Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM
Cross-Reference to Related Patents
This application is a continuation-in-part of pending United States
Patent No. 4,916,539, entitled "Communications System Having Receivers
Which Can Be Addressed in Selected Classes," and United States Patent No.
4,725,886, entitled "Communications System Having an Addressable
Receiver".
Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a communications system for transmission of
audio, video, data, and control signals to addressable remote receiving
locations for retransmission under the command of the control signals.
Background of the Invention
Transmission of audio and video signals to local receiving stations for
immediate use, rebroadcast, or recordation for later broadcast is well-
established practice, particularly in connection with distribution of televisionprogramming by various television networks. Use of data to generate
characters which
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are displayed on a video screen over a single color background or
another video signal backgroUnd is also established practice.
However, expansion in the availability of data of both
general and specific interest to various groups of data consumers
and need for a system capable of efficiently transmitting such
data to specific remote locations and to control the further
broadcast, display, or transmission of such data at those
locations have resulted in the need for audio, video, and data
transmission systems with associated control capabilities not
previously available.
United States Patent No. 4,725,886, related to the
present application as noted above, discloses and claims
communications systems utilizing a novel hardware and software
configuration simultaneously to transmit conventional video and
audio program material together with data and control commands
within the constraints of conventional television signal
specifications to remote signal processors or receivers within
the system. The remote signal processors or receivers receive
the entire transmission and process it in a predetermined manner
such that the data and the conventional video and audio signals
may be utilized at the remote receivers, under network control,
particularly for broadcast on local cable television systems.
These systems transmit, typically utilizing a satellite
transponder, a first conventional video and audio television
signal together with a digital data stream transmitted in the
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vertical blanking interval of the first video signal, or a
subcarrier frequency or as otherwise appropriate. The data
stream comprises digital control, address, and text data. A
local unit may process and retransmit the first video (and audio)
signal and, utilizing a character generator, store the digital
text data and process it into a second ("satellite" text) video
signal containing text for retransmission. In addition, the unit
may receive and retransmit a third video (and audio) signal from
a local source such as a video recorder, so that local
commercials or other material may be displayed, and it provides a
synchronization signal which may be input to the local source to
synchronize signals from it with other video signals processed or
generated by the unit. So that local cable operators may also be
able to compose and display textual data, the unit may also
receive digital data from a keyboard. This dat~a, as well as data
from local weather sensors, is processed by the unit into a
fourth video signal containing text. On command from network
control, the unit may select for output the first satellite video
(and audio) signal, the third local video (and audio) signal, or
a solid color background video signal, and may combine with any
of these signals the second (satellite) and/or fourth local
textual video signals.
The digital control and address data in the data stream
of the first video signal control the operating states, or modes,
of such units and determine the video, audio, and other outputs
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of a particular unit. Control data sent in the "Output Mode
Control Word" ("OMCW") of the data stream determines, among other
things, which video signals or combinations thereof will be
presented and which audio signals will be presented, by
controlling whether satellite video, local video, or character
generator input will be processed and sent by the unit.
The address words of the data stream and the control
words following them allow each such unit or a group of units to
accept, store, and process particular text data and to display
this text in a particular format. Thus, different digital text
data may be stored by different units in groups of units for
simultaneous presentation in response to the OMCW control data-
which controls timing of such presentation. Groups may be
organized into higher level groups, so that these systems allow
simultaneous control of units in a hierarchy of groups.
Units disclosed in United States Patent No. 4,725,886
may be utilized for a network of local affiliates receiving
transmissions from a single source dedicated to television
programming related to weather information and advertising,
financial data, sports, or other programming. Accordingly, the
hierarchy of addressability utilized in embodiments disclosed in
that document contemplates geographic organization of local units
consistent with weather patterns. That document emphasizes,
however, that the invention may also be adapted for transmission
of entirely different programming and data for other types of
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commercial broadcasting and for non-commercial communications, including
teletext-only communications, and aspects of the invention may be adapted to
other uses such as various remote control networks.
A plurality of such units can be organized and addressed
hierarchically for purposes of receiving and processing satellite video and
teletext data according to a hierarchical address structure of four sub-fields:
Service, Zone, County, and Unit. The address of a unit is set by positioning
switches in the unit. The unit compares or matches sub-fields in addresses of
received data one sub-field at a time to determine whether messages are
addressed to it.
It has recently become useful, however, to arrange and control classes
of units not necessarily according to geographical location or a hierarchical
structure, but according to other criteria such as, for instance, a certain market
such as a metropolitan area comprising portions of several counties or zones.
Advertisers appreciate this capability as well as viewers who wish to receive
the same information as others in their area without discrimination according
to geographic boundaries or other hierarchical structures. United States
Patent No. 4,916,539, related to the present application as noted above,
supplements the capabilities of the unit disclosed and claimed in United
States Patent No. 4,725,886 by allowing units to be controlled according to
preselected classes
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independent of their hierarchical address structures. This additional
capability results from changes to software in the units and the structure of
data sent to them, as disclosed more fully in the specification of that
application.
Other additional capabiliffes according to the invenffon disclosed in
U.S. Patent No. 4,916,539 are the ability to cause units to enter into a "Crawl
Alert" mode or state with satellite video and audio and with a solid color
background in the bottom region of the screen across which messages may
crawl, accompanied by intermittent audio signals. The invenffon also allows
units to display remotely collected weather observations, such as those from
local meteorological offices, if they sense loss of connection with their
corresponding temperature probes, and to display crawl text corresponding
to weather warning information stored in RAM. The invention further allows
for the rainfall counter circuits to be easily reset or updated from the unit's
keyboard.
Summary of the Invenffon
The present invenffon represents a continuation of the development of
a remotely controlled communicaffons system. By providing a multiply-
hierarchical addressing scheme, the invention allows programs, instructions,
data, and addresses themselves to be transmitted by a source or system host
to individual and groups of individual units at cable head-ends
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within the system. Information transmitted by the host controls the
operational modes of the various units, permitting centralized management
of the local broadcasts. Where communications systems disclosed in the
parent applications referenced above have utilized a relatively "dumb"
terminal approach or videotext/host processor philosophy, the present
invention includes a "smart" peripheral.
The hardware which may be used in connection with the invention is
modular in design to allow field implementation of hardware upgrades and
includes fewer components, reducing both the frequency and cost of repairs.
The software which may be used in connection with the present system also
may be modular, with much of the system software (programs, scripts, lists,
and data, more fully discussed below) capable of being sent to units via
satellite link. The present invention is capable of identifying modified format
videotext pages of the type disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,916,539, confirming
the address and, if the address is valid, storing the pages as text pages of thetype disclosed herein. If ap~ropliately configured, the present system also
can use these modified videotext pages, the accompanying control word, and
page attribute specifications to emulate the display of the system disclosed in
U.S. Patent No. 4,916,539.
The present invention is capable of supporting, processing, and
controlling signals comprising satellite video,
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satellite audio, digital satellite data, local audio, local
video, local data, telephone data, keyboard input, and weather
sensor inputs. The satellite data input accepts preprocessed
alpha-numeriCS in the World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
format, alpha-numerics in a tabular format, graphics primitives,
raster graphics, modified format videotext as discussed above,
clock information, programs, lists, and scripts. The keyboard
input provides only local crawl message text and permits
alteration of certain configuration table parameters held in
EEPROM. The RS-232 port (local data) allows for the input of
both text and raster graphics in an appropriate format. If the
cable head-end is remote from the cable operator, the modem
allows input of both text and graphics data via telephone.
The local digital input is assigned a portion of the
on-board RAM, with display of the input controlled either in real
time or by script from the system host. The unit also permits
the cable operator to use a video playback unit for inserting
local video and audio into a broadcast. This device is
controlled either in real time or by script from the system host.
When the local inputs are active the unit treats the input in the
same manner as satellite input, thus allowing the system host to
maintain control.
Different instruction types may be downloaded from the
data subcarrier or via the RS-232/modem ports, including
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primitives, programs, lists, and scripts. Each of these
instruction types is described briefly as follows:
1. Primitives
Primitives are additions or deletions to the basic
operating set (known as "the kernel") which are stored
in the volatile memory. These additions or deletions
must be consistent and continuously transmitted across
the network.
2. Programs
Programs specify such items as memory allocation,
system operations, and system configuration, and
consist of program modules. These modules must be
consistent and continuously transmitted across the
network.
3. Lists
Indexed address lists are downloaded periodically from
the system host. The system host maintains a "list
table" which relates the index to a characteristic of
each unit such as its serial number. This list table
is periodically sent from the host and permits each
unit to extract its own addresses. Configuration data
may be downloaded periodically using either the index
or any other of the address list items. From the
addresses the unit is able to classify its individual
2S data requirements and identify its individual
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instructions. Operational lists addressed to individual units
or groups of units contain the specific lists of National
Weather Service (NWS) messages. These lists are
addressable both to the individual unit and to groups of
units as defined by the hierarchical addresses. Error
checking on downloaded operational lists also may be
performed.
