Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
13 4 0 s3~.~.-
Composition for wetting hydrophobic capillary materials and
the use thereof
The present invention relates to a novel composition
and to the use thereof: for wetting hydrophobic capillary
materials so as to effect an almost complete deaeration of
said materials in addj.tion to a rapid wetting.
According to one aspect of the invention there is
provided a composition for wetting capillary materials, which
composition comprises at least
(a) 10-60~ by weight of a water-soluble nonionic
surfactant
(b) 2-10~ by wej.ght of a trialkyl ester of an aliphatic
hydroxytricarboxylic acid containing 4 to 8 carbon atoms in
each of the alkyl moieties, and
( c ) 88-30~ by wE~ight of water .
Compound (b) used in the practice of this invention
preferably is liquid.
Suitable t r~.alkyl esters of aliphat is hydroxyt ri-
carboxylic acids containing 4 to 8 carbon atoms in each of the
alkyl moiet ies includes for example t ributyl cit rate . Mixtures
of such compounds may also be used.
29276-75
- 2 -
Throughout this specification, the term "very slightly soluble in water"
will be understood as referring to an organic liquid, one part of which
dissolves in 1 000 to 10 000 parts of water at 20°C (q.v. Martindale,
The
Extra Pharmacopeia, 28th edition, London, The Pharmaceutical Press, 1982,
X111 .
The surfactants may be anionic, cationic, amphoteric or, preferably,
non-ionic surfactants. They may be used singly or as mixtures.
Examples of suitable anionic surfactants are:
- sulfated aliphatic alcohols which contain 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the
alkyl chain, e.g. sulfated lauryl alcohol;
- sulfated unsaturated fatty acids or fatty acid lower alkyl esters which
contain 8 to 20 carbon atoms in the fatty radical, e.g. ricinolic acid
and oils containing .such fatty acids, e.g. castor oil;
- alkylsulfonates containing 8 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain,
e.g. dodecylsulfonate;
- alkylarylsulfonates with linear or branched alkyl chain containing not
less than 6 carbon atoms, e.g. dodecylbenzenesulfonates or 3,7-diiso-
butylnaphthalenesulfonates;
- sulfonates of polyca:rboxy:lates, for example dioctyl sulfosuccinate or
sulfosuccinimides;
- the alkali metal salts, ammonium salts or amine salts of fatty acids
containing 10 to 20 carbon atoms, e.g. rosin salts, classified as
soaps;
- esters of polyalcoho:ls, especially mono- or diglycerides of fatty acids
containing 12 to 18 carbon :atoms, e.g. monoglycerides of lauric,
stearic or oleic acid; and
- the adducts of 1 to fi0 moles of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide
with fatty amines, fatty acids or fatty alcohols, each containing 8 to
22 carbon atoms, with alkylphenols containing 4 to 16 carbon atoms in
the alkyl chain, or with tr:ihydric to hexahydric alkanols containing 3
to 6 carbon atoms, which adducts are converted into an acid ester with
an organic dicarboxylic acid, e.g. malefic acid or sulfosuccinic acid,
but preferably with <in inorganic polybasic acid such as o-phosphoric
acid or sulfuric acid.
1340b4~
- 3 -
Further suitable anionic surfactants are derivatives of alkylene oxide
adducts, e.g. adducts of alkylene oxides, preferably of ethylene oxide
and/or propylene oxide or also styrene oxide, with organic hydroxyl,
carboxyl, amino and/or amido compounds containing aliphatic hydrocarbon
radicals having a total of not less than 4 carbon atoms, or mixtures of
such compounds, which adducts contain acid ether groups or, preferably,
acid ester groups of inorganic or organic acids. These acid ethers or
esters can be in the form of the free acids or salts, e.g. alkali metal
salts, alkaline earth metal salts, ammonium or amine salts.
