Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
. - 2~2~3
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c3339c:
Enzyme-Containing Detergent Compositions and their use
This invention relates to detergent compositions, and to
their use, and in particular to compositions containing ;~
plural enzymes, and to their use. s
Prior Art~
Detergent compositions containing severally protease, ;~
~ lipase, amylase, cellulase, and other enzymes are known,
:~: and certain combinations of enzymes in detergents are also
: ~ 25 known.
In particular, the use of proteolytic enzymes in both
solid and liqu~d detergent compositions is well known;
although these proteolytic enzymes can be of various types
;~ and sources, the proteolytic enzymes commonly used are
those produced by Bacillus strains. Although with such
~ proteolytic enzymes satisfactory results as regards
`~ performance can be achieved, it is frequently necessary to
:include enzyme-stabilizing systems in the case of liquid
detergent compositions to provide a satisfactory enzyme
~ 2~2~29~
stability during storage of the enzymatic liquid detergent
composition.
We believe that representative examples of relevant prior
art concerning proteases are as follows.
Serine proteases from Bacillus subtilis are very widely
known and used in detergent compositions. They are
available for example under Trade Marks Savinase,
o Esperase, Maxatase, Alcalase, etc.
The prior art also includes W0 88/03946 (Novo), which
discloses, as detergent additives, combinations of
Bacillus proteases with alkaline fungal or actinomycete
proteases, e.g. those proteases obtainable from the génera
Paecilomyces, Fusarium, and Nocardiopsis. The disclosure
extends to the use of the detergent additive as a liquid,
with a known enzyme stabiliser such as propylene glycol,
` for addition to a liquid detergent.
USP 3 707 504 (Procter & Gamble) discloses detergents for
laundry and dishwashing, comprising protease from
Thermoactinomyces vulgaris ATCC 15734, which are
formulated as solid or liquid detergent compositions. This
document mentions surprising stability of protease from
Thermoactinomyces vulgaris in highly-alkaline detergent ,
systems.
As to lipases, GB 1 372 034 (Unilever) for example
discloses lipase from Pseudomonas in specific nonionic-
containing detergent compositions for soaking fabrics.
~ .
~ USP 3 950 277 (Procter & Gamble) also describes fabric-
- 35 soaking compositions: the described compositions comprise
;; lipase and lipase activators and a number of lipases from
` 2~2~2~3
- 3 -
microorganism and other sources are mentioned: those
particularly mentioned as preferred are Amano CE, Amano M-
AP, Takeda 1969-4-9, and Meito MY-30 lipases, but no
indications are given of the form in which the lipase is
s to be prepared or used.
UsP 4 011 169/NL 74 08763 (Procter & Gamble) describes the
use of a similar range of enzymes in the preparation of
additives for washing agents (detergent compositions).
Examples of known lipase-containing detergent compositions
are provided by EP 0 205 208 and 0 206 390 (Unilever),
which relate to lipases related to those from Ps.
fluorescens, P gladioli and Chromobacter in detergent
compositions.
EP 0 214 761 (Novo) and EP 0 258 068 (Novo), each give
detailed description of lipases from certain
microorganisms, and also give certain uses in detergent ~ ~
-20 additives and detergent compositions for the enzymes ~ -
; described. EP 0 214 761 gives detailed description of
lipases derived from organisms of the species Pseudomonas
cepacia, and certain uses therefor. EP 0 258 068 gives
detailed description of lipases derived ~rom organisms of
t~e genus Thermomyces/Humicola, and certain USQS therefor.
,,-~ , .
Also believed to be in use in certain areas is a lipase-
~containing granular de,tergent composition containing about
37% detergent actives including 5% nonionic detergent and
-~ the remainder substantially anionic detergent, about 16%
~:
zeolite, about 60 LU/g lipase, plus protease and other
normal detergent additives.
`~ 35 Further examples of known lipase-containing detergent
~ compositions are provided by JA 63-078000 (1988) (Lion
, . . .
.. ~ ,- . ~.
f` 2~2~
, .
- 4 - .
:
Corp/K Mukoyama et al) which discloses properties and uses
of a Pseudomonas lipase, including use in a lipase-
containing system based on 10-40 % surfactant (e.g. sodium
C14-C18 alpha-olefin sulphonate), as well as other
conventional detergent ingredients.
Also in the prior art is Research Disclosure 29056 of June
1988 which discloses lipase in connexion with a large
number of descriptions of detergent compositions, many of
which descriptions also men-tion other enzymes than ~ ;
lipases.
