Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
2039726
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COLOR PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDING MATERIAL
The present invention relates to color
negative photographic recording materials providing
improved performance with reduced silver usage.
In the art related to light sensitive,
multilayer color photographic films, the deleterious
effect of increased layer thickness on image
sharpness is well known. This effect is due to the
scattering of light by silver halide grains.
Particularly, in multilayer color photographic
materials, the decrease in image sharpness of
emulsion layers nearer to the support is of special
concern.
Previous attempts to improve the sharpness
of multilayer color negative photographic materials
by reducing the thickness of the image recording
layers have had limited success. As the amount of
silver halide in an imaging layer is reduced, the
smaller number of image-forming centers gives rise to
increased granularity. Other important photographic
performance parameters, such as speed, exposure
latitude, and high contrast in separation (spectral
color) exposures, can also be compromised by a
reduction in the amount of silver coated in the
image-forming layer.
As the sensitivity (speed) of a multilayer color
negative photographic material is increased, the
production of such materials having thin image-forming
layers with low silver coverage, without compromising
the other important photographic performance
parameters, becomes more difficult. It is often
observed that more sensitive multilayer color
photographic materials have higher silver
X
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coverages but are inferior in color and image quality
to less sensitive counterparts. This obæervation is
related to the practice of obtaining increased
emulsion sensitivity by enlarging silver halide grain
size in order to provide a higher probability of the
grain absorbing more light.
This approach to obtaining increasçd
sensitivity is of limited utility due to loss of
photoefficiency with relatively large size silver
halide grains. This approach also requires that in
an attempt to maintain the number of imaging centers,
and thereby minimize granularity, the amount of
silver used must be increased. The partial grain
development encountered in color negative development
worsens this situation as a large portion of the
coated silver halide remains undeveloped and this
proportion becomes greater as the grain volume is
increased.
A very useful approach to increasing light
capture of a grain is to alter the grain morphology.
~mployment of high aspect ratio tabular silver halide
emulsions, as described in US Patents 4,439,520,
4,672,027, and 4,693,954, has succeeded in providing
a large variety of advantages to color negative
photographic recording materials. Such advantages
include improved speed -granularity relationships,
increased photographic sensitivity, higher contrast
for a given degree of grain size dispersity, higher
separations of blue and minus blue speeds, less image
variance as a function of processing time and/or
temperature variances, the capability of optimizing
light transmittance or reflectance as a function of
grain thickness, and reduced susceptibility to
background radiation or airport x-ray radiation damage
in very high speed emulsions.
2039726
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Silver halide coverages of high speed
recording materials that have adequate granularity,
regardless of the silver halide grain morphology,
degrade the sharpness of underlying layers to an
undesirable degree. The unrelenting demands for
reduced granularity in high speed films result in the
virtually complete use of light incident on the
photographic recording material. Accordingly, silver
halide emulsion coverages are, in practice, increased
to the point where further changes do not produce any
appreciable net benefit insofar as granularity is
concerned.
Sharpness loss results in part because the
recording material structure thickness allows
geometrical spread of high angle light to substantial
lateral distances. Large grain emulsions are often
very turbid at the coating levels necessary to give
acceptable granularity and image density, although
such difficulty can be minimized by the use of high
aspect ratio emulsions. Light scattering by
overlying layers creates a high angle light that
travels substantial lateral distances in a multilayer
photographic material, causing reduction of the
material's resolving power.
Further disadvantages accrue from both high
silver halide coverage and the resultant substantial-
ly diffuse light that is transmitted through the
multilayer photographic material. Increasing the
diffuseness of incident light encourages its
absorption by silver halide particles by increasing
the light's path length, or residence time, in the
layer. This increased interaction with the silver
halide particles provides some higher off-peak
absorption, but may not contribute usefully to
photographic speed. The absorption of off-peak
_4_ 2039726
light, which is undesirable since it results in color
contamination, is enhanced to an even greater extent.
Further, absorption of on-peak light by
overlying layers intercepts light desired to be
absorbed in underlying layers, since the incident
light is finite in quantity. Thus, the spectral
response of underlying layers can be substantially
distorted from their desirable, normal state by these
two processes. The broadened spectral response
produces less accurate color reproduction, and
reduced colorfulness of the rendered image.
Many of these interdependent problems of
multilayer photographic materials would be
ameliorated if thinner, less turbid silver halide
emulsion layers could be utilized. While there are
references to reduction in the level of silver or
gelatin in a color photographic silver halide
recording material, none of these references provide
an element in which reducing silver coverage is not
at the expense of one or more of speed, density,
exposure latitude contrast and/or granularity.
An early attempt to reduce silver coverage
involved using the silver image generated on
development as a catalyst in an amplification
process. Such processes are described in U.S.
Patents 3,674,490; 3,748,138 and 3,822,129, and are
referred to in U.S. Patent 4,439,520 cited above. The
goal of such materials and processes was to reduce the
amount of silver employed in the photographic element.
Improvements in photographic performance parameters,
such as granularity and color saturation, were not
obtained.
Attempts to obtain thin silver halide
emulsion layers exhibiting improved sensitivity, and
sharpness with reduced graininess, are described in
2039726
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Meyer et al European Patent Application No. 62202
published October 13, 1982. This application
positions a photosensitive silver halide emulsion
layer between color coupler layers which either do
not contain photosensitive silver halide or which
contain only silver halide of low sensitivity.
However, overall reduction in silver usage is not
realized.
Japanese Kokai No. 63-226651 seeks color
negative photographic materials having improved
sharpness and lowered sensitivity to background
radiation through reduced silver usage. However,
density is sacrificed at lower silver coverages.
U.S. Patent 4,818,667 describes use of
photographic recording materials having a total
thickness not greater than 18 ~m while preserving
image sharpness. However, this patent does not teach
reduction in silver usage while still maintaining
desired density values.
European Patent Application 311104 published
April 12, 1989, describes photographic recording
material having from 3.0 to g.o g/m2 of silver.
However, there is no indication that satisfactory
density values, adequate contrast or reduced
granularity values can be obtained with these
materials.
There remains a need for colour negative
photographic recording materials having thin layers
and low silver coverage and having improved
30 photographic performance without sacrificing speed.
Summary of the Invention
The present inventors have surprisingly
found that when certain silver halide emulsions are
used, the coverage of silver halide in an imaging unit
can be substantially reduced below that commonly
2ii~ 3~
_ --6--
employed in color negative silver halide photographic
elements without sacrificing image density, contrast
and graininess and without the need for a special
amplification process. This permits the preparation
of higher speed (IS0 speed > 100) color negative
photographic materials that provide performance equal
to or better than currently available color negative
materials at the same speed while at the same time
reducing the amount of silver in the element.