4. Scripts
Scripts are lists of commands and can be addressed to either
individual units or groups of units. Scripts are the specific
instructions for the production of both text and composite
graphic products, the order of display for planned
sequences, and the commands to display. Real-time control
words are specialized one word scripts and may have
priority on the network and when received by the units.
The host may assign priorities other than the above upon
instruction, however.
2 o Other aspects of this invention are as follows:
A communications system comprising a transmitter, and a
plurality of hierarchically addressable receivers adaptable to receive and
process transmissions from the transmitter, which transmissions include
2 5 an indexed address list in which the index corresponds to a characteristic
of at least one receiver, for permitting each receiver to identify its
addresses, instructions, and data requirements.
A communications system comprising:
3 o a. a transmitter for periodically transmitting first audio,
video, and data signals via satellite;
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b. means for providing second signals selected from the
group consisting of audio, video, and data signals;
c. memory means associated with the transmitter; and
d. a plurality of hierarchically addressable receivers remote
from the transmitter, each of which receivers comprises:
i. means for receiving and processing the first
audio, video, and data signals transmitted from
the transmitter via satellite;
ii. means for processing and storing the second
1 o signals;
iii. means for outputting the processed first and
second signals; and
iv. means, to which the outputting means is
responsive, for altering the output of the
outputting means if no transmissions from the
transmitter are received by the receiving and
processing means within a preselected period of
time;
at least one of which transmissions from the transmitter
2 o includes (1) a first address corresponding to a
characteristic of at least one receiver, (2) a second
address corresponding on a 1:1 basis with the first
address, which first and second addresses are stored in
the memory means in their corresponding relationship,
2 5 (3) a list containing periodically variable addresses
corresponding on an n:l basis with the second address
where n is an integer having a value of a least one, for
permitting the at least one receiver having the
characteristic to identify its periodically variable
3 o addresses, and (4) instructions for processing the first
and second signals.
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A communications system comprising a transmitter, and a
plurality of addressable receivers adaptable to receive and process
periodic transmissions from the transmitter, at least one of which
transmissions includes (1) a first address corresponding to a characteristic
of at least one receiver, (2) a second address corresponding on a 1:1 basis
with the first address, and (3) a list containing periodically variable
addresses corresponding on an n:l basis with the second address, where
n is an integer having a value of at least one, for permitting the at least
one receiver having the characteristic to identify its periodically variable
o addresses.
A communications system comprising a transmitter, and a
plurality of receivers adaptable to receive and process transmissions from
the transmitter, which transmissions convey first information related to a
fixed characteristic of a first one of the plurality of receivers and second,
at least periodically variable, information indexed to the first information,
which second information ~e~ the first receiver to identify and
process conveyed third information intended for it while precluding at
least one other of the plurality of receivers from processing the third
2 o information.
A method for communicating comprising the steps of:
a. providing a first transmitter for periodically transmitting
audio, video, and data signal via satellite;
2 5 b. providing a second transmitter for transmitting signals
selected from the group consisting of audio, video, and
data signals;
c. providing memory means associated with the first
transmitter; and
3 o d. providing a plurality of hierarchically addressable
receivers remote from the first transmitter, each of which
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receivers comprises:
i. means for receiving and processing the audio,
video, and data signals transmitted from the first
transmitter via satellite;
ii. means for processing and storing the signals
transmitted from the second transmitter;
iii. means for outputting the processed signals
transmitted from the first and second signals;
and
iv. means, to which the ouL~uLLing means is
responsive, for altering the output of the
lling means if no transmissions from the
first transmitter are received by the receiving and
processing means within a preselected period of
time; and
e. transmitting at least one transmission from the first
transmitter which includes (1) a first address
corresponding to a characteristic of at least one receiver,
(2) a second address corresponding on a 1:1 basis with
2 o the first address, which first and second addresses are
stored in the memory means in their corresponding
relationship, (3) a list containing periodically variable
addresses corresponding on an n:l basis with the second
address, where n is an integer having a value of at least
2 5 one, for permitting the at least one receiver having the
characteristic to identify its periodically variable
addresses, and (4) instructions for processing the signals
transmitted from both the first and second transmitters.
3 o The embodiment of the invention described herein may be
utilized for a network of local affiliates receiving transmissions from a
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single source or host dedicated to television programming relating to
weather, financial, sports, advertising, or program information. The
invention may also be adapted to use for transmission of entirely
different progr~mmin~ and data for other types of commercial
5 broadcasting, including
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teletext only communications, and aspects of the invention may be
adapted to other uses such as various remote control networks.
Brief Description of the Drawings
s FIG. 1 represents a block diagram of the inputs to and
outputs from the receiver/processor apparatus which may be used
in connection with the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the system of the present
invention illustrating a multiply-hierarchical addressing scheme
which may be used in connection with the system.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a portion of a data framing
scheme which may be used in connection with the system of the -
present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating operational modes
of the receiver/processor apparatus of FIG. 1 which may be used
in connection with the present invention.
Detailed Description of the Drawings
A. Inputs
FIG. 1 details the inputs to and outputs from the
receiver/processor apparatus 10 which may be used in connection
with the system 14 (FIG. 2) of the present invention. Apparatus
10 accepts satellite video lS, up to three satellite audio 16,
and digital satellite data 17 signals as input from a satellite
receiver and/or descrambler and is capable of demodulating a
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frequency shift keyed (FSK) data subcarrier signal to obtain the
digital satellite data. Because apparatus 10 usually is remotely
located from the system host 18, transmission of signals 15-17
may be via satellite.
Satellite data signals 17 may include preprocessed
alpha-numerics in the World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
format, alpha-numerics in a tabular format, graphics primitives,
raster graphics, modified format videotext as discussed earlier,
clock, programs, lists, and scripts. The system host 18 also
performs initial processing of any NWS data transmitted by
putting NWS data elements into fixed width columns in a
consistent format, although the narrative text of NWS messages-is
sent to apparatus 10 unprocessed and requires formatting and
pagination at the apparatus 10. Information pertaining to
almanac screens, such as tide data and sunrise/sunset
information, is processed at the host 18 and sent to apparatus 10
in a format similar to preprocessed NWS data.
Apparatus 10 also accepts inputs from local sources,
including local audio 19, local video 20, local data 21,
telephone data 22, keyboard input 23, (optional) weather sensor
input 24, and auxiliary audio 25 signals. An asynchronous RS-232
port may be used for input of local data signals 21 at rates of
300, 1200, 2400, or 4800 Baud. Telephone data signals 22 may be
input via the public switched telephone network from a remote 300
Baud serial asynchronous modem, and apparatus 10, which
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incorporates its own 300 Baud modem, may be configured to allow
incoming telephone calls to preempt keyboard input 23 if desired.
ApparatUs 10 may accept both raster graphics and data through the
RS-232 and modem ports, and these ports are capable of accepting
software to implement, for example, self-diagnostics and software
configurable adjustments under remote control. Input via
keyboard 23 is limited to local "Crawl Message" text and
instructions to alter selected configuration table parameters
contained in RAM. By accepting weather sensor input signals 24,
apparatus 10 permits local weather information and measurements
to be input directly to individual receivers. Weather sensor
data frequently input to apparatus 10 include temperature,
humidity, wind direction and speed, rainfall, and barometric
pressure information. Apparatus 10 also is capable of
calculating and displaying maximum (gust) and average wind speeds
and wind chill temperatures.
Apparatus 10 reacts to local input signals 19-24,
auxiliary audio signals 25, and satellite input signals 15-17
similarly. Local data input signals 21, for example, are
assigned a portion of the RAM of apparatus 10 and displayed under
real time or script control of host 18. This centralized control
capability also permits a cable affiliate to use a video playback
unit for inserting local video and audio into a broadcast while
maintaining control of the broadcast itself at host 18.
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B. Instruction TYpes
Apparatus 10 may download different instruction types,
including primitives, programs, lists, and scripts, from the data
subcarrier of digital satellite data signal 17 or via the RS-232
or modem ports used respectively in connection with local data 21
and telephone data 22 signals. Primitives represent additions to
or deletions from the basic operating set of instructions ("the
kernel" 28) and are stored in the volatile memory of apparatus
10. Programs, which must be consistent across the network of
apparatus 10 and continuously transmitted by host 18, specify
such items as memory allocation, system operations, and system
configuration. At least two categories of lists also may be used
in connection with the present invention, including address lists
and operational lists. Address lists, suitably indexed as part
of the system's hierarchical addressing scheme 32, and which
permit each apparatus 10 to extract its own index or "STAR
number," may be downloaded periodically from host 18. Host 18
maintains a table which relates the STAR number to the serial
number of each apparatus 10. Configuration data may be capable
of being downloaded periodically using the serial number, the
STAR number, or any other of the address list items. By using
the serial number of each apparatus 10 solely to convey the STAR
number, the host 18 may easily allow for substitution of a new
apparatus 10 should a unit failure occur. From the addresses
apparatus 10 is able to classify its individual data requirements
2 0 3 2 ~ Ll 1
and identify its individual instructions. Operational lists,
addressable both to individual and groups of individual apparatus
10 as defined by the hierarchical addresses, contain the specific
lists of NWS messages.