These anionic surfactants are obtained by known methods, by addition of
at least 1 mol, preferably of more than 1 mol, e.g. 2 to 60 mol, of
ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, or alternately, in any order, ethylene
oxide and propylene oxide, to the above organic compounds, and subse-
quently etherifying or esterifying the adducts, and, if desired, con-
verting the ethers or esters into their salts. Suitable starting ma-
terials are e.g. higher fatty alcohols, i.e. alkanols or alkenols, each
containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms, dihydric to hexahydric aliphatic
alcohols containing 2 to 9 carbon atoms, alicyclic alcohols, phenyl-
phenols, benzylphenols, alkylphenols containing one or more alkyl
substituents which together contain at least 4 carbon atoms, fatty acids
containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms, amines Which contain aliphatic and/or
cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having not less than 8 carbon atoms,
especially fatty amines containing such radicals, hydroxyalkylamines,
hydroxyalkylamides and aminoalkyl esters of fatty acids or dicarboxylic
acids and higher alkyl,ated aryloxycarboxylic acids.
Very suitable anionic surfactants are acid esters, or salts thereof, of a
polyadduct of 2 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide with 1 mol of a fatty alcohol
containing 8 to 22 carlbon atoms, or with 1 mol of a phenol which contains
at least one benzyl group, one phenyl group or preferably one alkyl group
containing not less than 4 carbon atoms, e.g. benzylphenol, dibenzyl-
phenol, dibenzyl(nonyl)phenol, a-methylbenzylphenol, bis(a-methylbenzyl)-
phenol, tris(a-methylb~anzyl)phenol, o-phenylphenol, butylphenol, tri-
butylphenol, octylphenol, nonylphenol, dodecylphenol or pentadecylphenol.
- 4 -
Particularly suitable anionic surfactants are those of formula
( 1 ) R-0-( C H Z CH Z 0-~-X ,
m
wherein R is alkyl or alkenyl, each of 8 to 22 carbon atoms, alkylphenyl
containing 4 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety, or o-phenylphenyl, X
is the acid radical of an inorganic oxygen-containing acid, for example
phosphoric acid or, preferably, sulfuric acid, or is also the radical of
an organic acid for example malefic acid, succinic acid or sulfosuccinic
acid, and m is 2 to 30, preferably 2 to 15; and, in particular, those of
formula
(2) R1-0--(CHZCHZO~X1
m
wherein R1 is alkyl or alkenyl, each of 8 to 22 carbon atoms, X1 is
carboxyalkyl containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety, for
example carboxymethyl, carboxyethyl or carboxypropyl, and m is 2 to 30,
preferably 2 to 15.
The alkyl moiety of al:kylphenyl is preferably in para-position. The alkyl
moieties of alkylphenyl may be butyl, hexyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, p-tert-
octyl, p-isononyl, dec:yl or dodecyl. Alkyl radicals of 8 to 12 carbon
atoms are preferred, octyl or nonyl radicals being most preferred.
The fatty alcohols for preparing the anionic surfactants of formulae (1)
and (2) are, for example, those containing 8 to 22, preferably 8 to 18,
carbon atoms, for example oct;yl, decyl, lauryl, tridecyl, myristyl,
cetyl, stearyl, oleyl, arachidyl or behenyl alcohol.
The acid radical X is derived, for example, from a low molecular di-
carboxylic acid, e.g. :E'rom ma.leic acid, succinic acid or sulfosuccinic
acid, and is linked to the oxyethylene part of the molecule through an
ester bridge. In particular, ;~C is derived from an inorganic polybasic
acid such as sulfuric acid and, in particular, orthophosphoric acid. The
acid radical X can be .in salt form, i.e. for example in the form of an
alkali metal salt, ammonium salt or amine salt. Examples of such salts
are: lithium, sodium, potassium, ammonium, trimethylamine, ethanolamine,
diethanolamine or triet:hanolamine salts.
134~~~-~
- 5 -
Anionic surfactants of formula (2) are prepared in a manner which is
known per se, for example by reacting an ethoxylated fatty alcohol with a
halogenated lower carboxylic acid of 2 to 4 carbon atoms in the presence
of, for example, aqueous sodium hydroxide. They can also be used in the
form of their salts, for example as alkali metal salts, ammonium salts or
amine salts. Examples of such salts are lithium, sodium, potassium,
ammonium, trimethylamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine or triethanolamine
salts. The sodium salts are preferred.
