Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
2~37~
HOECHST A~TIENGESELLSCHAFT HOE 90/F 319 Dr.WE/fe
Description
Synergistic herbicidal compositions
The inventien relates to the field o ~he crop protection
agents which can be used again~t monoco~yledon and
dicotyledon weeds.
~BI C 4874 ~I) with the chemical name (i~-tetrahydro-
furfuryl ~2R3-2-[4-~6-chloroquinoxalin~-2 yloxy)pheno~y]-
propionate is a herbi~idal ac~ive ~ubstance which czm be
used post-emexgence for controlling annual and perennial
grass weeds. Application xates of 5-250 g/ha, baxed on
the pure active ~ubstance, control a large number of
; economically important graæs weeds in impoxtant
dicotyledon crop species ~uch a~ ~oybean3, beet~, cotton,
oil~eed rape, ~unflower~, peas, potatoe~, lentil~, flax,
groundnut, etc. The crop plants tolerate the active
substance which is used in ~he emul~ion concentrate~ for
applica~ion without qualitative and quantitative change~.
The addition o~ paraffin oils, vegetable oil~ or wetting
a~ent~ is indicated for u~e in practice to guaran~ee the
action or to improve the action.
The active substance is known from publications/ ~or
example A.R. Bell et al., Brighton Crop. Protection
Conference-Weed~ 1989, pageæ 65-70.
Surprisingly~ some herbicidal active substances have now
been found in biological tests which, when applied
together with UBI-C4874, result in distinctive syner-
gis~ic effec~ in ~he herbicidal activity.
The present invention relates to herbicidal compo~itions
ha~ing a herbicidally effectivecontent of acombina~ion of
A) the compound of the formula (I)
:, . .
~ ~ O ~ ~ ~ C-o-CH~- ~ (I)
and
B) one or more c~mpound(s) from the group comprising the
compounds
B1~ 2-[4-(Ç-chlorobenzoxazol-2-yloxy)phenoxy~p~opionic
acid (Bl) and the ester~ thereof, pxeferably the
ethyl ester/
Cl ~ ~O-CH-COOI-i ( Ul )
'~ :
B2) glufosinate and the ~al~s ~hereof, pxefer~bly the
monoammonium salt,
O
H3C - P ^ C~2CH2CH - CO - OH (B~)
O~
s3) herbicides which are mainly selective in seta bleet6
and are selected from ~mongst the group compri~ing
phenmediph~m, desmedipham, ethofumesake, metamitron
clopyralid and chloridazon,
B4) herbicides which are mainly selactive in agri- :
culturally cultivated species from the legume ~amily
such a~ soy~ean, field bean and phaseolus bean, and
which are selected from amonyst the group comprising
nitrodiphenyl eth~rs such as lactofen, acifluorfen
and fomesafen, imi~azolinones such as imazethapyr
and imazaquin, ~entazone and ~ulfonylureas such as
amidosulfuron, chlorimuron and thiameturon-methyl,
- . - .
"
'; ~ - ' , , . : , , :
2~37~i
-- 3 --
B5) herbicides which are mainly selective in the agri-
cultural crops flax and linseed and which are
selected from amongs~ the group comprising hydro~y-
benzonitxiles such as bromoxynil and io~ynil, and
pheno~yacetic acid derivatives such a6 ~CPA,
and
B6) herbicide~ which are mainly selec:tive in the agri-
cultural crops from the crucifer family such as
oil~eed rape and turnip rape, and which are ~electe~
~rom amongs~ the group compri~ing carbetamide,
di~.efuron, benazolin and its esters, metazachlo:r and
propyzami~e.
All active substances have in common that they are
preferably applied post-emergence and ta~en up via the
green parts of the plant.
~: :
Compound A ~compound of the formula I) is known rom the
publication mentioned at the outset.