Use of amylase in conjunction with protease is discIosed
in for example GB 2 131 826 (Colgate-Palmolive) and
specifications cited therein, especially in GB 1 576 946
(Procter & Gamble). Amylase enzyme in detergent
compositions is also part of the subject of EP 0 118 933 ; ~ -
(Procter & Gamble) and GB 1 247 292 (Novo).
It is known to stabilise enzymes when these are formulated
into liquid detergent compositions: representative ~ ~
; examples of prîor art as to enzyme stabilisation in liquid ~ -
detergents are as follows.
~;"~
2s JP 47-35192 describes the use of glycerol or sorbitol with
borax under certain conditions and proportions, to
stabilise enzyme preparations including liquid washing
materials. ~ , ! ` . ! ' ' ~ ' ~
DE 27 28 211 (Unilever) describes the use of polyols of 2
to 6 hydroxy groups together with boric acid or borate in
ratios less than 1, particularly in unbuilt detergents.
~; ~5 GB 2 079 305 (Unilever) describes the use of polyols
together with boric acid and/or borate and polyacrylate
.
5 -
polymers as stabilising agents, while EP 0 08Q 223
(Unilever) describes the combined use of boric acid or
borate and polyol or polyamino compounds with reducing
salts, and EP O 126 505 (Unilever) describes the use of
boric acid or borate and reducing salts, together with
succinic or other dicarboxylic acids. Other prior art
deals with the use of stabilisers such as calcium
formate/acetate.
The Present Invention:
According to the present invention we have found that
detergent compositions containing certain mixtures of
S enzymes can give surprisingly good stain-removal effects.
Conmparison with earlier compositions shows that some
stains can be removed more effectively, others can be
effectively removed with lower total amounts of enzyme
than with earlier formulations.
According to the present invention there is provided a
detergent composition containing detergent surfactant,
preferably anionic and/or nonionic, preferably builder,
and a combination of at least two and preferably three
2s enzymes selected from protease, lipase, amylase, and
cellulase, preferably in proportions more particularly
exemplified below.
In particular, the invention provides for example a
~ detergent composition containing detergent surfactant,
preferably anionic and/or nonionic surfactant, preferably
builder, and enzymes including protease and amylase,
characterised in that the composition contains a
combination of three enzymes comprising protease, amylase
and a third enzyme selected from lipase and cellulase.
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The ratio between the amount of the amylase and lipase
(and/or cellulase) taken together, and the protease is
preferably that which is expressed by a ratio in the range
0.3 -540 ( (KNU~KLU*) : KNPU).
KNPU denotes kilo Novo protease units; KNU are kilo Novo
units used for measuring amylase activity; KLU are
standard kilo units defined by Novo for measuring lipase
activity; CEYU are standard units for measuring cellulase
o activity. RLU* denotes a composite measure for the
purposes herein, in which units of lipase (in KLU) are
aggregated with units of cellulase, counted as if l KLU
were constituted by 10 CEVU for this purpose only.
lS Preferably the ratio between the amount of the amylase and
lipase (and/or cellulase) taken together, and the
protease, is in the range 1-100, e.g. 1-30 ( (KNU+KLU*) : -~
KNPU).
Preferably the relation of amylase to lipase (and/or
cellulase) is expressed by a ratio in the range 0.02 - 240
(KNU:KLU*), e.g. a ratio is in the ranqe 0.1-100, e.g. 1-
10 (KNU:~CLU*) .
~:~ 25 Several useful embodiments of the invention e.g. as
described below contain protease, amylase and lipase.
Cellulase can be added to such mixtures if desired.
The enzymes can usefully be added in the form of granular
compositions of enzyme with carrier material.
' ` .:
It is within the scope of the invention to add plural ~-
enzyme preparations in the formulation of the detergent
compositions, each of which can be in the form of a
composition of a respective enzyme with e.g. granular or
. ~2~
.
slurrying material, or to add preparations in which the
enzymes are present in admixture. At present, for
convenience, we usually choose to add plural enzyme
preparations each containing an enzyme with carrier
s material.
Protease can for example be used in an amount in the range
about 0.0002 to about 0.05 Anson units per gram of the
detergent composition. Often in practice the quantity of
protease added is in the range 0.05-5%, (e.g. 0.2-4%,
corresponding in the case of Savinase (TM) to 1-24
KNPU/lOOg).
