Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
2017526
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C-4169 . `:`
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AN EXTRUSION SHAPING METtlOD `
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Field of the invention
This invention generally relates to a method of
extruding a profiled strip of polymeric material and, more
particularly, relates to a method of extruding a profiled
strip of polymeric material and immediately after extrusion,
re~haping a leading and a trailing end of a molding piece in
the strip by a set of compression molding dies such that
molding pieces having prefinished ends are readily obtained
after routing of the flash.
Background of the invention
Profiled strips extruded of polymeric materials are
widely used in automobile body applications as molding
pieces. Molding pieces such as body side moldings or wheel
well moldings are used to protect a vehicle body from impact
damage and to protect edges of sheet metal paneIs from
-~ corrosion. Most of these molding pieces are extruded of
thermoplastic materials such as PVC (polyvinyl chloride),
thermoplastic rubber, thermoplastic urethane, or other
flexible polymeric materials. PVC is one of the most widely
used materials for its low cost and good physical properties. ~ ~ i
Molding pieces such as a body side molding may be
extruded of a plastic material alone or extruded in an
i extrusion coating process where plastic material is extruded
on a metal reinforcing substrate. In an extrusion coating ;
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process where plastic material is combined with a more rigid ;-
metal substrate, a cross-head extrusion technique is used.
In cross-head extrusion, a continuous length of metal
reinforcing substrate is pulled through an extrusion die at
90 angle to the direction of the plastic flow while molten
plastic material is being extruded onto the metal substrate. `~
The metal reinforcing substrate is usually cleaned and dried `~
through a multi-station process and formed by a series of ~- .:`*'t'
metal roll formers prior to the entry into the extrusion die. ;~
However, such metal reinforcing substrate may also be in the
form of a thin metal foil which does not require preforming.
In automobile body parts, the aesthetic appearance
of the part is one of the most important criteria that must -
be satisfied. In the extrusion of vinyl or vinyl/metal
substrate reinforced molding pieces, the quality of the
appearance of the molding pieces obtained is dependent upon
many variables. One of these variables is how well the ends
of the molding pieces are finished.
Currently, the industry practice i6 to cut the
continuous length extrudate into appropriate lengths in-line
after cooling of the extrudate. Even though this is a
relatively efficient process, the parts produced,
particularly the shear cut ends, are crude and unfinished.
The metal substrate running through the center of the
extrusion is frequently exposed at both ends of the cut
molding pieces which is aesthetically unacceptable.
It is, therefore, an object of the present
invention to provide a method of extrusion shaping profiled
strips of polymeric material with smooth finished ends. ;~
It is another object of the present invention to ;
produce extruded profiled strips of polymeric material that
have substantially no exposed metal substrate in the ends.
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It is a further object of the present invention to
extrude profiled strips of polymeric material having smooth
finished ends without using labor intensive secondary
finishing steps.
Summary of the invention ~ i~{~
The aforementioned objects can be achieved by the `
practice of our novel extrusion shaping technique. In our
extrusion shaping technique, an extrudate, while still hot ` `~
immediately after the extrusion die, is compression molded to
form a leading and a trailing end of a molding piece by a set ~ ~ -
of matched molding dies. The extrudate having finished ~ s
leading and trailing ends of a molding piece is then cooled ~
in a cooling tank prior to being cut into separate molding ; i~-
pieces. .
In practice, two sets of matched molding dies are :~
used to alternately synchronize with the extrudate at a
suitable line speed. Each set of molding dies is mounted on
a reciprocating precision die carrier which allows lateral
movement of the dies, while the die carrier is mounted on a
reciprocating extensible shuttle to allow precision movement ;1
parallel to the extrudate. The extrusion die design, the die
carrier design, and the extensible shuttle movement design ;
are critical in the production of defect-free extruded
molding pieces with finished ends. Imperfection in any of
these three design areas would produce molding pieces with ` ;~
drag-type defects such as shock lines and dimensional
variations. ~ ~/ t''~6
Brief description of the drawings ;~
Figure 1 is a flow chart showing the relevant steps
of the extrusion shaping process. : -;
Figure 2 is a schematic of the equipment setup of
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the extrusion shaping process.
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Figure 3 is a perspective view of the die carriers
and the extensible shuttles.
Figure 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a ~-
matched molding die taken along the length of the die. `~
Figure 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the ` -
matched molding dies taken along the width of the die.
