Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
202~;37~
., ~
r
AC~IVE 8I~ING COMPOSI~IONS
~ hlz lnv~nt~on rel~taz to actlv~ lze- cont~lnlng a
r-~ctlv~ ~izlng Ag~nt and ~-'di~p-r-~nt.
For oonv~ nc-~ the t-rm "papor" i~ u~-d ln thl~
5 Jp~Ci~lo~t~on to mean ~ny fo~ o~ paper~ paporboard and
r~lat-d produot~, tho manu~a~ture of w~lch lnvo~vs~ the
~ctlon o~ a ~ ~lng ag-nt upon c~llulo~lc or other
f lbr-~,
Tradltlonally, paper ha~ b--n ~lzed ~lth ro~ln in
10 co~unctlon w~th ~lum, whlch act- a~ a pr-clpltant
More reo-ntly, r-actlv~ ~lzo~ ~av~ been lntroducod, in
wh~ch a ~lzlng ag~nt reaot~ dlr~ctly wlth ~h~ c-llu108~
of th~ paper On~ cla~ o~ re~ctlv ~lze~ ln common
u~ th- koten~ d1 m~r 61z~ Thece ~re typl~ally
15 u~-d an mul~lon~ ln wat~r in con~unotlon w~th
dl~p~ nt~ ~nd omul~lfl~, whlch ~erve to ~t~bll~
tho o~ul~on
Pr-vlou~ ket~no dlmer 81~e~ hAVe cont-ln-d, a~
dl~per-ant, o~tlonlc componant~ ~uch a- ~ta~ch~,
20 polyaDItne-~ polyamlde~ and polyacryl~mldo~. Th~s~
emul~ r~ and dl~pcr~nts aro ho~og-nl~od ln ~itu
wlth the kotene dlmer to ~orm c~tlonlc~lly ~t~blllsed
emul-lono
Whll~t ~tloactory ln m-ny ~p~llcat~on~, ~h- known
2S cat~on~cally ~tnbll~ed k~ton- dl~er ~lzo~ ~lvo rl-
~to pro~l-m- ln c~rtaln ~ppllcatlon~. Sn partlcular,
co~ln g~d-- o~ p~p-r ~or ll~uld paok~glng and th~
manu~notur~ o~ photogr~phic p~p~r- 1AVO1~e, in th~ir
manu~aotur~, th~ u-- of large quantltl-~ of catlonlc
30 poly~mlde amln~ ~pichlorohydrln ~ln, in ord-r to
pro~uce ~vou~abl- we~-~tr-nqth propertl-- ln the
~lnlsh-d pap~r. Tn a wot-ond proco~s, tho reoln is
no~lly ~dd~d to ~ho th~ok~tock. The r~ln ha~ a hlgh
~ub~t~ntlvlty to cell~lo~e, ~n ord-r to produce
3S ufflcient cover~ge Or th- flbr- Thc ~ntroductlon o~
. , .
2~24~7~
,~, , ~ : .,
... .
2 ~, .
~urth-r oatlonlc componQnt~, ~uch a~ ~tarch, dry-
~tr~ngth ro~ln and cAtlonically sta}~ utene dlmer
~ze a~n lcad to poor retention of tbe component~ b~
th~ collulo-- and result ln ~low drainag~, poor
5 ~tr~ngth prop~rtlo~ ~nd low Jlz~ng ef~lolenoy. ~ ~
~robl-m~ c~n al~o arl~ u~aco slzlng ~ ~ ;
proc-~e~, partloul~rly becau~ trend in the ~ :
m~nuSactUrs o~ ~lnn ~peci~ y paper3 ls to apply th~
~ntionlc ~t~roh-~t~bil~sod k-t~n- dlm-r iz- to th~
10 su~ co o~ th- paper h--t ln con~ unctlon with a
~luoro~cont wh~t-nlng ag-nt ~FWA), Suoh ~g-nts ~re
u~ually ~nionl~ in n~tur- nd thoir u~e ln oon~ un~tion
wl~h c~ or~lo-llt~bllls~d slzo~ c~n l~d to ~ reductlon
ln the ~-ctl~ne~ of the FWA ~nd c~u~- a ~uen~hing
15 ~S~at whloh qlve~ ri~o to a yollower p~p~r.
