Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
~ 0'7~
l B~CKG~OUND OF Tll~ INVENTION
I
¦Eield Of The Invention:
I __ _
¦ This invention relates to an improved laundry detergent
¦composition. More particularly, this invention is directed to a
¦ laundry detergent composition containing a water-insoluble
quaternary ammonium compound fabric softener (a softergent)
having incorporated therein a sugar ether which provides
detergency boosting properties to the laundry detergent
l composition without loss of softening perEormance. A preferrecl
¦ embodiment of the invention is directed to a soEtergent with
improved cleaning and whitening performance, especially at 60C
or above.
Description Of The Prior Art-
I
l Compositions useful for treating fabrics to improve
¦ the softness and feel characteristics thereof are known in theart.
When used in domestic laundering, the fabric softeners
are typically added to the rinse water during the rinse cyc]e
having a duration of only from about 2 to 5 minutes.
Consequently, the consumer is required to monitor the launrlt?ril-g
operation or take other precautions so that the fabric softener
is added at the proper time. This requires the consumer to
return to the washing machine either just prior to or at the
beginning of the rinse cycle of the washing operation which is
obviously burdensome to the consumer. In addition, special
precaution has to be taken to use a proper amount of the fabric
soEtener so as to avoid over-dosage which may render the clothes
water-repellant by depositing a greasy film on the fabric
surface, as well as imparting a certain degree oE yellowness to
the fabrics.
.
~ '7~
~5 a solution to t11e above-noted problems, it has been
known to use fabric softeners whieh are compatible with common
J.aundry detergents so that the softeners can be combined with the
l detergents in a single package for use during the wash eycle o~
tl~e laundering operation. Examples of sucl- wash cycle aclc7ecl
fabric softening compositions are shown in U.S. Patents
3,351,433, 3,660,286 and 3,703,480. In genera], these wasl~ cycl.e
fabric softening compositions contain a catioric quaternary
ammonium fabric softener and additional ingredients which rendec
the softening compounds compatible with the eommon laundry
detergents.
It i5 also known, however, that the cationic softeling
compounds added to the wash eyele, either as an ingredient ln a
detergent-soEtener (softergent) eomposition or as a wash cycle
softener, interfere with the brightening activ;ty, as well a.s tl~e
eleaning efficiency of the detergent. As a result, it l-as beel
sought to offset to some degree this interference in softergent
compositions by using nonionic surfaetants, higher levels oE
brightener compounds, carboxymethyleellulose, anti-yellowing
eompounds, bluing agents, and so forth. ~lowever, little
improvement has been made in wash eyele softening eompositions
l~sing a variety of detergents, most of wh;.eh are aniotlies.
: T11ere have also, however, been many disel.osures ;n theart relating to detergent eompositions eontaining cationic
softering agents, including the quaternary ammonium compound
softening agents, and nonionic surface-acti.ve compouncls. ~s
representative of the art, mention can be macle o~ U.S. Patents
4,264,457, 4,239,659, 4,259,217, 4,222,905, 3,951,879, 3,360,~70,
3,351,483 and 3,644,203. In addition, U.S. Patents 3,537,993,
3,583,912, 3,983,079, 4,203,872 and 4,264,479 specicically
- -
disclose eombinations of nonionie surfaetant, cationie fabric
softener and another ionic surfaetant or modifier, sueh as
zwitterionic surfaetants, amphoteric surfactants, and the like.
While many of these prior art formulations provicle
satisfactory cleaning and/or softening under many difEerent
conditions they still suffer from the defects of not providing
adequate softening - e.g. eomparable to rinse cycle-added
softeners - especially under hot water washing conditions, i.e.
at temperatures of 60C and higher; requiring form~tion oE
eomplexes of the eationie eompound; using lower softening
performanee water-soluble, e.g., monohigher a]kyl quaternary
ammonium, cationic eompounds; being limited to liquid
eompositions; ete.
Although it is not uneommon for present day laundry
detergent compositions and for eonventional home automatic
washing maehines, espeeially in the United States, to be able to
effect washing/cleaning of soiled fabries using eold or warm wash
water, espeeially for sensitive Eabries, wash-wear fabries,
permanent-press fabrics, and the like, it is nevertheless
appreeiated that more effeetive cleaning (soil removal) requires
higher washing temperatures. Furthermore, in Europe and in other
countries, the home washing machines operate at hot temperatures
of 60C or more, up to the boiling temperature of the wash water.
While these high temperatures are beneficial for soil removal
there is not an equal beneEit for softening performance.
It is known that softening perEormance oE a detergent
system based on a mixture of a nonionic surfactant eompound ancl a
eationie quaternary ammonium eompound fabrie softening agent is
signiEieantly enhaneed by using a limited elass of nonionies
eharacterized by eloud points above the washing temperature.
- - 253 ~'7~3~
Furthermore, this enhance,nent of the softening performance ;s
achieved without any, or at least without any significant,
deterioration in washing (i.e. cleaning) performance. The
utilization of this limited class of nonionics characterized by
cloud points above the washing temperature is disclosed in
copending, commonly assigned application Serial No. 646,59q,
filed September 4, 1984, entitled Wash Cycle Detergent-Softener
Compositions, the disclosure of which is incorporated hereirl by
reference.
It is also known that the cloud point of nonionic
surfactants having cloud point temperatures oE less than GnC can
be raised to above 60C by incorporating in the detergent
composition an amphoteric suractant. It is furtller knowll tllat
l the mixed nonionic/amphoteric surfactant mixtures are compatible
with water-insoluble cationic ~uaternary ammonium compound Cabric
softeners, such as dimethyl distearyl ammonium chloride (~MDS~C)
and enhance the softening performance of the cationic Eabr;c
soEteners to the same extent as do the high cloud point nonionics
which by themselves have cloud points above the washing
temperature. It is also known that the mixed nonionic/amplloteric
surfactant system, even in the presence of the cationic fabric
softener, acts synergistically to provide better cleaning
performance than the same or greater amounts oE each of the two
surfactants used in the absence of the other. This utilizat;on
of tl-e mixed nonionic/amphoteric surfactant system in combination
with cationic fabric softener is disclosed in copending, commonly
assigned application Serial No. 646,60~ filed ~ugust 31, ]9~,
entitled ~ot Water Wash Cycle Detergent-Softener Compositions,
the disclosure oE which is incorporated herein by reference.
--~
llowever, the fact remains that the high level of
cationics, necessary for softening performance, does not permit
as higll a level oE detergeney on greasy and particulate soils as
would be desirable, nor does it permit as high a level oE
redeposition prevention as would be desirable.
~ he use of various sugar derivatives in laundry
detergent compositions is known.