Figure 6 is a perspective view of the die carriers ~
in the alternate embodiment. ` `=
Detailed description of the preferred embodiment
In our preferred embodiment, a PVC extrudate is ~ `-
first made by extrusion coating a PVC resin composition onto
a continuous length of reinforcing metal substrate. The
extrudate is then compression molded to form a trailing and
leading ends of a molding piece immediately after the -
extrucion die by a set of compression molding dies. A flow
chart showing this process is shown in Figure 1. The
individual processing steps shown in Figure 1 may be more
easily explained by the schematic of the equipment set up
shown in Figure 2. ~;
In our preferred embodiment, a 2-1/2 inch standard
plaetic extruder 10 is used for the extrusion coating
process. It is obvious that any standard size plastic
extruder may be used determined by the size of the extrudate
de6ired. A metal foil 12 is being fed from metal foil roll `~
14 into extrusion die 16. It is desirable to locate the ,;,
extruder on an overhead platform and orient the extrusion die
16 such that plastic flow is directed straight down as shown
in Figure 2.
Immediately after the extrudate 20 exits the
extrusion die 16, approximately at a distance of 8 to 10
inches from the extrusion die, the extrudate 20 enters into
an extensible die shuttle carrier station 30. An enlarged
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detailed construction of the extensible die shuttle carrier
30 is shown in Figure 3.
As shown in Figure 3, the extensible die shuttle
carrier 30 is mounted on a fixed position metal plate 32 in a
vertical direction situated behind the extrudate 20. Two
extensible die shuttles 40 and 50 are mounted on the carrier -~
plate 32 in a parallel relationship. The extensible shuttles
40 and 50 are operated by a reciprocating ball linear motion
screw mechanism 42 capable of precision tracking the line ~;`
speed of the extrudate while producing zero backlash. Our .. ",?`"'~'`'~"':';'
tests have shown that at an extrusion line speed of lS to 30
feet per minute, an accuracy of 0.001 mm in stop point
repeatability can be obtained with our reciprocating ball',,3,,~,~J;~
linear motion screw mechanisms. ~ m
The design of the extensible die shuttle is a very
important step of our novel extrusion shaping process. The
shuttle must be a highly precise mechanical device capable of
functioning with exact movement repeatability. It must also i ,;`
be designed to respond to a built-in electronic controller to ~`,
not only control the shuttle, but also coordinate it with the
extruder and the haul off device. The shuttle should also ~`
have wide and accurate adjustment capability.
On the reciprocating extensible shuttle 40, a ~ ;
reciprocating precision die carrier 60 is mounted. The ~ ~ :
reciprocating precision die carrier 60 is operated by an ~ ` ~
electrical worm gear linear actuator 62 which is dicectly~ ,9
coupled to a two-way variable speed servo motor (not shown).
The linear actuator 62 carries the die carrier 60 and guided
by two linear motion travel guides 66. Another linear
actuator 58 allows die assembly 70 mounted on the die
mounting plates 64 to move laterally in tracking the ~ ;
extrudate. The linear actuator 58 must be able to move
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precisely and rapidly in the tracking of the extrudate.
Locating pins 68 are mounted on the die mounting plates 64
for the mounting of the die assembly.
A quick change molding die clamp assembly 70, as
shown in Figure 3, is mounted on the die mounting plates 64.
The die clamp assembly is controlled by a two-way hydraulic
valve 72 and a hydraulic solenoid 74. The design of the
mounting of the shaping dies 76 and 78 is such that they can
be quickly exchanged. The shaping dies should be drilled~ y~
(not shown) for high volume water flow to provide quick `~
response temperature control to maintain an optimum 60 to
80F surface temperature of the dies. This temperature
control is desirable in order to set the thermoplastic
extrudate and to maintain a surface matching the extruded
unshaped section.
Figures 4 and 5 show enlarged cross-sectional views
of the molding dies. Figure 4 shows a view taken along the
length of the die while Figure 5 shows a view taken along the
width of the die. The design of the molding dies is another
important factor for the successful practice of our novel
invention. The die cavity must be designed to avoid the
formation of mold edge marks at the prefinished ends. The
ellmlnatlon of mold marks is accomplished by constructing the
opening in the upper female die 76 (Fig. 5) to fade away -
proportionately from the forming area to the extreme end of
the die in both directions, i.e., the trailing end and the~;~ "`';;
leading end. We have discovered that the optimum opening for
fade away is approximately 1 mm over 300 mm. Other fade away
opening ratios may also produce good parts, but some degree
30 of distortion may be noticeable. Leveling pads 92 (Figure 4)~i ~
are provided to better control the leveling of the upper~ ~ ,
female die 76 and the lower die 78. ~;
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Another important design factor to be considered in the
construction of the die is that the cavity in the lower die
must be precisely cut to accept the material displaced
locally during shaping. We have determined that the cavity
opening 80 (Fig. 5) must inversely profile the upper die
section with a volume that is approximately 1/64 les~ than -~ - r~'
the volu~e di~placed. Thi~ ratio is reguired to provide --
slight back pressure and to prevent sink marks in the shaped
extrudate. The lower die 78 is not required to fade away
open but it must regi~ter the extruded section on center.