pr~vlll lnv~ lun pL-c~vld~ o.n ~c~ iDlng
compo-lt~on whlch comprl~-~ an a~ueou~ omul~lon of a
~activ- ~lzln~ ag-nt and ~n anlo~lc dl~p~r~nt a~d/or L .
cmul~ er ~or~lng to ~t~bill~o th- mul~lon, th~
~0 ro~ctlvo ~lsln~ agont ao~prl~ln~ at lo~t one compound
accord~ng to tho formula
CE~ C - C~R2
O - C O ~ ','''',.
25 wh-roln ~1 and R2 a~e, ~ndopendently of oaeh other, _ - ;
hydroc~bon r~d~ cal~ bavlng at l-a~t ~lx c~rbon atom~
more prof-rably alkyl, alkenyl, cy~lo~lkyl, Aryl~
~ralkyl or alk~ryl radlcal~
Slzlng ag~nt~ of the lnventlon can o~f~r ~d~antag~
30 a~poclally ln ~y~tem~ wh~r- c~.tionlc charg-d fillor~
o.g.~ proc~pltatQd c~lclum o~r~on~te~ a~e pr-~-nt or ln
~y~t~ u~lng catlonlc compon-nt~ ~.g., r-t-neion alds
o~ polyncrylam~d-, pol~amlno~ ~SI~ etc. in furni~h~ .! ;... -:
oon919tlny of gro~ndwood ~ thormom-ch~n~aal pulp~ or
chemlcal th-rmomeohanlc~l pulp~ wh-ro llmlt-d hydroxyl
j ..'.'., ":
.~
'~,i
2~2~7~ ~
~1!
~O~ lt~s are avallabl~ for AXD'attach~nt and
r~ct~vi~y,
~ o composltlon~ o~ tho lnv-ntion are partlcularly
~ultabl~ for U8- a~ an internal 3i~e ln 81zing
5 opor~tlon~ carrl-d out at the wet ond o~ a papor-making
proc~
In p-rtlcul~rly proforred si~lng ~g~nt~, R1 and R2
~re, indep~nd-nt~y o~ -~oh oth~r, C12 to C22 alkyl
qroup-, C~4 to C1g alkyl gFOUp- being e~poclally
10 pr-f ~rrot. Tho oo~pouna~ ln whlch R1 and R2 aro each
C14~29 or C16H33 ar- mo~t highly ~referr~d and are
ror-rr-d to hereina~tor a~ "palmit~c~t-arlc dlmer".
~he l~tter co~pound~ can ~o r~gard~d a~ the
cyoloaddltion pro~uct~ of on- koteno ~oloc~l~ of the
15 ~ormula R1-C~-C~O and on- koton- mol-oul- of the
~ormula R2-C~C-O~ wh-r-ln R1 And ~2 ar- o~ch C14H2g
or C16H35
It h~ ~urp~l~ingly ~--n ~ound that, contrary to
oxp-¢tatlono, actlve s~zlng compo~ltlonz ~acordlng to
20 ~h- tnventlon can b~ octlv~ ln th~lr olzlng
prop rtle~, partlcularly when u~od in hl~hly-cationlc
nvlronmonto, ~uch as tho-o encountor-d ln wot-on~
~izlng ln tb- m~nu~actur~ o~ llquld packaglng papers
and photograph~c p~per~ en~on~d ~bov~, and thos~,
2S ~o m~ntionod ~bo~to, wh-n t~ ctl~ e ~ u~-d ~ n
aonnection ~lth ~luoro~nt wh~ten~ng ag-nt~. In
addltlon, papers u-ing c~tlonla ~ r- ~uch a~
precipltat~d calclum aarbonAte can b~ ~iz~d offlciently
uB~ng ~n ~n~onlc~lly cb~rqed alkyl ket~n~ ~imo~ ~lz~ 0~
30 the P~o~ent lnvontlon. Th~t th~ oomposlt~on~ of th~
ln~n~lon a~n b- ffccl:lv- ~izlng ag-nt~ h~ mor~
~u~pri~ing booau~o lt h~- prevlou~ly b~n ~upposed ln
th~ are that ~n anionlcally ~t~bll~ -d ~lzlng ~g-nt