Scripts, finally, are lists of commands addressable
either to individual or groups of apparatus 10. These command
lists, which may be nested, control the flow of operations for
apparatus 10 when executed by a script processor and represent
specific instructions for the production of both text and
composite graphic products, ordering the display for planned
sequences, and commanding the display. Real-time control words,
which have priority on the network and when received by apparatus
10, are specialized one word scripts.
Message frames 36 similar to that shown in FIG. 3
containing downloadable program modules, if correctly received at
the apparatus 10 and identified as having a different version
number from the currently operating module, are stored in RAM.
Frames incorrectly received or identified as having the current
version number are rejected, and a new module is marked as
unusable until all frames are correctly received. On subsequent
transmissions of a particular module, message frames previously
received incorrectly are stored (assuming they are correctly
received and contain the same version number as previously stored
frames) until such time as a complete program module is available
at the apparatus 10. Once the complete program is available, the
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new module is available for updating the operational software
used in the apparatus 10.
The process of updating the operation software
commences immediately after receipt of a complete program unless
the apparatus 10 previously has received a command inhibiting
automatic program module updates. Such a command may be
expressed as "INHIBIT-AUTO-UPDATE." If automatic updates have
been inhibited and a new module is available, the new module is
activated only upon receipt of a "RESET" command or an "ALLOW-
AUTO-UPDATE" command from the host 18.
C. GraPhics Text. and Alpha-Numerics
Apparatus 10 accepts digitized raster graphics and
graphic primitives from the data subcarrier and supports
composite graphics generated from both types of graphics
information. Run length encoded raster images in an appropriate
format may be received through the data subcarrier for storage
and display and, upon receipt, assigned a resolution and color
table and, if a map, a geographic center, scale, and projection.
Typical map image projections include Lambert Conformal, Oblique
Stereographic, Mercator, and Pseudo G.O.E.S. One version of the
image may be denoted as the "master" version containing the
original instruction set and may not be easily subject to editing
or deletion. A second or working version of the image may be
generated at apparatus 10 to allow merging of the image with data
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overlays. In addition, affiliates having equipment producing
raster images compatible with the format accepted by apparatus 10
may input images into certain sections of memory.
Apparatus 10 is capable of constructing graphics
locally from graphic primitives, with each graphic having a
center, resolution, and associated color table. These local
graphics may occupy all or part of the display and may be of high
(768 x 480), medium (384 x 480), or low (384 x 240) resolution.
Graphics instructions accepted by apparatus 10 allow movement, or
navigation, of various colored shapes over a background which may
be transparent, of solid color, or graduated. The graphics
instructions can be generated either in real time ("on the fly")
or stored in compressed raster format for later retrieval, and
may specify a page number and name for each graphic to be stored.
Associated with each page may be a current and master image
version, with the current version including any required variable
information such as data overlays.
Run length encoded graphic images whose uncompressed
display size greatly exceeds the screen size ("supergraphics")
also may be received by apparatus 10 and, if desired, stored in
RAM. Apparatus 10 is able to extract a portion of the large
scale image, as the image is received, based upon its physical
location (i.e. the latitude and longitude of the apparatus 10) or
other given data and display that portion on the screen. If
extraction is based upon latitude and longitude information,
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apparatus 10 positions its own geographic location at the center
of the displayed image. Requirements for normal, full screen
graphics images also apply to supergraphics.
Apparatus 10 supports placement of characters over
graphics pages, satellite video, and graduated and solid color
backgrounds. A full array of geometric shapes may be used in
connection with the display, including lines, circles, squares,
rectangles, triangles, ellipses, and polygons, all of which may
be varied in terms of size, orientation, and shading. The
apparatus 10 also permits display of a video window in a graphic
or graphic series and partial or complete masking of video by
graphics.
Apparatus 10 accepts text information from system host
18, follows the associated instructions, and produces text
overlays. Each text page has an associated name and memory page
number. A remote keyboard adaptor, such as a Tandy RS-102 laptop
computer, may serve as an interface between a user and the RS-232
or modem ports and allow scheduling of local crawl messages, and
keyboard text may include entry and editing of crawl messages and
modifications of selected configuration table parameters.
Scrolling text display (both horizontally and vertically) is
provided within the system by dividing the broadcast screen into
regions and scrolling by scan line. Downloading script-callable
font masters from host 18 transmissions allows variation in text
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size, typeface, borders, drop shadows, spacing, slanting, and
color.
For pre-processed NWS data bulletins each apparatus 10
may search and select the bulletins for records of interest and
construct a data overlay to be merged with appropriate text and
icons for display. The data overlay may have a center, planned
layout, and resolution. For text data overlays over base maps,
apparatus 10 converts table-supplied latitude and longitude
information for pertinent locations into two-dimensional
coordinates for on-screen display. Data positioning may be
dependent upon the map scale, projection used, and, in the case
of supergraphics, the latitude/longitude rectangle extracted from
the transmitted image. If an apparatus 10 receives a weather
warning or advisory bulletin of interest, a full copy of the text
over a solid background with an audio alarm-may be produced.
D. Proqramminq and Addressinq
Each apparatus 10, as noted above, includes a kernel 28
comprising a basic operating instruction set residing in its
PROM. Apparatus 10 downloads the remainder of its instruction
sets, which include programs controlling fundamental system
operations, memory allocation, run-time diagnostics, graphics
function, message type identification, address checking, and
control mode establishment. Operational configuration data such
as configuration settings, phone numbers, and passwords may
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reside in an EEPROM portion of the main memory of apparatus 10
accessible by the host 18. Programs may be modular to allow for
real-time replacement of modules.
Each apparatus 10 also includes a machine and script-
readable serial number. Continuously updatable hierarchical
addresses may be keyed, directly or indirectly, to the individual
serial numbers, and lists of items to be performed or omitted may
be installed according to groupings determined by the addresses.
A script, analogous to or consisting of a high-level
programming language, is a list of instructions to be performed
by an apparatus 10 or hierarchical set of apparatus 10 either
upon receipt of a real-time control word, at predetermined times,
or upon arrival of specific data. The script language permits,
among other things: access to internal data, including available
weather sensor data; flow control of programs via "IF-THEN-ELSE"
type compound conditional statement; nesting of script command
sets by means of subroutine calls; and testing of various items
such as signal presence, status or operating modes, arbitrary
image presence, weather sensor presence and outputs, date and
time information, and database data presence. Initially, script
command sets are input to apparatus 10 only through transmission
from host 18. Software resident at system host 18 provides
script entry and editing using the host 18 facilities, script
syntax checking, and pseudo-compilation to allow a "token"
command set to be transmitted to various apparatus 10.
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ImplementatiOn of software at apparatus 10 allows such pseudo-
compiled scripts to be entered through the RS-232 and modem ports
as well.
Time information keyed to Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) may
be provided to apparatus 10 via the satellite link with host lB.
Clock programming of apparatus 10 confirms the time received,
converts it to local time and date for on-screen display using a
downloadable GMT offset figure in its configuration database, and
marks locally acquired products or information with the date and
time received. Time-zone hierarchy may be used to address
apparatus 10 when providing the GMT offset figure.
Various password levels may be used to maintain the
integrity of the overall system when it is accessed via the RS-
232 or modem ports. A privileged password may be assigned to the
host 18, allowing the system host 18 to access all configuration
data, memory, password modification, run-time diagnostics, error
log, and other information related to each apparatus 10. Non-
privileged passwords, on the other hand, may be assigned to each
affiliate and permit limited access to configuration settings and
to a variable portion of RAM in the corresponding apparatus 10
made accessible by host 18. The present system allows affiliates
to alter their non-privileged passwords at any time.
Addressing of apparatus 10 is hierarchical and may be
installed from the host 18 by assigning logical addressing
schemes to the machine readable serial number on the backplane of
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each apparatus 10. The present system supports at least four addressing
schemes, including the format address scheme disclosed in U.S. Patent No.
4,916,539 and U.S. Patent No. 4,725,886, other geographic addressing of
apparatus 10, addressing using the state and county Federal Information
Processing Standard (FIPS) code assigned by the Department of Commerce as
a hierarchy, and addressing using designated market area (DMA) addresses.
Additional addressing schemes may be used, however, including non-
geographic schemes, and multiple addresses may be assigned within each
scheme.
The present invention specifically contemplates addressing of both
alpha-numeric and graphics (raster and graphic primitive) products and the
inclusion of as many as several thousand apparatus 10 in the overall system.
