Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
205S~ll
- 1 - C3394
I~L.~ 0~7111~N~
Fleld of the Invention
This invention relates to detergent compositions,
particularly but not exclusively to built detergent
compositions for washing fabrics.
Backaround of the Invention
Detergent compositions traditionally contain one of
more detergent active materials in nddition to various
other ingredients 8uch as detergency builder8, hl ~A~ 7~
flourescers, perfumes etc. Notable appllcations of
detergent compositions are to clean fabrics, ~sually by
washing portable fabric items in a bowl or ln a washing
machine, to clean crockery ~nd cooking utensils, again by
washing in a bowl thand rl7~h~A~h7n~), and to clean hard
surfaces such as glass, glazed ~urfaces, plastics, metals
and enamels. A number of classes of surfactant materials
have been used as detergent active material8, 1n~ 7r~.~n~
anionic and nonionic materials.
- 2 - 20~
one known category of n~n~oni~ surfactants are
compounds which are often known as alkylpolyglycosides.
These are of the general formula
RO (R'O)t (G)y (I)
in which R i5 an organic ~ hobic re6idue, R'O i5 an
alkoxy group which may be absent because t can be zero,
and G is a saccharide residue and x is at least unity. A
more detailed definition is set out hereinafter.
We h2ve now round that a combination of
alkylpolyglycoside with certain unethoxylated nor~n~r
surfactants provides ~ ed a lv~ czs. Such
combinations have been found to give a synergistic
benefit of onh~nrefl oily/fatty soil detergency.
Furthp l-~, such combinations have been ~ound to provide
stable structured liquid detergent compositions
containing E~irjniflr~nt levels of nnn~rni~ surfactant.
By eliminating ethylene oxide groups from the nrn~rn~
surfactant, aquatic toxicity is reduced and the
possibility of car--;no~on~c contamination removed.
EP 75 995A and EP 75 996A (Procter & Gamble)
disclose alkylpolyglycosides $n combination with various
nonionic surf~ct~ntF. Among the .,us classes of
n--n~l~n~r cosurfactants ~1~ rl~se~ are glyceryl ethers of
the general formul~
R - O ~(CH2CH2)n ~ CH2 - ICH - CH20
OH
wherein R9 is a C8_18 alkyl or alkenyl group or a C5_14
alkaryl group and n is from O to 6; but conventional
ethoxylated alcohol nrn~on~r surfactants are preferred
and speci f ically "YP~rl i i'ied .
~ ~ 3 ~ 20~11 C339~CA1
Defin- tion o the invention
According to the present invention there is provided
a detergent composition containing
(i) an alkylpolyglycoside of the general formula
RO (R ' ) t (G) x
in which R is an organic hydrophobic residue containing
from 10 to 20 carbon atoms, R~ is an alkylene group
containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, G is a saccharide
residue containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms, t is in the range
of from 0 to 25 and x is in the range from 1 to 10;
(ii) an unethoxylated ~onionic surfactant which is
chosen f rom
(a) ethers of the formula
R3 oz
wherein R3 is an organic hydrophobic residue having
from 7 to 20 carbon atoms and Z denotes part of a
polyhydric alcohol whose formula is HOZ and which
has 2 to 4 carbon atoms,
~b) C8 ~o C20 esters of reducing saccharides
containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms,
and mixtures of any of these surfactants.
'``-~3"'
20S~
_ 4 _ C3394
The weight ratio of the alkyl polyglycoside and the
other spec;f1~d surfactant(s) will generally lie within a
range of 20:1 to 1:20 ~nd may lie in a narrower range
from 9:1 to 1:9 or even 4:1 to 1:4. The preferred ratio
of the surfactants will depend on the Epeo~ ~ic
surfactants ~nd the nature of th~ product.
For structured liguids it will generally be
desirable to achieve both good stability and good but not
n~.C~cRArily optimum detergency. For particulate
compositions it may be possible to optimise detergency.
The weight ratio range which gives synergy will vary
d~ro~n~l; n~ on the specific surfactants used and can be
det~rm;nefl by experiment.