The eompound~ from groups Bl to B6 are known and mostly
de~cribed in ~The Pesticide Manual", British Crop
- 20 Protection Council, 8th Bd., 1987; for Bl ("~enoxaprop"
and "fenoxaprop-ekhyl"), ~ee page 379; for B2
: t"glufosinate")~ see page 488; for B3, see ~phenmediph2m~
on page 652, 6S3, ~desmedipham'l on page 242-243,
"ethofumesate" on page 353-354, "metamitron" on page 536,
"clopyralidl' on page 189-l90 and "chloridazon" on page
155-156; for ~4r see, for example/ "acifluorfen" on page
3, "fome~a~en~ on page 428, "imazethapyr" on page 475,
"imazaquin" on page 474, "bentazone" on page 63-64; for
B5 ~ee, for exampla, "bromox~nil" on page 100-102,
~ 30 "ioxynil" on page 479-482 and "MCPA" on page 514-517; for
: B6, see, for example, "dimefuron" on page 293,
"benazolin" on p~ge 51-52, "metazachlor" on page S37,
~ "propyzamidell on page 720 and "carbetamide" on pa~e 129.
:
.
2~37~-~
Some of the abov~mentioned ac~ive substances are
described in Farm Chemicals Handbook ' 90, Meister
Publishing Company, Willoughby, Ohio, US~ I99a, for
example for B4, see common names "lac:~ofen" on page C 72,
"chlorLmuxon~ and ~chlorimuron-ethyl~ on page C 720
"Thiameturon-methyl" corresponds to ~PX-MG316 t ~ee lFarm
Chemical~ Handboolc, page C 152.
"Amidosul furon ", i . e . 3- ( 4 r 6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl~
. (N-methyl-N-(methylsulfonyl)-aminosul~onyl)-urea ~8 a
: 10 sulfonylurea herbicide for controlling dicotyledon weeds
in cereals (c~. Z. Pfl. Krankh. Pfl./Schut~ Sonderheft
[Special Issue] XII, 489-497 (1990)).
Fenoxaprop-ethyl is a herbicidal active ~ub~tanc0 for
con~rolling grass weeds in agricultural crops such as
soybeans, oilseed rape, sugar bee~, potatoes, inter alia.
It was fir~t described in D~ 2,640,730. In the meantime,
it has been used in ~he form of the racemate and even as
the op~ically active D(+) isomer (common name:
fenoxaprop-p-e~hyl). The racemate and P(~ omer and
20 their mixtures can ke employ2d accordin~ to the invention
and come under formula Bl.
Glufosinate ammonium i~ a foliar-acting herbicid~ which
is used po~t-emergencQ for controlling bro~d-leaved weeds
and grass weed6 in pIantation crops and on uncultlvated
land and, by means of ~peciic application technia~e~,
also ~or treatment~ between rows in large-area
agricultural crops such a~ corn, cotton, etc. Formula B2
also embraces the optical i~omer~ of glufosinate, in
par~icular also L-pho~phinothricin and t.he ammonium salt
thereof.
.~ Herbicidal COmpO~itionB according to the invention which
contain the compound of the abovementioned farmula (I)
and one of the compounds Bl to B6 are of particular
interest .
~ '.
~ :
: .
. .
: ~ ~
~: .
2~7~
Other preferred herbicidal compositions are thos~ which
contain the compound of the formula (I) in combination
with fenoxaprop-ethyl, feno~aprop-P-ethyl, glufosinate~
ammonium or one or more compounds from among~t the group
comprising phenmedipham, ethofumesate and metamitronf or
one or more compounds from the group comprising lactofen,
imazethapyr, imaza~uin and thiamethuron methyl, or one or
more compounds from tha group comprising MCPA and
bromoxynil, or one or more compounds rom amongst the
group comprising carbetamide, dimefuron and benazolin or
its esters.
