property against external
pressures without having to increase the thickne~s of the
woven fabric 17 bonded to the air impervious layer and
those of the intermediate woven fabrics beyond the
required values. Further, since the above-mentioned low
elongation high tensile strength filament yarns can be
made sufficiently thick, a lining layer having a high
degree of shape retaining property against external
pressures can be obtained.
Further, because of the reduced in weave density
of the warps 19 laid in the inner woven fabric 18, the
portions of the wefts 16 each consisting of high tensile
strength yarn between the ad~oining fastening yarns on the
surface of the outer woven fabric 17 become long so that
even when large quantities of high tensile strength yarns
are used the resultant lining material is very flexible
and can be handled easily, and also in case the lining
material is inserted into a pipeline while turning it
inside out, the lining material can be evaginated easily
and the evagination thereof can be effected simply under a
low fluid pressure.
Further, by using high tensile strength yarns
treated by bulking process as the wefts 16 for use in the
inner woven fabric 18, the quantity of the reaction-
13~92~
- 46 -
curing type resin with which the inner woven fabric is to
be impregnated can be increased thereby securing a
required thickness of the lining material. Further, by
using in combination polyester filament yarns and
polyester spun yarns or polyester twisted long filament
yarns as the wefts 5l in the outer woven fabric 17, the
adhesive bonding power between the tubular textile jacket
6 and the air impervious layer 3 can be enhanced.
In each of the tubular textile jackets used in the
above-mentioned first to seventh lining materials, in case
highly flexible yarns are used as the warps forming the
textile jacket, a superior lining material can be
provided. That is to say; as for such highly flexible
yarns for use as the warps, elastic yarns such as
polyurethane elastic yarns, etc. coiled with synthetic
fiber yarns can be used, or alternatively synthetic fibers
treated by crimping proces~ may be used. Further, as for
the fibers which are highly flexible per se, polybutylene
terephthalate fiber~ can also be used, and polybutylene
terephthalate fiber yarns treated by crimping process are
most suitable for this purpose.
As for the above-mentioned elastic yarns, besides
polyurethane elastic yarns, rubber yarns, etc. may be
used. However, since rubber yarns are liable to
deteriorate by ultra-violet rays or by heat, polyurethane
133~2~
- 47 -
elastic yarnq are more suitable. Further, the synthetic
fiber yarns to be coiled around the elastic yarns serve to
enhance the shrinkage of the warps, and so, besides
filament yarns and spun yarns of synthetic fibers, crimped
synthetic fiber yarns can be used.
Further, as for the warps, it is preferable to use
polybutylene terephthalate fiber yarnq. Polybutylene
terephthalate fiber yarns per se possess an ultimate
elongation of about 30% and are especially highly flexible
among synthetic fiber yarns and so are suitable as the
above-mentioned warps. Further, by using polybutylene
terephthalate fiber yarns treated by crimping process, the
flexibility of the lining material can be enhanced thereby
providing a more preferable lining material.
~ xamples of the present invention will now be
described below.
~xample 1
This is an example of the first lining material.
A lining material to be applied to a pipeline
having a nominal diameter of 150 mm was produced as
follows.
As for the warps for use in a tubular textile
jacket to be produced, 240 lengths of double-yarns each
being formed by four twisted polyester filament yarns
13392~3
- 48 -
having a thickness of 1,100 d were used, whilst as for the
wefts thereof, 62 lengths of filament yarns of glass
fibers having a thickness of about 6,000 d were picked up
over a span of 10 centimeters 50 as to weave a tubular
textile jacket. An air impervious layer comprised of
thermoplastic polyester elastic resin was formed on the
outer surface of the textile tubular jacket.
The results of various kinds of tests conducted on
the lining material thus obtained are shown in TABLE 1 (1)
and (2).