The present system also supports separate addressing of two thousand
weather forecast and 1024 DMA areas in the United States, significantly more
than the 750 forecast and 300 DMA areas presently in existence, and more
may be supported if necessary. Forecast areas also may be subdivided into
states, countries and sub-countries. For affiliates whose broadcast areas
include more than one forecast or DMA area, the multiple addressing scheme
permits receipt by the corresponding apparatus 10 of multiple regional
forecasts.
2032~
E. Modes
When power is applied to apparatus 10 it enters into a
TEST procedure 40 (FIG. 4) designed to validate the RAM and
clock. If these parameters are validated, apparatus 10 enters
NODATA mode 44. Otherwise, apparatus 10 enters RESET mode 48 and
repeats the TEST procedure 40.
The typical operating mode of apparatus 10 is
denominated NORMAL mode 52. NORMAL mode 52 is maintained until
apparatus 10 fails to receive a valid data packet for a
preselected period of time (e.g. one minute), if satellite video
is lost for a number of consecutive video fields (e.g. forty-
five), or if data are received to force the apparatus 10 to enter
another mode. Host 18 retains control over apparatus 10 in thi~
mode, although the host may forward control to local script files
if desired. Control Words issued while NORMAL mode 52 is
maintained allow for independently controllable video and audio
outputs including, but not necessarily limited to:
1. Satellite video and primary audio
2. Satellite video and secondary audio
3. Satellite video and tertiary audio
4. Data frame(s) and primary audio
5. Data frame(s) and secondary audio
6. Data frame(s) and tertiary audio
7. Satellite video, with data frame(s) overlaid and
primary audio
8. Satellite video, with data frame(s) overlaid and
secondary audio
9. Satellite video, with data frame(s) overlaid and
tertiary audio
10. Satellite video, with local audio
11. Satellite video, overlaid with data frame(s) and
local audio
12. Local video with local audio
13. Local video with primary audio
-23-
. ~
~.
20327~'~
.~,,
14. Local video with secondary audio
15. Local video with tertiary audio
16. Data frame(s) with lo~al audio
NOVIDEO mode 56 is entered if apparatus 10 fails to
receive satellite video for a number of consecutive video fields
(e.g. forty-five). Entry into NOVIDEO mode 56 forces apparatus
10 to execute a suitably designed script. NOVIDEO mode 56 exits
to NORMAL mode 52 when satellite video is restored for the
appropriate period referenced above and data is present. If
apparatus 10 remains in NOVIDEO mode 56 for a preselected length
of time (e.g. three hours), RESET mode 48 is entered.
By definition, NOVIDEO mode 56 requires that satellite
data remain present, and may occur without loss of satellite
audio. Should NOVIDEO mode 56 be entered with satellite audio
signals present, apparatus 10 detects the audio, chooses the
script most applicable, and follows the instruction set. The
applicable script file may include a command to enter RESET mode
48.
Outputs valid during NOVIDEO mode 56 include:
A) with satellite audio unavailable:
1. Local video with local audio
2. Data frame(s) with local audio
B) with satellite audio available:
1. Local video with local audio
2. Data frame(s) with local audio
3. Local video with primary audio
4. Local video with secondary audio
5. Local video with tertiary audio
-24-
~0327~1
In NOVIDEO mode 56 apparatus 10 continues to display local
weather values. Diagnostics resident at apparatus 10 may be used
to institute telephone contact with the system host 18 after
detecting the NOVIDEO mode 56 condition for a particular length
of time (e.g. two hours and forty-five minutes).
NODATA mode 44 is entered when apparatus 10 fails to
receive continuous clock or data signals for, e.g., one second,
and after successfully exiting RESET mode 48. When apparatus 10
enters NODATA mode 44 it is forced to execute an appropriately
designed script. A supervisory layer script calling for the
activation of default video and audio allows for the start-up
scenario described above.
NODATA mode 44 is exited to either NOVIDEO or NORMAL
modes 56 or 52 respectively when apparatus 10 receives a number
(e.g. sixty) of consecutive error-free frames and when a complete
program is resident in memory. After a predetermined time in
NODATA mode 44, e.g. three hours, apparatus 10 enters RESET mode
48.
In some cases while in NODATA mode 44 apparatus 10 may
continue to receive either or both of satellite video and audio.
In such cases apparatus 10 detects the signals present and
chooses a script file based upon available information. NODATA
mode 44 allows a default script containing a text page to be
executed to provide coverage during the system reload after a
successful exit from RESET mode 48.
-25-
20327~1
Valid NODATA mode 44 outputs include:
(A) with satellite video and audio available:
1. Satellite video and primary audio
2. Satellite video and secondary audio
3. Satellite video and tertiary audio
4. Data frame(s) and primary audio
5. Data frame(s) and secondary audio
6. Data frame(s) and tertiary audio
7. Satellite video, with data frame(s) overlaid and
primary audio
8. Satellite video, with data frame(s) overlaid and
secondary audio
9. Satellite video, with data frame(s) overlaid and
tertiary audio
10. Local video with local audio
11. Local video with primary audio
12. Local video with secondary audio
13. Local video with tertiary audio
14. Data frame(s) with local audio
15. Satellite video, with local audio
16. Satellite video, overlaid with data frame(s) and
local audio
(B) with only satellite video available:
1. Local video with local audio
2. Data frame(s) with local audio
3. Local video with primary audio
4. Local video with secondary audio
5. Local video with tertiary audio
6. Data frame(s) with primary audio
7. Data frame(s) with secondary audio
8. Data frame(s) with tertiary audio
(C) with satellite video and audio unavailable:
1. Local video with local audio
2. Local video, overlaid with data frame(s) and local
audio
3. Data frame(s) with local audio
Apparatus 10 enters WARNING mode 60 upon receipt of a
valid weather warning message for an area within its broadcast
region as determined by the apparatus 10 address and the warning
message header. WARNING mode 60 is usually entered from NORMAL
-26-
'- 20327~1
mode 52, ADVISORY mode 64, or CRAWL ALERT mode 68. In WARNING
mode 60 the customary system programming is preempted ~a~t~gh
it continues to run as a background task so that when WARNING
mode 60 is exited the display will return as if the mode had not
been encountered), the display background is colored, and the
full text of the NWS issued weather warning is displayed in a
scrolling text format. This visual display is accompanied with
an audible warning alert tone such as a series of beeps. In
addition, the contacts for all channel alert equipment are
activated and local weather sensors or the latest local weather
observation, along with day, date, and time, may be displayed in
a second region of the display. WARNING mode 60 typically is
maintained for two complete presentations of the NWS text or
until the warning is cancelled by host 18, after which the mode
is exited into either CRAWL ALERT mode 68, NORMAL mode 52,
NOVIDEO mode 56, or NODATA mode 44. Maintenance of either
WARNING or CRAWL ALERT mode 60 or 68 respectively for more than a
predetermined maximum length of time based on the same downlinked
message causes apparatus 10 to attempt to contact host 18 via the
telephone line. The system host 18 can then alter the mode of
apparatus 10 either by issuing a new message or by commanding
entry of RESET mode 48. WARNING mode 60 may coexist with both
NOVIDEO and NODATA modes 56 and 44 respectively.
ADVISORY mode 64 is entered, typically from NORMAL mode
52, WARNING mode 60, or CRAWL ALERT mode 68, when an apparatus 10
- 2~327~1
,_ .
receives a valid weather advisory message for an area of
interest, again determined by the apparatus 10 address and the
message header. In ADVISORY mode 64 regular programming is
preempted (although, once again, it continues to run as a
background task so that when ADVISORY mode 64 is exited the
display will return as if the mode had not been encountered), the
display background is colored, and the full text of the NWS
issued weather advisory is displayed in a scrolling text format.
This visual display may be accompanied with an audible warning
alert tone such as a series of beeps should an appropriate
command be issued ~y the script file. In addition, the contacts
for all channel alert equipment are activated, and local weather
sensor information or the latest weather observations may be
displayed in the crawl space. ADVISORY mode 64 generally is
maintained for two complete presentations of the NWS text or
until cancellation of the advisory message by host 18, after
which the mode is exited. ADVISORY mode 64 does not preempt
entry into WARNING mode 60.
ADVISORY mode 64 normally exits into CRAWL ALERT mode
68 or, if the NWS weather advisory is cancelled by receipt of an
updated message or after a certain period of time has elapsed,
into one of NORMAL, NOVIDEO, or NODATA modes 52, 56, or 44.
Should apparatus 10 remain in ADVISORY or CRAWL ALERT mode 64 or
68 respectively for too long a period of time due to the same
message, apparatus 10 may attempt to inform host 18 of its status
-28-
~2711 ~
via telephone. The system host 18 can alter the mode of the
apparatus lO by either issuing a new authority or forcing entry
into RESET mode 48. ADVISORY mode 64 supports the functions of
NOVIDEO and NODATA modes, respectively 56 and -~4.
CRAWL ALERT mode 68 is entered from either WARNING mode
60 or ADVISORY mode 64 and consists of a text message displayed
over video or graphics and moving horizontally, or "crawling,"
across the screen. The crawl message normally appears at the
bottom of the display, although the script file generating the
alert can position the message in any region of the screen.