The invention also provides a method of washing
which comprises contacting ~abrics, or ~n inanimate
surface to be cleaned, with a composition according to
this invention or a wash liquor obt~;n~hle by adding the
compo6ition to water, notably in an nmount ranging ~rom
0 . 5 to 50 grams of composition per litre of water.
~he alkYlPolyqlycoside ~i~
In the gener~l formula
R0(R'0)t (G)x0
the hydrophobic group R is preferably allphatic, either
~turated or un6~u~ed, notably straight or branched
alkyl, alkenyl, I-y-lL~ ycllkyl or l.y-lL~".ylkenyl. However,
.
~ 29~S~ll
_ 5 _ C3394
it may include an ~ryl group for example alkyl-aryl,
alkenyl-aryl and ~ Lo3~alkyl-aryl. Particularly
preferred is that R i8 Alkyl or alkenyl of 8 to 16 carbon
atoms .
The value of t in the general formula above i8
preferably zero, 80 that the -(RO)t- unit of the general
formula is absent. In that case the general formula
becomes
RO (G~ x (II~
If t is non-zero it is preferred that R'O is an
ethylene oxide residue. Other likely possibillties are
propylene oxide and glycerol residues. I~ the parameter
t is non-zero 80 that R'O is present, the value of t
(which may be an average value~ will preferably lie in
the range from O . 5 to 10 .
The group G is typically derived from fructose,
glucose, mannose, galactose, talose, gulose, allose,
altrose, idose, arabinose, xylose, lyxose and/or ribose.
Preferably, the G is provided ~ubstl~n~ ly exclusively
by glucose units.
The value x, which is an average, is usually termed
the degree of polymerisation. Desirably x varies between
1 and 8. Values of x may lie between 1 and 3, ?Cpec~lly
1 and 1.8.
Polyglycosides of particular interest have x in the
narrow range from 1 or 1.2 up to 1.4 or eCpe~ lly 1.3.
If x exceeds 1. 3 it preferably lies in the range 1. 3 or
1.4 to 1.8.
i~ 6 205~411 C3394CA1
When x lies in the range 1 to 1.4 it is preferred
that R is C8 to C14 alkyl or alkenyl. The even narrower
range of C8 to C12 may be used.
The no~ionic ~I~rfact~nt (ii)
These specified nonionic surfactants are generally
hydrophobic in character. This is manifested by
formation of a turbid dispersion rather than an isotropic
solution when placed, alone, in deionised water at a
surfactant concentration of 1% or more by weight.
A first possible class of cosurfactants is comprised
by monoglyceryl ethers of the formula
R30CH2CH CH20H
OH
in which R3 is as specified previously, i.e. an organic
hydrophobic residue of 7 to 20 carbon atoms. R3 is
preferably a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic residue.
In particular:R3 may be linear or branched alkyl or
alkenyl. More preferably, R3 is a substantially linear
alkyl or alkenyl moiety having from 8 to 16 carbon atoms,
notably a C8-C12 alkyl moiety. Most preferably, R3 is
3 0 decyl, undecyl or dodecyl .
The monoglyceryl ethers of alkanols are known
materials and can be prepared, for example, by the
condensation of a higher alkanol with glycidol.
. .~
~ 7 ~ 205~11 C3394CA1
Another possibility for the nonionic surfactant (ii)
is comprised by C7 to C20 ethers of C2-C4 polyhydric
alcohols other than glycerol which has already been
mentioned .
As also mentioned above, yet another possibility is
a C8 to C20 ester of a reducing hexose or pentose sugar.
Such a compound is also referred to as an 0-alkanoyl
derivative of the sugar.
O-alkanoyl glucosides are described in WO 88/10147A
(Novo Industri A/S). In particular the surfactants
described therein are glucose esters with the acyl group
attached in the 3- or 6- position such as 3-0-acyl-D-
glucose or 6-0-acyl-D-glucose. In the present invention
we prefer to use a 6-0-~lkanoyl glucoside, especially
compounds having the formula:
o
R5_C O~
O
/OH ~--oR6 (A)
~ /
HO
OH
-
- 8 - C3394
2055~1~
wherein R5 ls an alkyl or alkenyl group having from 7 to
19 preferably 11 to 19 carbon atoms, And R6 is hy~Lo~n
or lm alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon ~toms.