It is well known in the art that certain alkyl
glyeosides, partieularly long ehain alkyl glycosides, are surEace
active and are useful as nonionic surfactants in detergent
compositions, Lower alkyl glycosides are not as surface active
as their long chain counterparts. ~lkyl glycosides exhibiting
the greatest surEaee aetivity have relatively long-ehain alkyl
groups. These alkyl groups generally eontain about ~3 to 25
carbon atoms and preferably about 10 to 14 carbon atoms~
Long chain alkyl glyeosides are commonly prepared Erom
saecharides and long ehain alcohols. Ilowever, unsubstituted
saccharides such as glucose are insoluble in higher alcohols and
thus do not react together easily. ThereEore, it is common to
first convert the saecharide to an intermediate, lower alkyl
glycoside which is then reacted with the long chain alcohol.
Lower alkyl glycosides are commercially available and are
commonly prepared by reacting a saccharide with a lower alcohol
in the presence of an acid catalyst. Butyl glycoside is often
employed as the intermediary.
The use of long chain alkyl glycosides as a surEactant
in detergent compositions and various methods of preparing a]ky]
glycosides is disclosed, for example, in V.S. Patents 2,97~,134;
3,5~7,82B: 3,598,B65 and 3,721,633. The use oE lower alkyl
~ 0~7~ ~9
glycosides as a viscosity reducing agent in aqueous liquid and
¦powdered detergents is disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,48~,981.
¦ Acetylated sugar esters, such as, for example, glucose
¦penta acetate, glucose tetra acetate and sucrose octa acetate,
¦ have been known or years as oxygen bleach activators. l'he u.se
of acetylated sugar derivatives as bleach activators is disclosed
in ~.S. Patents 2,955,905 3,901,819 and 4,016,090.
SUMM~RY OF TI~E INVENTION
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invent;on
to improve the detergency oE detergent compositions containiny
cationic fabric softening agents.
It is a further object o the present invention to
improve the whitening of detergent compositions containing
cationic fabric softening agents.
It is a still further object of the invention to
provide a heavy duty detergent composition including cationic
fabric softening agent with improved cleaning and whitening
performance, especially at 60C or higher.
These and other objects of the invention which wil].
become apparent hereinafter may be achieved by the provision oE a
laundry detergent comprising a detersively eEfective amount of a
mixture oE non-sugar, noni.onic surfactant and amphoteric
surfactant; a fabric softening eEfective amourlt oE a water-
insoluble quaternary ammonium compound; a detergent building
effective amount of at least one builder salt and a detergency
boosting effective amount of a sugar ether contain;.ng at least
two long chain alkyl groups.
DET~ILED DESCRIPTION OF TIIE INvENlrIoN
Suitable non-sugar, nonionic surface active agents are
commercially available and are derived from the condensation of
~ 7~
an alkylene oxide or equivalent reactant and a reactive-hydrogen
hydrophobe. The hydrophobic organic compounds may be aliphatic,
aromatic or heterocyclic, although the first two c]asses are
preferred. The pre~erred types of hydrophobes are higher
aliphatic alcohols and alkyl phenols, although others may be used
such as carboxylic acids, carboxamides, mercaptans,
sulphonamides, etc. The ethylene oxide condensates with l)igher-
alkyl phenols or higher fatty alcohols represent preEerred
classes of nonionic compounds. Usually, the hydrophobic moiety
should contain at least about 6 carbon atoms, and preferably at
least about 8 carbon atoms, and may contain as many as about 50
carbon atoms or more, a preferred range being from about 8 t:o 22
carbon atoms, especially from l0 to l~ carbons Eor the aliphatic
alcohols, and 12 to 20 carbons for the higller alkyl phenols. 'I'lle
amount of alkylene oxide will vary considerably depending upon
the hydrophobe, but as a general guide and rule, at least about 3
moles of alkylene oxide per mole of hydrophobe up to about 14
moles of alkylene oxide per mole of hydrophobe will provide the
reguired water solubility, cleaning performance and cloud point
temperatures of less than about 60C.
Accordingly, the preEerred nonionic surfactants can he
represented by the formula
RO(CH2cH2O)nr~ (I)
wherein ~ is a primary or secondary alkyl chain of ~rom
about 8 to 22 carbon atoms and n is an average o~ ~rom
3 to 14, preferab]y 4 to 12 especia]ly 6 to 11;
or
R~ ~ O-(CH2CH20)mll (II)
~ '7~
¦ wherein R' i8 a primary oe secondary alkyl chain of
¦ from 4 to 12 carbon atoms, and m is an average of 3 to
¦ 14, preEerably 4 to 12, especially 6 to 11.
¦ The preferred alcohols from which the compounds of
¦ formula I are prepared include lauryl, myristyl, cetyl, stearyl
¦and oleyl and mixtures thereof. Especially preferred values of R
are C10 to Clg with the C12 to C15 alkyls and mixtures thereof
being especia]ly preferred.
l The preferred values of R' are Erom C6 to C12, with C8
¦ to Cg, including octyl, isooctyl and nonyl being especially
preferred.
Typica] examples of a nonionic compound of formula (I)
are lauryl alcohol condensed with 5 or 7 or 11 moles ethylene
l oxide. Typical example of a nonionic compound of formula tII) is
¦ isooctyl phenol or nonyl phenol condensed with 3 to 8 moles
ethylene oxide.
Other non-sugar, nonionic compounds which may be used
include the polyoxyalkylene esters of the organic acids such as
tlle higher fatty acids, the rosin acids, tall oil acids, acids
from petroleum oxidation products, etc. These esters will
usually contaln from about 10 to about 22 carbon atoms in the
acid moiety and from about 3 to about 12 moles of ethylene oxide
or its equivalent.
Still other non-sugar, nonionic surfactants are the
alkylene oxide condensates with the higher fatty acid amides.
The fatty acid group will generally contain from about 8 to about
22 carbon atoms and this will be condensed with about 3 to about
12 moles of ethylene oxide as the preEerred illustration. The
corresponding carboxamides and sulphonamides may also be used as
substantial equivalents.
- - 2~ 6~
The amount o~ the non-sugar, nonionic will generally be
the minimum amount which when added to the wash water with the
amphoteric surfactant will provide adequate cleaning performance.
Generally~ amounts ranging from about O.S to about 20~,
S preferably from about 1 to about 15%, and especially preferably
from about 1 to 10% by weight of the composition, can be used.
The compositions of the present invention are
utilizable in connection with those home and commercial laundry
washing machines which operate at elevated washing temperatures,
especially at water temperatures in excess of about 60C
(140F), preerably in excess oE 80C (176F), and especially
preferably at-the-boil, i.e. at 100C t212F) or more.