The protease can be chosen from among a wide range of
enzymes, e.g. those available under the Trade Marks
Savinase, Esperase, Maxatase, Alcalase, or other
subtilisin proteases obtained from Gram-positive bacteria
or fungi, e.g. subtilisins from Bacillus strains, namely,
subtilisin 168, subtilisin BPN', subtilisin Carlsberg,
subtilisin DY, subtilisin amylosacchariticus, and
mesentericopeptidase (Kurihara et al., 1972, J.Biol.Chem.
247:5629-5631; Stahl and Ferrari, 1984, J.Bacteriol.
159:811-819, Jacobs et al., 1985, Nucl.Acids Res. 13:8913-
8926; Nedkov et al., 1985, Biol.Chem. Hoppe-Seyler
2S 366:421-430, Svendsen et al., 1986, FEBS Lett 196:228-
232), and two fungal subtilisins, subtilisin thermitase
~` from Thermoactinymyces vulgaris (Meloun et al., 1985, FEBS
Lett.~ 1983;195-200) and proteinase K from Tritirachium
album (Jany and Mayer, 1985, Biol.Chem. Hoppe-Seyler -
366:584-492).
Included within the scope of the invention is the use of ~-
modified proteases such as those described in EP 0 130 756
~Genentech), USP 4 760 025 (Genencor), EP 0 214 435 ;~-
' ~ ~
- 2~2~2~3
- 8 - ;
(Henkel), WO 87/04461 (Amgen), WO 87/05050 (Genex), EP O
303 761 (Genentech), and EP O 260 lOS (Genencor).
Amylase can for example be used in an amount in the range
about 1 to about 100 MU (maltose units) per gram of
detergent composition, (or 0.014-1.4, e.g. 0.07-0.7, KNU/g
(Novo units)), or for example 0.05-5%, (e.g. 0.1-4%, ~
corresponding in the case of Thermamyl (TM) to 6-240 ~-
KNU/lOOg). ~
A preferred amylase for use in the invention is Thermamyl
(from Novo).
The amount of lipase can be chosen within wide limits, for
S example 50 to 30,000 LU/g of granular detergent
composition, e.g. often at least 100 LU/g, very usefully
at least 500 LU/g, sometimes preferably above 1000, above
2000 LUlg or above 4000 LU/g or more, thus very often
within the range 50-4000 LU/g and possibly within the
range 200-1000 LU/g.
, .
Often the amount of lipase used is in the range 0.005-5%, ;
(e.g. 0.01-3%, corresponding in the case of Lipolase (TM)
to 1-300 KLU/lOOg).
2 S
The lipolytic enzyme can be chosen from among a wide range
o~ lipases: in particular the lipases described in for
example the following patent specifications, EP O 214 761
(Novo), EP O 258 068 (Novo) and especially lipases showing ~ -
immunological cross-reactivity with antisera raised
against lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus ATCC 22070, EP
0 205 208 (Unilever) and EP O 206 390 ~Unilever), and ~ - -
especially lipases showing immunological cross-reactivity
~; 35 with antisera raised against lipase from Chromobacter
~ viscosum var lipolyticum NRRL B-3673, or against lipase
,~:
: ~ .
--;` 2~2~
from Alcaligenes PL-679, ATCC 31371 and FERM-P 3783, also
the lipases described in specifications WO 87/00859 (Gist-
Brocades) and EP O 204 284 (Sapporo Breweries). Suitable
in particular are for example the following commercially
available lipase preparations: Novo Lipolase, Amano
lipases CE, P, B, AP, M-AP, AML, and CES, and Meito
lipases MY-30, OF, and PL, also esterase MM, Lipozym,
SP225, SP285, Saiken lipase, Enzeco lipase, Toyo Jozo
lipase and Diosynth lipase (Trade Marks).
Cellulase can for example be used in an amount in the
range about 0.3 to about 35 CEVU units per gram (30-3500
CEVU/lOOg) of the detergent composition.
Whenever desired, the enzymes used may be those obtained
by genetic engineering on the basis of mutant producer
organisms.
Genetic engineering of the enzymes can be achieved by
extraction of an appropriate lipase gene, e.g. the gene ~ ;
~; for lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus or from a mutant
t~ereof, and introduction and expression of the qene or
derivative thereof in a suitable producer organism such as
an Aspergillus. The techniques described in WO 88/02775
2s (Novo), EP O 243 338 (Labofina) and EP O 268 452
~` (Genencor) may be applied and adapted.