Suitable nonionic surfactants are polyadducts of 4 to 100 mol of
alkylene oxide, for example ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, with 1 mol
of an aliphatic monoalcohol containing not less than 4 carbon atoms, of a
trihydric to hexahydric aliphatic alcohol, of a phenol or alkyl-, benzyl-
or phenyl-substituted phenol or of a Ce-CZZfatty alcohol. Preferred
nonionic surfactants are polyadducts of CS-CZZmonoalcohols with 8 to
40 mol of ethylene oxide. Some of the polyadducts may be terminally
etherified with alkyl groups of preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
Such terminally blocked surfactants may be prepared in a manner which is
known per se, for example by reacting the alkylene oxide adducts with
thionyl chloride and subsequently reacting the resultant chloro compound
with a fatty alcohol or short-chain alcohol.
The aliphatic monoalcohols may be, for example, water-insoluble mono-
alcohols of preferably 8 to 22 carbon atoms. These alcohols may be
saturated or unsaturated and branched or straight chain, and may be used
singly or in admixture. Natural alcohols such as myristyl alcohol, cetyl
alcohol, stearyl alcohol or oleyl alcohol, or synthetic alcohols such as
preferably 2-ethylhexa;nol, also trimethylhexanol, trimethylnonyl alcohol,
hexadecyl alcohol or linear primary alcohols containing on average 8-10,
10-14, 12, 16, 18 or 20-22 carbon atoms, can be reacted with the alkylene
oxide, preferably ethylene oxide.
Further aliphatic alcohols which can be reacted with alkylene oxide are
trihydric to hexahydric alk~anols. These alcohols contain 3 to 6 carbon
atoms and are, in particular, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, erythritol,
l3~os~~
- 6 -
mannitol, pentaerythritol and sorbitol. The trihydric to hexahydric
alcohols are preferably reacted with propylene oxide or ethylene oxide or
with a mixture thereof.
Examples of unsubstituted or substituted phenols are phenol, a-methyl-
benzyl phenol, bis(a-m~ethyl'benzyl)phenol, tris(a-methylbenzyl)phenol,
o-phenylphenol or alkylphenols which contain 1 to 16, preferably 4 to 12,
carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety. Examples of these alkylphenols are
p-cresol, butyl phenol, tributyl phenol, octyl phenol and, preferably,
nonyl phenol.
The fatty acids preferably contain 8 to 22 carbon atoms and may be
saturated or unsaturat~sd. They are typically capric, lauric, myristic,
palmitic or stearic acid, and decenoic, dodecenoic, tetradecenoic,
hexadecenoic, oleic, l:inole:ic, linolenic or, preferably, ricinolic acid.
Examples of suitable nonionic surfactants are:
- polyadducts of preferably 4 to 30 mol of alkylene oxide, in particular
ethylene oxide, in which adducts individual ethylene oxide units may be
replaced by substitusted epo:xides, such as styrene oxide and/or
propylene oxide, with higher unsaturated or saturated monoalcohols,
fatty acids, fatty amines or fatty amides of 8 to 22 carbon atoms or
with phenylphenol, a--methylbenzylphenol, bis(a-methylbenzyl)phenol,
tris(a-methylbenzyl)phenol o r alkylphenols whose alkyl moieties contain
not less than 4 carbon atoms;
- alkylene oxide, in p<3rticular ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide
condensates;
- reaction products of a fatty acid of 8 to 22 carbon atoms and a primary
or secondary amine having at least one hydroxy(lower alkyl) or (lower
alkoxy)(lower alkyl) group, or adducts of alkylene oxide with these
hydroxyalkylated reaction products, the reaction taking place such that
the molecular ratio of hydroxyalkylamine to fatty acid may be l:l or
greater than 1, for Example 1:1 to 2:1;
1340aø~
_,_
- polyadducts of propylene oxide with a trihydric to hexahydric aliphatic
alcohol of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, for example glycerol or penta-
erythritol, said polypropylene oxide adducts having an average
molecular weight of 250 to 1800, preferably 400 to 900; and
- esters of polyalcohols, preferably mono- or diglycerides of Clz-Cis-
fatty acids, for example monoglycerides of lauric, stearic or oleic
acid.
Very suitable nonionic surfactants are polyadducts of 10 to 15 mol of
ethylene oxide with 1 mol of fatty alcohol or fatty acid, each containing
8 to 22 carbon atoms, or with 1 mol of alkylphenol containing a total of
4 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety or, more particularly, fatty
acid diethanolamides containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms in the fatty acid
radical, most preferably lauryl diethanolamide or coconut fatty acid
diethanolamide.