Apparatus 10 generates the crawl message by parsing its type
(e.g. advisory or warning) and nature (e.g. tornado, hurricane,
etc.), and the valid times and locations from the NWS message.
To this apparatus 10 adds the time the next full text of the NWS
message will be displayed and ensures the current time is
displayed on screen. The script file is able to identify if the
message is a warning or an advisory and control the time between
full text displays, the text color, the system audio, and whether
closures for either all channel alert or cable control equipment
are to be activated. CRAWL ALERT mode 68 has priority over local
video. However, if local video is being displayed when CRAWL
ALERT mode 68 is entered, the crawl message will be delayed until
local video has ceased.
CRAWL ALERT mode 68 supports all functions of NORMAL
52, NOVIDEO 56, and NODATA 44 modes and is normally exited to
-29-
2~3~
either WARNING or ADVISORY mode 60 or 64 respectively at the
completion of each display cycle (typically every five to ten
minutes as determined in the script file). CRAWL ALERT mode 68
can, however, exit to NORMAL mode 52 when the valid time of the
warning or advisory has expired or when a cancellation message is
received. Upon receipt of a message upgrading the seriousness of
the situation CRAWL ALERT mode 68 is preempted by whatever mode
change is forced upon apparatus 10 by host 18 and a new crawl
message generated. If an apparatus 10 remains in CRAWL ALERT
mode 68 for more than a specified maximum length of time due to
the same alert message, apparatus 10 may attempt to contact host
18 via the telephone line and host 18 can alter the mode of
apparatus 10 by issuing a new authorization for CRAWL ALERT mode
68 or by forcing apparatus 10 to enter RESET mode 48.
RESET mode 48 may be invoked upon receipt of a reset
command from host 18 or a script, by manually pushing a reset
button located on the CPU board of apparatus 10, following loss
of only AC power to apparatus 10, or following change of critical
configuration parameters. A sixth method of entering RESET mode
48 is following loss of both AC power and the DC battery back-up,
when a "cold" boot is performed and RAM contents have been
destroyed.
Upon entering RESET mode 48 apparatus 10 is placed off-
line and default video and audio appear at its output. RAM
contents are checked as well as the clock chip "power fail
-30-
20327~
detect" line. If valid software is found, a start-up TEST
procedure 40 is conducted (i.e. a "warm boot"). If resident
software is determined to be invalid, apparatus 10 waits to
receive valid software from the host 18. When valid software has
been received, apparatus 10 reexecutes the TEST procedure 40 and,
upon successful completion, enter NODATA mode 44. Failure to
complete TEST procedure 40 causes recycling of the procedure as
discussed below.
FREEZE mode 72 occurs as a result of a command issued
by host 18 or through communications access through use of a
privileged password and results in a single page of graphics sent
with the command being displayed until apparatus 10 is instructed
to return to NORMAL mode 52. FREEZE mode 72 survives both a cold
and warm boot. The mode of apparatus 10 after successfully
completing the start-up TEST procedures 40 is dependent on the
internal setting of a "freeze" flag within the EEPROM.
TEST procedures 40, including memory, clock,
configuration, and system tests, are performed upon start-up of
apparatus 10. If appropriate parameters are within acceptable
limits, apparatus 10 enters NODATA mode 44; otherwise, apparatus
10 enters RESET mode 48 and recycle through TEST procedures 40.
After some number of consecutive test/reset cycles, typically
three, apparatus 10 performs an orderly shut down and communicate
its status to host 18. This status can be modified either by a
-31-
203274~
"~ .
cold boot or upon entering the INTERACTIVE-TEST portion of TEST
prccedures 40.
In the SELF-TEST portion of TEST procedures 40 the main
functions of each of the boards in apparatus 10 may be tested,
preferably at regular intervals of no more than six hours. SELF-
TEST is designed to run in a background state so as not to
interfere with operation of apparatus 10. Loss of AC power to or
high internal ambient temperature of apparatus 10 causes a power
supply shutdown and separate log entries. In addition, the
absence or loss of both input and output signals and existence of
differing results for consecutive executions of the same test may
be detected and logged. Any apparatus 10 not satisfying
predetermined specifications attempts to communicate the fact to
host 18 via the telephone line and to transmit to the host 18 all
stored SELF-TEST results for the past, e.g., thirty-five days.
Routine SELF-TEST reports to host 18, scheduled for off-hour
times, include current configuration of each apparatus 10,
including serial number, battery levels, and notices of power
failures and entry into modes other than NORMAL 52, WARNING 60,
ADVISORY 64, FREEZE 72, or CRAWL ALERT 68. The INTERACTIVE-TEST
portion of TEST procedures 40 can be entered either at the
factory or via the communications ports while apparatus 10 is in
the field. While in INTERACTIVE-TEST all SELF-TEST procedures
can be accessed and the color output, including both text and
graphics output, can be directed to the system host 18.
-32-
2()32 ~ ~ ~
,_ .
Apparatus 10 passes satellite video and primary audio during this
procedure, which runs as a fo~e~ound task entered and exited
upon command from the modem port, unless otherwise instructed.
F. Outputs
Outputs of apparatus 10, as shown in FIG. 1, include
primary and (optional) secondary video signals 76 and 77, primary
and secondary audio signals 78 and 79, external (synchronization)
signal 80, logic switches 81, relay contacts 82, and LEDs 83.
External signal 80 provides an isolated source of composite
signal generated from the satellite video 15 and may be used for
synchronizing local video sources to be of identical time
framing. Logic switches 81 and relay contacts 82 are intended to
be operated by script command, and LEDs 83 may be under hardware
or software control.
G. Input Message Formats
FIG. 3 details the frame format for messages (other
than those in a modified format of that described in application
Serial No. 07/323,089) to be received by apparatus 10. Message
frame 36 includes a message identifier 86 specifying the message
type, a list table entry number 90 (see also FIG. 2) for address
comparison, an address 94 used in identifying the receiving
individual or groups of apparatus 10, a command code 98, and the
message 102. Message identifier 86 and command code 98 typically
-33-
~.
2032 ~ ~1
..
comprise two ASCII bytes, addresS 94 typically six ASCII bytes,
and list table entry number 90 typically two bytes in binary
form. Message 102 may be of variable length.
Message identifiers 86 include such items as script
management (SM), real-time control directives (RT), software
management messages (SW), tabular data (TA), image management
messages (IM), font selection messages (FS), crawl management
messages (CR), schedule activation (AC) and deactivation (DE),
crawl scheduling (SC), crawl selection (CU), list management
messages (LI), clock management messages (CU), and end of
transmission messages (I0). An "S3" message identifier indicates
that the associated message is in a format disclosed in
application Serial No. 07/323,089. Furthermore, because
apparatus 10 may transmit messages to host 18 in a format similar
to message frame 36, message identifiers for such communications
may include health monitor messages (HM) and radar messages (RA).
Command codes 98 identify the action to be performed by
the receiving apparatus 10 and include, for example, such
indicators as script information present (SC) and script deletion
(DE) within the message identifier "SM." Thus, a sample message
frame 36 for deleting a script denoted as "script-name" may be
written as
SM a# aaaaaa DE script-name
where "SM" is the message identifier 86, "a#" is the list entry
table number 90, "aaaaaa" is the address 94, "DE" is the command
-34-
20327~
code 98, and "script-name" is message 102. The blank spaces
between elements 86, 90, 94, 98, and 102 in the sample message
have been inserted for convenience of the reader only and need
not be sent as part of the overall message.
The various command codes 98 and corresponding messages
102, with the terms "STAR" and "STAR IV" referring to apparatus
10 and "PTT" referring to non-weather related programming which
may be made available to affiliates, are listed in CHART 1.
CHART 1
A.1.1. 8cript Management Messages
Two message types are received by the Script Manager of apparatus
10, the first of which may contain script data and the second of
which may provide for a delete command.
SM a# aaaaaa SC script-name sequence-number last-frame-flag
script-data
DE script-name
8cript Data - SC
Parameter Start Byte Data Description
Byte Len. Type
scriptname 13 18 character alphanumeric script
name; maximum of 16
characters, NULL
terminated.
seq_number 31 2 integer message frame number
last_frame flag 33 2 character flag indicating the
last message frame;
'E' = End of
transmission,
'C' = More to
follow; the flag is
left-justified in
its field.
20~27~L
,_
scriptdata 35 94 variable script data
Notes: 1. The sequence-number starts at 1 for the first frame
of the message and is incremented by 1 for each
subsequent frame.
2. The last frame flag requires 2 bytes immediately
following the sequence number. The first byte
takes on the ASCII character E to indicate the end
of transmission of the current message. For all
other frames within the message, this byte must be
ASCII C.
3. The remaining bytes within the frame are reserved
for scriptdata. This field may contain 1 or more
script commands, each command preceded by a 16 bit
integer, indicating the length of the following
command in bytes. The 16 bit length word is in
binary format.
