Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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BALANCED NEUTRAL LIQ~ID
DETERGENT/LOTION EMULSION FORMULATION
FIELD OF INVENTION
Extremely mild liquid skin cleansing compositions
S in emulsion form having a major lotion component.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a liquid extreme-
ly mild skin cleanser, and more particularly to such
skin cleanser, which is neutral and well-balanced
as to its detergent and lotion components, in an
emulsion form. Most soaps are alkaline, which is
extremely harsh on the skin, but the present formula-
tion is essentially neutral~ Many skin cleansing
formulations produce excessive foaming, as is also the
case with most detergents~ especially ~hose without
lotion emollientsO The present formulati~n is balanced
and therefore does not produce excessive foaming,
thereby also permitting rapid rinsing. In addition,
many skin cleansing formulations of the prior art
2Q induce or cause complete stripping of skin oils,
just as is the case with usual detergents, but the
composition of the present invention cleanses the skin
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surface and CreViCeS witho~t drying out or stripping
the skinO Moreover, instead of relatively harsh
detergents as commonly employed in prior art prep-
arations, even those regarded as or suggested to be
"mild" skin cleansing compositions, the composition of
the present invention is of an essentially neutral pH,
and employs a mild detergent together with suitable
lotion emollients in suitable amounts to attain a
desired balance between cleansing effect and emollient
effect, thereby producing a highly desirable and
extremely advantageous liquid skin cleansing composi-
tion which is not harsh to the skin, which does
not produce excessive foaming, stripping of skin oils,
or drying out of the skin, and which combines the
employment of a mild detergent with lotion emollients
in a desired balance between cleansing and emollient
effects, thereby assuring effective and rapid cleansing
of skin surfaces without drying or stripping and
leaving them with an extremely soft and pleasant
"feel".
PRIOR ART
The prior art is well summarized in ~.S. Patent
4,673,525, issued June 16, 1987, but neither the
disclosure of this U~S. Patent nor any of the prior art
cited therein or thereagainst, or otherwise known to
this inventor, shows or suggests any balanced neutral
liquid detergent/lotion emulsion formulation of the
present invention, nor the particular requirements and
components for the production thereof, nor the highly
advantageous results which are effected upon use
thereof.
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OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to
produce a more satisfactory liquid mild skin cleans-
ing composition which embodies cleansing effect and
emollient effect and produces superior and advantageous
results with respect to adequate and rapid cleansing
without excessive foaming, thereby permitting rapid
rinsing, which cleanses without drying or stripping of
skin oil, and which embodies lotion emollients in high
degree, thereby effecting a desired balance between
cleansing effect and emollient effect and leaving the
skin with a comfortable, pleasant, soft and highly-
acceptable skin "feel" upon use. Another object of the
invention is to provide such formulation containing a
specified pH which is essentially neutral, which is
essentially in emulsion form, and which cornprises a
certain range of lotion ingredients to cleansing
ingredients based upon solids content o~ the formula
tion, which is necessary for attaining the highly
desirable characteristics of the composition of the
present invention upon use thereof.
Other objects of the invention will be apparent to
one skilled in the art and still other objects of the
invention will become apparent hereinafter from the
more detailed description which follows.