}~ost preferred are 6uch ._ _ '~ where R6 15 An
alkyl group, such AS ethyl or isopropyl. Alkylation in
the 1- position enables such ~ '~ to be prepared by
regiospecific enzymatic ~ynthesis AS described by
8jorkling et Al. (J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commum. 1989
ps34),
While the above descriptlon CG.~C~L~lS sur~2ctants
based on gluc06e, it is envisaged that CC~
materials based on other reducing sugars, such A5
galactose and mannose are also suitable.
~urther surfac~nts
Detergent compositions of the invention may contain
further surfactants, outside the definitions gtated rOr
(i) and (ii). The amount of any additional surfactant
will frequently be less than 50% by weiqht, and perhaps
less than 25% or even 10% by weight of the overall
surfactant mixture.
Additional surfactant, if present, may be anionic,
nonionic or amphoteric. Cationic surfactant is possible
ir anionic surfactant is absent. In particular, nonionic
gurfactant with an BLB value greater than 10.5 may be
present. Thi6 may for instance be ethoxylated fatty
alcohol .
20~
_ g - C3394
Compositions o~ this invention will generally
contain a surfactant mixture comprlsing ~i) the s~r;fl~
alkylpolyglycoside (ii) the ~ecif;~cl nn~ n1t~ 5urractant
and (iii) any other 6urfactant~s), in a tot~l amount
which is from 1 to 60% by weight or the composition.
Prererred amounts are 2 to 45%, better 5 to 40% or
35%. The amount of the speclf~ ,uLrc.~.LarLs (i) and
(ii) may ltselr be at least 2% or ~t lQast 5% o~ the
overall composition.
Other ~ n~r~ ents
The compositions of the invention may contain an
electrolyte, for instance present in such an amount to
give a cc,l.cel~L,~tion of at least 0 . 01 molar, when the
composition is added to water at a . ~...c~l.LL~ltion of
1 g/litre. Electrolyte ~ ce~.LL..tion may po~sibly be
2 0 higher such as at least 0 . 05 or 0 .1 molar esr~ ly if
the composition is Or solid ~orm: liquid compositions
generally limit electrolyte ror the ~ake Or stability.
1 g/litre is approximately the lowest level at which
detergent compositions for ~abric wa~hing are used in
usual practice. More usual is usage at a level Or 4 to
50 g/litre. The amount of electrolyte may be ~uch as to
~Chieve an electrolyte c~ tion of O . 01 molar, most
preferably at least 0.1 molar, when the composition i8
added to water at a co~lc_.,LLe-tion of 4 g/litre.
If the composition of the invention is intended as a
rabric washing composition it will generally contain
detergency builder in an amount rrOm 7 to 70% by weight
Or the composition.
- lo - 2~S~411 C3394
If it is in solid form, the compo6ition i5 likely to
contain at least 10 or 159~ of builder.
It is desirable that the compositions according to
the invention be approximately neutral or at least
slightly alkAl inP, that i8 when the composition is
dissolved in an Amount to give gurfactant co.,c~r L- -tion
Or 1 g~l in distilled water ~t 25C the pH should
desirably be at least 7 . 5 . For solid compositions the pH
will usually be greater, such as at least 9. To achieve
the required pH, the compositions may include a
water-soluble ~lkAl ~nP salt. This salt may be a
detergency builder (as described in more detail below) or
a non-building Alk~l ~nP material.
When the compositions of the invention contain a
detergency builder material, this may be any material
cap2ble of reducing the level of ~ree calciu~ ions in the
wash liguor and will preferably provide the compositions
with other b~nPf1ciAl properties such as the generation
Or an ;llk_l ~n~ pH and the suspension of soil removed ~rom
the rabric.