The herbicidal compositions according to the invention
have an excellent herbicidal activity against a broad
range of economically important monocotyledon and dicoty-
ledon harmful plants. The active substance combination
also acts efficiently on perennial weeds which produce
:~ shoots fxom rhizomes, root~tocks or other perennial
organs and which are difficult ~o control. Speaifically,
examples may be mention2d of some representativas of the
~` 20 monocotyledon and dicotyledon weed fl~ra which can be
controlled by the compo~ition~ according to the
invention, withou~ the enumeration being a restriction to
certain species.
.~
Examples of weed specie on which the active substa~ce
acts efficiently are, from amongst the monocotyled~ns,
Avena, Lolium, Alopecurus, Phalarisl Echinochloa, Digi-
taria~ Setaria and also Cyperus species from the a~nual
~ector and ~rom amongst the perennial species Agrop~yron,
Cynodon, Imperata and Sorghum, and also perennial C~perus
species.
In the case of the dicotyledon weed species, the range
: of action extends to Galium, Viola, Veronica, Lamium,
Chenopodium, ~triplex, Stellaria, Amaranlihus, Sinapi~,
Ipomoea, Matricaria, Anthemis, Abutilon and Sida from
amongst the annuals, and Convol w lus, Cirsium, Rumex and
Artemisia in the case of the perennial weeds.
.~
:
.
- . . .
. . .. ~ .
- 6 - 2~3~1~
If the active substance combinations are applied po8t-
emergence on the green parts of the plan~s, growth
likewise stops drastically a very short time after the
treatment and the weed plants remain at the growth stage
of the point of time of application, or they die com-
pletPly after a certain time more or less rapîdly, so
that in this manner csmpetition by the weeds, which is
harmful to the crop plants, can be eliminated at a very
early point in time and in a sustained manner by u~ing
~he novel composition~ according to the invention.
Even though the compositions according to the i~vention
have an excellent herbicidal activity against monocotyle-
don and dicotyledon weeds, crop plants of economîcally
important crops, such as, ~or example, beets, oil~eed
rape, field beans, so~eans, flax and others, are damaged
not at all, or only to a negligible exten~. For these
reasons, ~he compoæition~ are highly ~uitable fox selec-
tively controlling undesired plant growth in plantings
for agricultural use or in perennial cultures or in the
non-selective sector. The area of use depends on the
range of action or on ~he selçc~ivi~y of the individual
active substances and can be roughly estimated from the
known data on the individual actiYe substances.
The active substance combinations according to the
invention allow, for example, a herbicidal action to be
achieved which exceeds what would have been e~pected a~
an additive action of the individual componen~s. Such
, improved actions allow the application rates o:E the
; individual active substances to be ~ubstantially redluced.
: 30 ~t comparable application rates, the synergistic e~fects
make the controlled broad-leaved weed/grass weed range
considerably wider. At the ~ame ~ime, p.roperties, which
are of utmost importance in practical use, ara con~ider-
ably improved in most combinations. This includes, for
example, the speed of action, the long-term action, the
flexibility in use, and others. This permits comprehen-
sive, rapid, long-lasting and economical control of grass
.~
. ~: - . .
_ 7 _ 2~
weeds and broad-leaved wee~s. Such properties ara econom-
ically progressive because ~hey allow the us~r consider-
able advantages in practical weed control by enabling him
to control weeds more economically or faster or over a
long period of time or with a lower number of individual
applications to be carried out, and therefore to obtain
higher yield~ in a stand of crop plants.
The mixing ratios A : B can vary within wide limits and
are generally 100 : 1 to 1 : 1000, based on weight. The
mixing xatio is selected as a function of, for example,
the component in the mixture, the development stage of
the weeds, crop species, grass weeds, range of weeds,
en~ironmental factors and climatic conditions. It is
preferred to use mixing ratios of from 15 s 1 to 1 : 700,
in particular
A : Bl from 10 : 1 to 1 5
: A : B2 ~rom 1 : 8 to 1 : 200
A : B3 from 5 : 1 to 1 : 700
A : B4 from ~5 : 1 to 1 : 400
2n A : B5 from 2 : 1 to 1 : 200
A : B6 from 1 : 4 to 1 500.