A
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SllMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention, then, comprises the following
aspects, inter alia:
a balanced, essentially neutral, liquid detergent-
lotion emulsion formulation comprising between about
10~ and about 30% by weight of total solids, and
consisting essentially of, by weight of total formu-
lation:
detergent or cleansing agent solids comprising an
alkali metal sulfate and at least one cocamide salt in
an amount between about 8% and 18%; foam and viscosity
booster comprising sodium chloride between about .5%
and 1.5~; these components comprising the detergent or
cleansing component portion of the formulation,
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emollient-moisturizer comprising petroleum jelly,
a cellulose ether, and an alkylhydroxy fakty acid
ester be~ween about O3~ and 3%; emulsifier comprising
an acrylic copolymer, a fatty acid glyceride, and a
polyoxyethylene fatty acid between about .6% and 3.6%;
viscosity adjuster comprising a pyrrolidone between
about .1% and 1~; p~ adjuster to pH about 7; fragrance,
and preservative, these components comprising the
lotion portion of the formulation,
the percent of lotion solids based upon total
weight of the formulation being between about 2% and
11% by weight,
and deionized or distilled water to make up 100%
of the liquid emulsion composition; such a
composition wherein the percentage by weight of
lotion solids based upon total weight is about 6%; and
such a
composition wherein the percentage by weight of
lotion solids based upon total weight is about 6% and
the total solids content of the ~ormulatiGn i5 about
20~, the composition being above 40% lotion on the ICI
scaleO
Moreover, a balanced, essentially neutral, liquid
detergent-lotion emulsion formulation comprising
between about 10% and about 30% by weight of total
solids, and consisting essentially of, by weight of
total formulation:
detergent or cleansing agent comprising sodium
laureth sulfate, cocamido propyl betaine and cocamide
DEA in an amount between about 8% and 18%; foam and
viscosity booster comprising sodium chloride between
about .5% and 1.5~, these components comprising the
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deterg~nt or cleansing component solids portion of the
formulation,
emollient-moisturizer comprising petroleum jelly,
polyquaternium 10, and octyl hydroxystearate between
about .3% and 3%; emulsifier comprising a carboxyvinyl
copolymer and glyceryl stearate-PEG-100 between about
.6~ and 3.6%; viscosity adjuster comprising lauryl
pyrrolidone between about .1~ and 1~ pH adjuster
comprising triethanolamine to pH about 7; fragrance,
and preservative, these components comprising the
lotion solids portion of the formulation,
the percent of lotion solids based upon total
weight of the formulation being between about 2~ and
1 1 ~ ,
and deionized or distilled water to make up 100%
of the liquid emulsion composition; such a
composition wherein the percentage by weight of
lotion solids based upon total weight is about 6%; and
such a
composition wherein the percentage by weight of
lotion solids based upon total weight is about 6% and
the total solids content of the formulation is about
20%r the composition being above 40~ lotion on the ICI
scale.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The following Preparations and Examples are
given to illustrate the compositions of the present
invention, but are not to be construed as limiting.
PREPARATION 1 - 5% w/w Polymer JR 400 Dispersion
In a two-liter beaker: To 700 grams of deionized
water with high speed mixing add 50 grams JR 400. This
results in a thin dispersion with JR 400 settling out
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on standing. Add 250 grams of hot water at 70~C while
mixing. Allow to cool to 35~C. Almost instantly the
dispersion thickens and almost gels, but clears to a
straw-colored very viscous mass upon slight agitation.
The pH is found to be 5.1.
PREPARATION_2 - l~ w/w Carbopol~M 1342 Dispersion
In a two-liter beaker: To 700 grams of deionized
water with high-speed mixing add 10 grams Carbopol~1342
which thickens. Then add 290 grams of water at 65C.
The mixture becomes a moderately-viscous aerated dis-
persion upon further stirring. The product is strained
through four (4) layers of cheesecloth, whereafter no
lumps or undispersed particles are noted.
The pH is found to be about 3.2.
15 PREPARATION 3 ~ 1% w/w Carbopol~342 Dispersion (alter-
native)
In a two-liter beaker, mix:
Carbopol~ 342 - 14 grams
Deionized Water - 1386 grams
1400 grams
Use Arde-Barinco~ Mixer - 1% w/w appears to
disperse well without evidence of lumps. As an extra
precaution, the dispersion is strained through six (6)
layers of gauze. The prod~ct is very aerated.
The pH is found to be 3.2.
EXAMPLE 1: LIQUID SOAP FORMULATION INCORPORATING ~AJOR
LOTION COMPONENT
Using a two-liter beaker, weigh in 600 grams of
a 1% weight/weight dispersion of Carbopol~ 1342 in
deionized water. (This is prepared separately as a 1.4
kgm size batch with the ~se of an Arde-BarincoJ Mixer
which provides the appropriate shear to pr~d~ce a
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~niform dispersion quickly.) Weigh in 27.75 grams of
deionized or distilled water.
Introduce a prop-type mixer into the above and,
while mixing (note that mixture is slightly viscous and
slightly opalescent), add 3705 milliliters of a 20
weight/weight aqueous solution of sodium chloride.