Thus, in one embodiment, this invention
provides a color negative photographic recording
material containing a support and at least two silver
halide emulsion imaging units sensitive to different
regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, each unit
containing a dye-forming coupler, at least one unit:
(a) comprises from 0.2 to 2.0 g/m2, based on
silver, of a silver halide emulsion wherein greater
than 50% of the projected area of the grains is
provided by tabular grains having a tabularity of
between 50 and 25,000;
(b) has a thickness of less than about 4.0 ~m;
(c) comprises no more than 2.0 parts by weight of
silver per part of coupler; and
(d) yields a maximum image dye density of at
least 2.0, when the recording material is exposed and
processed.
The color negative photographic recording
materials to which this invention relates typically
have an exposure latitude of 2.0 or greater and a
contrast (gamma) of 0.9 or less, but that is positive
in sign. Exposure latitude and contrast are defined
and measured as described in Strobel et al.,
Photoqraphic Materials and Processes, pp. 46-50, Focal
Press, Boston, 1986.
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2039726
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Some color photographic materials intended
for reversal processing may have been described as
containing silver levels and silver to coupler ratios
within the ranges described above. However, such
reversal materials are not useful as color negative
materials since they would not have the exposure
latitude and contrast required.
The results observed with the present
invention contradict the expectation that lowering
the silver halide emulsion coverage and forming a
thin layer would result in reduced image density in
the high speed materials of the type to which this
invention is directed. The use of less silver and
thinner layers leads to a number of advantages. The
sharpness of photographic images is substantially
improved, the transmission of light to underlying
layers is improved, the minus blue to blue speed
separation is enhanced, and sensitivity to higher
energy background radiation or X-ray radiation is
reduced.
The use of less silver results in the use of
less gelatin, and can result in the use of less
coupler, related solvents and/or dispersing agents.
This further contributes to the thinning of the layer
and provides lowered raw material costs. Thinner
photographic layers containing reduced silver levels
can lead to an increase in the transmission of
incident light as well as an improvement in the
partition of absorbed light among the spectrally
sensitized layers. Moreover, thinner photographic
layers containing reduced silver levels can lead to
reduced consumption of processing chemicals, notably
fixing agents, thereby reducing the cost of disposing
of these chemicals.
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20397 26
_ --8--
The tabular grain silver halide emulsions
that are useful in the present invention can be
comprised of silver bromide, silver chloride, silver
iodide, silver chlorobromide, silver chloroiodide.
silver bromoiodide, silver chlorobromoiodide or
mixtures thereof. These emulsions include (i) high
aspect ratio tabular grain emulsions and (ii) thin
intermediate aspect ratio tabular grain silver halide
emulsions. High aspect ratio tabular grain emulsions
are those which exhibit an average aspect ratio of
greater than 8:1. Thin, intermediate aspect ratio
emulsions are those in which the tabular grains have
an average thickness of less than 0.2 ~m and an
average aspect ratio ranging from 5:1 to 8:1. Such
emulsions are disclosed by Wilgus et al U.S. Patent
4,434,226, Daubendiek et al U.S. Patent 4,414,310,
Wey U.S. Patent 4,399,215, Solberg et al U.S. Patent
4,433,048, Mignot U.S. Patent 4,386,156, Evans et al
U.S. Patent 4,504,570, Maskasky U.S. Patent
4,400,463, Wey et al U.S. Patent 4,414,306, Maskasky
U.S. Patents 4,435,501 and 4,643,966 and Daubendiek
et al U.S. Patents 4,672,027 and 4,693,964. Also
specifically contemplated are those silver bromo-
iodide grains with a higher molar proportion of
iodide in the core than in the periphery of the
grain, such as those described in GB 1, 027,146; JA
54/48,521; US 4,379,837; U.S. 4,444,877; U.S.
4,665,614; U.S. 4,636,461; EP 264,954; and U.K.
patent application numbers 8916041.0 and 8916042.8,
both filed 13 July 1989, and entitled PROCESS OF
PREPARING A TABULAR GRAIN SILVER BROMOIODIDE EMULSION
AND EMULSIONS PRODUCED THEREBY. The silver halide
emulsions can be either monodisperse or polydisperse
203972~
_9_
as precipitated. The grain size distribution of the
emulsions can be controlled by techniques of
separation and blending of silver halide grains of
different types and sizes, including tabular grains,
as previously described in the art, for example, in
U.S. Patent No. 4,865,964, issued September 12, 1989,
entitled BLENDED EMULSIONS EXHIBITING IMPROVED
SPEED-GRANULARITY RELATIONSHIPS.
The high aspect ratio tabular grain
emulsions and the thin intermediate aspect ratio
tabular grain emulsions, as well as other emulsions
useful in this invention, can be characterized by a
relationship called lltabularityll, (T), which is
related to aspect ratio (AR). This relationship can
be defined by the following equations:
(1) AR = ecd
t
(2) T = AR = ecd
20t t2
where ecd is the average equivalent circular diameter
of the tabular grains, and t is the average thickness
of the tabular grains, where dimensions are measured
in micrometers.
Tabular grains are those having two
substantially parallel crystal faces, each of which
is substantially larger than any other single crystal
face of the grain. The term "substantially parallell'
as used herein is intended to include surfaces that
appear parallel on direct or indirect visual
inspection at 10,000 X magnification.
2039726
_
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The grain characteristics described above of
the silver halide emulsions of this invention can be
readily ascertained by procedures well known to those
skilled in the art. The equivalent circular diameter
of the grain is defined as the diameter of a circle
having an area equal to the projected area of the
grain as viewed in a photomicrograph, or an electron
micrograph, of an emulsion sample. From shadowed
electron micrographs of emulsion samples it is
possible to determine the thickness and the diameter
of each grain as well as the tabular nature of the
grain. From these measurements the average
thickness, the average ecd, and the tabularity can be
calculated.
The projected areas of the tabular silver
halide grains meeting the tabularity criteria can be
summed. The projected areas of the remaining silver
halide grains in the photomicrograph can be
separately summed. From the two sums the percentage
of the total projected area of the silver halide
grains provided by the tabular grains meeting the
tabularity criteria can be calculated.