It i8 preferable to choose the enzymes using any one or
more of the following ranges and ratios~
For the range of the protease, e.g. about 1 - 24
~ KNPU/lOOgram detergent composition (e.g. on basis of solid
;~ or liquid composition or of dry components of liquid
` ~ ~5 composition).
,"~ ,, .
.
-` 2~2~2~
-- 10 --
For the relation between the amount of the amylase and
lipase taken together, and the protease, e.g. a ratio of
0.3 - 540 (KNU + KLU : KNPU).
For the relation of amylase to lipase, e.g. 0.02 - 240
(KNU:KLU).
More-preferred ranges are~
Protease: e.g. 3-6 (XNPU/lOOg);
Ratio of amylase + lipase to protease of 1-100, e.g. 1-
30 (KNU+KLU : KNPU);
Ratio of amylase to lipase of 0.1- 100, e.g. 1 - 10
(KNU:KLU).
Where cellulase is present instead of lipase, these ~ -
formulae can be applied and adapted reckoning 10 CEVU unit
; as equivalent to 1 KLU.
For several practical embodiments, it has been found
convenient to use up to about 1.9% Savinase, (11.4
KNPU/lOOg); up to about 1.8% Thermamyl (108 KNU/lOOg);
and up to about 1.1~ Lipolase (110 KLU/lOOg).
~ 25
.~ Detergent compositions according to the invention may
furthermore include the following usual detergent ~-
`~ ingredients in th~ usual amounts. They may be built or
unbuilt, and may be of the zero-P type (i.e. not
containing any phosphorus-containing builders). Thus the ~ `
composition may contain from 1-45%, e.g. 5-30% by weight
of one or more organic and/or inorganic builders. Typical
examples of such builders include alkali metal ortho,
s pyro, and tripolyphosphates, alkali metal carbonates,
` either alone or in admixture with calcite, alkali metal
''` ` ' ~ '
/- 2~2g2~
citrates, alkali metal nitrilo-triacetates, carboxy-
methyloxysuccinates, zeolites, polyacetal-carboxylates and
so on.
s Furthermore, they may contain e.g. from 1-35% of a
bleaching agent or a bleach precursor or a system
comprising bleaching agent and/or precursor with activator
therefor. Further optional ingredients are lather
boosters, foam depressors, anticorrosion agents, soil-
o suspending agents, sequestering agents, anti-soil
redeposition agents, perfumes, dyes, stabilising agents
for the enzymes and so on. The enzymes other than lipase
that may be present include pxotease, amylase, oxidase and
cellulase.
'~
The compositions may be formulated in any desired way,
e.g. as powders, bars, pastes, liquids, including aqueous
and nonaqueous liguids (in many cases incorporating
enzyme-stabilising materials), according to per-se known
formulations thereof with the addition of enzymes in the
types and amounts described herein.
:,
- The compositions can be used for the washing of textile ~ ~` materials, especially but without limitation cotton and
polyester-based textiles and mixtures thereof. Especially
suitable are for example washing procesYes carried out at ~-
temperatures of about 60-65 deg C or lower, e.g. about 30-
35 deg~C or lower.
The invention is further illustrated non-limitatively by
. .
the following examples.
' '' '
;~ Example 1 & 2
~ ~ 35
'
~: . ' '
2~2~2~3 - -
- 12 -
In each case a detergent powder composition is formulated
as follows:
Zeolite 33%,
s Sokalan CP5 3.6%,
Nonionic 3E0 3.3%,
Nonionic 7E0 8.0%,
Sodium linear alkylbenzenesulphonate 7.4~,
Fatty acid l.o~,
o Sodium sulphate 0.3~,
Sodium perborats monohydrate 14.4%,
Tetaethylethylenediamine 5.3%,
Antifoam 1.5%,
Sodium carbonate 7.8%,
lS Sodium carboxymethylcellulose 1%, ~
Perfume, fluorescer, minors and water to 100%. ~`
The enzymes mentioned above are added (Example 1) in the
:~ quantities ('mixture (a)')~
: Savinase 6T: 0.64% (3.8 KNPU/lOOg);
: Thermamyl 60T: 0.77% (46.2 KNU/lOOg);
Lipolase lOOT: 0.15% (15 KLU/lOOg).
2s The ratio A+L/P is 16.1. The ratio A/L is 2.9.
,~ ' '
The quantities of enzymes added for Example 2 are
('mixture (b)'.)~-, f .
~ savinase 6T: 0.64% (3.8 KNPU/lOOg);
Thermamyl 60T: 0.23% (13.8 KNU/lOOg);
Lipolase lOOT: 0.25% (25 KLU/lOOg). ;
. .