Examples of rhn~rh~ ..s co~ aining inorganic
detergency builders, when present, include the
water-soluble salts, ~peni-l ly ~lkali metal
~yL~ ho~ tes, orthorhnsrh-t~s, polyphosph~tes and
rhn~rhon-tes- SpeC~flG axamples of inorganic phosphate
builders include sodium and potassium tripolyphosphates,
ortho phosphates and h~ -t~ ho~l~h-tes.
Examples of r.ol- rh o,. ~ hnrus-~-n~f ~ ~ n ~ n~ inorganic
detergency builders, when present, include water-soluble
alkali metal carbonates, bi~ tes, silicates and
crystalline and amorphous alumino ~ilicates. Specific
- ll - 205~411 C3394
examples include sodium carbonate (with or without
calcite seeds), potassium carbonate (with or without
calcite seeds), sodium and potassium bi~ tea and
silicates .
r l"c of organic detergency builders, when
present include the alkal i metal, ~ m and
substituted , ~ ~m polyacetates, carboxylate~,
polycarboxyl~tes, polyacetyl carboxylates and
polyl,y~lLv,,yD,llphonates. Spec~f~c aY~mrl~c include
sodium, potassium, lithium, ~ m and substituted
illm salt8 of ethylanpalRm~nat~traacetlc acid,
nitrilotriacetic acid, oxy~lcuccinlc acid, melitic acid,
benzene polycarboxylic acids and citric acid. Further
possibilities are tartrate ~ coin~tes, tartrate
disuccinates, dipicolinic acid, rh~]~Am~C acid,
carboxymethyloxysuccinate and l~y~L~ y~sLhyl imino diacetic
acid .
Examples of other optional ingredients which may be
present in the composition are polymers contA~n~n~
carboxylic or sulphonic acid groups in acid form or
wholly or partially neutralised to sodium or potaDsium
salts, the sodium saltD being lJL2îeLL~d- Preferred
polymers are homopolymers and copolymers of acrylic acid
~nd/or maleic acid or maleic anhydride. Of A~peciAl
iterest are polyacrylates, polyalphal.y~L~,Ayacrylates,
acrylic/maleic acid copolymers, and ~crylic rh^n~h~nAtes.
Other polymersD which are acpeciAlly p~e~eLL~3d ~or use in
liquid detergent compositions are tl~flocc~ ting poly-mers
such as for example disclo_ed in EP 346 995A (Unilever).
The molecular weights o~ homopolymers and copolymers
are generally 1000 to 150 000, pre~er~bly 1500 to
100 000. The amount of any polymer may lie in the range
2~411
- 12 - C3394
from 0.5 to 5% by weight of the composition. Other
suitable polymeric materials are cP~ lore ethers such as
carboxy methyl colluloPe~ methyl cPIlt~ e, hydroxy alkyl
celluloses, and mlxed ethers, liuch ~- methyl hydroxy
ethyl colll~lo~e, methyl hydroxy propyl cellulose, and
methyl carboxy methyl colllllore. NiYtures of different
cellulose ethers, particularly mixtures of carboxy methyl
~Qlllllose and methyl cellulose, are suitable.
Polyethylene glycol o~ ~~lec~lAr weight ~rom 400 to
50 000, preferably from 1000 to 10 000, and copolymers of
polyethylene oxide with polypropylene oxide are suitable
as also are copolymers of polyacrylate with polyethylene
glycol. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone of - lec~ r weight of
10 000 to 60 000 preferably of 30 000 to 50 000 and
copolymers of polyvinyl pyrrolidone with other poly
pyrrol ~ og are suitable. Polyacrylic rhn~rhinAtes and
related copolymers of nrloc~ r weight 1000 to 100 000,
in particular 3000 to 30 OoO are also suitable.