Good results are obtained when the tabular
grain emulsion has a tabularity of from 50 to 25,000;
preferred are elements in which at least one
of the emulsions has a tabularity of from 100 to
5,000; and
especially preferred are elements that
employ an emulsion with a tabularity of from 100 to
2,500
2039 7 26
_
As used herein, the term "unit" refers to
all of the layers in the element intended to record
radiation in a given region of the spectrum and form
a corresponding dye image. It will be appreciated
that each imaging unit can be comprised of one or
more silver halide emulsion layers sensitive to the
same region of the spectrum. It is common with high
speed color negative materials of the type to which
this invention relates, for each unit to be composed
of 2 or 3 layers, which can be adjacent or not. At
least one of the layers in the unit is, as indicated
above, comprised of a silver halide emulsion in which
greater than 50% of the projected area is provided by
silver halide grains having a tabularity of 50 to
25,000. Preferably, if the unit is comprised of more
than one layer, this emulsion is in the most
sensitive of the layers, although other of the
layers, or all of the layers, can be comprised of an
emulsion with a tabularity of 50 to 25,000. The
emulsion(s) employed in the other layer(s) can be a
non-tabular emulsion or a tabular emulsion that does
not satisfy the tabularity criteria enumerated above
so long as the projected area criterion for the unit
is satisfied. If desired, other silver halide
emulsions can be blended with the high tabularity
emulsion, so long as the projected area criterion is
satisfied.
The silver halide in these other emulsions
can, as with the tabular emulsion, be comprised of
silver bromide, silver chloride, silver iodide, and
mixtures of halides such as silver bromoiodide, silver
chlorobromide and silver chlorobromoiodide.
Especially preferred silver halides, for all of the
emulsions in the element, are silver bromoiodides.
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Preferred proportions of iodide are from 3 to 12 mole
percent although lesser or greater (up to the limit
of iodide solubility in bromide) proportions of
iodide can be used. When mixed halides are used in
the emulsion grain, the proportions of the halide can
be uniform throughout the grain, or the proportions
can vary continuously or discontinuously across the
diameter of the grain, as in core-shell or multiple
structure grains.
The amount of silver halide in the imaging
unit of this invention is from 0.2 to 2.0 g/m2,
based on silver. When the color photographic
recording unit has two or more silver halide layers
of different sensitivities to the same region of the
visible spectrum it is preferred that the more
sensitive layer comprise from about 0.10 to about 1.0
g/m2 of silver, and the less sensitive layer or
layers comprise sufficient silver to meet the total
unit imaging requirement as noted above. Preferably,
the more sensitive layer can comprise from about 0.20
to about 0.6 g/m2 of silver.
One of the features of the photographic
recording materials of this invention is the
reduction made possible in silver-to-coupler ratio.
For example, conventional color negative photographic
recording materials utilize a substantial excess of
silver as compared to coupler so that a ratio of
about 3 parts of silver per part of coupler is
commonplace. Utilization of the instant invention
permits use of at least one-third less silver using
the same amount of image coupler. Thus, the silver
to coupler ratio is 2.0 to 1 or less by weight and
can go as low as 0.5 to 1 or lower. Preferably, the
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2039726
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element employs a silver to coupler ratio in the
range of 0.8:1 to 1.5:1. In determining silver to
coupler ratio all of the compounds that couple with
oxidized developing agents that are in the unit are
counted whether or not they contribute to image
density.
Gelatin is commonly used as a vehicle to
suspend silver halide grains and prevent their
formation of clumps. Reduction in the amount of
silver and the use of lower silver to coupler ratios
than heretofore leads to use of less binder or
vehicle.
With this invention it is possible to reduce
gelatin usage by greater than 50%, of that commonly
used while retaining desirable image features and
obtaining manufacturing and ecological advantages.
For example, typical cyan and magenta imaging units
in color negative photographic materials contain 2 to
3.3 g/m of gelatin. With the instant invention it
is also possible to reduce the level of gelatin usage
to about 0.5 to 1.5 g/m .
The improvements made possible by the use of
the above described tabular silver halide grains
coupled with reductions in the amounts of silver
halide and of gelatin lead to an appreciably thinner
light sensitive recording unit. Thus, color-forming
units of this invention have thicknesses of less than
4.0 ~m, with units as thin as 2.0 ~m, or less being
possible. Preferred color-forming units have
thicknesses in the range of 2.5 to 3.5 ~m. In
measuring unit thickness only the dye-forming silver
halide layers are included.
20397~1i
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As is typical of color negative materials, the
photographic elements of this invention preferably
contain a development inhibitor releasing coupler,
especially in the higher speed layer of a given
unit. Typical DIR couplers are described in U.S.
Patents 3,148,062; 3,227,554; 3,617,291; 4,095,984;
4,248,962; 4,409,323; 4,477,563; and 4,782,012.
Inasmuch as improvements in photographic
performance become more difficult to achieve as the
speed of the material is increased, the advantages of
this invention are particularly applicable to the
higher speed materials, i.e. 100 IS0 and greater.
The advantages become especially significant for
materials having speeds of 400 to about 6400 IS0.
The photographic recording materials of this
invention are multicolor color elements that contain
dye imaging units sensitive to different regions of
the electromagnetic spectrum. Each unit can be
comprised of a single silver halide emulsion layer or
of multiple emulsion layers sensitive to a given
region of the spectrum. The layers of the element,
including the layers of the image-forming units, can
be arranged in various orders as is known in the art,
for example, from U.S. Patents 4,400,463 and
4,599,302.
Typically the element comprises imaging
units that yield a cyan, magenta and yellow dye image
and the silver halide associated with each unit is
sensitized to the complementary region of the
electromagnetic spectrum. However, one or more of
the silver halide layers can be false sensitized to a
region of the spectrum that is not the complement of
the dye produced by the coupler with which it is
-
203~72~
~.
-15-
associated. For example, one, two, or three of the
imaging units can be sensitized to different portions
of the infrared region of the spectrum.
At least one of the imaging units of the
element is an imaging unit having the characteristics
defined above. It is preferred that this unit be a
magenta dye-forming unit or a cyan dye forming unit
since the visual information provided by each of
these units is of greater significance than that
provided by the yellow dye forming unit. In a
preferred embodiment, both of these imaging units
have the characteristics described above.