When the compositions are formulated for use at wash
temperatures over a broad range of say, for example, 20C to
60C, as well as higher temperatures in order to be most useful
for a broad range of fabrics including delicate natural and
synthetic fibers, as well as more temperature insensitive Eabrics
such as cottons, etc., the nonionic-amphoteric combination and
ratio can be selected to provide a cloud point temperature which
exceeds the wash water temperature by at least about 20C, for
example, a cloud point temperature o the composition in the
range o 30 to 90C. Where, however~ the formulation is
designed for use at elevated washing temperatures of 60C or
more, such as is generally the case in Europe, as well as when
using industrial washing machines, then the composition will have
a substantially higher cloud point, for example, up to about
50C above the washing temperature. Thus, for a washing
temperature of 60C, the nonionic/amphoteric should have a cloud
point of at least about 65C, preferably at least about 70C and
up to about 90C, preferably in the range of from about 70C to
~ 7~
35C. For wash water temperatures of 100C, the composition
cloud point is chosen in the range of from about 105C to about
150C, preferably 105C to 120C.
As used herein, the term "cloud point" means the
temperature at which a graph which plots the light scatter;ng
intensity oE the composition versus wash solution temperature
begins to sharply increase to its maximum value, under the
following experimental conditions:
The light scattering intensity is measured using a
Model VM 12397 Photogoniodiffusometer, manufactured by Societe
Francaise d'Instruments de Controle et d'Analyses, France (the
instrument being hereinafter referred to as SOFIC~). The SOFIC~
sample cell and its lid are washing with hot acetone and allowed
to dry. The surfactant mixture is made and put into solution
with distilled water at a concentration of 1000 ppm.
~pproximately a 15 ml. sample of the solution is placed into the
sample cell using a syringe with a 0.2 ~ nucleopore filter. The
syringe needle passes through the sample cell lid so that the
cell interior is not exposed to atmospheric dust. The sample is
left in a variable temperature bath, and both the bath and the
sample are subject to constant stirring. The bath temperature is
heated using the SOFIC~'s heater and cooled by the addition oE
ice (heating rate = 1C/minute) the temperature of the sample is
determined by the temperature of the bath. The light scattering
(g0 an~le) intensity of the sample is then determined at various
temperatures, using a green filter and no polarizer in the
SOFICA.
In the present invention, cloud point measurements are
made for both solutions of the nonionic/amphoteric (at 13 by
weight) in distilled water and in water containing 10% NaCl,
~ '7~
although the latter generally far exceeds the amount of salts and
electrolytes actually experienced in normal usage. Therefore, if
the nonionic/amphoteric cloud point measured in 10~ NaCl solution
satisfies the cloud point requirement of this invention, then
there will be no problem in formulating compositions containing
very high concentrations of builder salts and other electrolytes,
for example, up to about 8S~ of the composition.
In this regard, it is known that the cloud point
temperature for a given composition in the wash solution depends
upon the physical and chemical properties ~such as critical
micelle concentration (CMC) and solubility) o~ the cationic,
nonionic/amphoteric and additional components included in that
composition, and will be lowered by increasing the alkyl chain
lengths of the nonionic surface-active compound, by decreasing
the degree of ethoxylation of the nonionic component, or by
adding electrolytes, such as phosphates, polyphosphates,
perborates, carbonates, sulfates, etc., particularly in
relatively low amounts (such as from ahout 1 to about 15g of the
given composition).
~ecause water-insoluble cationic softening compounds
are used in this invention the cationics will have substantially
no effect whatsoever on the cloud point of the total composition.
Actually, because the softening cationic compounds used in this
invention are water-insoluble the cloud point temperature oE tl)e
total formulation is very difficult to measure s~nce the mixtures
are naturally somewhat cloudy. Therefore, the cloud point of the
nonionic, and nonionic/amphoteric mixture, with or without
addition of electrolytes, is determined in the absence of the
cationic compound, and this provides a suficiently accurate
~ - 2~3~'7~.9
measure of the cloud point of the total composition including the
cationic.
For washing temperatures oE feom about 60 to 70C, all
of the nonionic surfactants described above, but which are
ethoxylated with at least 15 moles ethylene oxide, generally 15
to 30 moles ethylene oxide, will provide cloud points in excess
of the waslling temperature.
Elowever, for higher washing temperatures o 71C to
100C, especially ~O~C to 100C, only the more highly ethoxylated
surfactants, Eor example 25 to 30 moles ethylene oxide per mole
of hydrophobe, for example, the c8-Cg alkyl phenols ethoxylated
with from 25 to 30 moles, especially from 28 to 30 moles, and
especially preferably about 30 moles, ethylene oxide, have
sufficiently high cloud points.
While detergent compositions based on the high cloud
point nonionic sur~actants can be utilized, as disclosed in the
aorementioned copending Serial No. 646,594, filed September 4,
1984, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by
reference, these compositions often suffer from a mild
deterioration of cleaning performance. In addition, the highly
ethoxylated nonionics are more expensive and less readily
commercially available than the low cloud point temperature
nonionics used in the present invention.
These drawbacks are avoided, as taught in copending
application Serial No. 646,609, filed ~ugust 31, 19~4, the
disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reEerence, in the
present invention since the addition oE the amphoteric surfactant
permits the use of the less expensive and readily commercially
available nonionics characterized by cloud points oE below 60C,
and by hydrophilic-lipophilic balances (HLB) of from about 5 to
~ 2~
about 17; requires substantially lower amounts oE total
surfactants to achieve equivalent or superior cleaning
performance; and raises the cloud point of the composition to
above the selected washing temperature.
For any of the nonionics the cloud point can be raised
by as much as about 40C, generally about 5 to 20C by adding to
the composition an amphoteric surface-active compound, for
example, a carboxyethylated higher fatty alkyl (e.g. coco)
imidazoline amphoteric compound, generally in an amount of from
about 1 to 20~, preferably 1 to 15%, especially preferably from
about 1 to 10~, by weight of the composition.
Therefore, in a preferred embodiment of the invention
which is especially useful for washing soiled fabrics in an
aqueous wash water at an elevated temperature in the range of
from about 80C to lOO~C, the detergent composition includes, in
addition to the nonionic surfactant of formula (I) or formula
(II) and a water-insoluble cationic quaternary ammonium compound
fabric softener, an ampl~oteric surfactant in an amount sufficient
to raise the cloud point of the composition to above the elevated
temperature oE 80~C to 100C, especially preferably above about
105~C.
While not wishing to be bound by any particular theory
of operationt it is hypothesized that the amphoteric and nonionic
surfactants form mixed micelles which are more soluble than
micelles formed from the nonionics alone. These mixed micel1es
provide greater resistance to orming sufficiently large
aggregates to come out of solution, thereby increasing the cloud
point temperature.
Substantially any of the known amphoteric surfactants
. I
¦can be used to raise the cloud point of the nonionic surfactant-
¦cationic Eabric softener composition.