(This causeS some thinning of the mixture.) Add 10.5
milliliters of a S0% weight/weight aqueous solution of
triethanolamine. (Some thickening is noted.)
Continue to add while mixing: 450 grams of
StandapolTM ES-3, 90 gra~s of VelvatexTM ~K-35, 30 grams of
StandamidJM SD, and 150 grams of a 5% weight/weight
aqueous dispersio~ of Polymer JR-400T~. The mi~ture is
now moderately viscous, opalescent and aerated. The
mixture is set aside overnight, resulting in loss of
entrapped air. The next day, the mixture is heated to
75 degrees centigrade while mixing.
In the interim, a mixture of 7.5 grams of petro-
latum, 7.5 grams of WickenolTM 171, and 30 grams of
Arlacel 165 in a 100-milliliter beaker is also heated
to 75 degrees centigrade and then added to the above, -
followed by 7.5 milliliters of 50% w/w aqueous tri-
ethanolamine or, alternatively, 7.5 milliliters of
a combination of Mazeen C-15 (PEG (15) cocoamine
(CTFA nomenclature), from MAZER~ Chemicals) and 50%
weight/weight triethanolamine (TEA) in a 1:2 ratio.
This results in a slight'y milky appearance due to the
emulsion of lotion ingredients.
The mixture is then cooled to Z5 degrees centi-
grade in a water/ice bath while mixing, resulting in a
slightly viscous, milky liquid.
Now add the following while mixing: -
0.75 gram of Dowicil~M 200,
6.0 grams of Perfume ~34318 - Cologne-type
fragrance
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37.5 mi~ iters of 20% w/w sodium chloride
7.5 milliliters of SurfadoneTM LP-300
This results in a very viscous, milky product.
The pH of the product is controlled by triethanol~
amine. The viscosity of the product is controlled by
sodium chloride and Surfadone LP-300.
This formulation contains "47.5~ Lotion" based
upon the fact that the lotion ingredients constitute
6.09~ of the total solids in the formula. This calcu
lation or extrapolation is based upon a review of ICI
United States Hand Products Formulary where Formula
HP-9, a 100~ lotion, has 12.8% solids. The lotion
ingredients in the present formulation actually
constitute 30~ of the total solids (6.0g compared to
19.68 or 20% total solids).
The pH of the formulation is about 6.7 and the
reading on a Brookfield~ Viscosometer using a No. 3
spindle at an RPM of 0.6 is 5.3.
In actual use, this product is found to be ex-
tremely effective as a skin cleanser, without excessivefoaming and permitting rapid rinsing, and to be ex-
tremely mild even upon sensitive skin, without strip-
ping of skin oils or excessive drying of the sXin,
and to leave the skin of the user with a pleasant,
comfortable, soft and highly-acceptable skin "feel
~ EXAr5PLE 2 - OTHER FORMULATIONS
-
Further examples of formulations according to the
invention, along with their ranges of percentage of
total solids content, preferred percentage of total
solids content, ingredients, and identification or
characterization of ingredients, are to be found in
TABLE I .
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tI~ ~ .P` ------~D CV ~I O~Ul ~W ~ -'
O ~ ~w ~> ~ o--~ r~
O t~ ~ ~ ~ 4 U) C U~ ~3 r ~ t~ (D
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dP ~n ~ r~ tD
~n~. r~ ~ ~5
Ot~ O ~ ID O ~ tD QJ /~ rt
1- ~ --Q- P r~ 1 o ~ ~ p) ~ ~
I_r~ o ~ 1-- ~ rt o ~ 0
Q ~ r~; y 1--- X I~
~?O Q- O ~ ~ O ~
1-~ -- o 1~ ~ ~ a~--
^ O o (D ~I CO ~ ~
o o ~ w~_ b
rl ~ U~ W W ~n ~
o o ~o
~rt ~h O CO t~
H ~
(D~ n w
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n dP
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rt
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I~ r~ dP
~~D p, CO ~ cr D'
P~` ~ ~
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_ ~ 1~ ~--' ` O ~ W ~ Z 1~- 0 X O X
. 3 0 cn ~JI ~ Ul I~ h Y-
~ ~t _ ~ E] 3 ~3
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O o ~ ~ ~ O r~O
1~ H~ O ~D 1~> ~ 0 _ _ ~ ~1 ~ ~D 1-- (5 H
O dP ~ o ~ C: O ~ . ~
~h O cs~ ~ ~ o U7 ~n Ul O ~ ~ P X Ch ~ C~ ,U O
~ rt ~ CD Ul ~ P Ul ~ ~ ~ ~ Ul P H
p) 3
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_ ll I_ P~ ~O ~ ~ ~ W 1~) ~ ~ W 3 1_ ~i Q
_ Pl ~ 3 ~1 rt
_ tl- w o ~ ~ X ~ (D O
c ,~. oul ul ~ n~ Ql ~h
O _ ~_.