The application rates of herbicide A in the active
sub~tance mixtures are prefexably between 5 and 120 g/ha,
the application rates of the active substance~ fr~m
groups Bl~B6 from 5 to 4000 g/ha, in particular, in the
case of B1, from 5 to 120 g/ha, of B2, from 100 to 1000
g/ha, of B3, from 100 to 4000 g/ha, of B4, fr~m 5 to 2000
c3/ha, of B5, from 100 to 2000 g/ha~ and in the case of B6
from 500 to 1700 g/ha.
: 30 The acti.ve sub6tance combinations according to the
invention can exist either as mixed formulations of the
two, or of more, componen~s, and these are then applied
in the customary fashion, namely diluted with water, or
they can be prepared in ths form of so-called tank mixes
by conjointly diluting the separately formulated
:
, : :
:
- 8 - 2~3~
components with water.
The compounds A and B or the combinations t~ereof can be
formulated in a variety of W8ys, as predetermined by the
biologi~al and/or chemico-physical parame~ers. The
following possibili~ies are there~ore ~uitable for
formulation: wettable powders ~WP), emulsifiable concen
trates (~C), aqu~ous solu~ion~ (SL), emul~ions ~EW~ ~uch
as oil-în-water and water-in-oil emulsions, ~pr yable
solutions or emulsions, di~per6ions on an oil or water
base, suspoemulsions, dusts (DP), gramlles such as water-
disper~ible granules ~WG), ULV fonmulations, micro-
capsules or waxes.
These ahovementioned ~ormula~ion types are known in
principle and are described, for example, in:
Winnacker-Kuchler, ~Chemische Technologie" rChemical
Technology], Volume 7, C. Hauser Verlag Munich, 4th Ed.
1986; van Valkenburg, IlPe~tioides Formul~tions~, Marcel
; Dekker N.Y., 2nd Ed. 197~-73; K, Martens, "Spray D~ying
~-~ Handbook", 3rd Ed. 1979, G. Goodwin Ltd. ~ondon.
;, ~
The formulation au~iliaries required, such as inert
materials, surfactants, olvents and other additives, are
~: also known and are described, for example, in: Watkins,
"Handbook of In6ecticide Dust Diluents and Carriars", 2nd
Ed., Darland Books, Caldwell N.J.; H.~.Olphen,
"Introduction to Clay Colloid Chemi~try", 2nd Ed.,
~. Wiley & Sons, N.Y.; Mar~den, ~Solvents Guide"~ 2nd
Ed., Interscience, N.Y. 1950; McCutcheon's, "Detergents
; and Emulsifiers Annual", MC Publ. Corp. Ridgewood N.J~;
Sisley and Wood, "Encyclopedia of Surface Active Agents~,
Chem. Publ. Co. Inc., N.Y. 1964; Sch~nfeldt,
"Grenz~l~chenaktive ~thylenoxidaddukte~ [Sur~ace-active
Ethylene Oxide Ad~ucts]~ ~i83. Verlag~gesell~ Stuttgart
1976; Winnacker-K~chler, ~Chemische Technologie"
~Chemical ~echnology]~ Volume 7, C. Hau6er Verlag Munich,
4th Ed. lg86.
, ~ ~ , . . . . . .
2 ~
g
Combinations with o~her pesticidally ac~i~e substances,
such as other herbicides, fungicides or insec~icides, and
also safeners, fertili~ers and/or growth regulakors may
also be prepared on the basis of the~e formula~ions, for
example in the form of a readymix formulation or as a
: tank mix.