¦ Examples of suitable amphoteric detergents are those
¦containing both the anionic and cationic group having a
¦hydrophobic organic group, which is advantageously a higher
¦aliphatic radical, e.g. about 10-20 carbon atoms. ~mong tllese
are the N-long cllain alkyl amino carboxylic acids [e.g. of the
formula RR2NR'COOM]; N-long chain alkyl imino di-carboxylic acicls
l (e.g. of the formula RM~R'COOM)2) and the N-long chain alkyl
¦ betaines (e.g. of the formula RR3~4N+ - R'COO-) where R is a long
chain alkyl group, e.g. of about 10-20 carbons, ~' is a divalent
radical joining the amino and carboxylic portions o an amino
acid (e.g. an alkylene radical of 1-4 carbon atoms), M is
l hydrogen or a salt forming metal, R2 is a hydrogen or another
¦ monovalent substituent (e.g. methyl or other lower alkyl), and R3
and R4 are monovalent substituents joined to the nitrogen by
carbon-to-nitrogen bonds (e.g. methyl or other lower alkyl
substituents). Examples of specific amphoteric detergents are N--
l alkyl-beta amino propionic acids, N-alkyl-beta-imino dipropionic
¦ acids and N-alkyl, N,N-dimethyl glycine; and allcyl group may he
¦ for example that derived from coco fatty alcohol, ]auryl alcohol,
myristyl alcohol (or a lauryl-myristyl mixture), llydrogellated
tallow alcohol, cetyl, stearyl or blends oE such alcollols. ~he
l substituted amino propionic and imino dipropionic aids are often
¦ supplied in the sodium or other salt forms wllicll may ]ikewise be
used in the practice oE this invention. Examples of other
amphoteric detergents are the fatty imida~olines such as those
made by reacting a long chain fatty acid (e.g. of ]0-20 carbon
atoms) with di-ethylene triamine and monohalo carboxylic acids
having 2-6 carbon atoms, e.g. 1-coco-5-hydroxyethyl-5-
.. . .
- '
~ t;~
carboxyethyl imidazoline; betaines containing a sulfonic group
instead o~ a carboxylic group; betaines in which the long chain
substituent is joined to the carboxylic group without an
illtervening nitrogen atom, e.g. inner salts of 2-trimethy:lamino
fatty acids such as 2~trimethylaminolauric acid, an-3 compoun(ls of
any of the previously mentioned types in wllicll the nitrogen atc~m
is replaced by phosphorous.
One speci~ic class of amphoteric surfactants are the
comp]ex fatty amido surfactants of the general forrnula (V)
~.0 C'~2
7 / \c~l
R-C ~ N~_ Rl_ OM (V)
OIJ- R2 _ COOM
wherein ~ is a straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated
aliphatic group having 10~18 carbon atoms (such as lauryl,
tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, palmityl, heptadecyl, stearyl,
tallow, coco, soya, oleyl, linoleyl), Rl anfl R2 are each,
independently, a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1-5
carbon atoms, (e.g. methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, 2-
methylbutylene, pentylene, etc.), and M is hydrogen or an a]ka1imetal (e.g. sodium, potassium, cesium and lithium). ~xamples .,r
compounds of formula V which are commercia]ly available include
/C~l2
N \lcll2
C11ll23-C ~ N+-~cll2c~l2~oNa
O~l~ C112COONa
available as Mlranol CM (liquid) and Miranol DM (paste) ~rom
Miranol Chemical Co.; Soromine AL and Soromine ~T Erom GAr
Corporation and the Deriphat compounds from General Mills.
- - 2~ 7~9
The amphoteric compounds disclosed in columns 3 and 4
of U.S. Patent 4,203,87~, to Flanagan, can also be used. These
include the following seven groups of compounds:
(1) Betaine detergents having the Eormula
R2
Rl-N~-R4-C-03
R3
~ suitable example is
cll~3 o
(C10-C14)n-alkYl - N~CH2COe
CH3
~2) Alkyl bridged betaine detergents having the
H R 2
20~l-c~l2-c-N-cH2cll2cH2-NfflLR4
R3
~ suitable example is
25O H CH3 O
(Clo-C14 ) n-alkyl-CII;~-C-N-CH2CH2CI{2-N~-CH2C-03
cl~3
(3~ Imidazoline detergents having the Eormula
30C132C0013 O
Rl-C --- N~3~R4-o-CH2C-o~
N\ CH2
C~2
~ suitable example is
, C112COOIl o
(Clo-C14)n-alkyl-lf _ NOELCH2CH2OC1l2C-O~
CH2
~ ~;00'7169
(4) Alky.liminopropionate detergents having the
formula
l El
5 I ~l-N-CH2CH2COOM
(5) Alkyliminodipropionate detergents having the
formula
/ CH2C~2COOII
\C1~2C1~2COOII
~ 6~ Ether bridged alkyliminodipropionate detergents
having the formula
Cfl2C~12COO~I
Rl-ocH2c}l2cH2-N
\ Cfl2cH2cooH
~ 7) Cocoimidazoline-based detergents
having the formula
H O
Rl-lC~ N~-CH2OCH2CH2C-Oe
N CH2
CH2
Mixtures o any of the amphoteric detergents with one
another may also be used.
In the above formulae ~ 7),
Rl is a straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated
aliphatic radical containing from about 7 to about 20, preerably
from about 8 to 18, especially preferably from about 10 to 19
carbon atoms,
R2 and R3 are each lower alkyl of C1 to C4, preferab].y
methyl or ethyl, especially preferably ethyl,
Rg is a divalent Cl-C4 alkyl, preferably methylene,
ethylene or propylene, especially preferably ethylene.
A further suitable group of amphoteric co~npounds are
~ l6~i
the carboxyethoxylated highee fatty alkylimidazoli~e compounds of
the formula (8)
C~l~
~21 HN+-CH2CH2COO-
S I~R4~N- C-Rl
wherein Rl is straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated
alipl7atic group of from 7 to 20 carbon atoms, preEerably ~ to 1~
carbon atoms, especially preferably 10 to 14 carbon atoms, and R4
iS A divalent lower alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms,
preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms. Preferred groups Rl include
coco, tallow, heptadecyl, oleyl, decyl and dodecyl, especially
coco (i.e. derived from coco Eatty acid). The preferred gl-ouF) R4
is ethylene ~-CI~2CEI2-). The compound carboxyethylated
cocoimidazoline is available as Rexoteric CSF, a trademarked
product of Rexolin, on a 100~ active ingredient basis, or on a
45~ active ingredient solution.
The open chain carboxyethylated higiler fatty alkyl
amine derivatives are another preferred class oE amphoteric
compound. These include the above groups (4), (5), and (6), i.e.
the alkyliminopropionate and ether bridged alkyliminopropionate
detergents. Carboxyethylated octyl amine which is available as
Rexoteric O~SF from Rexolin is a preEerred member oE this ~3rou~.