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u p~ p~ w o ~ :~
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(D (D ~ D _
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G G ao m ç: G
n
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rt ~1
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P~ ~- m C ~ w ~) ~) o ~c w w ~ ~D
~.~. r~ rt 3 3 ~ 1~ m ~ 3 3 rt ~
O` Q 11 ~11 pl (1) 0 0 0 (D ~ ; Pl tt
,_ O ~ ~ Ul I~ I~ I~ p) Pl pl Z O Q 1~ 1~ t) 1
~ u~ n o rt fD 1~ t :~ ~ (D rt O t~ q tl- H
C 3 1- I C rD ~ D (Drt t~ h rt ~
~J: (~ ~I rt O p~ t rt :1 r1 ~ r~ r~ O rt 1~- 1~- 1^~ ~ H
_ It ~ ~ t rt ~ P) O ~: (D ~D N It
t ~-t
r~ I I I )'- ~ ~ (~ O
Q ~D N ~D Ul 1'- ::1
r~ ~J. 3 ~ 3 D rl ~_. O ~P
~D ~; O O O ~ C rt
pl U~ 1~- ~- 1~~- U~ r't t_l.
t ~ ~ ; rt
r~ rt rt
1~. ~,. 1~.
Il N N W
tD tD ~D
a ~ r~ ~
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The formulations of TABLE I have the same advanta-
geous and desirable characteristics in practical use as
those described at the end of Example 1, with those
containing approximately the preferred percentages
of solids content bein~ most outstanding and hence
"preferred~.
EXAMPLE 3 - FURTHER FO~MULATIONS
The following TABLE XI gives a further list of
representative ingredients employed along with their
trade or common names, their chemical name, their CTFA
name (Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association;
usually as per label), and their supplier.
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TA~LE II
LIQUID SO~P FORMULATION EM~ODYIN5 MAJOR LCrICN C~X~PONENT
LIST OF INGREDIENTS EMPLOYED
TR~DE/COMMON NAME CTFA NAME (Label) SUPPLIER
Water Water
Standapol ES-3 - Sodiwn Laureth Sulfate Henkel
(Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate)
Velvetex BK-35 Cocamido Propyl Betaine Henkel
(Cocamido Propyl Betaine)
Arlacel 165 Glyceryl Stearate-PEG 100 ICI USA
(50% Polyo~yethylene stearic acid
50% Mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids)
Standamid SD Cocamide DEA Henkel
(Cocamide Diethylamine)
SDdium Chloride Sodium Chloride
Triethanolamine, 99% Triethanolamine
Sncw Petrolatum Petrol~tum Penreco
Wickenol 171 Octyl Hydroxystearate CasChem
[2-Ethylhexyl 12-hydroxystearate)
Ucare Polymer JR 400 PolyquaterniuTn 10 Amerchol
(Cellulose, ~-ether with ~-[2-hydroxy-
3-~trimethylammonio) propyl]- ~-hydroxy
poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl~chloride)
Surfadone LP 300 Lauryl Pyrrolidone GAF :,
(N-(n-Dodecyl)pyrrolidone)
Carbopol 1342 Carboxy Vinyl Copol~mer Goodrich
~Ac~ylic o~polymers; Carboxy p~l~met~ylene~
Perfume #34318 Fragrance (Cologne-tyFe) Carrubba
Dowicil 200 OuaterniuTn 15 Dcw
(Cis isomer of 1-(3-chloroallyl)-3,5,7-triaza-
l-azDniaadamantane chloride)
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The suppliers of the active ingredients of the
compositions of the invention along with the tradenames
for the ingredients and the CTFA (Cosmetic, Toiletry,
and Fragrance Association) names for the ingredients
are set forth in the foregoing tabulation, it being
understood that substitution of other functional-
ly equivalent emulsifiers, cleansers, moisturizer-
emollients, viscosity adjusters, pH neutralizers,
preservatives, and fragrances may be made wherever
necessary or desirable, so long as the excellent and
desirable cXaracteristics of the balanced neutral
liquid detergent-lotion emulsion formulations of the
present invention are not essentially changed by the
substitution.