~ ~5 The ratio A+L/P is 6.6. The ratio A/L is 0.55.
'
:
2 ~U 2 0 h O ?~
-- 13 --
These detergent formulations were found to perform well
with a combination of good washing results with economy in
total use of enzyme.
Further examples of the invention can be formulated as
follows:
Example 3:
o A detergent powder according to an embodiment of the ~ ~`
invention containing phosphate builder is formulated to
contain: total active detergent about 16%, ani~nic
detergent about 9%, nonionic detergent about 6%,
phosphate-containing builder about 20~, acrylic or
S equivalent polymer about 3. 5%, perborate or peracid bleach
precursor about 6-18%, amino-containing bleach activator
about 2%, silicate or other structurant a~out 3.5%,
protease enzyme about 8 glycine units/mg, with alkali to ~-
;~ adjust to desired pH in use, and neutral inorganic salt,
and enzymes. - -~
The anionic detergent is a mixture of sodium
dodecylbenzene sulphonate 6% and primary alkyl sulphate
~;~ 3%. The nonionic detergent is an ethoxylate of an approx.
2s C13-C15 primary alcohol with 7 ethoxylate residues per
mole. The phosphate builder is sodium tripolyphosphate.
The polymer is polyacrylic acid. The perborate or peracid
bleach precursor is so'dium tetraborate tetrahydrate or
monohydrate. The activator is tetraacetylethylenediamine.
~; The structurant is sodium silicate. The neutral inorganic
salt is sodium sulphate. Plural enzymes are included as
described above (e.g. mixture (a) or (b)).
~ ~S .,
Example 4:
: :
2~2&~3
- 14 -
A detergent powder according to an embodiment of the
invention containing zeolite builder is formulated to
contain: total active detergent about 16%, anionic
detergent about 9%, nonionic detergent about 6%, zeolite-
containing builder about 20~, acrylic or equivalent
polymer about 3.5%, perborate or peracid bleach precursor
about 6-18%, amino-containing bleach activator about 2%,
silicate or other structurant about 3.5%, protease enzyme
about 8 glycine units/mg, with alkali to adjust to desired -~
o pH in use, and neutral inorganic salt, and enzymes.
The anionic detergent is a mixture of sodium
dodecylbenzene sulphonate 6% and primary alkyl sulphate
3%. The nonionic detergent is an ethoxylate of an approx.
; l5 C13-C15 primary alcohol with 7 ethoxylate residues per
mole. The zeolite builder is type A zeolite. The polymer
is polyacrylic acid. The perborate bleach precursor is
sodiu~ tetraborate tetrahydrate or monohydrate. The -
activator is tetraacetyl-ethylenediamine. The structurant
0 is sodium silicate. The neutral inorganic salt is sodium
sulphate. Plu~al enzymes are included as described above
(e.g. mixture (a) or (b)).
, :
; 2s Example 5:
An aqueous detergent liquid according to an embodiment of
the invention is formulated to contain: Dodecylbenzene-
sulphonic acid 16%, C12-Cl5 linear alcohol condensed with
7 mol/mol ethylene oxide 7%, monoethanolamine 2%, citric
acid 6.5%, sodium xylenesulphonate 6%, sodium hydroxide
about 4.1%, protease 0.5%, minors and water to 100%. The
pH is adjusted to a value between 9 and 10. Plural
~s enzymes are included as described above (e.g. mixture (a)
or (b)).
:
:. .
2~2~2~
- 15 -
Example 6:
-
A nonaqueous detergent liquid according to an embodiment
of the invention is formulated using 38.5~ C13-C15 linear
primary alcohol alkoxylated with 4.9 mol/mol ethylene
oxide and 2.7 mol/mol propylene oxide, 5% triacetin, 30%
sodium triphosphate, 4~ soda ash, 15.5% sodium perborate
monohydrate containing a minor proportion of oxoborate, 4% ~ ~;
TAED, 0. 25% EDTA of which 0.1% as phosphonic acid, Aerosil
o 0.6~, SCMC 1%, and 0.6% protease. The pH is adjusted to a
value between 9 and 10, e.g. about 9.8. Plural enzymes
are included as described above (e.g. mixture ~a) or (b)).