Wettable powders are preparations which are uni~ormly
di~persible in water and which, besides ~he active
substance, also contain wetting a~ents, for example
polyoxethylated alkylphenols, polyoxethylated fatty
alcohols or fatty amine8 ~ ~atty alcohol polyglycol ether
sulfates, alkanesulfonates or alkylbenzenesulfonates, and
dispersing agents/ for example sodium lig~insulfonate,
~odium 2/2'-dinaph~hylme~hane-6,6'-disulfonate, ~odium
dibutylnaphthalenesulfonate, or ~lternatively sodium
oleylmethyltaurinate, in addition to a diluent or inert
~ubstance.
Emulsifiable concentra~e~ are prepaxed by di~solving the
~: active substance in an organic solvent, for example
butanol, cyclohexanone, dimethylformamide, ~ylene and
~ also higher-boiling aromatic compounds or hydrocarbons,
: with the addition of one or mor~ emulsifiers. ExamplQs of
emulsifiers which can be used are: calcium salts of an
alkylarylsulfonic acid, such as Ca dodecylbenzene-
: 25 sulfonate/ or non-ionic emulsifiersJ such as ~atty acid
polyglycol esters, alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, fatty
. alcohol polyglycol ethers, propylene oxide/ethylene oxide
condensation products, alkyl polyethers, ~orbitan ~at~y
acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fa~ty acid esters
or polyoxyethylene sorbitol esters.
~u~t~ are obtained by grinding the ac~ive ~ubstance with
fi.nely divided solid substances, for example talc or
: nakural clays, such a~ kaolin, bentonite and pyrophyllite
or diatomaceous earth.
.. ~ .
Granules can be pxoduced either by spraying the active
, .
,~ . . , , - ............... . .
. . . . .
~ - , - . . ,
2 ~
-- 10 --
substance onto adsorptive, granulated inert material or
by applying active substance concentrates onto the
surface of carriers, such as sand, kaolinites or
granulated inert material, by means of binders, for
example polyvinyl alcohol, sodium polyacrylate or,
alternatively, mineral oils. Suitable active substances
can also be granul~ted in the manner which is
conventional for the production of fertili~er granules,
if desired in a mixture with fertilize:rs.
The a~rochemical preparations generally contain 0.1 to
99 percent by weight, in particular 2 to 95 % by wei~ht,
of active substances ~ + B~ The concentrativns of the
active ~ubstances A + B can vary in the formulations.
The concen~ration of active substance in ~ettable powders
is, for example, about 10 to 95 % by weight; the remain-
der ~o ~00 % by weight is composed o con~entional
formulation components. In the case of emulsifi~ble
concentrates, the concentration of active substance can
ba about 1 to 85 % by weight, preferably 5 to 80 ~ by
2~ weight. Formulations in the form o~ dusts contain about
: 1 to 25 % by weight, usually 5 to 20% by weight o~ active
substance, sprayable solutions about 0.2 to 25 ~ by
weight, preferably 2 to 20% by weight. In the case of
granules such as water-dispersible granule~, the active
substance content depends partly on whether the active
compound is liquid or solid and on which granulation
auxiliarie~ and fillers are used. As a rule, tha content
: in the water-dispersible granules is be~ween 10 and 90 %
by weigh~.
In addition, the active substance ormulations mentioned
contain, i~ appropriate, the adhesives, wetting agents,
dispercing agen~s, emulsifiers, penetrants, solvents,
fillers or carriers which are conventional in each case.
~ .
For use, the formulations, present in commercially
available form, are diluted, if appropriate, in a
:
: : .
2 ~
customary manner, for example using water in the case of
wettable powders, emulsifiable concentrates, dispersions
and water-dispersible granules. Preparations in the form
of dusts or granules for soil application and for broad-
:~ 5 casting and also sprayable solution~ are usually nnt
further dilut~d with other inert sub~ances before use.
The application rate required for the compounds of the
formula I varies with the ex~ernal condi~io~s, s~ch a~,
inter alia, ~emperature, humidity, ancl the nature of the
herbicide used.