Suitable nonionic surfactants are also those of the amine oxide or
sulfoxide type.
Suitable cationic surfactants are compounds which contain amino, imino,
quaternary ammonium or immonium groups, tertiary phosphino, quaternary
phosphonium or sulfonium groyps, and also thiouronium or guanidium
groups, as basic subst:ituents. Preferred cationic surfactants are fatty
amines and acid salts ithereof or quaternary ammonium compounds each
containing not less than one .aliphatic hydrocarbon radical of 6 to 22
carbon atoms which may be interrupted by oxygen atoms.
Further suitable cationic sur:Eactants are monoamines or polyamines
containing two or more, preferably two to five, basic nitrogen atoms,
which amines contain at: least one polyglycol ether chain and at least one
lipophilic substituent, for example alkyl or alkenyl, each of 8 to 22
carbon atoms, and which may be partially or completely quaternised.
Yet further cationic surfactants are N-alkylated cyclic ammonium
compounds, for example derived from unsaturated heterocyclic compounds
such as pyridinium, qu_Lnolinium, isoquinolinium, phthalazinium, benz-
t3~o~~4
_8_
imidazolium, benzothiazolium, benzotriazolium and imidazolinium deriva-
tives, or from saturated heterocyclic compounds such as pyrrolidinium,
piperidinium, morpholinium, thiamorpholinium, piperazinium, 1,3-benz-
oxazinium, 1,3,5-trialkylhexahydro-1,3,5-triazinium and N-hexahydro-
azepinium derivatives. Such surfactants are described, for example, in
E. Jungermann, Cationic Surfactants, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York and
Basel, 1970, page 71 et seq.
Suitable cationic surfactants are also polyammonium polymers, for example
those described in US patent specifications 4 247 476 and 4 349 532.
Suitable amphoteric surfactants are, for example, carboxy derivatives of
imidazole, carboxybetaines, sulfobetaines, sulfoniobetaines and phos-
phonobetaines, as well as other phosphorus-containing betaines. Such
surfactants are described in B.R. Bluestein and C.L. Hilton, "Amphoteric
Surfactants", Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York and Basel, 1982, pages 1-173.
Examples of further amphoteric surfactants are those of the amino acid
type containing carboxyl, sulfonate or sulfate anions, for example the
N-fatty amine propionates, the asparagine derivatives, the alkyl dimethyl
ammonium acetates, the fatty alkyl dimethyl carboxymethylammonium salts
and monoamines or polyamines containing two or more, preferably two to
five, basic nitrogen atoms, Which amines contain, per basic nitrogen
atom, at least one acid etherified or esterified polyglycol ether chain
and at least one lipoplailic substituent, and which may in addition be
partially or completely quaternised (q. v. B.R. Bluestein and C.L. Hilton,
op. cit., pages 175-22.3).
Suitable hydrophobic capillary materials are mainly fibre materials. They
may, however, also be materials in powder form.
Fibre materials which may suitably be treated with the compositions of
this invention are synthetic :Fibres, for example polyamide, polyester,
acrylic, polypropylene, polyc;arbonate, polyurethane-elastomer fibres,
regenerated cellulose :E'ibres, or natural fibres such as raw cotton, flax,
wool and silk.
_ g _
Polyamide fibres will be understood as meaning synthetic polyamide fibre
material, for example polyamide 6, polyamide 66 or polyamide 12.
Polyester fibres will be understood as meaning preferably man-made high
molecular weight fibres made from linear aromatic polyesters (usually
polycondensates of terephthalic acid and glycols, especially ethylene
glycol, or polycondensates or terephthalic acid and 1,4-bis(hydroxy-
methyl)hexahydrobenzene.
Acrylic fibres will be understood as meaning, for example, fibres which
contain not less than 85 % of polymerised acrylonitrile. Such acrylic
fibres normally consist of ternary copolymers and 85-95 % of acrylo-
nitrile, 4-10 % of a nonionic comonomer and 0.5 -1 % of an ionic comono-
mer containing a sulfo or sulfonate group.
Polycarbonate fibres are mainly homo- and copolymer polycarbonates, for
example the polymer of bisphenol A and phosgene.