A typical multicolor photographic recording
material comprises a support bearing a cyan dye
image-forming unit comprising at least one
red-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer having
associated therewith at least one cyan dye-forming
coupler, a magenta image forming unit comprising at
least one green-sensitive silver halide emulsion
layer having associated therewith at least one
magenta dye-forming coupler and a yellow dye
image-forming unit comprising at least one
blue-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer having
associated therewith at least one yellow dye-forming
coupler. In addition to the coupler that forms a dye
complementary to the sensitization of the associated
silver halide emulsion, the layer can contain one or
more non-complementary couplers in order to modify
perceived photographic performance. The recording
material is coated on a support and can contain
additional layers, such as filter layers, image
modifier layers, interlayers, overcoat layers,
subbing layers, and the like.
-~ -16- ~033~2~
The maximum image density of at least 2.0 is
obtained by processing the element in the way it is
intended to be used. Image density refers to the
density range between Dmin and Dmax of the exposed
and processed element. This would be one of the
common color negative processes used to develop color
negative amateur and motion picture films such as the
ECN-2 or C-41 process. A typical process is
described in the 1988 Annual of the British Journal
of Photography pages 196-198, and is as follows:
(1). develop for 3 minutes, 15 seconds at
37.8C in a solution comprising:
Potassium carbonate, anhydrous 34.30 g
Potassium bicarbonate 2.32 g
15 Sodium sulfite, anhydrous 0.38 g
Sodium metabisulfite 2.78 g
Potassium iodide 1.20 mg
Sodium bromide 1.31 g
Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid
pentasodium salt (40% solution) 8.43 g
Hydroxylamine sulfate 2.41 g
Kodak Color Developing Agent 4.52 g
CD-4 {2-[(4-amino-3-methylphenyl)
ethylamino]ethanol sulfate}
25 Water to make 1 liter
pH @ 26C 10.0 +/- 0.05
(2). bleach for 4 minutes at a temperature
of 37.8C in a solution comprising:
2039726
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Ammonium bromide 50.00 g
1,3 Propanediaminetetraacetic
acid 30.27 g
Ammonium hydroxide (28%)
ammonia 35.20 g
Ferric nitrate nonahydrate 36.40 g
Glacial acetic acid 26.50 g
1,3 diamino-2-propanoltetra-
acetic acid 1.00 g
Ammonium ferric EDTA (1.56M,
pH 7.05, 44% wt.) (contains
10% molar excess EDTA,
3.5% wt.) 149.00 g
Water to make 1 liter
(3). wash with water for 3 minutes at
35-36C;
(4). fix for 4 minutes at a temperature of
37.8OC in a solution comprising:
Ammonium thiosulfate (58% solution)214.00 g
(less than 1% ammonium sulfite)
(Ethylenedinitrilo)tetraacetic acid di-
sodium salt, dihydrate 1.29 g
Sodium metabisulfite 11.00 g
Sodium hydroxide (50% solution) 4.70 g
Water to make 1 liter
pH of 6.5 + 0.15;
(5). wash with water for 3 minutes at 35-
36C; and
(6). stabilize for 1 minute at 37. 8C in a
solution comprising:
Formaldehyde (37% solution, 12~ 3.60 g
methanol)
Polyalkoxylate dimethylpolysiloxane0.83 g
Water to make 1 liter
~ -18- 2039726
w In the following discussion of suitable
materials for use in the recording materials of this
invention, reference will be made to Research
Disclosure, December 1978, Item 17643, published by
Kenneth Mason Publications, Ltd., Dudley Annex, 12a
North Street Emsworth Hampshire P010 7DQ, ENGLAND.
- This publication will be identified
hereafter by the term "Research Disclosure".
Sensitizing compounds, such as compounds of
copper, thallium, lead, bismuth, cadmium, selenium,
iridium and other Group VIII noble metals, can be
present during precipitation of the silver halide
emulsions.
The silver halide emulsions can be
chemically sensitized. Noble metal (e.g., gold),
middle chalcogen (e.g., sulfur, selenium, or
tellurium), and reduction sensitizers, employed
individually or in combination, are specifically
contemplated. Typical chemical sensitizers are
listed in Research Disclosure, Item 17643, cited
above, Section III. The chemical sensitization can
be accomplished in the presence of finish modifiers
such as those described in U.S. Patent 4,578,348.
The silver halide emulsions can be
spectrally sensitized with dyes from a variety of
classes, including the polymethine dye class, which
includes the cyanines, merocyanines, complex cyanines
and merocyanines (i.e., tri-, tetra-, and
poly-nuclear cyanines and merocyanines), oxonols,
hemioxonols, styryls, merostyryls, and strepto-
cyanines. Illustrative spectral sensitizing dyes are
disclosed in Research Disclosure~ Item 17643, cited
above, Section IV.
Suitable vehicles for the emulsion layers
and other layers of elements of this invention are
.~
i,
2039726
--19--
described in Research Disclosure Item 17643, Section
IX and the publications cited therein.
Couplers useful in this invention can be
polymeric or nonpolymeric. Typical cyan dye forming
couplers that are useful in this invention are
phenols and naphthols. Typical magenta dye forming
couplers are pyrazolones and pyrazoloazoles. Typical
yellow dye forming couplers are acetoacetanilides and
benzoylacetanilides. Such dye image-forming
couplers, which can be of the one, two or four
equivalent type and can be coated in or adjacent to
silver halide emulsion layers to be free to react
with oxidized developing agent to form the desired
image. Minor amounts of couplers which form
different colored images may be incorporated within
the dye forming units of the present invention. For
example, the addition of a small amount of a cyan
coupler to a magenta dye forming layer will alter the
hue of the resulting magenta image. In addition, the
imaging unit can contain image modifying couplers and
compounds which release development inhibitor
moieties, development accelerator moieties or bleach
accelerating moieties. These moieties are released
from such compounds, or from a timing group contained
within such compounds, as the result of processing.
The photographic recording materials of this
invention can contain brighteners (Research
Disclosure Section V), antifoggants and stabilizers
(Research Disclosure Section VI), antistain agents
and image dye stabilizers (Research Disclosure
Section VII, paragraphs I and J), light absorbing and
scattering materials (Research disclosure Section
VIII), hardeners (Research Disclosure Section XI),
plasticizers and lubricants (Research Disclosure
Section XII), matting agents (Research Disclosure
Section XVI) and development modifiers (Research
- - -
-20- 2039726
Disclosure Section XXI). The photographic materials
can have incorporated therein developing agents to
render them suitable for activation processing as
described in U.S. Patent 3,342,599.
The photographic recording materials can be
coated on a variety of supports as described in
Research Disclosure Section XVII and the references
described therein.