Other classes oE amphoteric surEactants such as the
sarcosines, taurines, isothionates and the like can also be used.
~lthough tllere are no Eirm guidelines for selecting
combinations of nonionic surfactants and amphoteric surEactants
or the appropriate amounts of each to give the necessary cloucl
point temperature in excess oE the washing tempera~ure, it is
usually sufficient to use the amphoteric - with the amount of
non-sugar, nonionic surfactant specified above - in an amount of
¦from about 1 to 20~, preferably from about 1 to about 15~,
¦especially from about 1 to about 10~, based on the total weight
¦of the composition. Suitable ratios oE nonionic:amphoteric
¦within the above-mentioned amounts are in the range of from about
5 ¦1:5 to 10:1, preferably 1:3 to 6:1, especia]ly 1:2 to 4:1.
Suitable water-insoluble quaternary ammonium compound
fabric softeners which are commercially known may be represented
by the followlng formulae:,
~1 R3 ~
10 R2 = - R4 xe ~III)
N 1 ~
R5 ssSSS Xe (IV)
~6 R
wherein Rl and R2 and R5 and R6 are each, independently, a
straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated, long-chain
aliphatic radical having from 16 to 22 carbon atoms: R3, R4 and
R7 are, independently, Cl-Cg alkyl radicals and hydroxy
substituted Cl-C4 alkyl; or R6 may be the group -RgN~CR8 wherein
R8 is a straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated long-chain
aliphatic radical having from 16 to 22 carbon atoms, and ~9 is a
divalent alkyl (alkylene) group of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and X~ is
a water-solub]e salt forming anion such as a halide, i.e.
chloride, bromide, iodide; a sulfate, acetate, hydroxide,
methosulfate, ethosulfate; or similar inorganic or organic
solubilizing mono- or di-basic radical. Preferably, the carbon
chains are obtained from long-chain fatty acids such as those
derived Erom tallow and soybean oil. The terms "disoya," and
"di-tallow", etc., as used herein refer to the source from which
~the lo g ~ain Eattl alkyl ~I-ai"~ are derived. Mixtures o' the
~- -
above, as well as other water-inso]uble quaternary ammonium
surface active agents may also be used if desired. The preferred
ammonium salt is a dialkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride wherein the
alkyl group is derived from hydrogenated tallow or stearic acid,
or a dihigheralkyl irnidazolinium chloride. Specific examples of
quaternary ammonium softening agents of the formula (III)
suitable for use in the composition of the present invention
include the following: hydrogenated ditallow dimethyl ammol~ nl
chloride, dimethyl disteaeyl ammonium chloride, dimethyl stearyl
¦ cetyl ammonium bromide, dimethyl dicetyl ammonium chloride, di-
soya dimethyl ammonium chloride, the corresponding sulEate,
methosulfate, ethosulfate, bromide and hydroxide salts tllereoE,
etc.
l Examples of quaternary ammonium softening agents of
¦ formula 5IV) include l-methyl-1,2-diheptadecyl imida%olinium
chloride (bromide, methosulfate~, 1,2-dieicosylalky]am;doetl-yl-1-
methyl imidazolinium chloride (bromide, methosulfate, etc.), 2-
hexadecyl-l-methyl-1[(2-dodecoyl amido)ethyl~ imida%olinium
methylsulfate, 2-heptadecyl-1-methyl-152-stearoyl amido)etllyl
¦ imidazolinium methylsulfate, 2-nonadecyl/heneicosyl-1-1(2-
eicosoyl/docosoyl imido)ethylJ imidazolinium methyl chloride.
Dimethyldistearyl ammonium chloride is especially
preferred in view of its superior softening perEormance,
biodegradability, low water solubility, availability and cost.
The amount of the cationic fabric softener can
generally range rom about 1 to about 20~, pre~erably from aboul:
4 to about 16~, and especially preferably from about 6 to 9~, by
weight of the composition.
The weight ratio o~ the non-sugar, nonionic surfactant
2~0t7~69
to the cationic fabric softener can be within the range of Erom
about 1:10 to 5:1, preferably from about 1:8 to ~.5:1.
The present detergent COmpOSitiOtl may include water-
soluble builder salts. Water-soluble inorganic alkaline builder
salts which can be used alone or in admixture with other builders
are alkali metal carbonates, borates, phosphates, polyphosphates,
bicarbonates, silicates. (Ammonium or substituted ammonium salts
can also be used.) Specific examples of such salts are sodium
tripolyphosphate, sodium carbonate, sodlum tetraborate, sodium
pyrophosphate, potassium pyrophosphate, sodium bicarbonate,
potassium tripolyphosphate, sodium hexamethaphospllate, sodium
sesquicarbonate, sodium mono and diorthophosphate, and pot:ass;ulrl
bicarbonate. The alkali metal silicates are useEul builder salt~s
which also function to make the composition anti-corrosive to
washing machine parts. Sodium silicates of Na2O/sio2 rati~s o~
from 1.6/1 to 1/3.2 especially about 1/2 to 1/2.8 are preferred.
Potassium silicates of the same ratios can also be used.
Another class oE builders useful herein are the water-
insoluble aluminosilicates, both of the crystalline and amorphous
type. Various crystalline zeolites (i.e. a]umino--silicates) are
descL-ibed in British Patent 1,504,168, U.S. Patent 4,409,136 and
Canadian Patents 1,072,835 and 1,087,477, all oE which are hereby
incorporated by reEerence Eor such descriptions. ~n example oE
amorphous zeolites useful herein can be found in Belgium Patent
835,351 and thls patent too is incorporated here;ll by reEerer)ce.
The æeolites generally have the formula:
(M20)X- (~1203)y- (siO2)Z-~ 20
wherein x is 1, y is from 0.8 to 1.2 and preferably 1, z is fro
1.5 to 3.5 or higher and preferably 2 to 3 and w is from 0 to g,
preferably 2.5 to 6 and M is preferably sodium. A typical
~ 6~
zeolite is type A or similar structure, with type 4A particular]y
preferred. The preferred aluminosilicates have calcium ion
exchange capacities o~ about 200 mllliequivalents per gram or
greater, e.g. 400.