TABLE 1
(1) Tubular Textile Jacket
Weight of fibrous layer (g/m) 410
Thickness of fibrous layer ~mm) 1.0
Longitudinal strength (kg/cm) 290
Transverse strength (kg/cm) 163
Breaking pressure (kg/cm ) 14.0
Width of tubular textile jacket
in flattened state (mm) 230
Width of tubular textile jacket when
~ubjected to heat treatment to contract
the width in flattened state (mm). 230
_ 49 _ 133925~
TABLE 1
(2) Lining Material
Expansion in diameter 0.0 kg/cm 144 0
of lining material
when subjected to 1.0 " 163 13
pressures indicated
in the right column 2.0 " 172 19
(cm, %)
3.0 " 1~2 19
4.0 " 172 19
5.0 " 172 19
6.0 " 1~2 19
Weight (g/m) 710
Width in flattened state (mm) 224
Thickness (mm) 1.5
Weight of lining layer (g/m) NOTE 1 1140
Weight of adhesive (g/m) 430
Pressure at which buckling2
occurs (kg/cm ) NOTE 2 0.2
Expansion in diameter O.5 kg/cm 146 0
of lining layer when
subjected to pressures 1.0 " 168 15
indicated in the right
column 2.0 " 168 15
(cm, %) NOTE 3
3.0 " 168 15
4.0 " 168 15
5.0 " 168 15
6.0 " 168 15
~OTB 1: Weight of a tubular member obtained by impregnating a
lining material u~ed alone with an adhesive.
~OTE 2: Pressure at which buckling of a pipe consisting of the
lining layer formed by the lining material applied to
the inner surface of a main pipe occurs when hydrostatic
pressure is applied from a T-~haped branched pipe to the
lining layer after the main pipe has been lined.
~OTE 3: Mea~urements were made on the tubular member Re. NOTE 1.
13392~3
- 50 -
Example 2
This is an example of the second lining material.
A lining material to be applied to a pipeline
having a nominal diameter of 150 mm was produced as
follows.
As for the warps for use in a tubular textile
~acket to be produced, 240 lengths of double-yarnq each
being formed by four twisted polyester filament yarns
having a thickness of 1,100 d were used, whilqt as for the
wefts thereof, 39 lengths of filament yarns of glass
fibers having a thickness of about 6,000 d were picked up
for a span of 10 centimeters so as to form a tubular
textile ~acket using plain weave method.
Subse~uently, bulky yarns each being made up of
eight twisted nylon yarns having a thickness of 1,700 d
treated by bulking process were used and laid spirally at
a rate of 13 lengths over a span of 10 centimeters inside
of the tubular textile jacket, and the bulky yarns were
fastened by the warps six lengths apart so as to form a
fibrous layer.
An air impervious layer comprised of thermoplastic
polyester elastic resin was formed on the outer surface of
the fibrous layer thus obtained.
The results of various kinds of tests conducted on
the thus produced lining material are shown in TABLE 2 (1)
- 51 - 13392~3
and (2).
TABLE 2
(1) Fibrous Layer
Weight of fibrous layer (g/m) 440
Thickness of fibrous layer (mm) 2.5
Longitudinal strength (kg/cm~ 290
Transverse strength (kg/cm~ 85
Breaking pressure (kg/cm ~ 6.5
Width of fibrous layer
in flattened state (mm~ 230
Width of fibrous layer when subjected
to heat treatment to contract
the width in flattened state (~ 230
~3392~3
- 52 -
TABLE 2
(2) Lining Material
Expansion in diameter 0.0 kg/cm2 144 0
of lining material
when subjected to 1.0 " 165 15
pressures indicated
in the right column 2.0 " 172 19
(cm, %)
3.0 " 172 19
4.0 " 172 19
5.0 " 172 19
6.0 " - ~
Weight (g/m) 740
Width in flattened state (mm) 224
Thickness (mm) 3.0
Weight of lining layer (g/m) NOT~ 1 1620
Weight of adhesive (g/m) 880
Pressure at which buckling2
occurs (kg/cm ) NOTE 2 2.1
Expansion in diameter 0.5 kg/cm 146 0
of lining layer when
subjected to pressures 1.0 " 168 15
indicated in the right
column 2.0 " 168 15
(cm, %) NOTE 3
3.0 " 168 15
4.0 " 168 15
5.0 " 168 15
6.0 " 168 15
NOTES 1-3 : same as TABLE 1
133~2~3
Example 3
This is an example of the fourth lining material.