Polyurethane-elastomer fibres will be understood as meaning, for example,
the elastic fibres whi~~h are obtained by reacting low molecular diiso-
cyanates with long-chain, low-melting dihydroxy compounds, for example
copolyesters of adipic acid and a mixture of diols, for example of
ethylene glycol and 1,:2-propanediol or 1,6-hexanediol.
Polypropylene fibres wall be understood as meaning in particular fibres
which consists of homopolymers of propylene and copolymers of propylene
and other aliphatic 1-0 lefins of 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
Examples of materials :in powder form which may be treated with the
compositions of this invention are activated carbon and vat and disperse
dyes.
The compositions of this invention may contain further ingredients such
as antifoams, viscosity regulators, electrolytes or preservatives.
13 4 0 ~'~.~.
- 10 -
Suitable antifoams are, for example, those disclosed in DE-B- 26 25 706.
They may also be, however, those based on silicone oil, or alkylene
diamides containing amide groups of formula RCONH-, wherein R is an
aliphatic or cycloal.iphatic: radical such as C9-CZ~alkyl or cyclohexyl.
Further antifoams are described in DE-A-1 5'19 967
or EP-A- 0 207 0~2. Preferred antifoams are those
based on silicone oils.
The compositions of this invention are prepared by mixing the water-
soluble surfactant with water, with or without the application of heat,
and adding to the homogeneous solution the very slightly water-soluble
amphiphilic compound and also the optional antifoam.
The compositions of this invention contain the water-soluble surfactants
and the amphiphilic organic compound in a weight ratio of 20:1 to 1:1,
preferably of 10:1 to 2:1.
The compositions of this invention may be used undiluted or diluted with
water. Application baths for the treatment of textiles may contain 0.01
to 50 g/1, preferably 3 to 20 g/1 and, most preferably, 3 to 5 g/1, of
the composition.
Preferred compositions comprise:
10-60 % by weight, preferably 10-50 % by weight, of water-soluble
surfactant,
2-10 % by weight of amph:iphilic organic compound, preferably in liquid
form,
0.2-2 % by weight of antifoam,
87.8-38 % by weight of water.
The invention is illustrated in more detail by the following Examples, in
which parts and percentages are by weight.
13408c~4
- 11 -
Preparatory Examples
Example 1: 50 parts of sodiunu dodecylbenzene sulfonate are mixed with
36.25 parts of water while heating to 50-60°C, and the mixture is
homogenised by stirring. To the homogeneous solution are then added
12.5 parts of tributyl citrate and 1.25 parts of antifoam consisting for
example of 85 % of silicone oil and 15 % of pyrogenic silicic acid. A
highly viscous liquid is obtained.
Example 2: 20 parts of lauryl diethanolamide are mixed at 50-60°C
with
74.5 parts of water, and the mixture is homogenised by stirring. To the
homogeneous solution are then added 5 parts of tributyl citrate and
0.5 part of antifoam according to Example 1. A pourable, storage-stable
liquid is obtained.
Example 3: 20 parts of hexadecylpyridinium chloride are mixed at 50-
60°C
with 75 parts of water, and the mixture is homogenised by stirring. To
the homogeneous solution are then added 5 parts of tributyl citrate. A
viscous, storage-stable liquid is obtained.
Comparably good formulations are obtained by using in Example 1 to 3
instead of tributyl citrate, 5 parts of tetrabutyl urea, tributylamine,
bis(2-ethylhexyl)amine, dibutylaminoethanol or geraniol.
Example 4: 50 parts of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate are mixed at
50-60°C with 37.5 parts of water, and the mixture is homogenised by
stirring. To the homogeneous solution are then added 12.5 parts of
tetrabutyl urea. A highly viscous solution is obtained.
Example 5: 60 parts of the carboxymethylated adduct of 5 mol of ethylene
oxide with 1 mol of lauryl alcohol are mixed with 26 parts of water, and
the mixture is homogenised by stirring. To the homogeneous solution are
added, in succession, 8 parts of tributyl citrate, 1 part of the antifoam
according to Example 1, and 5 parts of 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol. A
viscous, storage-stabl~a formulation is obtained.