Reference is made to U.S. Patent 4,673,525, for a
disclosure of some moisturizer-emollients which may be
substituted in the compositlon of the present invention as
well as for other non-soap cleansers or surfactants, poly-
mers or otherwise, which may be ~ubstituted for one or moreof the mild detergents or cleansers used in the foregoing,
as well as other optional ingredients which may or may
not be included in the composition of the present
invention depending upon the objectives of the formu-
lator. As other detergents or cleansers which may beincorporated into the compositions of the invention may
; be mentioned one or more of the CTFA-identified prod-
ucts TEA lauryl sulfate, lauroamphocarboxyglycinate,
sodium myreth sulfate, lauramidopropyl betaine, and
lauramide DEA. As a further emulsirier which may also
be employed may be mentioned glyceryl stearate SE. As
moisturizer-emollient may also be employed Naturechem
OHS (octyl hydro~ystearate), PPG-10 methyl glucose
ether (Gluc~m P-10 from Amerchol), polypropylene
glycol, other polyglycols, glycerine, and sorbitol, as
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well as other moisturizer-humectants ~r em~llients
based upon these fundamental units. The polyethylene
glycols are clear, viscous, liquids at room temperature
and Polyglycols 200, 300, 400, or 600 may be employed,
although Polyglycol 400 is definitely preferred.
Moreover, as additional viscosity stabilizers which may
be employed ins~ead of or in addition to the sodium
chloride or Surfadone LP-300 may be mentioned methocel
and other cellulose derivatives, to name a few~ In
place of or in combination with the pH adjuster of the
present invention, triethanolamine, as neutralizers
Mazeen C-15 and other tertiary amines and the like or
an inorganic base such as sodium hydroxide may be
¦ employed. As another emollient-moisturizer may also be
employed Quaternium 22, a gluconamidopropyl dimethyl-2-
hydroxyethyl ammonium chloride product available from
Van Dyk under the name Ceraphyl 60. In place of or in
addition to the preservative Quaternium-15, methyl
and/or propyl parahydroxybenzoates may be illustrati~e-
ly employed. Other fragrances may be substituted asdesired, depending only upon ~he fragrance objectives
of the formulator. As far as the triethanolamine, it
is normally provided in liquid aqueous form and, as
employed in the examples hereof was of a 99% concentra-
tion, although other aqueous forms of triethanolamineare available having lower concentrations, and such
otherCtriethanolamine aqueous solutions, as well as
other tertiary amine and similar neutralizers, may be
employed in place of the triethanolamine with equal
facility.
It is accordingly seen from the foregoing that the
present invention provides a highly desirable and
advantageous balanced essentially neutral liquid
detergent or cleansing and lotion emulsion formulation
which contains an extremely high proportion of 1Otion
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to cleansing agent based upon total solid content,
which does not cause excessive foaming, which permits
rapid rinsing, which cleanses without drying and does
not cause stripping of skin oils, and which moreover
incorporates or embodies sufficient lotion emollients
to provide a desired balance between cleansing effect
and emollient effect and to leave the skin surface,
upon employment of the product of the present invention
in the usual manner for cleansing thereof, efficiently
clean, but yet soft and with a pleasant and totally
aeceptable skin "feel" which is a elean, refreshed, and
unusually smooth and isturized "feel~, especially
when compared with usual prior art detergents or skin
cleansers.
It is to be understood that the present invention
is not to be limited to the exact compounds, com-
positions, procedures, or formulations diselosed,
as numerous modifications and ehanges therein will
immediately become apparent to one skilled in the art
to which this invention pertains, wherefore the scope
of the invention is to be understood as limited only by
the full scope which can be legally accorded to the
appended claims.
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