Other materials such as clays, particu]arly oE the
water-insoluble types, may be useful adjuncts in compositions ot
this invention. Particularly useful is bentonite. This material
is primarily montmorillonite which is a hydrated aluminum
silicate in which about 1/6th of the aluminum atoms may be
replaced by magnesium atoms and with which varying amounts of
hydrogen sodium, potassium, calcium, etc., may be loosely
combined. Tlle bentonite in its more puriEied form (i.e. ~ree
~rom any grit, sand, etc.) suitable ~or detergents invariab]y
contains at least SO~ montmorillonite and thus its cation
exchange capacity is at least about 50 to 75 meq. per lOO g. o~
bentonite. Particularly preferred bentonite are the Wyoming or
Western U.S. bentonites whlch have been sold as Thixo-jels 1, 2,
3 and 4 by Georgia Kaolin Co. These bentonites are known to
soften textiles as described in British Patent 401,413 to
Marriott and British Patent 461,221 to Marriott and ~ugan.
Examples of organic alkaline sequestrant builder sa]ts
which can be used alone or in admixture with other organic an-]
inorganic builders are alkali metal, ammonium or substituted
ammonium, aminopolycarboxylates, e.g. sodium and potassium
ethylene diaminetetraacetate, sodium and potassium
nitrilotriacetates and triethano]ammonium N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-
nitrilodiacetates. Mixed salts of these polycarboxylates are
also suitable.
Other suitable builders oE the organic type include
carboxymethylsuccinates, tartronates and glycollates. Of special
~ i9
value are the polyaeetal earboxylates. The polyaeetal
carbo~ylates and their use in detergent eompositions are
described in 4,144,226; 4,315,092 and 4,146,49~. Other patents
on similar builders include 4,141,676; 4,169,934; 4,201,858;
S 4,204,852; 4,224,420; 4,225,685 4,226,960; 4,233,422; 4,233,~23,
4,302,564 and 4,303,777. Also relevant are European Patent
~pplication Nos. 0015024; 0021491 and 0063399.
The amount of the builder salt can generally range from
about 5 to about 60~, preferably from about 10 to about 55~, and
espeeially preferably from about 20 to about 50% by weight of the
eomposition.
Any sugar, etherified with at least two long chain
alkyl groups, may be used as a detergency booster in the present
composition. Alkyl groups having 8 to 22 carbon atoms are
preferred; most preferable are alkyl groups having 10 to 18
carbon atoms. It is to be understood that the hydrophilic head
group can be any sugar derivative, e.g., polysaecharides,
disaeeharides, monosaeeharides, ete., with monosaecharides such
as glucose and fructose being especially preferred. In an
especially preferred embodiment, the sugar ether comprises a
compound of the formula
H
IIO -( C<H2OR2
~s ~ o-l= 10~1
wherein Rl and R2 are each, independently an a]kyl group of from
about 8 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably 10 to 18 carbon atoms, the
alkyl group being branched or unbranched. In a preferred
embodiment of the invention, the dialkylglueoside may be used in
adm xt~e th ~ mLnor amou~ o' mon~alkylglueoside.
- ~ L6~
¦ The amount of the sugar ether can generally range from
about 1 to about 15~, preferably from about 1 to about 10~, and
especially preferably from about 1 to about 5~ by weight oE tlle
composition. In a preferred embodiment, the sugar etl-er is used
as a "replacement" for a portion of the non-sugar, nonionic
surfactant, so as to maintain the total nonionic surfactant
content (sugar plus nOn-SUyAr) at the same level as would be
appropriate for a conventional (sugar-ether-free) softergent
composition. Typically, the sugar ether will "replace" about ]0
to about 75~ by weight of the non-sugar, nonionic surfactant,
preferably 20 to 65~, and most preEerably 25 to 55~.
The compositions of the present invention, in a
preferred embodiment, may urther include antistatic agent
compounds, such as diammonium compounds which are characterized
by their water-solubility, i.e. ability to ~orm stable, c]ear
solutions, or dispersions in water at 25C containing at least
5%, preferably at least 10% by weight of the diammonium compound.
The diammonium compounds useful herein for reducing
static charge buildup are the water-soluble compounds of the
ollowing general formula (I)
(~l-a+-R7-W+~R5 ) 2X- ............... (V)
R~ R6
wherein ~1 is an aliphatic hydrocarhon having from
about 12 to about 30 carbon atoms;
each of R2~ ~3~ R4, Rs and R6 are independently
selected from the group consisting of (1) aliphatic hydrocarbon
groups having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms with the proviso that the
¦total number of carbon atoms in all the alipl-atic hydrocarbon
¦groups, including Rl, is no more than about 75 and with the
~ '7~
further proviso that no more than three of the R2-~6 groups
having more than 12 carbon atoms; and (2) alkanol groups of the
formula
CH3
(CH2CH20)m(C~lc~l20)nl~
wherein m and n are independently 0 or positive numbers
with the sum of m and n from all of the groups R2-~6 being at
least 2 but no more than 30; with the still further proviso that
at least one of R2-R6 is said alkanol group;
R7 is an alkylene of 2 to 4 carbon atoms, such as
ethylene (-CH2C1l2-), propylene (-CH2CH2CH2-), isopropylene
~-Cl~2cl~(cll3)cH2-)r butylene (-cll2cl~2cll2cll2-)~ etc-~ or SUCIl
alkylene having one or more, such as one or two substituents,
such as hydroxyl, Cl-C4 lower alkyl, hydroxylower (Cl-C4) alkyl,
etc., preferably -Cll2Cll2- or -C~2CIl2CI12-r alld
X is a water-soluble salt forming anion.
The preferred compounds of formula (V) are those
containing only 1 or 2, preferably only a single long carbon
chain group, i.e. 12 or more carbon atoms. ~ccordingly, in
formula I() the preferred deEinitions for Rl-R6 are:
Rl is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, WiliC11 may be
straight chain or branched chain, and saturated or unsaturated
(i.e. linear or branched alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl), having ~rom
16 to 22 carbon atoms;
R2-R6, independently, are selected from the group
consisting of alkyl or alkenyl having Erom 1 to 16, preferahly 1
to 12, especially preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, with the
proviso that the total number of carbon atoms in all the
aliphatic hydrocarbon groups ~1-R6 is no more than about 50,
preferably no more than about ~5, and wit the further proviso
~ '7~
-- ..
that no more than 2, pre~erably no more than 1, and most
¦preferably none of R2-R6 have more than 12 carbon atoms; ancl
¦alkanol groups of the formula
(cH2cH2o)m(cu(cH3)cH2cH2o)nl~
wherein m and n may be 0 or a positive number such that the sum
of m plus n in all of the alkanol groups R2-R6 is at least 3 but
no more than 25, preEerably no more than 15, with the still
further proviso that at least one, preferably at least two of R2-
R6 is said alkanol group;
R7 is an alkylene of 2 to 4 carbon atoms, such as
ethylene (-C~i2C}I2-), propylene (-C1l2CH2CH2-), isopropylene
(-C~2C~I(C1l3)C1~2-), butylene (-C~2C~12C~I2CI12-), etc., or such
alkylene having one or more, such as one or two substituents,
such as hydroxyl, Cl-C4 lower alkyl, hydroxylower (Cl-C~) alkyl,
etc., preferably -CH2CH2- or -CH2CH2C112-, most preferably
-CH2CH2C~2-; and
X is a water-soluble salt-forminy anion, such as, for
example, halide, e.g. bromide, chloride or iodide; a sulfate,
methosulfate, etl-osulfate, hydroxide, acetate, propionate; or
other similar inorganic or organic solubili~ing monovalent anion.