The examples which follow 6erve to illustrate the inven-
~ tion:
;~ A. Foxmulation Example~
a) A dust is ohtained by mixing 10 parts by weight of
an active ~ubstance combination according to the
: invention and 90 paxts by weight of talc as inert
:~ sub~tance and comminuting the mixture in a hammer
miIl.
.' .
b) A wettable powder which i~ readily dispersible in
water is obtained by mixing 25 parts by weight of
active substan~e A + B, 64 parts by weight of
kaolin-containlng quar~z a6 the inert substance,
10 parts by weight of potassi~m lignin~ulfonate and
1 part by weight oF ~odium oleoyImethyltaurinate a6
;` 25 the wetti~g and dl~persing agent, and grinding the
mixture in a pinned disk mill.
c) A dispersion concentrate which is readily di~pers-
ible in water i~ obtained by m.i~ing 20 parts by
weight of active sub~tance A + B with 6 pa.rts by
weight of alkylph nol polyglycol ether (Triton X
; 207), 3 parts by weight of isotridecanol polyglycol
: ether (8 E0) and 71 parts by weight of paxaffinic
: mineral oil (boilin~ range, for example, about
.~ .
; ~.
,j , ~ , .
-
:
.
2~37~
- 12 -
255 to above 277C~, and grinding the ~i~ture in a
ball mill to a fineness of below 5 microns.
d) An emulsifiable concentrate is obtained from 15 parts by weight
of active substances A~B 75 parts by weight of cyclohexanone
S as the solvent and 10 parts by wei~ht of oxethylated nonylphenol as the emulsifier.
e) Water-di~persible granules are obtained by mixing
75 parts ~y weight of active substances A ~ ~,
10 " of calcium ligninsulfonateJ
5 ~ of sodlum lauryl su}fat2,
3 " of polyvinyl ~lcohol and
7 " of kaolin,
grinding the mixture o~ a pinned disk mill, and
; granulating the powder in a fluidized bed by spray-
1~ ing on water as the granula~lon li~uid.
. .
f) Water-dispersible granules are al~o obtained by
homogenizing and prec~mminuting on colloid mill,
25 parts by weight of active sub~tances ~ ~ B,
5 " of sodium 2,2'-dinaphthyl-
mathane-6~6'-disulfonate,
: 2 " of sodium ole~ylmethyltaurinate~
1 part by weight o~ polyvinyl alcohol,
17 parts by weight o~ calcium carbonate and
" of water,
~ubsequen~ly grinding the mixture on a bead mill,
an~ at~izing and drying ~he re~ul~ing ~uspen~ion in
~ a spray tower by mean~ of a single-compound noz~le.
,,
For example, the active substance combinatione from
Table 1 below are formulated ~ollowing the formulations ~:
de~cribed under a) to f):
. . ,:
..
~3~
- 13 -
Table 1
~ctive substance A Active subs~ance B Ratio AqB
(I) Fenoxaprsp~P-~thyl 10:1
1:1
1:5
tI ) Glufo in~te- 10:1
ammo~ium 1:1
1:5
tI) Phenmedipham 5:1
1:1
1:10
~I) Lactof~n ` 15:1
,: 5:1
': ' 1: 1
1:100
(I~ Bromoxy~
: .~
2~0
enazoli~-ethyl 5:1
2:1 -
:~,
1:10
. .
B. Biological Exampl~s
:
Under ~ield ~onditions, trial fields with sandy loam 80il
were seeded with ~in~er oilseed rape (BRSNW) ~ollowing
customary a~riaultural practices (seediny time August,
seed den~ity 5 kg/ha, fertilization ~ollowing customary
agricultural prac~ices?~ ~fter the crop plants had
emerged, a high degree of infestation with A~ropyron
repens ~AGRRE) and volunteer barley (HORVW) became
,, ~
6~
- 14
apparent. When these grass weeds were in the 1- to 3-leaf
stage, or when tillering began (21), the active substance
combinations accQrding to the invention which had been
formulated in the form of wettable powders or emulsion
concentrates and, in parallel trials, the corre~pondîngly
formulated individual active substances (~ee Table 2~
were then applied in the form of aqueous ~uspen~ions or
emulsion~ to the surface of the trial area, using an
application rate of 300 to 800 l of water/ha ~converted)
in various dosages.