Delete 8cript - DE
Parameter Start Byte Data Description
Byte Len. Type
scriptname 13 18 character alphanumeric script
name; maximum of 16
characters; NULL
terminated.
A.1.2 Real-Time Control Directives
RT a# aaaaaa CO authority# SSST scriptname starttime
SSSP scriptname
SSLO scriptname
SSAB scriptname
SSEN mode text
SSEX mode
DISWAU switch position
DISWVI switch position
DISWDE switch position device_num
DISWRE switch position
EVSE eventname
PTLO alias_name
PTST
RTCL
50 CO identifies the message as real-time control.
-36-
- ~032 ~ ~1
The authority number is an integer with a valid range of O to
32767 which uniquely identifies the message so that apparatus 10
may detect and ignore the duplicate receipt of a directive.
Script Scheduling, Start 8¢ript - 888T
Parameter Start Byte Data Description
Byte Len. Type
scriptname 19 18 character script name
(left justified)
starttime 37 20 character scheduled time for
execution; the time
is in the format:
yyyy/mm/dd/hh:mm:ss
Notes: 1. The start time is optional and specifies the
absolute GMT time at which the script will begin
execution.
Script Scheduling, Start 8pecial 8cript - 888P
Parameter Start Byte Data Description
Byte Len. Type
scriptname 19 18 character script name
(left justified)
Notes: 1. Special scripts share the display with NORMAL
scripts. The special script, however, takes
precedence in the event of conflicts.
2. Like NORMAL scripts, special scripts are preempted
by NOVIDEO, NODATA, ADVISORY, WARNING, FREEZE and
RESET.
3. Special scripts are also preempted by CRAWL ALERT.
Script Sch-duling, ~oad 8cript - 88LO
Parameter Start Byte Data Description
Byte Len. Type
scriptname 19 18 character script name
- (left justified)
-37-
2~7~ ~
,~ ~
Script 8cheduling, Abort 8cript - 88AB
Parameter Start Byte Data Description
Byte Len. Type
scriptname 19 18 character script name
(left justified)
8cript Scheduling, Enter Mode - 88LN
Parameter Start Byte Data Description
Byte Len. Type
mode 19 8 character STAR IV mode
(left justified)
text 27 104 character image name for use
with entering FREEZE
mode.
Notes: 1. The mode specified in this command allows RESET and
FREEZE modes to be entered by host command.
2. The image included for FREEZE mode will be
displayed.
Script 8cheduling, Exit Mode - 88EX
Parameter Start Byte Data Description
Byte Len. Type
mode 19 8 character STAR IV mode
(left justified)
Notes: 1. The mode specified in this command allows FREEZE
mode to be exited by host command.
Display, switch audio - DISWAU
Parameter Start Byte Data Description
Byte Len. Type
4S
switch_position 21 2 character switch position where:
"L0" = local
"Sl" = satl
"S2" = sat2
"S3" = sat3
"Al" = auxl
"A2" = aux2
-38-
2~32~
"A3" = aux3
"OF" = off
Display, sw~tch video - DI8~VI
Parameter Start Byte Data Description
Byte Len. Type
10switch position 21 2 character switch position where:
"LO" = local
"SA" = satellite
15Display, Qwitch device - DI8WDB
Parameter Start Byte Data Description
Byte Len. Type
switch position 21 2 character switch position where:
"ON" = on
"OF" = off
device num 23 2 integer device number (1-8)
Display, switch relay - DISWRE
Parameter Start Byte Data Description
30Byte Len. Type
switch Position 21 2 character switch position where:
"ON" = on
"OF" = off
PTT Load - PTLO
Parameter Start Byte Data Description
Byte Len. Type
aliasname 19 18 character The name of a script
to be loaded (a) in
place of the PTT show
in STARs which do not
subscribe to PTT and
(b) on the primary
graphics board in
dual-graphics STARs to
run concurrently with
the PTT show.
-39-
- 2~327~
.~
Event, 8et Event - EV8E
Parameter Start Byte Data Description
Byte Len. Type
eventname 19 18 character event name
(left justified)
Notes: 1. This command permits events to be triggered from the
host computer.
P~T Start - PTST
No parameters.
Real Time Cold Load - RTCL
No parameters.
.
A.1.3 Software Management Messag-s
SW a# aaaaaa ST CPU start_address number bytes version
MO CPU sequence_number object_code
SY CPU sequence_number object_code
CL
IN
EN
The update procedure is started on an ST message. The CPU field
indicates which processor the update is for by specifying the main
or graphics CPU. The start address is a binary number indicating
the starting address of the following MO or SY messages. Number-
bytes indicate the number of bytes in the message to follow and
version indicates the version number of the update.
Module updates are distinguished from system updates to ensure that
a "cold" STAR will not attempt to start on the completion of a
module update. The update procedure continues with the receipt of
one or more MO or SY messages in sequence. The sequence number is
a 24 bit number occupying 4 bytes, starting at 1 and proceeding in
ascending order to the last record. Interleaving of MO and SY
messages will also abort the update. The object-machine-code is a
fixed length 96 byte field in a binary representation of the
executable code. The address for this image data may be derived
from the formula:
(sequence-number-1)*96 + start-address
-40-
2~3274 ~
If a program module is transmitted over several data frames, only
the last frame may contain less than 96 bytes.
8tart of Transmission - ST
Parameter Start Byte Data Description
Byte Len. Type
CPU 13 2 character identifies the desti-
nation CPU. 'MA' for
main memory, 'GR' for
graphics memory.
start address 15 4 integer start address of the
object code to follow
number_bytes 19 4 integer number of bytes in the
object code to follow
version 23 2 integer - version number
current flag 25 2 integer current software ~er-
sion 0 z new software
system. Non Zero -
current software
system
Module Update - MO
Parameter Start Byte Data Description
Byte Len. Type
CPU 13 2 character identifies the desti-
nation CPU. 'MA' for
main memory, 'GR' for
graphics memory.
sequence_number 15 4 integer ordinal value of this
data frame within
entire message
object_code 19 96 binary up to 96 bytes of
object code
-41-
2~327~
System Update - SY
Parameter Start Byte Data Description
Byte Len. Type
CPU 13 2 character identifies the desti-
nation CPU. 'MA' for
main memory, 'GR' for
graphics memory.
sequence_number 15 4 integer ordinal value of this
data frame within
entire message
object_code 19 96 binary up to 96 bytes of
object code
Clear System Storage - CL
No parameters.
Inhibit Software Update~ - IN
No parameters.
Enable Software Updates - EN
No parameters.
A.1.4 Tabular Data
TA a# aaaaaa For NWS Tabular Data
A.1.5 Image Management Messages
IM a# aaaaaa HR image_name, image_owner, sequence number,
image_data
MR image_name, image_owner, sequence_number,
image_data
LR image_name, image_owner, sequence_number,
image_data
HM image_name, image owner, sequence_number,
image_data
MM image_name, image_owner, sequence_number,
image_data
LM image_name, image_owner, sequence_number,
image_data
-42-
2Q327~ -~
.",
HS image_name, image_owner, sequence_number,
image_data
MS image_name, image_owner, sequence_number,
image_data
LS image_name, image_owner, sequence_number,
image_data
GP image_name, image_owner, sequence_number,
image_data
TP image_name, image_owner, sequence_number,
image_data
FO image_name, image_owner, sequence_number,
image_data
SE (font_number, font_image_name),
(font_number, font_image_name),
DE image_type, image_name
CP image_name, image_owner, sequence_number,
image_data
20 High Resolution Raster Image Data - XR
Parameter Start Byte Data Description
Byte Len. Type
image_name 13 9 character image name of up to 8
characters, t~rminated
by a null character
image_owner 22 1 split source and version
number of the image in
two 4 bit sub-fields
"xxxxyyyy" where xxxx
defines the source
(1000 = Host and 1100
= Local) and where
yyyy defines the
version number (O to
15) of the image
sequence_number 23 2 integer transmission sequence
number, is a value of
1 for the first trans-
mission of the image
data and is incre-
mented by 1 for subse-
quent transmissions.
The top bit of the
high order byte will
be used to flag the
end of a transmission.
-43-
20~2~
= .
image data 25 104 ----- run length encoded
raster image data
Medium R~solution Raster Im~g- D~t~ - MR
Parameter Start Byte Data Description
Byte Len. Type
image_name 13 9 character image name of up to 8
characters, terminated
by a null character
image_owner 22 1 split source and version
number of the image in
two 4 bit sub-fields
"xxxxyyyy" where xxxx
defines the source
(1000 = Host and 1100
= Local) and where
yyyy defines the
version number (0 to
15) of the image
sequence_number 23 2 integer transmission sequence
number, is a value of
1 for the first trans-
mission of the image
data and is incre-
mented by 1 for subse-
quent transmissions.