would laak th~ nQce~ary af ~lnlty wlth th- hydroxyl
35 group~ o~ tho c~llulo~ and th~t a ~tlonlcally
.. . , - . .. -.. ~. .... . . . .. , .. .... . , - . :
2 ~ 7 ~ ~
stab~ ed emul3lon WaB neces~ary to provlde t~e
n-c-~ary rotentlon o~ the slzlng agent by reactlon
wlth th~ hydroxyl group~
The dl~par~ant andtor ~mul4lfler ~tablll81ng the
n oan ba any ~ultable anionla d~sp-r~ant or
omul~ , Soalum llvno-ulphonat~, calcium
llgnooulphonat~ and th~ ~odlum ~alt of n~phthalene
~ulphonlc Aold, an~ m'xtura~ ~h-r-o~, ar- oxa~pl~ of
~ulta~lo dl4p-r~ant~. The dl~porsant an~/or omul~lfler
10 l~ pr-f-r~bly u--d ln a total amount o~ 0 5~ to 10~
ba-~d on tho w-lght o~ ~ho r~ctlvo slzing ag-nt, the
80tual amount u~ed ln any partlcular compo~lt~on b~lng
~h~t whlch lmpAr~ a do-~r-d an~onla char~ to th~
dl~per~ lzlng agont.
I~ d-~lr-~, th- anionlo charg- ~-n~lty ln the
~lzlng compo-~tlon- o~ th- ln~ntt on can be oxtondod or
mod~lo~ u~ ng component~ such aJ anlon~c
polyaorylAmldo-, anlonlc ~tarah or colloldal ~lllca as
~mul~ h- ~lzl~g agont 1~ pr-f~rably pr---nt ln
20 the sl8in~ compo~ltlon ln ~n amount o~ 5~ to 20~ by
wolght, moro prof-rably 10~ to 15~ by woight, of th~
~lzlng compo~ltlon.
Th- ~lzlng compo~ltlon~ do~ d, may bo u~d ~n
aoniunetion wlth offootl~- quantltlo~ of m~torlal uch
25 ~ ~ot-ntlon ~ido, dry ot~ength agont- and ~ralnag~
ai~o, for ox~mple alum ~lah aot~ both a~ a dralnage
~ld and a- a ~o-vong-~ for anlonla collo~dal dobri~
~ Th l~ln~ composltion~ o~ tho l~ventlo~ can ~-
mado by ~ny con~enlent proceo~, but prafar~bly ar- madQ
30 by homogenl~i ng ~he r-activ- sl~lng agent ln llquld
for~ ~f n~c~e~a~y ~fter ho~tlng to melt th~ materlal)
with th~ dl~po~4~nt and/or emul-l~ler nd tho
approprlato amount oi' water to ~o~m an aqueou~
emul~lon. For oxampl~, th- dl~p-r~nt ~nd/or
3S ~mul~fl~r 1~ di~-olv~d in wat-r at 65 to ~0C to which
~; ' .
.. i ~, ~ .
~``` 2 ~ 7 5 -~
... ,, , ~
..
. ~
S
1~ added molten k~t~ne dlm-r prem-lted at 65 to 80C.
~h~ xe~ultant mlx i~ homogenlsoa at 2500 to 3500 psl to ~X
form a ~tAble emulslon.
~h- invention w~ 11 n~w be d~-crib~ ~urth-r by way i!
5 o~ ~x~r~pl~
EX~MPr E~ 1 to 4 and COMPARISON EXAMPT.~S 5 to 10 :~
In ~h- ~xp-rlmental work whloh 18 d-~crlbed
h~re~:~t~ ing test~ w~-~ carrled out on a 50s50
dry w ight mlxture o~ bl~ach~d NN ~n~ SW kraf t pulp
10 which had ~o-n ~imultaneouJly be~ten to a 40SP
eQ~polnt ~n an oxperlm-ntal--cal~ v~lley ~ator. Th~ x
~1Z1Qg t--t ~mployod wa~ a 16 hour~ 1 0~ w/v lact~
aclt od~wlck t~t
.~ .