The design of the fade away open in the upper die 76 is
important in order to eliminate mold marks which tend to form ;
at the point where the mold no longer touches the extrudate.
The properly designed tapered fade open also avoid~ shearing `~ ~
15 action and minimize~ a drag-type defect commonly known as ~ r\-f
shock lines. By the precise combination of a properly
designed fade away open and a suitably sizod lower die
cavity, smooth finished leading and trailing ends can be ~ `';
obtained on continuou~ length extrudate. The trailing end '~
and the leading end are shown as 84 and 86 in Fig. 5.
The practice of our novel invention may now be
described a~ follow~. In Figure 2, it i~ see~ that two mold
carriers 60 and 85 each mounted on a reciprocating exten~ible
shuttle 40 and 50 are u~ed to engage the extrudate 20 one at
a tlme in a hand-over-hand manner. A set of molding dies 76
and 78 fir~t extends in open positlon to a point directly
over the extrudate 20 and moves down at a speed slightly
faster than the movement of the extrudate. When propsr speed
18 attained, moldlng dies 76 and 78 close and form a leading
and tralling end simultaneously. Moldlng dies 76 and 78
continue to move wlth the extrudate untll it reaches a -`
predetermined set point which actuates the second set of
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molding dies 46 and 48 causing it to close at precise timing
to establish the length of the molded part.
The second set of molding dies 46 and 48 then
extends to a position directly over the extrudate and moves
with the extrudate until a speed slightly faster than the
movement of the extrudate is achieved. Molding dies 46 and
48 then close to form a leading and trailing end
simultaneously. Molding dies 76 and 78 then open and retract
away from the extrusion and quickly returns to home position.
When the second set of molding 46 and dies 48 reaches the
predetermined set point, molding dies 76 and 78 extend and u~
repeat the sequence.
Repeated actions of molding dies 76, 78 and 46, 48
create a continuous series of formed areas on the extrudate
precisely spaced to preset lengths. This continuous
extrudate flows directly into a vertical water bath 28
approximately 10 feet deep. It should be noted that in
Figure 2, the extrudate after shaping is rotated 90 to
better illustrate the process. The extrudate then passes ~-
around a combination idler drum puller mechanism driven at a
speed synchronized with the basic extrusion rate. From the
idler drum 90, the extrudate is guided into a grooved fixture
94 and pulled by puller 95 through a router machining
a66embly 96 which removes a thin layer of flash material on `~
the extrudate. ~ "
The router 96 is arranged such that the blades just
clear the shoulders opposite the groove and shave the flesh
and excess material from the lower side of both the leading ~ ;~
and the trailing ends. This effectively produces a finished
part cut precisely to length which has two formed and ~ ~ :
finished ends. Our novel process thus produces a continuous
series of cut-to-length extruded parts with both ends neatly ;
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shaped, ready for application of adhesive tape ror mounting `-
purposes.
In an alternate embodiment, we have developed a
simpler mold shuttle mechanism which eliminates the need for
horizontal lateral movement. This is shown in Figure 6.
In our alternate embodiment, the horizontal acting `~
carriers are replaced by a pair of power jaw clamps 106 and
108 which allow the molding dies 110 and 112 to pass during
vertical movement. The alligator type jaws are designed to
open wide enough to allow the opposite clamp and mold dies to ` ^
pass between them in closed position. ~ ~-
All other machine functions would be the same as
that in the preferred embodiment except for the fact that -~
opening and closing of the power jaws must be coordinated and ;~ `
fitted with safeties to ensure that one clamp is open and one
is closed anytime the two pass each other.
AS shown in in Figure 6, starting at home position ,
with the mold carrier 102 full up toward the extrusion die
and the other mold carrier 104 full down at the end of travel
the extru8ion is started to establish proper extruded profile
and line speed8. Once the extruder has reached equilibrium ~;
and i~ making an acceptable profile, the mold carrier
mechanism begins to function. Mold carrier 102 advances,
attains line speed, and forms a leading and trailing end into ;~ ;~
the extrudate. Simultaneously mold carrier 104 quickly moves
to full up position. Mold carrier 102 continues to advance
until a preset point is reached which causes mold carrier 104
to advance, attain line speed and close onto the extrudate. , ;
Once carrier 104 is closed, carrier 102 opens and returns to `-
full up position. Meanwhile carrier 104 continues to advance
until it reaches a preset point which signals mold carrier
102 and causes it to advance, attain line speed, and close.
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These actions continue in precise harmony creating
a continuous length of extrudate with ends formed equally
spaced over its length. All of these operations occur at
full line speed with no stops or pauses.
While our invention has been described in terms of
a preferred embodiment and an alternate embodiment thereof,
it is to be appreciated that those skilled in the art will `~
readily apply these teachings to other possible variationfi of
the invention.
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