Photographic recording materials can be
exposed to actinic radiation, typically in the
visible region of the spectrum, to form a latent
image as described in Research Disclosure Section
XVIII and then processed to form a visible dye image
as described in Research Disclosure Section XIX.
Processing to form a visible dye image includes the
step of contacting the element with a color
developing agent to reduce developable silver halide
and oxidize the color developing agent. Oxidized
color developing agent in turn reacts with the
coupler to yield a dye.
The following examples further illustrate
this invention.
A series of color negative, incorporated
coupler photographic materials were prepared by
coating the following layers in order, on a cellulose
triacetate film support. The physical properties of
the emulsions utilized, the unit silver coverages,
silver to coupler ratio, and unit thickness of the
magenta units are described in Tables I and II which
follow the description of the preparation of the
photographic materials.
A first photographic recording material of
the invention was prepared by coating the following
layers, in order1 on a cellulose triacetate film
support bearing a layer of black colloidal silver sol
at 0.30 g/m2 and gelatin at 2.44 g/m2. The
material was designated Element I.
~ -21- 2039726
Element I (Invention)
Layer l Slow Cyan Layer - comprising red-æensitized
tabular silver bromoiodide grains (3.9 mole
% I ) at 0.70 gAg/m2, gelatin at 1.61
g/m2, cyan image-forming coupler A at 0.54
g/m2, DIR coupler B at 0.0043 g/m2,
masking coupler C at 0.068 g/m2, and
antifoggant 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-
1,3,3a,7-tetraazaindene at 0.012 g/m2.
Layer 2 Fast Cyan Layer - comprising faster
red-sensitized tabular silver bromoiodide
grains (4.0 mole % I ) at 0.65 gAg/m2,
gelatin at 1.15 g/m2, cyan image-forming
coupler D at 0.29 g/m , masking coupler C
at 0.029 g/m , and antifoggant
4-hydroxy-6-methyl- 1,3,3a,7-tetraazaindene
at 0.011 g/m .
Layer 3 Interlayer - comprising gelatin at 0.65
g/m2 and oxidized developer scavenger
didodecylhydroquinone at 0.054 g/m2.
Layer 4 Slow Magenta Layer - comprising
green-sensitized tabular silver bromoiodide
grains (2.4 mole % I ) at 0.52 gAg/m2,
gelatin at 1.16 g/m2, image-forming
couplers E at 0.30 g/m2 and F at 0.13
g/m2, DIR coupler B at 0.027 g/m2,
masking coupler G at 0.069 g/m2, and
antifoggant 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-
1,3,3a,7-tetraazaindene at 0.008 g/m2.
Layer 5 Fast Magenta Layer - comprising faster
green-sensitized tabular silver bromoiodide
grains (4.0 mole ~/O I ) at 0.39 gAg/m2,
gelatin at 0.60 g/m2, image-forming
couplers E at 0.075 g/m and F at 0.032
g/m2, DIR coupler H at 0.006 g/m2,
masking coupler G at 0.017 g/m2, and
2039726
_ -22-
antifoggant 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-
1,3,3a,7-tetraazaindene at 0.006 g/m2.
Layer 6 Yellow Filter Layer - comprising gelatin at
0.65 g/m2, Carey Lea silver at 0.022
g/m2, and oxidized developer scavenger
didodecylhydroquinone at 0.054 g/m2.
Layer 7 Slow Yellow Layer - comprising blue-
sensitized tabular silver bromoiodide grains
(4.2 mole % I ) at 0.32 gAg/m2, gelatin
at 1.61 g/m2, image-forming coupler I at
1.08 g/m2, DIR coupler J at 0.065 g/m2,
and antifoggant 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-
1,3,3a,7-tetraazaindene at 0.008 g/m2.
Layer 8 Fast Yellow Layer - comprising faster
blue-sensitized tabular silver bromoiodide
grains (3.0 mole % I ) at 0.59 gAg/m2,
gelatin at 1.20 g/m2, image-forming
coupler I at 0.43 g/m2, DIR coupler J at
0.032 g/m2, and antifoggant 4-hydroxy-
6-methyl-1,3,3a,7-tetraazaindene at 0.009
glm2 .
Layer 9 Protective Overcoat and W Filter Layer -
comprising gelatin at 1.22 g/m2, silver
bromide Lippmann emulsion at 0.11 g/m2, W
absorbers at 0.23 g/m2, and bis(vinyl-
sulfonyl)methane added at 2.0% of total
gelatin weight.
Element II (Invention)
A second photographic recording material of the
invention, designated Element II, was prepared in a
similar manner to Element I. The following
modifications were made in the magenta dye forming
unit.
Layer 4 Slow Magenta Layer - DIR Coupler B was
reduced to 0.019 g/m2.
-23- 2039726
Layer 5 Fast Magenta Layer - the coverage of the
faster green-sensitized tabular silver
bromoiodide grains was increased to 0.65
gAg/m2, gelatin increased to 0.97 g/m2
and DIR coupler H was 0.011 g/m2.
A third color photographic recording
material of the invention, designated Element III,
for color negative development was prepared by
applying the following layers in the given sequence
to a transparent support of cellulose triacetate.
All silver halide emulsions were stabilized with 2
grams of 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-1,3,3a,7-tetraazaindene
per mole of silver.
Element III (Invention)
Layer 1 (Antihalation Layer) Black colloidal silver
sol containing 0.236 g/m2 of silver and 2.44 g/m2
gelatin.
Layer 2 Slow Cyan Layer - Comprising red-sensitized
silver iodobromide emulsion (4 mol % I ) at 0.194
g/m2, red-sensitized silver iodobromide emulsion (4
mol % I ) at 0.280 g/m2, cyan dye-forming image
coupler D at 0.463 g/m2, DIR compound B at 0.032
g/m2, BAR compound N at 0.020 g/m2, with gelatin
at 1.053 g/m2.
2039726
- -24-
Layer 3 Fast Cyan Layer - Comprising red-sensitized
silver iodobromide emulsion (4.1 mol % I ) at 0.495
g/m , cyan dye-forming image coupler D at 0.183
g/m2, DIR compound B at 0.019 g/m2, BAR compound
N at 0.016 g/m2, with gelatin at 0.720 g/m2.
Layer 4 (Interlayer) Comprising oxidized developer
scavenger didodecylhydroquinone at 0.054 g/m2, dye
MD - 1 at 0 107 g/m , and dye YD - 1 0.150 g/m with
0.645 g/m of gelatin.