1340~~~
- 12 -
Example 6: 30 parts of coconut fatty acid diethanolamide are mixed with
parts of the carboxymethylated adduct of 2.5 mol of ethylene oxide
with 1 mol of lauryl alcohol and 45.9 parts of water, and the mixture is
homogenised by stirring. With stirring, 3.5 parts of tributyl citrate,
0.6 part of the antifoam according to Example 1 and 10 parts of an
aqueous mixture of the mixture of oligomers of phosphoric acid esters
disclosed in US patent specification 4 254 063, sodium gluconate and
magnesium chloride (in the ratio of 2:1:1) are then added. A viscous,
storage-stable formulation is obtained.
Example 7: 30 parts of coconut fatty acid diethanolamide are mixed with
10 parts of the carbox;ymeth;ylated adduct of 2.5 mol of ethylene oxide
with 1 mol of lauryl alcohol and 27.9 parts of water, and the mixture is
homogenised by stirring. With constant stirring, 3.5 parts of tributyl
citrate, 0.6 part of tlae antifoam according to Example 1, 10 parts of the
mixture of oligomers o:E phosphoric acid esters disclosed in US patent
specification 4 254 063, 11 parts of 50 % KOH and 7 parts of a 70
solution of sorbitol a:re then added in succession. A viscous, storage-
stable formulation is obtained.
Example 8: 30 parts of coconut fatty acid diethanolamide are mixed with
10 parts of the carboxymethylated adduct of 2.5 mol of ethylene oxide
with 1 mol of lauryl a:Lcohol and 54.5 parts of water, and the mixture is
homogenised by stirring. Then 4.5 parts of acetyl tributyl citrate and
1 parts of the antifoarn according to Example 1 are added in succession. A
viscous, storage-stable formulation is obtained.
Example 9: The procedure of Example 8 is repeated, using 4.5 parts of
tetrabutyl urea in place of acetyl tributyl citrate. A viscous, storage-
stable formulation is obtained.
Example 10: 30 parts oi: coconut fatty acid diethanolamide are mixed with
10 parts of the carboxymethyla3ted adduct of 2.5 mol of ethylene oxide
with 1 mol of lauryl aJlcohol <;nd 49.5 parts of water, and the mixture is
homogenised by stirring. Then 4.5 parts of tributyl citrate, and 5 parts
of an antifoam consisting of 47 parts of butyl acrylate/2-ethylhexyl
maleate, 39 parts of i:>opalmil:yl alcohol, 7 parts of an ethoxylated
- 13 -
polydimethyl siloxane, 3.5 parts of the polyadduct of 9 mol of ethylene
oxide and 1 mol of styrene oxide with 1 mol of Cl3oxoalcohol and
3.5 parts of oleic acid are added. A viscous, storage-stable formulation
is obtained.
Example 11: The procedure of Example 10 is repeated, replacing the
antifoam used therein ~by 5 parts of a formulation comprising 1.65 parts
of N,N'-ethylenebis(st~earamide), 2 parts of magnesium stearate, 37 parts
of bis(2-ethylhexyl)maleate, 37.35 parts of paraffin oil (Shelloil
L 6189), 11 parts of a nonionic emulsifier, for example Tween 65~ and
11 parts of an anionic emulsifier, for example Phospholan PNP9~. A
viscous, storage-stable formulation is obtained.
Example 12: 25 parts of the polyadduct (OH-127) of 4 mol of ethylene
oxide and 1 mol of styrene oxide with 1 mol of C9-Clloxoalcohol are mixed
with 72 parts of water and the mixture is homogenised by stirring. Then
2.5 parts of tributyl ~~itrate and 0.5 part of a silicone antifoam are
added in succession. A low viscosity, storage-stable formulation is
obtained.
Example 13: 25 parts o:E the malefic acid monoester of the polyadduct of
35 mol of ethylene oxide and 1 mol of styrene oxide with 1 mol of stearyl
alcohol are mixed with 72 parts of water, and the mixture is homogenised
by stirring. Then 2.5 warts of tributyl citrate and 0.5 part of a
silicone antifoam are .added in succession. A viscous, storage-stable
formulation is obtained.
Example 14: 20 parts o:E lauryl diethanolamide and 5 parts of the carboxy-
methylated adduct of 11) mol of ethylene oxide with 1 mol of lauryl
alcohol are mixed at 51)°C with 59 parts of water, and the mixture is
homogenised by stirring. To t';he homogeneous solution are then added, in
succession, 5 parts of tribut;yl citrate, 1 part of the antifoam according
to Example 1, 5 parts of polyethylene glycol 400 and 5 parts of 2-methyl-
2,4-pentandiol. A viscous, storage-stable formulation is obtained.