15 Sa~ reDar~tlon wl~hQut r~c~r~ulatlon 1000cm3 of
1 0~ oon~l~t-ncy ~tock w~ plac~d ln a 1 500cm3 b~ak~r,
to whlch th- n-c--~ary amount~ of c~emlcal~ (~ae T~bl- ~
2) w~- uad~d oqu~ntl~lly at 30-~econd lntorv~l6 u~ing ~ -
p~tlo~ ~yrlng~ wlth an accuracy of ~0.1cm3, Th- 30-
20 ooond ~ nt-r~ l w~ ~xt-naed to 60 ~con~s after
~ddltlon o~ the Xymene S57, ~h- pN o~E tho mlxtur~ wa~ n
ad~u~t~d to 7 5 by additlon o~ oodlum blcarbonate
lmmedlat-ly after addlt~ on o~ th~ ~ymon~ 557 M~xlng
o~ tho co~ponent~ wao acco~pll~hed w~th a m-chanlcal ~,
~5 tlr~-r op~rat~t at 100 rp~ Sh~t- wore produoed ~rom
the ~ln~l mlxture ~ n a 3rltl~h st~ndasd h~nd~h~t ~ -
mould and pre~s~d ls~ ~ pn~umatlc~lly op~t~d Voith
handsheet pre~ for S minutes at a pre--ure o~ 50 p~i~
( 3 ~S k ~ he sh~-t- wore t~en drl-d by pa--lng th~m
30 ~our tl~eo around a photo~raph~c drum dy~r op~r~t-d at t
lOSC, givlng ~ re~id-nce ~ o o~ 3,3 mlnut~ ollowed ~
by S~0 m~nu~ ln a forc~d-draught o~ren ~t 1 05C t
Aftor coolls~g ~o~ at lea~t 10 minut~, th~ she~t~ were ~ -
rou~hly cut, lamln~t~d and fln~ly Ctlt to ~ flnal si~e t
35 o~ S 0 c~ x 12 5 cm
i~' '
~ ' '
20~49 1~ ; ~
Sam~l~ PreParation wlth reclrculat~on 3500cm3 of
2 79~ conol~tenoy stook was plAced ln a ~en-lltre pall
Both Kym-n- 557 ~nd AKO ~lz~ were thon add~d to thi5
S ~u~pen~lon Th- pH WA~ ad~t~d to 7 5 by addltl~n of
~odlum blc-rbonAt-. Next, ~u~lclent of thls
"thlok~tock" to cont~ln lOg o~ dry fibr~ wa~ dilut~d to
a tot~l Yolum~ o~ 10qOem3 Th~s r-~ulted ln a
"thinJtock" havlng a conslstency of 1 03~ Next, r :
lO alum, Acoo~tron~th B5 and Staklok 400 were added to the
th~n~took. ~hl~ ~hinn~d ~u~p~nslon wa~ dralned
throu~h ~ Mo~m~r con~l~t~ncy apparatu~. Th- retained r
solld wa~ dl~aard~ and tha ~iltrate w~ then u~-d to
dllute mor- o~ tho th~ ck~tock, ~o th~t ~urth-r ~ ;
15 ~tditlon~ o~ alum, Acco~tr~ngth 8S and Staklok 400 ~1 `
aould b~ mado Thlo cycl~ o~ dilutlon, dralnage and
addltlon o~ ~lum, Acco~tron~tb ~S and Staklok 400 wa~
rap~ated untll 1~ had b-en carrl~d out nlno tlmos
b~fore hand~heet manu~actur-, Ju~t prlor to ~ho-t
20 ~or~atlon~ the pH wa~ galn ad~u~t-d to 7 5 ~y
ad~ltlon o2 further ~odlum blc~rbonate ~horough
ml~lng o~ tho compon~nt~ wa~ ~ooompll~h~d m~nually
Sheet~ wero produced ~ d--crlbed ~bo~e
2g s~mDle T~t~g All ~a~pl~ w-ro w~lgh~d and th-n
pl~ced 2 Scm b-low t~o ~ur~ce o~ a 1,0~ w/v lactic
~cl~ ~oluelon ~t~r 16 hour~, tho JAmp~-s were
r~moved, dried ~nd row~ighed ~h- r~ult~ ar~ ~hown ~n
Table t
i
.