40 days after application, ~he Aerbicidal effects were
determined by visual scori~g o~ ~he damage to the plant~
compared with untreated plant~. In all cases, the ex~eri-
menter dis~inguished between the calculated and the ~ound
degree of effec~i~eness in th~ combinations. ~he calcu-
lated degree o effectiveness of a combination, which was
to be expected ~heoretically~ is determined by
S.R. Colby~ formula: Calculation of ~ynergi~tic and
antagonistic response~ o herbicide combination~, Weeds
15 (1967) 20~
:
;:- This formula read~:
,~ ,
X Y
E = X + Y - -
100
; 25 where
X is % damage by herbicide A at an application rate of
x kg/ha;
Y i6 ~ damage by herbicide B at an application rate of
y kg/ha;
E = damage by herbicide~ A + B to be expected at a rate
of x ~ y kg/ha.
If the ~ctual damage is greater than the damage to be
expected following calculations, then the action of the
combination i8 ~up~radditive, i.e. a synergis~ic effect
. , .
~,'` ,
~; , ', :
. ,
- 15 _ 2~7~
of action exists.
The active substance combinations according to the
invention have a herbicidal action which i~ greater than
would have been expected based on the actions of the
individual component~ ob~erved when u~ed by ~hemselYe~.
The active substance combination~ therefore ~how
synergistic behavior (cf. Table 2).
Table 2: Active substance combination UBI-C 4874 (I~
plu~ fenoxaprop-P-ethyl
% damage 40 days after application
tstage of application]
Active Dosage AGRRE HORVW BR5NW
~ubstances rat~
Cg of
ai/ha~ tll-2~ ~13] [1
-- .
I 15 43 35 0
5& 86 0
4~ 67 ~8
~S 0
~: .Bl.1 lS 0 20 0
- 30. 0 2V 0
'45 3 27 0
IIBl.l lS~lS 77 (43) 58 (48) 0
15~307a (~6) 80 (4~) 0
15~5 ~3 (~S) 87 ~53~ 0
30+1573 (43) 89 (88) 0
30~308~ (56) 92 (88~ 0
30+~588 (~7) g5 (8g) 0
45+15~6 (43) 95 ~90) 0
~5~30g2 (56~ 97 (90) 0
; _ 45+4S 94 (64~ _ 98 ~
': :
,,,
~,
.. , , , , :
... .
- 16
Table 2, abbreviations:
I = UBI-C 4874 as a 12 % emulsion concentrate (EC
120) and 5 l/h oil
s1.1 = fenoxapxop-P-ethyl as a 7.5 % oil-in~watsr
emul~ion
ai = active ingredient (based on pure ac~ive ~ub-
stance)
( ) = expected value an according to Colby
Table 2 ~hows that the herbicidal activity of UBI-C 4874,
applied a~ mi~ture with oil/ i5 markedly increased when
applied together with fenoxaprop-ethyl. I~ the case of
:~ Agropyron repen~ ahd ~olun~eer barley, there exi~t
synergistic increases in action. In the case of Ayropyron ~,
repens, the action o the herbicide combination~ even
exceeds the formal sum of the action of the indivi~ual
active substances. In the case of volunteer barley
(HORVW), the expected values of the herbicide
. combination~ calculated theoretically by COLBY'~ formula,
~ are also clearly exceeded in the trial. ~`
:~ 20 The crop compa~ibility in the csse of winter oilseed rape
(B~SNW) is nei~her impaired by the individual ac~ive
substances nor by~he herbicide combinations.
Example 2
Under natursl field conditions, annual grass weeds had
emerged on uncultivated land.