A lining material to be applied to a pipeline
having a nominal diameter of 150 mm was produced as
follow~.
As for the warps for use in a tubular textile
jacket to be produced, 240 lengths of double-yarns each
being formed by four twisted polyester filament yarns
having a thickness of 1,100 d were used, whilst as for the
wefts thereof, 39 lengths of yarns each being formed by
intertwisting one length of polyester filament yarn having
a thickness of 1,100 d with 6 lengths of polyester spun
yarns with 20 yarn count number were picked up over a span
of 10 centimeters so as to form a tubular textile jacket
using plain weave method.
Sub~equently, bulky yarns each being formed by
four twisted glass fiber yarns having a thickness of about
8,000 d treated by bulking process were laid spirally at a
rate of 13 lengths over a span of 10 centimeters inside of
the tubular textile jacket, and the bulky yarns were
fastened by the warps six lengths apart so as to form a
fibrous layer.
Then, an air impervious layer comprised of
thermoplastic polyester elastic resin was formed on the
outer surface of the fibrous layer thus obtained.
13392~3
- 54 -
The results of various kinds of tests made on the
lining material thus obtained are shown in TABLE 3 (1) and
(2).
TABLE 3
(1) Fibrous Layer
Weight of fibrous layer (g/m) 470
Thickness of fibrous layer (mm) 2.5
Longitudinal strength (kg/cm) 294
Transverse strength (kg/cm) 55.5
Breaking pre~sure (kg/cm ) 6.0
Width of fibrous layer
in flattened state (mm) 239
Width of fibrous layer when subjected
to heat treatment to contract
the width in flattened state (mm) 230
13392s3
TABLE 3
(2~ Lining Material
~xpansion in diameter 0.O kg/cm2 144 0
of lining material
when subjected to 1.0 " 168 17
pressures indicated
in the right column 2.0 " 172 19
~cm, %)
3.0 " 172 19
4.0 " 172 19
5.0 " 172 19
6.0 " - -
Weight (g/m) 770
Width in flattened state (mm) 224
Thickness (mm) 3.0
Weight of lining layer (g/m) NOTE 1 1650
Weight of adhesive (g/m) 880
Pressure at which buckling2
occurs (kg/cm ) NOTE 2 3.0
~xpansion in diameter 0.5 kg/cm2 146 0
of lining layer when
subjected to pressures 1.0 " 168 15
indicated in the right
column 2.0 " 168 15
(cm, %) NOTE 3
3.0 " 168 15
4.0 " 168 15
5.0 " 168 15
6.0 " 168 15
NOTES 1-3 : same as TABLL 1
13392~3
- 56 -
Comparat$ve ~xample 1
As a comparative example, a lining material to be
applied to a pipeline having a nominal diameter of 150 mm
was produced as follows.
As for the warps for use in a tubular textile
jacket to be produced, 240 lengths of double-yarns each
being formed by four twisted polyester filament yarns
having a thickness of 1,100 d were used, whilst as for the
wefts thereof, 62 lengths of yarns each being formed by
intertwisting one length of polyester filament yarns
having a thickness of 1,100 d with 6 lengths of polyester
spun yarn~ with 20 yarn count number were picked up over a
span of 10 centimeters so as to form a tubular textile
jacket. Thereafter, an air impervious layer comprised of
thermoplastic polyester elastic resin was formed on the
outer surface of the tubular textile jacket.
The results of various kinds of tests made on the
lining material thus obtained are shown in TABLE 4 (1) and
(2).