,,
~~~~'~~, , .. '.';.
-.
,,
~'' ' ''
~`` 2~497~ g
~AB~E 1 :-
Samplo Fluld P~ck-up
~xam~l- Di~D-r-ant Pre~sation _ ~a)
1 K-y~m~ S~1 S1 0.3860
2 K-ydim~ S~1 S2 0.4013 ~ . .
3 x.ya- m~ S~1 S3 0.4299
4 ~-ydlm- SP1 S1-~ 0.32 ~ .
Xoydlm~ D10 31 0.3612 ~ .
6 X~ydl~- D10 S2 0.40a8 ~ .
7 Roydlm- D10 S3 0.4330
a XoydLm~ D10 S1 -R 0 . 3 2
9 X ydl~o D125 S2 0.4102
Xaydlm~ D12S S3 0.4191
15 Exampl~ 5 to 10 ar- co~parlzon xa~pl~o omploying
c~tionlcally-~tablli--d AR~ ~lzin~ a~nt~. ~
, '
~ha cod-~ S1, S2, g3 and S1-R d~-cr~b~ th~ ~amp~e
prapar~lon t~chn~qu-~ u~od~
Xoydl~o SPl 19 a ~loper~ant contalnlng ~odlu~ ~
llgno~ulphonat~ and th~ sodium ~alt o~ naphthalone .~ :
~ulphonl¢ acld. It l~ avallablo ~ro~ Albrlght ~ W~lson c
~lmlt~d. l~-ydl~o ~10 and Xaydlmo Dl 25 ~r- cationioally
2S tablll~d AXD ~lzing a~onto oont~lning, on a dry
w-l~ht ba-l-, 10~ AXD ~h~ palmitlo-~t~rlc compound ~ ~ ~
m~n~loned abo~) and, r--poctlv~ly, 2.5~ and 1.25~ ~E ~ `
aationlc poly~-r. Xeydlm- D10 and ~y~lm~ D125 are
aloo ~vallable ~r3m Albr~g~t ~ on ~lmitad~
~"~ , ~;
, ~ '
,:
~' ~
. ~
'-'' ~:',.
TA3~E 2
Addl~ion ~eau~nce
S1 ~1) 8~01b/~ ~4.0 ~g/t) Xymen~ 557
~polyam~d~ am~ne epl~hlorohydrin, .
a~aila~le ~rom ~erculo~ 20wder Co.) :~
~2) 7.01bt~ ~3.5 kg/t~ AXD ~p~lmitlc-~tea~lc
dlm~r) .
t3~ 1,01b/T ~0.5 lcc/~) ~lum
~4) 4.01b/~ ~2.0 k~/t) Acooot~onyth 85 . :
1~ ~an anlo~lc dry ~treng~h agent .~
c~mpri~lng polyacrylamld~ dry
polym-r on dry ~ibrc)
(S) 10.0lb/~ (5.0 k~/t) Staklok 400
~o~tlonla corn ~tarcb, avallablo from
9tal~y Man~acturlng Co.)
S2 ~ .OlbJ~ ~4.0 kg/t) Xymen~ 557 : :~
(~) 7,01b/~ ~3.5 k~/t) AXD ~a~ abovo) ~ ::
~3~ 1.Olb/T ~0.5 ~g/t) alum ;
~4) 10.01b/~ ~5.~ k~/t) Sta~lok 400 . :-
tS) 4,01b/~ ~2.0 kg/t) ~aao~trongth 8~
. ;.