Examples of preferred Rl groups include stearyl,
tallow, hydrogenated tallow, eicosyl, soya, and the like.
Examples of preEerred alkyl and alkenyl groups for R2
to ~6 include, ~ethyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl,
tert-butyl, n-butenyl, octyl, l-octenyl, etc. Methyl, ethyl,
propyl and isopropyl are especially preferred. Methyl and ethyl
are most preferred.
Examples of preferred alkanol groups for R2 to R6
include ethanol (n=0, m=l); propanol (m=0, n=l); and ethoxy-
- 2~(~'7~
propoxy-, and mixed ~ethoxy)(propoxy) ethanol and/or propanol,
such as (CH2C1~2O)mr~1, where ml is from 2 to 4;
~CHCE12O ~ H where nl is 2 to 4, and (cH2cH2o)ml(cH(cH3)cH2o)
~H3 Jnl
where ml and nl are each numbers of from l to 4 and ml + n] = 2
to 6. In the mixed ethoxy-propoxy alkanol groups, the order of
addition of the ethoxy and propoxy groups is not cr.itical and it
is understood that either blocks oE the ethoxy groups or blocks
of the propoxy groups can be bonded to the N-atom of the
diammonium compound or that the ethoxy and propoxy groups may be
randomly distributed. Thus, as is well known in the art, the
distribution of the ethoxy and propoxy groups wi].l be deterrnined
by the order in which the ethylene diamine or propylene diarn;ne
compound is condensed with ethylene oxide (or its precursor) and
propylene oxide (or its precursor).
Specific examples of compounds of formula (V) which are
either commercially available or readily manufactured by
customary techniques include
r 3 CH2CH2OH
~l) tallow-~CH2C~12CH2~~C~13 2C1~3S04-
CH3 CH2CH2OH
C112C1120H CH2CE12OH
(2) tallow-~C112C~!2CH2~N~~CH3 2CH3SO4-
c~3 C112C112011
.(C112C}120)p (Cll2cll2O)q~l
(3) stearyl-~C112C112C112-~C113 2C1-13SO4-
. C113 C~3 p+q=2 to lO
. , :
-
(C1~2C1~20) p~l (C112C~120) qll
(4) C16~137-~CH2c~l2 C112C112011 2C~I3SO4~
Cl33 C16H37 p~q=2 to ].0
(Cll(C113)C}~20)pH (C~l(C113)CH20)ql~
(5) C26H37-~CH2cH2c132 , -C1~3 2CH3SO4-
C3H8 (CH(cH3)Ql2O)rl~ p~q+r=3 to 15
etc. and the corresponding ethosulfate, halide, acetate, etc.,
water-soluble salts.
The above compound (2) (N-methyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-
tallowalkyl-Nl-methyl-N~-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-propylene-diammonium
ethosulfate is especially preferred. Tl)is compound is
commercially available as Rewoquat DQ35 from Rewo Chemicals Co.
oE Germany and is a clear liquid solution with 35~ solids
dissolved therein. ~ewoquat DQ35 has a free amine content oE
l less than 2~ by weight and has a p~ solution in water) in the
¦ range of from 3.5 to 5. This compound can be prepared in
customary manner, for example, by reacting 1 mole of N-methyl-N-
tallowalkyl-~'-methyl propylene diamine with 3 moles ethylene
oxide and then quaternizing the-resulting compound with
l methylsulfate. By ethoxylating with more than 3 moles ethylene
¦ oxide, the corresponding higher ethoxylated compounds can be
prepared.
¦ The amount of the antistatic agent is such that the
¦ composition contain from about 0.4 to 15~, preEerably from 1 to
¦ 12~, especially preferably from about 2 to 12%, by weight of the
¦ antistatic agent compound.
¦ The use of bleaching agents as aids in laundering is
¦ well known and such agents may be advantageously incorporated
into the present compositions. Of the many bleacl-ing agents used
2~
for household applications, the chlorine-containing bleaches are
most widely used at the present time. ~lowever, chlorine bleach
has the serious disadvantage oE being such a powerful bleacl)lng
agent that it causes measurable degradation oE the Eabric ant3 can
cause localized over-bleaching when used to spot-treat a fabric
undesirably stained in some manner. Other active chlorine
bleaches, such as chlorinated cyanuric acid, although somewhat
saEer than sodium hypochlorite, also suffer from the tendency to
damage fabric and cause localized over-bleaching. For these
reasons, chlorine bleaches can seldom be used or- amide-containing
fibers such as nylon, silk, wool and mohair. Furthermore,
chlorine bleaches are particularly damaging to many Elame
retardant agents which they render ineffective after as li~tle a~
Eive launderings.
Of the two major types of bleaches, oxygen-releasing
and chlorine-releasing, the oxygen bleaches, sometimes referre-1
to as non-chlorine bleaches or "all-fabric" bleaches, are more
advantageous to use in that oxygen bleaching agents are not only
more effective in whitening fabrics and removing stains, hut
they are also safer to use on colors. They do not attack
fluorescent dyes commonly used as fabric brighteners or the
fabrics to any serious degree and they do not, to any appreciable
extent, cause yellowing of resin fabric finishes as chlorine
bleaches are apt to do. Both chlorine and non-clllorine bleaches
use an oxidizing agent, such as sodium hypoch]orite in the case
of clllorille bleaches and sodium perborate in the case oE non-
chlorine bleaches, that reacts with and, with the help of a
detergent, lifts out a stain.
Among the various substances which may be used as
oxygen bleaches, there may be mentioned hydrogen peroxide and
9, ~)'7~69
other per compounds which g;ve rise to hydrogen peroxide in
aqueous solution, such as alkall metal persulfates, perborates,
percar~onates, perphosphates, persilicates, perpyrophosphates,
peroxides and mixtures thereoE.
~lthough oxygen bleaches are not, as deleterious to
fabrics, one major drawback to the use of an oxygen bleach is the
high temperature and high alkality necessary to efficiently
activate the bleach. Because many home laundering facilities,
particularly in the United States, employ quite moderate washlng
temperatures (20C, to 60~C), low alkalinity and short soaking
times, oxygen bleaches when used in such systems are capable oE
only mild bleaching action. There is thus a great need for
substances which may be used to activate oxygen bleacll a~ ]ower
temperatures.