Layer 5 Slow Magenta Layer - Comprising
green-sensitized silver iodobromide emulsion (2.6 mol
% I )at 0.204 g/m2, green-sensitized silver
iodobromide emulsion (3 mol % I at 0.065 g/m2,
magenta dye-forming image coupler E at 0.151 g/m2,
magenta dye-forming image coupler F at 0.194 g/m2,
DIR compound B at 0.012 g/m2 with gelatin at
0.613 g/m2.
Layer 6 Fast Magenta Layer - Comprising
green-sensitized silver iodobromide emulsion (4 mol /O
I ) at 0.430 g/m2, magenta dye-forming image
coupler E at 0.0425, magenta dye-forming image
coupler F at 0.043 g/m2, DIR compound H at 0.0097
g/m with gelatin at 0.527 g/m2.
2039726
_ -25-
Layer 7 (Interlayer) Comprising oxidized developer
scavenger didodecylhydroquinone at 0.54 g/m2,
yellow colloidal silver at 0.022 g/m2 with 0.645
g/m2Of gelatin.
Layer 8 Slow Layer - Comprising blue-sensitized
silver iodobromide emulsion (4 mol % I ) at 0.322
g/m , yellow dye-forming image coupler I at 0.613
g/m2, DIR compound J at 0.0194 g/m2,
2-propargylamino-benzoxazole at 0.043 mg/m2 with
gelatin at 0.914 g/m2.
Layer 9 Fast Yellow Layer - Comprising
blue-sensitized silver iodobromide emulsion (3 mole %
I ) at 0.409 g/m , yellow dye-forming image
coupler I at 0.226 g/m2, DIR compound J at 0.0097
g/m2, 2-propargylamino-
benzoxazole at 0.043 mg/m2 with gelatin at
0.645 g/m2.
Layer 10 (Protective Layer 1) 0.967 g/m of
gelatin, 0.108 g/m2 of dye UV-l, 0.118 g/m2 of
dye W-2.
Layer 11 (Protective Layer 2) Unsensitized silver
bromide Lippman emulsion at 0.108 g/m2, anti-matte
polymethylmethacrylate beads at 0.025 g/m2, gelatin
at 0.54 g/m2 with 2% by weight to total gelatin of
hardener H-l.
A comparative control color negative photographic
recording material designated Element IV, that is
known to produce IS0 400 speed~ was
-26- 2039726
coated in an analogous fashion on a cellulose
triacetate support bearing an antihalation layer in
the layer order recited:
Layer 1 Slow Cyan Layer - comprising a blend of
three red-sensitized silver bromoiodide
grains, a medium size tabular grain emulsion
(6.0 mole % I ) at 0.91 gAg/m2, a
smaller tabular grain emulsion (3.0 mole %
I ) at 0.28 gAg/m2 and a non-tabular
grain emulsion (4.8 mole % I ) at 0.97
gAg/m2, gelatin at 2.59 g/m2, cyan
image-forming coupler A at 0.72 g/m2, DIR
coupler K at 0.044 g/m2, masking coupler C
at 0.054 g/m , bleach accelerator
releasing coupler N at 0.075 g/m2, and
antifoggant 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-
1,3,3a,7-tetraazaindene at 0.071 g/m2.
Layer 2 Fast Cyan Layer - comprising faster
red-sensitized tabular silver bromoiodide
grains (6.0 mole % I ) at 1.29 gAg/m2,
gelatin at 1.73 g/m2, cyan image-forming
coupler D at 0.23 g/m2, DIR coupler K at
0.043 g/m , masking coupler C at
0.043 g/m and antifoggant 4-hydroxy-
6-methyl-1,3,3a,7-tetraazaindene at 0.043
g/m2 .
Layer 3 Interlayer - comprising gelatin at 1.29
g/m2 and dye YD-l at 0.031 g/m2.
Layer 4 Slow Magenta Layer - comprising a blend of
green-sensitized silver bromoiodide grains,
tabular silver bromoiodide grains (3.0
mole % I ) at 0.38 gAg/m2, non-tabular
silver bromoiodide grains (4 . 8 mole % I )
at 0.81 g/m2, gelatin at 2.15 g/m2,
image- forming coupler F at 0.59 g/m2, DIR
~ ~ 2039726
-27-
coupler H at 0.011 g/m , masking coupler G
at 0.059 g/m2, and antifoggant 4-hydroxy-
6-methyl-1,3,3a,7-tetraazaindene at 0.019
glm2 .
Layer 5 Fast Magenta Layer - comprising faster
green-sensitized tabular silver bromoiodide
grains (6.0 mole % I ) at 1.23 gAg/m2,
gelatin at 1.80 g/m2, image-forming
coupler F at 0.17 g/m , DIR coupler H at
0.011 g/m2, masking coupler G at 0.028
g/m2, and antifoggant 4-hydroxy-5-
methyl-1,3,3a,7-tetraazaindene at 0.015
glm2 .
Layer 6 Yellow Filter Layer - comprising gelatin at
1.29 g/m2, and Cary Lea silver at 0.022
glm2 .
Layer 7 Slow Yellow Layer - comprising blue-
sensitized tabular silver bromoiodide grains
(6.0 mole % I ) grains at 0.75 gAg/m2,
gelatin at 2.27 g/m , image-forming
coupler L at 1.58 g/m , DIR coupler M at
0.083 g/m2, antifoggant 4-hydroxy-6-
methyl-1,3,3a,7-tetraazaindene at 0.012
glm2 .
Layer 8 Fast Yellow Layer - comprising faster
blue-sensitized low aspect ratio silver
bromoiodide grains (9.0 mole ~ I ) at 0.74
g/m2, gelatin at 1.60 g/m2, image-forming
coupler L at 0.23 g/m2, and antifoggant 4-
hydroxy-6-methyl-1,3,3a,7-tetraazaindene at
0.012 g/m2.
Layer 9 Protective Overcoat and W Filter Layer -
comprising gelatin at 1.15 g/m2, silver
bromide Lippmann emulsion at 0.22 gAg/m2 and
bis(vinylsulfonyl)methane added at 2.0~ of
total gelatin weight.
X
` -
2039726
TABLE I.