S3 ~ S1
~2~ 7.01b/~ (3.5 k~/~)AXD ~a~ ~bov-) and
10.101~/T ~5,Q kglt) Sta~lok 40~, :
promlxed -. ~.
~3) 1.01b/~ (0.5 kg/t) alum :.:
~4) 4.01b/T t2.0 kg/t) Accostronqth 85
,, . ,:
S1-R an S1 but with r~clrculatlon
In ~ac~ additlon ~equ~no~, the AXD w-~ ~dded tog~th~r~ ; .:
with t~o xoyd~me SPl tin ex~mpl~a 1 to ~) and as A
compon-ne o~ th~ K~ydlm~ D10 or D125 ~n cxa~plo~ 5 to
35 1~), an AXD-X~ydime SP1 ~mul~ion ha~lng boen o~med by
--` . 2~2~7~ : -
.
g ~ .
meltln~ the ~XD at 6S to 80C, dl~olving the molten
AKD in wster at 65 to 803C and ho~ogenlsing the mixture
wlth Reydlme SP1 at 2500 to 3000 p91~
S Example~ 1 to 4, when compared with Ex~mples 5 to 10,
~how fluld plck-up~ (odgewlck) w~th anlonlc agents
compar~bl- to or botter than thos~ o~ c~tlonlc agents
3xampl-~ 4 and 8 show Lh~L b~tter :~sult~ can be
atta~n~d with reclrculation wh~ch mo~t reallstlcally
10 ~i~ul~tes the paperma~ng proce~s
EXAMPL~S 11 to 15 and ~OM~ARI9ON EXAMP~ 16
Ed~wlok o~alu~tlon tests oon~l~tin~ of two parto
~ ormation oi' sh~-t~, and
~2) Co~tlng And lactlc aald t-zt~ ;'
wore ~a~rlod out on ~ urth-r ~zlng composltlons
~he re~ults aro cloarly lndicative o~ the ~act that
Anlonlc ~atlv~ ~lzing aompo~eLons porSorm w~ll in the
to~t~ and ar~ ~ultablo ~o~ UJ- ln ~lz~ng p~pors ~or
~0 th- liquld paoka~lng lnduotry,
Proc~d~r-
Stook u-e~ w~ 50/S0 h~rdwood/~oStwood bo~t~n to a
Schopp-r ~olqlar of 40.
~hemi~L ~ddlt~on~
2S ~hlckztock: 3.2~ A/R ~-t ~trongth ro~ln (Kymene 557)
0,35~ ~XD/Flbre ~lzlng oompo~ltion
ThlnJtoc~ 0,05~ Dry Alum/Fibre
2 kg/t Accostr~ngth 85
1~ Dry St~lok 400
30 The proc~ur~ wa~ follow~d for oaoh o~ flv~ ~izing
compo~ltlono ha~lng the follow$ng con~tltu~t~
Exampl~ 11 100g Ket-n~ Dimar ~palmitlc-~t-arlc)
1 25g Orotan ~ur~ctant)
4 5g W~nin t~urfaatant)
~5 aoog Wat~r I ~ ~
- ' ~' ,;
, . ~',;~ '.
2 ~ 7 ~ ~ :
,~,` . ::
...."
.:.,
13 : .
Ex~ple 12 1~0g ~eten~ Dl~or ~palmi~lo-st-~rlc)
1~25g Orotan :.
.Sg Wanin
l.~g ~ercol lS5 ~50~ ~olid Aniontc
Polyacryl~mld-)
800g Wator .
EX-~pl- 13 100g X~t~n~ Dlm-~ ~palmitlc-~t~ariC1
1.2S~ Orot~
4.5g Wanln
~6g BMA (cont~lns anionlc ~lllca) :.
~15~ ol~
133~ Water ~ ~ :
~x~pl~ 14 100g Xet~n~ Dl~or ~palmitic-~te~lc)
1.25g Orotan 7
lS ~.5~ W~nln
333g 1/2 BMA
166g W~ter , ~l :
Ex~mpl~ 15 100~ ~-tene ~im~r ~palmltic~4~aric)
1.25g orotAn :. .