13392~3
- 57 -
TABLE 4
~1) Tubular Textile Jacket
Weight of fibrous layer (g/m) 380
Thickness of fibrous layer (mm) 1.0
Longitudinal strength (kg/cm) 289
Transverse strength (kg/cm) 90.6
Breaking pressure (kg/cm ) 8.0
Width of tubular textile jacket
in flattened state (mm) 245
Width of tubular textile jacket when
subjected to heat treatment to contract
the width in flattened state (mm) 230
13392~3
- 58 -
TA~LE 4
(2) Lining Material
Expansion in diameter 0.0 kg/cm 144 0
of lining material
when subjected to 1.0 " 151 5
pressures indicated
in the right column 2.0 " 157 g
(cm, %)
3.0 " 173 20
4.0 " 175 22
5.0 " 178 24
6.0 " 180 25
Weight (g/m) 680
Width in flattened state (mm) 224
Thickness (mm) 1.5
Weight of lining layer (g/m) NOTE 1 1110
Weight of adhesive (g/m) 430
Pressure at which buckling2
occurs (kg/cm ) NOTE 2 0.05
Expansion in diameter 0.5 kg/cm2 146 0
of lining layer when
subjected to pressures 1.0 " 147
indicated in the right
column 2.0 " 156 7
(cm, %) NOTE 3
3.0 " 169 16
4.0 " 175 20
5.0 " 178 22
6.0 " 180 23
NOTES 1-3 : same as TABLE 1
133g2~3
- 59 -
Comparative ~xample 2
As another comparative example, a lining material
to be applied to a pipeline having a nominal diameter of
150 mm was produced as follows.
As for the warps for use in a tubular textile
jacket to be produced, 240 lengths of double-yarns each
being formed by four twi~ted polyester filament yarns
having a thickness of 1,100 d were used, whilst as for the
wefts thereof, 39 lengths of yarns each being formed by
intertwisting one length of polyester filament yarn having
a thickness of 1,100 d with 6 lengths of polyester spun
yarns with 20 yarn count number were picked up over a span
of 10 centimeters so as to form a tubular textile ~acket
using plain weave method.
Subsequently, bulky yarns each being formed by
eight twisted nylon yarns having a thickness of 1,700 d
treated by bulking process were laid spirally at a rate of
13 lengths over a span of 10 centimeters inside of the
tubular textile jacket, and the bulky yarns were fastened
by the above-mentioned warp~ ~ix lengths apart so as to
form a fibrous layer.
Then, an air impervious layer comprised of
thermoplastic polyester elastic re~in was formed on the
outer surface of the fibrous layer thus produced.
The results of various kind~ of tests made on the
13392~3
- 60 -
lining material thus obtained are shown in TABLE 5 (1) and
(2).
TABLE 5
(1) Fibrous Layer
Weight of fibrous layer (g/m) 440
Thickness of fibrous layer (mm) 2.5
Longitudinal strength (kg/cm) 289
Transverse strength (kg/cm) 45.5
Breaking pressure (kg/cm ) 4.2
Width of fibrous layer
in flattened state (mm) 239
Width of fibrous layer when subjected
to heat treatment to contract
the width in flattened state (mm) 230
13392~3
- 61 -
TABLE S
(2) Lining Material
Bxpansion in diameter 0.0 kg/cm2 144 0
of lining material
when subjected to 1.0 " 165 15
pressures indicated
in the right column 2.0 " 172 19
(cm, %)
3.0 " 180 23
4.0 " _ _
5.0 "
6.0 "
Weight (g/m) 740
Width in flattened state (mm) 224
Thickness (mm) 3.0
Weight of lining layer (g/m) NOTE 1 1620
Weight of adhesive (g/m) 880
Pressure at which buckling2
occurs (kg/cm ) NOTE 2 1.7
Bxpansion in diameter 0.5 kg/cm2 146 0
of lining layer when
subjected to pressures 1.0 " 160 10
indicated in the right
column 2.0 " 16g 16
(cm, %) NOTE 3
3.0 " 180 23
4.0 "
5.0 "
6.0 "
NOTBS 1-3 : same as TABLE 1