PROPERTIES OF EMULSIONS
Silver Mean Mean
10 Magenta Coverage ecd t AR T
Unit gAg/m2 (~m) (~m)
Element I (Inv)
Fast Layer 0.39 1.94 0.085 23 270
15 Slow Layer 0.51 0.75 0.089 8.4 95
Element II (Inv)
Fast Layer 0.65 1.94 0.085 23 270
Slow Layer 0.52 0.75 0.089 8.4 95
Element III (Inv)
Fast Layer 0.43 1.97 0.079 25 316
Slow Layer (Blend) 0.065 1.21 0.081 15 184
0.20 0.64 0.089 7.2 81
Element IV (Control)
Fast Layer 1.18 2.9 0.14 21 150
25 Slow Layer(Blend) 0.25 1.2 0.13 9.2 71
0.08 0.68 0.11 6.2 56
0.86 0.32 - <3
Yellow Unit of
Element III (Inv)
30 Fast 0.41 2.6 0.12 22 183
Slow 0.32 0.90 0.10 9 90
20397 26
-29-
TABLE II.
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION AND INGREDIENT
COVERAGES OF TEE MAGENTA UNITS OF THE
MULTICOLOR PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS
Unit Unit Unit
Silver Silver/ Thickness
(g/m2) Coupler Ratio (~m)
Magenta Unit of
Element I (Inv) 0.90 1.39 3.2
Element II (Inv) 1.17 1.79 3.5
Element III (Inv) 0.70 1.44 2.2
Element IV (Control) 2.36 2.78 6.0
Yellow Unit of
Element III (Inv) 0.73 0.85 3.2
2039726
-30-
The above described photographic elements
were evaluated to determine photographic performance
as reported in Table III. In one evaluation, each
element was exposed for 1/100 of a second to a 600W,
3000K tungsten light source that was filtered by a
Daylight Va filter to 5500K through a graduated
0-4.0 density step tablet to determine minimum
density and gamma. In another evaluation each
element was exposed as the first, except that the
exposure time was 0.2 second, to allow determination
of the maximum density. In another evaluation, each
element was exposed at 0.2 second and a green Wratten
99 filter was added in order to assess the separation
exposure gamma and maximum density. To determine the
rms granularity, by the method described in H.C.
Schmitt, Jr. and J. H. Altman, Applied Optics 9, pp.
871-874, April 1970, each element was exposed as in
the first evaluation, except the filter pack
contained a 0.6 neutral density and the 0-4.0 density
step tablet was replaced by a 0-3.0 density step
tablet and matte glass diffuser.
The sharpness measurements were made by
determining the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) by
the procedure described in Journal of Applied
Photo~raphic En ineering, 6 (1):1-8, 1980. Modulation
Transfer Functions for red light were obtained by
exposing each element for 1/15 second at 60%
modulation using 70 B and 20 C KODAK Color
Compensating Filters, and a 0.2 neutral density
filter.
The exposed samples were developed for 3.25
minutes in the 6-step development process described
above on pages 16 and 17. The processed film strips
2~3`97~
_ -31-
were then evaluated for speed, contrast, net maximum
density (Dmax minus Dmin) for both white light and
green light exposures and granularity for the magenta
color-forming unit. The 35 mm System Cascaded
Modulation Transfer (AMT) Acutance Ratings are
reported in Table III for the cyan color-forming
unit. The results are shown in Table III.
-
203~726
~q o
,~ . . . . .
.,, ,, ,,
.c .
E~
a~
~ C ~
h ~ t~ O
H ~ ~
p ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a~ ~ O
~; c~ ~ ~ C~l a~
c~ ~ ~ ~ ~ X CJ`
~ o ~
c
IY
o ,, ~ ~ a
Y ~ G
O _I `D
N ~ c~ E
~ ~ o o o o o
H H ~ O O O O ~ 1
H ~ ~ r3 ~
H P~ P _~~e
0
y cC ~ u~
,~ 3 E~ X
~_~ ~ r3 ~ O ~ o u~ ~ ~ rn
1 0 ~ U~ I_
ra O ~y . . . . ,~ r
3 ~ ~ ~ c~ ~ O
~ ~ a~ u, +
C Z
O X
r_~ ~ o a~ 1-- ~`I ~ ~J _1
O~:4 0 ~ ~ _1 _I OD
u~ X
e ~
rn ~ 3
O
o
~O C~ ~ `D O
O O O O O O r :~
rJ
O ~
rn
~0 0 - ~
0 11 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ O
~ ~ ~ O ~1
r~
H ~ H c~ O
H H ~ ~I H
H H H H ~ ~ H C~
_~ p ~ O
I ~ V ~ O
C ^C -~ C C ~ 3 ~ ~J
E ~~ ~ E :~ E3 C ~ e ~ a~
a) ca~ C a C ~ O ~ ~ E~
HH H H H
-33- 2039726
The construction of a thin color magenta color
forming unit containing tabular grain silver halide
emulsions of the preferred grain tabularity according
to the present invention is shown to provide improved
sharpness in underlying emulsion layers while
improving or maintaining sensitivity, contrast,
maximum density and granularity at substantially
exposure latitude, reduced silver coverage.
10 Structures
Coupler A
OH
~NHCONH~ ---CN
I 3 =-
n-C4H9CHCONH ~.