- 14 - 13408~~-
Use Examples
Example A: A starch-sized raw cotton fabric is desized by padding it
with an aqueous liquor which contains the following ingredients:
1 g/1 of enzymatic des.izing agent, for example amylase,
4 g/1 of sodium chloride, and
3 g/1 of the formulation of Example 2.
The fabric is expressed to a pick-up of 100 % and stored for 2 hours at
80°C. The fabric is than rinsed in conventional manner with warm and
cold
water and thereafter dried.
To test the quality of the desizing, the fabric is treated with a
solution of iodine/potassium iodide. The blue coloration which occurs if
starch size is still present is assessed.
The fabric is rapidly wetted .and completely deaerated by addition of the
formulation of Example 2.
Example B: To dye a cotton knitted fabric, the material is padded at a
temperature of 20-30°C and for an immersion time of 3-5 seconds, and
expressed to a pick-up of 100 %.
The padding liquor contains the following ingredients:
18 g/1 of the dye of formula
N
HQ l~H ~ \ -NHCHZCHzOCHZCHzSOzCH=CHz
.-.
H C=CHSO -~/ ~~-N=N--~/ \~/~\~
z z \ / I II I
._.
\./~\.// \ 1
H03S~ S03H
g/1 of the formulation of Example 4,
5 g/1 of the graft polymer prepared according to Instruction 2 of
European patent: application 111 454, as binder for the liquor,
2 g/1 of a dispersant, for example sulfonaphthalene/formaldehyde
condensate,
-15 - 134~g4~-
3 g/1 of sodium m-nitrobenzenesulfonate,
70 ml/1 of water glass of 37-40° Be, and
18 ml/1 of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution of 36° Be.
The knitted fabric is atored at 20-30°C for 8 hours, during which
time
the dye is fixed.
The fabric is rapidly wetted .and deaerated by addition of the formulation
of Example 4. A level and fast dyeing is obtained on the treated cotton.
Example C: A raw cotton yarn package is put into a circulation dyeing
machine which contains 3 g/1 ~of an aqueous warm formulation of 30°C of
the wetting agent obtained in Example 2.
The package is rapidly wetted through and deaerated by the strong wetting
and deaerating action of the formulation and can be dyed in conventional
manner, at a liquor ratio of 1:40, with a dye liquor comprising:
7 g/kg of a vat dye consisting of a mixture of Vat Blue 4 C.I. 69 800
and Vat Blue 6 C.I. 69 825 in the ratio 1:3,
2 g/1 of a fatty alk;~lbenzimidazole sulfonate,
9 g/1 of sodium hydrosulfit~e, and
25 ml/1 of 30 % aqueoua sodium hydroxide solution.
After homogeneous dispersion of the ingredients, the dye liquor is heated
to 60°C over 30 minute, and t'he cotton yarn is dyed for 60 minutes at
this temperature. The ;roods are then oxidised, soaped, rinsed and dried
in conventional manner. The yarn package is rapidly wetted and completely
deaerated by addition of the Formulation of Example 2, to give a uniform
dye penetration of the package.
Example D: To bleach a raw cotton fabric, the substrate is padded at room
temperature and for an immersion time of 3 to 5 seconds and expressed to
a pick-up of 95 %. The bleaching bath contains the following ingredients:
134pgq.~
- 16 -
ml/1 of sodium silicate solution of 38° Be,
5 g/1 of the formulation of Example 11,
75 ml/1 of sodium hydroxide solution of 36° Be,
60 ml/1 of hydrogen peroxide, and
5 g/1 of sodium persulfate.
The fabric is stored for 16 hours at 25-30°C and thereafter washed
with
hot and cold water and neutralised.
The addition of the wetting agent of Example 11 effects a homogeneous and
complete wetting of th~~ fabric.
The uniformly bleached fabric so obtained has an enhanced degree of
whiteness, from -72 to 47 measured by the CIBA-GEIGY Whiteness Scale, and
the average degree of polymerisation of the cotton (DP) falls only from
2740 to 2530, and the degree of desizing according to TEGEWA is enhanced
from rating 1 to rating 4.