The top bit of the
high order byte will
be used to flag the
end of a transmission.
image_data 25 104 ----- run length encoded
raster image data
Low Resolution Raster Image Data - LR
Parameter Start Byte Data Description
Byte Len. Type
image_name 13 9 character image name of up to 8
characters, terminated
by a null character
image_owner 22 1 split source and version
number of the image in
two 4 bit sub-fields
~3~7~ ~
,_
"xxxxyyyy" where xxxx
defines the source
(1000 = Host and 1100
= Local) and where
yyyy defines the
version number (0 to
15) of the image
sequence_number 23 2 integer transmission sequence
number, is a value of
1 for the first trans-
mission of the image
data and is incre-
mented by l for subse-
lS quent transmissions.
The top bit of the
high order byte will
be used to flag the
end of a transmission.
image_data 25 104 ----- run length encoded
raster image data
High Resolution Map Raster Tmage Data - HM
Parameter Start Byte Data Description
Byte Len. Type
image_name 13 9 character image name of up to 8
characters, terminated
by a null character
image_owner 22 1 split source and version
number of the image in
two 4 bit sub-fields
"xxxxyyyy" where xxxx
defines the source
(1000 = Host and 1100
= Local) and where
yyyy defines the
version number (0 to
15) of the image
sequence number 23 2 integer transmission sequence
number, is a value of
1 for the first trans-
mission of the image
data and is incre-
mented by 1 for subse-
quent transmissions.
The top bit of the
-45-
- 2032741
.... .
high order byte will
be used to flag the
end of a transmission.
5image_data 25 104 ----- run length encoded
raster image data
Medium Re~olution Map Raster Imag- Data - MM
Parameter Start Byte Data Description
Byte Len. Type
image_name 13 9 character image name of up to 8
characters, terminated
by a null character
fimage_owner 22 1 split source and version
number of the image in
two 4 bit sub-fields
"xxxxyyyy" where xxxx
defines the source
(1000 = Host and 1100
= Local) and where
yyyy defines the
version number (0 to
15) of the image
sequence_number 23 2 integer transmission sequence
number, is a value of
1 for the first trans-
mission of the image
data and is incre-
mented by 1 for subse-
quent transmissions.
The top bit of the
high order byte will
be used to flag the
end of a transmission.
image_data 25 104 ----- run length encoded
raster image data
Low Resolution Nap Raster Image Data - LM
Parameter Start Byte Data Description
Byte Len. Type
50image_name 13 9 character image name of up to 8
characters, terminated
by a null character
-46-
2032741
,........................................... . .
image_owner 22 1 split source and version
number of the image in
two 4 bit sub-fields
"xxxxyyyy" where xxxx
defines the source
(1000 = Host and 1100
= Local) and where
yyyy defines the
version number (0 to
15) of the image
sequence_number 23 2 integer transmission sequencenumber, is a value of
1 for the first trans-
mission of the image
data and is incre-
mented by 1 for subse-
quent transmissions.
The top bit of the
high order byte will
be used to flag the
end of a transmission.
image data 25 104 ----- run length encoded
raster image data
High Resolution Supergraphics Map Ra~ter Image Data - H8
Parameter Start Byte Data Description
Byte Len. Type
image_name 13 9 character image name of up to 8characters, terminated
by a null character
image owner 22 1 split source and version
number of the image in
two 4 bit sub-fields
"xxxxyyyy" where xxxx
defines the source
(1000 = Host and 1100
= Local) and where
yyyy defines the
version number (0 to
- 15) of the image
sequence_number 23 2 integer transmission sequencenumber, is a value of
1 for the first trans-
mission of the image
203274~
,~
data and is incre-
mented by 1 for subse-
quent transmissions.
The top bit of the
high order byte will
be used to flag the
end of a transmission.
image data 25 104 ----- run length encoded
raster image data
Medium Resolution Supergraphics Map Raster Tmage Data - M8
Parameter Start Byte Data Description
Byte Len. Type
image_name 13 9 character image name of up to 8
characters, terminated
by a null character
image_owner 22 1 split source and version
number of the image in
two 4 bit sub-fields
"xxxxyyyy" where xxxx
defines the source
(1000 = Host and 1100
= Local) and where
yyyy defines the
version number (0 to
15) of the image
sequence_number 23 2 integer transmission sequence
number, is a value of
1 for the first trans-
mission of the image
data and is incre-
mented by 1 for subse-
quent transmissions.
The top bit of the
high order byte will
be used to flag the
end of a transmission.
image_data 25 104 ----- run length encoded
raster image data
.
-48-
- 203~41
Low Re~olution 8upergraphic~ Map Ra~ter Image Data - L8
Parameter Start Byte Data Description
Byte Len. Type
image_name 13 9 character image name of up to 8
characters, terminated
by a null character
image_owner 22 1 split source and version
number of the image in
two 4 bit sub-fields
"xxxxyyyy" where xxxx
defines the source
(1000 = Host and 1100
= Local) and where
yyyy defines the
version number (0 to
15) of the image
sequence_number 23 2 integer transmission sequence
number, is a value of
1 for the first trans-
mission of the image
data and is incre-
mented by 1 for subse-
quent transmissions.
The top bit of the
high order byte will
be used to flag the
end of a transmission.
image_data 25 104 ----- run length encoded
raster image data
Graphics Program - GP
Parameter Start 8yte Data Description
Byte Len. Type
image_name 13 9 character image name of up to 8
characters, terminated
by a null character
image_owner 22 1 split source and version
number of the image in
two 4 bit sub-fields
"xxxxyyyy" where xxxx
defines the source
(1000 = Host and 1100
= Local) and where
-49-
20327~1
, ,,~.
yyyy defines the
version number (0 to
15) of the image
sequence_number 23 2 integer transmission sequence
number, is a value of
- 1 for the first trans-
mission of the image
data and is incre-
mented by 1 for subse-
quent transmissions.
The top bit of the
high order byte will
be used to flag the
end of a transmission.
image data 25 104 ----- graphics primitives
Text Page Image - TP
Parameter Start Byte Data Description
Byte Len. Type
image_name 13 9 character image name of up to 8
characters, terminated
by a null character
image_owner 22 1 split source and version
number of the image in
two 4 bit sub-fields
"xxxxyyyy" where xxxx
defines the source
(1000 = Host and 1100
= Local) and where
yyyy defines the
version number (0 to
15) of the image
sequence_number 23 2 integer transmission sequence
number, is a value of
1 for the first trans-
mission of the image
data and is incre-
mented by 1 for subse-
quent transmissions.
The top bit of the
high order byte will
be used to flag the
end of a transmission.
image_data 25 104 ----- see below
-50-
- 20327~1
Text page image_data must be transmitted in the following format
and order:
image-data = display_type, num_text_lines
(line attributes, text_line_len, text)
(line attributes, text_line_len, text)
(line attributes, text_line_len, text)
.
.
This data may be transmitted over one or several message frames as
required. Fields are described below:
Parameter Byte Data Description
Len. Type
Display_type 2 character manner in which page is to
be displayed:
"VE" = vertical scroll
"HO" = horizontal scroll
"PL" = placed
num_text_lines 2 integer number of text lines in
text page
line attributes:
color 1 8 bit integer pixel value for text color
border 1 8 bit integer pixel value for text border
color
shadow 1 8 bit integer pixel value for text shadow
color
background 1 8 bit integer pixel value for text back-
ground color
font 1 8 bit integer font number
slant 2 character slanting "ON" = on; "OF" =
off
prop_spacing 2 character proportional spacing "ON" =
on; "OF" = off
For Display-types "VE" and "PL" the remaining fields are:
Parameter Byte Data Description
Len. Type
text_line_len 1 short number of character bytes
in text line
text 0-max character text characters for line
-51-
2Q32~41
char/ (number depends on value of
line text line_len)
For Display-type "H0" the remaining fields are:
(Note: previous field num_text_lines = 1)
text_line_len 2 integer number of character bytes
in crawl text
text 1-16000 character text characters for crawl
(number depends on value of
text_line_len)
Font data - FO
Parameter Start Byte Data Description
Byte Len. Type
image_name 13 9 character image name of up to 8
characters, terminated
by a null character
image_owner 22 1 split source and version
number of the image in
two 4 bit sub-fields
"xxxxyyyy" where xxxx
defines the source
(1000 = Host and 1100
= Local) and where
yyyy defines the
version number (0 to
15) of the image
sequence_number 23 2 integer transmission sequence
number, is a value of
1 for the first trans-
mission of the image
data and is incre-
mented by 1 for subse-
quent transmissions.
The top bit of the
high order byte will
be used to flag the
end of a transmission.
image data 25 104 ----- see below
Font image_data must be transmitted in the following format and
order:
image_data = font x_dim, font_y_dim
203274~
(offset-prop spacing, char_pixel_descrip,
char_pixel descrip, ...)
(offset_prop spacing, char_pixel_descrip,
char_pixel_descrip, ...)
.