4.5g Wanln ' ' ~ :
a.s~ ~ab 99~ ~x ~o~u~tt-) Anlonio Starcb ~ .
~25~ Wat~r
A~ter aomblnAtion oi' th~ ~bov~ matorial~, i'urth~r w~t~r
was add~d to ad~ust th~ eo~po~itlon~ to ~n AXD ~olld~
~5 oontont of 10~ by wolght.
....
Tho to~t~ aon~lotod of two part~: 1
, ~ .
Part 1t : ;
250 gsm sheets werla pro~uc~d on labo~atory sheet~
form~ng appa2~tu~ and the oon91~'cency of the tl~ln~tock
w~ 0.5~.
The ~b~ots wor~ drl~d a~ 10~0C for 8 mlnut~ then
oven ¢urQd fox 5 mlnut~s,
35 ~
..
:~i ' .,
7 ~ ~
.~
11 , ~
Pa~ 2
L~ctlc acla lmmer~lon teBt~ ~re c~rrled out on the ~
~hoet~. ~h- ~h-ets we~ oo~t~d wl~h t~po and cut to jj
12.5cm x 5cm otrlp~. Tho~o ~t~lp~ w~re w~ighed bo~or~
S lmm~r41On ln 2.Som o~ 1~ lactlo aald ~or 15 hours. Th~
strip- wero th-n r-w ~ghed ~nd t~o plckup c~lc~lated ln ~4
grAm~. ~h~ av~rage o~ 3 r~ult~ WA~ takon for eaah
~l~lng ~ompo~ltlon, ,¦
~ho edgowlo~ to~ts ga~o th- followlng results~ Jl;,
~xa~le Ed~ewiok (~) ~ Picku ,~
11 0.2~7 6.B
12 0.174 7.2 i~
1~ 0.316 12,7
14 0,317 t2,~ "'
0.185 7.6 ~
16 0.181 7,9
Examplo 16 i4 a oomparlson ex~mplo u~lng ~oydim- D10. ~
~he9e ro~ult~ o~-rall lndlcato th~t anlonlo AXD ~izing '!~
co~o~ltlon~ p-rform a- woll i~ not ~llgh~ly bettor
ao th~n compo~ltlon~ ln sltuationa wh-re hl~b lo~elJ of
c~tlonlclty ar- pro~ent. ~h~ co~po~ltlon~ aro '~
th~rofore ~ultable for u-- ln th~ liquid p~ck~glng t
indu~try. . i~
: .
25 EXANP~ES 17 to 19
A ~rl~- of anlonlo ~lzo compo~ltlon~ wore propA~ed and :.
to~t~d: t
Com~o~ltion 1 2 3
A~t tl~/Dl~-r~n~
Naphth~l~n~ Su~phorlla Aald 1,25 1.2S 1.25 -:
Na ~i~no~ulphos~at~ ~.5 4,5 4,5 l~
As~onla ~oly~oryl~.mld~ - l.a
Collol~l Silica - - 37.S
A~yl Xoton~ Pim~r 100 100 100 `Jt ,"~
35 li~lmlelc/Sto~ric
7 ~ ~
!
12 il
All amounto ars ~xpressed a~ dry grams of ~aterial. 3
'11 ':
~mulsion Manu~actu~e Proceduro
~n ~ach c~- th~ proc~- water wa~ acld~lod prlor to
S th~ addltion o~ dl~po~ants. Tho ~xturo wa~ ~ated to
70C bo~oro add~ion ~o a laboratory homogenlzer wblch
wa~ ~roh-at-d to the 9~e tempe~atur~. Homogonizatlon
pr-~-ur~ wa~ ad~u3te~ to 350Q polg t24 M Pa) ~ideally
2500 to 5000 p~lg (17 to 34 M Pa)). Molten alkyl
10 k~ton- dl~-r wax was added at ~0C and allowed three
theor~tlcal pas~o~ plu~ one to dlocharq-. Upon
dl~c~arg~, th~ product wa~ pa~d through a 200 me~h '~
~tlt~r and the t~mperatur- rapldly reduced to below
2~C. . . .