Various activating agents for improving bleaching at
lower temperatures are known. These activating agents are
roughly divided into three groups, namely (1) M-acyl compouncls
such as tetracetylethylene diamine (TA~D), tetraacetylglycoluril
and the like; (2) acetic acid esters of polyhydric a]cohols such
as glucose penta acetate, sorbitol hexacetate, sucrose octa
acetate and the like; and (3) organic acid anhydrides, such as
phtl)alic anhydride and succinic anhydride. The preferred bleacl
activator being T~ED. Oxygen bleach activators, such as ~rA~n
function non-catalytically by co-reaction with the per compound
to form peracids, such as peracetic acid from TAED, or sa]ts
thereof which react more rapidly with oxidizable compounds than
the per compound itself.
Various other detergent additives or adjuvants may be
present in the detergent product to give it additional desired
properties, either oE functional or aesthetic nature. Thus,
~ 2q~ 7~
there may be included in the formulation, minor amounts oE soil
suspending or anti-redeposition agents, e.g. polyvinyl alcohol,
fatty amides, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxy-propyl
methyl cellulose; optical brighteners, e.g. cotton, amine and
polyester brighteners, for example, stilbene, triazole and
benzidine sulEone compositions, especially, sulEonated
substituted tria~inyl stilbene, sulfonated naphthotria~ole
stilbene, benzidine sulfone, etc., most preferred are stilhelle
and triazole combinations.
Bluing agents such as ultramarine blue; enzymes,
preferably proteolytic enzymes, such as subtilisin, bromelin,
papain, trypsin and pepsin, as well as amylase type enzymes,
bactericides, e.g. tetrachlorosalicylanilide, hexachlorophene5
fungicides; dyes; pigments (water dispersible); preservatives;
ultraviolet absorbers; anti-yellowing agents, such as sodium
carboxymethyl cellulose, complex of cl2 to C22 alkyl alcohol with
C12 to Cl~ alkylsulfate; p}~ modifiers and pll bufers; perEume,
and anti-foam agents or suds-suppressors, e.g. silicon compounds
can also be used.
The proportions of these components whicll may he
present in the preferred total care compositions, in percent by
weight (of actives) based on the total weight oE the final
product are as follows: en~ymes - 0 to 2~, especially 0.7 to
1.3%; corrosion inhibitors - about 0 to 40~, and preferably 5 to
30%; anti-foam agents and suds-suppressors - 0 to 15~, preEerably
o to 5~, for example 0.1 to 3~; soil suspending or anti-
redeposition agents and anti-yellowing agents - 0 to 10~,
preferably 0.5 to 5~; colorants, perEumes, briyhteners and bluing
agents total weight 0% to about 2% and preferably 0~ to about 1~;
p~l modifiers and pl~ buffers - 0 to 5%, preferably 0 to 2~;
~ 2n()7lfis
bleachiny agent - 0~ to about 40& and preferably 0~ to about 25~,
Eor example 2 to 20~; bleach stabilizers and bleach activators 0
to about 15&, preferably 0 to lO~,.for example, 0.]. to ~. Tn
the selections of the adjuvants, they will be chosen to be
compatible with the main constituents of the detergent
composition.
While the nonionics and amphoterics are preferably tlle
sole surface-active detergent compounds used in the compositi.ons
of this invention, small amounts oE other surface-active
compounds, including other nonionics, anionics, and zwitterionics
can also be used, preferably in amounts up to 20% by weight,
especially up to 10% by weight, and especially preferably up to
5~ by weight.
The Eollowing example is presented Eor the purpo~se oE
illustrating the present invention and is not intended to be
limitative. All percentages are by weight unless otherwise
specified.
Example
The compositions set -forth in Table I were prepare(l by
mixing the various ingredients in water.
3~
Z~0'7~L69
Table I
.. __ . _ I
~ Composition ~ B
Ingredient ~~~~~---__ (~) l~)
. ___ _ ~ . _ .
Neodol~ 45~ Shell) ~1) 3 6
BA0 86/8141-5 (BASF) (2) 3
Rewoteric AMDML (R~O) (3) 1.5 1.5
Silicate (4) 3.0 3.0
TPP (5) 42 42
10 Optical srightener (6) 0.3 0.3
Perborate Tetrahydrate (7) 20 20
TAED (3) 4.1 4.1
~rosurf TA 100 (9) 5.5 5.5
l~ewoquat DQ35 (~WO) (10) 3.0 3.0
15 ~lcalase 2T(11) 1.0 1.0
CMC ~12) 2.0 2.0
Perfume 0.5 0.5
EDTA (13) 0.5 0.5
Water Q.S. _ Q.S.
(1) - nonionic surfactant - ethylene oxide condensation
product comprising 1 mole of higher fatty a1cohol of
14 to 15 carbon atoms and 11 moles oE ethylene oxide
(Shel]. Chemical Company)
(2) - sugar ether - a mixture oE monoalkylglucoside and dialkyl-
glucoside having 12-14 carbon atoms in the alkyl grou~
whicll is richer in the dialkylglucoside
(3) - amphoteric surfactant - a betaine of the Eormula
CH3 O
C121125-N~-C112-C-09
c~l3
(4) - builder - sodium silicate
(5) - builder - sodium tripolyphosphate
(6) - optical brightener - an anioni.c optical brighteller Tinopal
~TS-X (Ciba-Geigy)
¦ ~B,E CON'INUED ON NEX'I' PAGU
~ 6~
TABLE I (CON'T)
~7) - bleach - sodium perborate tetrahydrate
~8) - bleach activator - tetracetylethylenediamine
~9) ~ softening agent - distearyl dimethyl ammon.ium chloride
~10) - softening booster and processing aid - N-methyl-N-(2-
hydroxyethyl)-N-tallowalkyl-N'-methyl-N'-bis~2-
hydroxyethyl) propylene diammonium methyl sulfate
~11) - enzyme
(12) - sodium carboxymethylcellulose
~13) - ethylene di,amine tetra-acetic acid
Compositions A and B were subjected to identical
miniwascator tests ~40C: maximum of 6 wash cycles; 200 ppm water
hardness; dosage 6 g/l; load: desized terry clothes) to evaluate
whitening ~Gardener XL B00). The results are shown in Table Il.
Table II
Improvement In
-~ Whiteninq I ~RD ~ 1 )
~ Wash Cycles 1 3 h
Material ~ .
Cotton +6.70 -~8.15 +12.a4
Cotton/Polyester Blend +4.64 +5.42 +10.2].
RD = RDA - RDB (RD~ = average RD va].ue Eor Eormulation
A; RDB ~ average RD value for formulati.on B)
Similar results were obtained with other glucosides oE
the BA series (B~SF) and also with Triton ~G 10 (Rohm h llaas),
which varied in the chain length of the alkyl groups.
In all cases, the softening perEormance level was
preserved.
34