(offset_prop_spacing, char pixel_descrip,
char pixel_descrip, ...)
Font character descriptions, i.e. (offset prop spacing,
char_pixel_descrip, char_pixel_descrip, ...), are assumed to be
transmitted in the order ASCII 32 to ASCII 127. All 96 character
descriptions must be transmitted.
The number of char_pixel_descrip fields per character cell must
equal:
font_x_dim * font_y_dim/4
e.g.
x dimension of font = 16
y dimension of font = 32
16 * 32/4 = 128 char_pixel_descrip fields per character
Font image_data is transmitted over several message frames. The
initial frame transmission may contain font_x_dim and font y dim
only. Data fields are described below.
Parameter Byte Data Description
Len. Type
font_x_dim 2 integer x dimension of pixel map of
font characters (20 or 26)
font_y_dim 2 integer y dimension of pixel map of
font characters (16, 32,
48, or 64)
offset_prop_spacing 1 short number of pixels to offset
from pixel map center to
proportionally space this
character
char_pixel_descrip 1 short four 2 bit values which,
when used in conjunction
with text color attributes
in effect at time of font
character reference, may be
2~2~4~
'. .
individually mapped to
pixel values of one byte.
A.1.6 Font 8election Me~ages
FS a# aaaaaa SE num name num name ...
Select foreground font~ - 8E
Parameter Start Byte Data Description
Byte Len. Type
font_number 13 2 integer reference number of
foreground font (range
is 1 to 8)
font_image_name 15 10 character image name of font se-
lected for foreground.
Up to 8 characters
terminated by a null
character.
font_number 25 2 integer reference number of
foreground font (range
is 1 to 8)
font_image_name 27 10 character image name of font se-
lected for foreground.
Up to 8 characters
terminated by a null
character.
font_number 37 2 integer reference number of
foreground font (range
is 1 to 8)
font_image_name 39 10 character image name of font se-
lected for foreground.
Up to 8 characters
terminated by a null
character.
font_number 49 2 integer reference number of
foreground font (range
is 1 to 8)
font_image_name 51 10 character image name of font se-
- lected for foreground.
Up to 8 characters
terminated by a null
character.
-54-
2032~ 11
."_
font_number 61 2 integer reference number of
foreground font (range
is 1 to 8)
font_image_name 63 10 character image name of font se-
lected for foreground.
Up to 8 characters
terminated by a null
character.
font number 73 2 integer reference number of
foreground font (range
is 1 to 8)
font_image_name 75 10 character image name of font se-
lected for foreground.
Up to 8 characters
terminated by a null
character.
font_number 85 2 integer reference number of
foreground font (range
is 1 to 8)
font_image_name 87 10 character image name of font se-
lected for foreground.
Up to 8 characters
terminated by a null
character.
font number 97 2 integer reference number of
foreground font (range
is 1 to 8)
font_image_name 99 10 character image name of font se-
lected for foreground.
Up to 8 characters
terminated by a null
character.
Notes: 1. The SE message may contain between 1 and 8 fonts
inclusive to be selected for foreground.
2. This command is used for selecting which fonts stored
in the Image Database are available for text page
access and associating these fonts with a number.
2~32741
~ ,.
Delete Im~ge - DE
Parameter Start Byte Data Description
Byte Len. Type
image type 13 2 character image type descriptor
"HR", "MR", "LR", "HM",
"MM", "LM", "HS", "MS",
"LS", "F0", "GP", "TP"
image name 15 10 character image name of up to 8
characters, terminated
by a null character
A.1.7 List Management Messages
LI a# aaaaaa AD (entry_number address data),(entry_number
address data), ...~0 C0 a# aaaaaa CD (entry_number config data),(entry_number
config_data) ...
Addre~ List data - AD~5
Parameter Start Byte Data Description
Byte Len. Type
entry_number 13 2 integer entry number in
Address List Table
address_data 15 24 character four addresses of 6
byte length
entry_number 39 2 integer entry number in
Address List Table
address_data 41 24 character four addresses of 6
byte length
entry_number 65 2 integer entry number in
Address List Table
address_data 67 24 character four addresses of 6
byte length
entry_number 91 2 integer entry number in
Address List Table
address_data 93 24 character four addresses of 6
byte length
-56-
2~32~1
configur~tion data - CD
Parameter Start Byte Data Description
Byte Len. Type
entry number 13 2 integer entry number in
- Configuration Database
config_data 15 -- ---- Configuration Database
entry, byte length and
data type depend on
entry number speci-
fied.
entry_number -- 2 integer entry number in
Configuration Database
config_data -- -- ---- Configuration Database
entry, byte length and
data type depend on
entry number speci-
fied.
Notes: 1. Total byte length of Configuration data message not
to exceed 1 frame length (128 bytes) and a Configura-
tion Database entry may not be transmitted over 2
message frames.
30 A.1.8 Clock Management Mes~ages
CU a# aaaaaa TI year month date day hour minute second
Time - TI
Parameter Start Byte Data Description
Byte Len. Type
year 13 2 integer year number (e.g.,
1988)
month 15 2 integer month number (range is
1 to 12)
date 17 2 integer date number (range is
1 to 31)
day 19 2 integer day number (range is o
to 6, i.e. Sunday to
Saturday)
-57-
2~327~
hour 21 2 integer hour number (range is
0 to 23)
minute 23 2 integer minute number (range
is 0 to 59)
second 25 2 integer second number (range
is 0 to 59)
Notes: 1. All clock data will be in GMT.
A.1.9 8TAR III Translator Me~sages
The STAR IV system will identify these messages as STAR III (in
accordacne with the disclosure of Serial No. 07/323,089) by the
preceding two character bytes "S3".
A.l.10 End of Transmission Messag-s
An input message is required to terminate a communications session
via the modem and RS-232 ports. Receipt of this message will
25 disconnect the phone line if communications are via the modem port.
I0 a# aaaaaa ET
where ET specifies end of transmission.
A.1.11 Crawl Management Me~age
CR a# aaaaaa AC privilege interval
DE privilege
SC
CU
Activate Schedule - AC
Parameter Start Byte Data Description
Byte Len. Type
privilege 13 2 character User privilege
"H0" z host
"L0" = local
interval 15 4 integer Scheduling interval in seconds.
Deactivate 8chedule - DE
-58-
,-
2~32~
',...
privilege 13 2 character User privilege
"HOi' = host
"LO" = local
Crawl 8chedule - 8C
Parameter Start Byte Data Description
Byte Len. Type
privilege 13 2 character User privilege
"HO" = host
"LO" = local
crawl_l 15 10 character 1st crawl name
crawl_2 2S 10 character 2nd crawl name
.
crawl 10 105 10 character 10th crawl name
Note: Crawl names are up to 8 characters in length terminated by
a NULL character.
Select Crawl - CU
Parameter Start Byte Data Description
Byte Len. Type
privilege 13 2 character User privilege
"HO~ = host
"LO" = local
crawl 15 10 character Crawl name
A.2 OUTPUT ~88~8
The following messages are defined as output messages from the STAR
IV to the host:
4S HM Health Monitor
RA Radar Messages
A.2.1 8ealth Monitor Mes~ages
There are two health messages defined, status report and health
log.
-59-
2~327~1
...~ .
HM pppppp SR STATUS
HL LOG
pppppp Physical address of STAR IV unit.
Status Report - 8R
Parameter Start Byte Data Description
Byte Len. Type
status 11 20 character STAR IV Status Table.
Log Report - HL
Parameter Start Byte Data Description
Byte Len. Type
event 11 2 integer Event number associ-
ated with this message
count 13 2 integer number of occurrences
of this event
timetag 15 19 character time of the first
occurrence. The
timetag has the format
yyyy/mm/dd/hh:mm:ss
message 21 30 character message associated
with this event
3S
A.2.2 NODATA/NOVIDEO Messages
The following message provides notification of 2 hours, 45 minutes
in the specified STAR IV mode.~0
ss pppppp NO MESSAGE
where pppppp is the physical STAR IV address and MESSAGE
is:
4S
Parameter Start Byte Data Description
Byte Len. Type
mode 11 4 character STAR IV mode
NODA - NODATA
NOVI - NOVIDEO
-60-
2~327~1
timetag 15 19 character time of host notifica-
tion
The foregoing is for purposes of describing and
illustrating a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It
will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications
to the invention described herein may be made without departing
from its scope or spirit, including without limitation:
modification of hierarchical addressing groupings and schemes,
programming content, structure, format, syntax, sequence, and
organization of data processed by the system disclosed, operating
modes, and number and nature of video, audio, and data inputs and
outputs. In addition, the software described herein is open-
ended and may be processed by any suitable processor, including
machines containing 68000-family processors, so that apparatus 10
may be an appropriately modified personal computer such as the
Commodore Amiga or any other appropriate device. Apparatus 10
may be designed to accept other central processors should the
need arise, and the scripts, programs, and other messages and
commands may be written in different ways than those described
herein.
-61-