When developmen~ stages 25 to ~9 (middle to end of
tillerin~ phase) had been reached, the he~bicides given
;~ in Table 3, on their own and in combination, were applied
~i to parts of plots of size 10 m2 u~ing plo~ sprayers
(analogously to Example 1). 28 days ater application,
the herbicidal activity of the treated parts of plotc was
recorded by visual scoring (analogously to ~xample 1~ in
comparison wlth ~he untreated control plots. Plant
;. .~
.. :',, ~
:: , - , ,, ~ ~
2~37~
- 17 -
damage, and plant growth and development, were evaluated
in percentage~.
The result~ are compiled in Table 3.
Table 3: Active ~ubstance combina~ion UBI-C 4874 (I)
plus glufo~ina~e-ammonium
% damage 28 day~ after applica-
tion [~tage of application]
Active Do~age PHAMX PHAPA HORV5 BRVDI
~ubstances rate
[~ of
ai/ha] E2s~ [25~~29] ~9]
: ~ 30 15 0 ~2 65
B2.1 . 300 50 40 27 35
600 97 g~ 65 ~5
, .
I +B2 .1 30t300 95 94 100 100
` :
,, .
,
Table 3, abbreviations-
I = UBI-C 4874 as a 1~ ~ emulsifiable concentrate
B2.1 a glu~osinate-ammonium as a 20 % aqueous solution
: ai = active ingredient based on pure active substance
.~ .
The activity o the herbicide combination .i8 clearly
above the action of the individual active substances ~nd
iR comparably good, or even bett0r, than the action of
twice the application rate o glu~o~inate ammonium on its
own. ~he synergistic e~fects allow a better and broader
activity to be achieved with ~maller amounts o~ active
sub tance.
~3~
- 18 -
Example 3
Sugar beets were grown on trial :Eields following c:usto-
mary agricultural practice ~ When the sugar beet~ ( BE~W )
had emerged, a high degree of infesta~ion with cockspur
grass (~chinochloa crus galli - ECGCR) and wild oat~
~Avena fatua = ~VEFA) became apparent.
In the develo~ment ætage mid-tillering ~E 25~ to end of
tillering (E 29), ~he herbicides on their own and their
combination were applied analogously to Example 1 using
plot sprayer~ (300 litexs of w~ter/ha~. 14 days, or
28 days, after the applicAtion, the herbicidal effects on
: the grass weeds or crop plan~s were determined by visual
scoring.
: ,.
~ The results are recorded in Table 4.
: 15 Table 4s Active æubstance combination UBI C 4874 (I)
' pIus phenmedipham
" .
~ damage at [~tage of application]
., Active Do~age ECGCR ~VE~A BEAW
: ~ub~tance~ rste
: 20 development in g o~ [6-8
;~ stage at ai/ha ~25-29] t25-29] leaves3
` application
0
~5 0
:B3 . 1 ~42 10 25 0
1256 15 . 75 0
I~B3.1 30+942 75 (23) 85(74) 0
~ _ _ 60~g42 98 ( 91 ) g7 ( 89 ~
,~ :
.
. .
. . .
:
:
2~3~
-- 19 --
Table 4, abbreviations:
I - UBI C ~874 together with 2 l/ha oil
B3.1 = phenmedipham together with 2 l/ha oil
I~B3.1 = UBI-C 4874 ~ phenmediph~m + 2 l/ha oil
( ) = expec~ed value according to Colby
The resul~s show that in ~he case of ~oint application
- the herbicidal activity is marXedly above the effects of
~he herbicides on their own, even at higher application
rates. The expected values according to COLBY are clearly
exceeded.
Besides, both grass weeds are controlled with equally
good activi~y, in contrast to khe application of the
individual active substances, which allows the synergis-
tic effects to broaden the r~nge of action while simul-
taneously reducing ~he active ~ubstances.
~: The crop plants are damaged neither by the harbicides on
their own nor by the combination thereof.