S Example 7:
A detergent powder according to an embodiment of the
~ invention is formulated in the form of a granulate having
- a bulk density of at least 600 g/l, containing about 20%
by weight surfactant of which about 10% is sodium ~-
dodecylbenzene sulphonate, and the remainder is a mixture
of Synperonic A7 and Synperonic A3 (about 5.5% to 4.5%),
and zero neutral inorganic salt (e.g. sodium sulphate),
plus phosphate builder about 33%, sodium perborate
2s tetrahydrate about 16%, TAED activator about 4.5%, sodium
silicate about 6%, and minors including sodium carbonate
about 2%, and moisture content about 10%. Plural enzymes
are included as described above (e.g. mixture (a) or!(b))~.
Example 8:
~ .
A detergent powder according to an embodiment of the
invention is formulated in the form of a granulate having
a bulk density of at least 600 g/l, containing about 20%
"' 202~2ff~
by weight surfactant of which about 9% is sodium
dodecylbenzene sulphonate, and the remainder is a mixture :~
of Synperonic A7 and Synperonic A3 (respectively about 5%
& 6%), and zero neutral inorganic salt fff'e.g. sodium .
sulphate), plus zeolite builder about 30%, sodium
perborate tetrahydrate about 14%, TAED activator about
3.6~, and minors including sodium carbonate about 9%,
Dequest 2047 (TM) about 0.7%, and moisture content about ~ -
10%. Plural enzymfes are included as described above (e.g.
o mixture (a) or (b)). ~ ,
Example 9: :
~:
lS A detergent powder according to an embodiment of the
~ invention is formulated to contain: ;~
: Dodecylbenzenesulphonic acid 6%, C12-C15 linear alcohol
condensed with 7 mol/mol ethylene oxide 5%, fatty acid
soap 3%, Sokolan CP5 polymer (TM) 3%, zeolite A 22%, :. :
~: 20 sodium carbonate 10%, sodium sulphate 17%, clay particles .
8%, sodium perborate tetrahydrate 13%, tetraacetyl-
: ethylenediamine 2%, protease 0.5%, minors and water to ::
100%. The pH is adjusted to a value between 9 and 10.
~i~ Plural enzymes are included as described above (e.g.
2s mixture (a) or (b)).
.
~Example 10: , , f ` f
A detergent (soap) bar according to an embodiment of the
invention is formulated as follows: soap based on pan-
. saponified 82% tallow, 18% coconut oil, neutralised with
0.15% orthophosphoric acid, mixed with protease (about 8
~:~ 3s GU/mg of the bar composition) and mixed with sodium
. formate 2%, borax 2%, propylene glycol 2% and sodium
- 2~2~3
- 17 ~
, ~:~' '.'''
sulphate 1%, is then plodded on a soap production line.
Plural enzymes are included as described above (e.g.
mixture (a) or (b)).
~ ::
s In further non-limitative Examples of the invention, the
indicated quantities of lipase as given in Examples 1-10
(mixtures (a) and (b)) can be replaced by cellulase at the
rate of 10 CEVU per KLU activity. - ~;~
~-
o In further embodiments of the invention, structured li~uid
detergents can for example contain, in addition to plural
enzymes as described herein, 2-15% nonionic surfactant, 5-
40% total surfactant, comprising nonionic and optionally
anionic surfactant, 5-35% phosphate-containing or non-
phosphate-containing builder, O.2-0.8% polymeric
thickener, e.g. cross-linked acrylic polymer with m.w.
over 10^6, at least 10% sodium silicate, e.g. as neutral
waterglass, alkali (e.g. potassium-containing alkali) to
adjust to desired pH, preferably in the range 9-10 or
20 upwards, e.g. above pH ll, with a ratio sodium cation:
silicate anion (as free silica) (by weight) less than
0.7:1, and viscosity of 0.3-30 Pa.s (at 20 deg. C and 20
reciprocal secs).
,~,
For example such detergents can contain about 5% nonionic
surfactant C13-15 alcohol alkoxylated with about 5 EO
groups per mole and with about 2.7 PO groups per mole, 15-
23% neutral waterglass,with 3.5 weight ratio between!
silica and sodium oxide, 13-19% KOH, 8-23% STPP, 0-11%
sodium carbonate, 0.5% Carbopol 941 (TM).
.
,
The present invention is susceptible of modifications and ~ ~
variations, and the present disclosure extends to the use
of all combinations and subcombinations of the features
~ .
2 ~ 9~
- 18 -
mentioned and described herein, optionally in combination
with each of the features of the above-cited published
patent specifications, each of which is specifically
incorporated by reference herein.
'' 10
~ ' '"
- 20 -` . ~
: ::
;, , ,
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