5 r~boratorY P~ocduro~ "
a~ ~tock Prop~,~atlon ~ -
All wo~k WA8 ~o~or~d on a SO:S0 mlxture of q -
hardwood and ~o~twood bo~ten ~ n a Valley Beater to .;
~OOSR ~300 CSF) .
20 b) Ch-mlc~l Addltlvo~
Cb~mlcal addltlon~ wor- mad- u-ing ~yring ~ havln~ j~
An acouraay o~ ~ 0 1 cm3, All chomlcal addltlv~
oxcop~ praoipltatod calclum carbonato w-ro dlluted ,
pr~or to u~ for aoouraoy o~ ~ddlt~on. ~'
~5 Tl~c proolp~t~tod o~lclum carbonate used ~or thls
woxk w~ ~ oommoro~lly ~v~ grado Alb~car HO t ~:
mado at 20~ sollds wlth no dlsper~ant ~dded.
Partlclo ~lze avQrag~d 2.7 mlcron- wlth a Zota
pot-ntlal o~ ~5 mv
30 c) Sl~ -t~
~h~ ~z~ t~t ~mploy~d ~n thls work was a 2-mlnut~
Cob~ t--t und-r ~t~nd~r~
35 ---~~'~~~ ,. , ~
.. .
.4;g~ I
R ~ult~
Ch-mio~l Ad~itlon- - lb~/~on dry b~ls on ~lbre
~ x~ Z~n. ~b Si2ing g/m2
ck~x~ tlon 0~ 0~ Nhtur~l
Eu~le S~xh Flll-r S~ze/~p A1~ r Cw~d CNred
17 lO.O 300 3.0~1 ) a.s 4040 q1
18 lO.O 3~0 3,~(2) 0~5 3C36 37
l9 10.0 300 3.0(3) 0.; 4441 38
1 0 , ,;, '
St~roh-~t~lok 400 CatLon~c Pota~o St~roh oomm~rcially.
available ~rom ~taley StArch Products ~td. ~ :
r ~ olpltated calclum oarbonat~ - 8e~ abov~
81S- - Compo~ltlon 1, 2 or 3 ~ above.
1~ Retentlon Ald--Hydraid ~RP-95~. Cattonic
polyacryla~lde aommorcl~lly a~allabl- ~om Calgon ~td.
. ~ .:., ... ~:
M~cblne T~l~l Data
Anlonlc ~lz- compo~l~lon (l) o~ Exampl- 11, wa- te~ted : .. ~.
20 ~g-ln-t a co~pctltl~, oa~lonlcally ~tab~l~zed ~Z. : ~.
A~uapal C348 ~uppll-~ com~orc~ally by ~orcul~ Powd~r
Co. 8lsing w~ ~-a~urod to A ~ndard 1-~ln. Cobb :
t-~t. .
.: ,: .
2S Maahln~ Furnl~h on 60q/m~ Wovo ~udc
Fl~rouo - Cb-mlthormal mochanloal pulp SO~ .
Whl~ Offcut~ 17
hlt~ Lot~r Wa~t~ 17~ l .
~hlt~ N~t~ Ro~oot~ 8
o~n Brok- 8
Ch~lo~l~
R~ontlon Ald - Cationlc Polya~ryla~ Nal~loc 4662
oom~ol-lly avallablo ~rom Naloo ~td.
Flll-r~ - Calclum carbonat~ add~tlon to A ~pocl~i~d
35 Jhoot a~b o~ 23~ w,o,f,
r ~=
~ } ~ S~
~2~
~3
1 4 : ~3
Size
A~itio~ Retention Sizing/srln C~
~ as Aci~ on Oven Cur~d
Slze ~ype Rece~ed gJtcnne ' ~; Sheet Ash 3 min at 105C
A~el 3.7 ~57 2~.4 17.7
5 C34B ~.
~cn~ 1,6 257 22.g 16.9
9~
~.''
The8e r-~ult~ aro avet~a~ed ovor a poxio~. o~ 5 hours d
o~ oontlnuou~ machino oporation. ~ .
.~
~''
,
j
,~
~!
:1; ' . :