~: \ /C5~11-t
t
C5Hll t
Coupler B
OH
. 1~ ~CONH--~ ~-
0~; 4H2 9
~ ~ xN2
I~ ,a
CH2 S--
N-~
~1
-
2039726
~_ --34--
Coupler C
OH
C--NE--CE2--CE2--CEz CE2 \ _ / 5
10 I~lO 8
`I~ `0'
Coupler D
NHCNH--~ CN
20 HO~ \o
~t' `o~
f ~./ \OCH3
fHC4H9--n
C5Hll t
C5Hl 1 t
~35~ 2039726
Coupler E
IC8El7 n
n C12H25--lCH--NHcocH2cH2co2H
~/ ~H
CH
Cl
10 Coupler F
NH
~` t ~N
(CH12)3
I~ O
T
NH
C=O
I HC 1 oH2 1
~\
I~,O
SO2
I~;`O
OH
-36-
2039726
Coupler G
/Cl
5 Cl-~ C~ _
Cl t ~H--\ ~
Il _ \NHCOCHO-- ~ ~ --O
OCH3
Coupler H
O _
t-C5H~ OCH- e
15 =- \ C2H5 =- o~
C5Hll-t ~ -
~C~
Coupler I
O O C~,
CH30~ --eCHeNH--~ ~-
~ CC12H25
C2H50 CH2 ~ _
-37- 20397 26
Coupler J
O O C~
(cH3)3cecHeNH~
NHS2C16E33 n
c--s--.~
N02 CH2COOC3H7-n
Coupler K
OH
~.\ ,l~ /CONH--~ ~-
~;=4H29
~l~ ,CH2NCH(CH3)2
t c=o
NO
L`l
Coupler L
O O C~
(CH3)3CecHeNH--
=-\
1 NHS02C16H33
~ \
S2~ -OH
--38--
Coupler M 2039726
N~ ~N--CH--CNH~ CH3 O
o~COCH COC12H25--a 2
COO--~ ~-
10 Coupler N
OH
~ ~ ~t~ C5Xll t
SCH2CH2COOH
O Cl\
YD--1 ( CH3 ) 3C--C--C--C--NH--\ ~-
N NHSO2C16H33 n
~ /
Nl--C2H5
CH2CH20H
39 20 3 9 726
MD-l C~ \a/Cl
~lO~ NEe.~
ll \NH--C--CH2--O--~~- CSHll
C~ C5 ~ l-t
~-\ / 3
I--C2H5
CH2CH20H
W -1 (C6H13)2-N-CH=CH-CH=C(CN)2
W -2 CH30--~ ~--cH=c(cN)co2c3~7
H-l CH2-(-S02-CH=CH2)2
As further illustration of the ability of
high tabularity emulsions, coated in thin layers and
at low silver to coupler ratios, to produce a maximum
image dye density of at least 2.0, a series of twenty
bicolor incorporated coupler photographic coatings
were prepared. The series was composed of five
different silver bromoiodide (4.0 mole % I) emulsions
of varying physical properties (three within and two
outside the invention~ having appro~imately the same
surface area per grain to obtain equal spectrally
sensitized speed. Each of the five emulsions was
coated in four separate
2039726
-40-
element types which differed in the amount of
material in the magenta unit. Three provided
elements having unit silver, silver/coupler ratio,
and thickness values of the invention and the fourth
serves as a control. The materials were prepared by
coating the following layers in order, on a cellulose
triacetate film support having an antihalation layer
on the opposite side.
Element A (Invention)
Layer 1 Cyan Layer - comprising a blend of three
red-sensitized silver bromoiodide grains, a
medium size tabular grain emulsion (6.0 mole
/O I ) at 0.91 gAg/m2, a smaller tabular
grain emulsion (3.0 mole % I ) at 0.28
gAg/m2 and a non-tabular grain emulsion
(4.8 mole % I ) at 0.97 gAg/m2, gelatin
at 2.59 g/m , cyan image forming coupler A
at 0.72 g/m , DIR coupler K at 0.044
g/m2, masking coupler C at 0.054 g/m2,
bleach accelerator releasing coupler N at
0.075 g/m2, and antifoggant
4-hydroxy-6-methyl-1,3,3a,7-tetraazaindene
at 0.071 g/m .
Layer 2 Interlayer - comprising gelatin at
1.29 g/m .
Layer 3 Magenta Layer - comprising one of the five
green-sensitizing silver bromoiodide
emulsions (4.0 mole % I ) described in
Table I at 0.49 gAg/m2, gelatin at 1.30
g/m2, and image forming coupler E at 0.49
glm .
203~7~6
_ -41-
Layer 4 Protective Overcoat - comprising gelatin at
1.08 g/m2 with 2.0% by weight to total
gelatin of hardener E-l.
Element B (Invention)
A second photographic recording material,
designated Element B, was prepared in a similar
manner to Element A with the following modifications
to the Magenta dye forming unit.
Layer 3 Magenta Layer - green-sensitized silver
bromoiodide emulsion was increased to 0.72
gAg/m2. Gelatin was increased to 1.86
g/m2, and image forming coupler E was
increased to 0.72 gAg/m2.
Element C (Invention)
A third photographic recording material,
designated Element C, was prepared in a similar
manner to Element A with the following modifications
to the Magenta dye forming unit.
Layer 3 Magenta Layer - green-sensitized silver
bromoiodide emulsion was increased to 1.00
gAg/m2. Gelatin was increased to 1.95
glm2 .
Element D (Control)
A fourth photographic recording material,
designated Element D, was prepared in a similar
manner to Element A with the following modifications
to the Magenta dye forming unit.
2039726
_ -42-
Layer 3 Magenta Layer - green-sensitized silver
bromoiodide emulsion was increased to 1.73
gAg/m2. Gelatin was increased to 2.91
glm .
The photographic elements were exposed for 1/10
of a second to a 600W, 3000K tungsten light source
that was filtered by a Daylight Va filter to 5500K
and a green Wratten 99 filter through a graduated
0-4.0 density step tablet, and they were processed
for 3.25 minutes under the conditions described
above. The film strips were then evaluated for net
maximum density (Dmax-Dmin).
The data in Table VI show that in order to get
useful maximum density with low tabularity emulsions,
it is necessary to use higher levels of silver and
silver to coupler ratio which leads to thicker
coatings.
20397 26
-43-
TABLE IV
10PROPERTIES OF EMULSIONS
Emulsion Mean Mean ART Surface Area/Grain
ecd t (~m2)
(~m) (~m)
(Inv) 1.97 0.079 25 316 6.66
(Inv) 1.70 0.090 19 210 5.02
III
(Inv) 1.98 0.042 471122 6.42
IV
(Control) 1.27 1.27 1 1 5.07
V
(Control) 1.58 1.58 1 1 7.84
20397 26
-44-
TABLE V
Physical Description and Ingredient Coverages
of The Four Formats of Magenta Unit in the
Two-Unit Photographic Element
Unit Silver Unit Unit
(g/m2) Silver/Coupler Thickness(~m)
Ratio
Element A 0.49 1.0 2.6
(Inv)
Element B 0.72 1.0 3.5
20 (Inv)
Element C 1.00 2.0 3.4
(Inv)
Element D 1.73 3.5 4.3
(Control)
2039726
-45-
Table VI
Magenta Unit Photographic Performance
Net Maximum Density
Element A Element B Element C Element D
(Inv) (Inv) (Inv) (Control)
Emulsion I 2.9 3.9 3.0 2.9
(Inv)
Emulsion II 2.6 3.6 3.0 2.9
(Inv.)
20 Emulsion (III) 2.5 3.8 2.8 2.3
(Inv)
Emulsion IV 1.2 1.6 1.8 2.2
(Control)
Emulsion V 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.9
25 (Control)
-46- 2039726
The invention has been described in detail with
reference to preferred embodiments thereof but it will be
understood that variations and modifications can be
effected within the spirit and scope of the invention.