Further examples of other ingredients which may be
present in the composition lnclude fabric softening
agents such as fatty amines, fabric softening clay
materials, lather booster8 5uch a8 Alk~n~l~m1Aoc~
particularly the monoeth~nolAm~Ao~s derived from palm
kernel f2tty acids and coconut fatty acids, lather
depressants, oxygen-rolo~Sling hle~ch~n~ agents ~uch as
sodium perborate and sodium percarbonate, typically
n~ _-n~od by peracid bleach ~.~_u~ 8, organic
porariS~, chlorine-rP~P~n~ blP~rhin~ agents such as
trichloroisocyanuric acid, inorganic salts such as ~odium
sulphate, and, usually present in very minor amounts,
fluorescent agents, p~ nrlllAin~ deodorant
perfumes, ~nzymes such as co~ P~, proteases, lipases
and amylases, germicides and colourants.
- 13 - 205~ C3394
PrQduct forms
The detergent compositions according to the
invention may be in Any suitAble form 1nr~ A~n~ powders,
bars, liquids and pastes. For example suitable liguid
compositions may be n~l. aq ~- or AqUeOU8, the lAtter
being either isotropic or 1~ r structured. The
compositions may be prepared by A number of dirferent
methods according to their physic~l form. In the case of
granular ~Lu~u~;L~ they may be E7La~al~d by dry-mixing,
coagglo~eration, spr~y-drying from an Agueous slurry or
any combination of these methods.
One preferred physical form is a granule
incorporating a detergency builder salt. This may be
prepared by conventional granulation t~hn1~In~c or spray
drying .
Another preferred physical form is A l~ r
structured aqueous liquid. S~ I.u~lng a liguid by means
of surfactant is well known and may be ut~ to
provide c~n~ p~ferred flow properties, and/or turbid
appearance. Also many liguids in which the surfactant
mixture provides structure are capAble of su~pe
particulate solids such as detergency builders And
abrasives. For such forms, Alkyl polyglycosides whlch
are particularly suitAble have A HLB of At least 12.0 And
in the formula
RO (R'O)t(G)x
t is zero or 1 to 3, preferAbly zero, while
x is 1 to 3, especially 1 to 1. 8 .
-14_ 20S~41I C3394
The aqueous continuous phase will usually contain
some dissolved electrolyte. ~lectrolyte may be dissolved
only in the aqueous continuous phase or may also be
present as ~ uspended solid particles. Particles Or solid
materials which are insoluble in the aqueous phase may be
51l- p~-n~d alternatively or in addition to any solid
electrolyte particles.
Although l~LL~LuLed liquids require some electrolyte
to be present in the continuous phase, the amount which
is present generally has to be limited for the sake of
stability. Nhen the present invention takes the form of
a structured liquid, an advantage is that the structuring
conferred by the ~urractant mixture of the invention will
tclerate a substantial amount of electrolyte.
Three common product forms which are of the
structured liquid types are licuids for heavy duty
fabrics washing, liquid abrasives and general purpose
cleaners.
In the first class, the ~ L~ l solid can comprise
s~p~n~d solids which are substantially the same a~ the
dissolved electrolyte, being an excess o~ 6ame beyond the
solubility limit. This solid is usually present as a
detergency builder, i . e . to counteract the e~ects of
calcium ion water hardness in the wash.
In the second class, the ~ d solid usually
comprises a particulate abrasive, in~olllhl~ in the
system. In that case the electrolyte, present to
contribute to the ~L~cLu~lng of the active material in
the dispe:sed phase, is g~nerally different from the
- 15 ~ 2055~11 C3394
abrasive ~:. In certain c~ses, the abrasive can
however comprise p~rtially soluble saltg which dissolve
when the product is diluted.
In the third class, the ~SLL~ LuLe is u~u~lly used
for fh~k~n;n~ the product to give ~ - pl~r~LL~d
10w propertie~, and sometime~ to ~uspend pigment
particles .
The invention will now be urther illustrated by the
following non-limiting Examples, in which parts and
percentages are by weight unless otherwi~e stated.
- 16 _ 20~411 C3394
T~XAMPT ,T` .$
~YAmr~l e 1
Aqueous wash liquors were prepared containing the
following materials in d~on~red water.
Alkyl polyglycoside
1 g~litre
Decyl monoglyceryl ether
Sodium metabor2te 0.05 molar
These quantities would be typical of using 6 g/litre
of a particulate detergent product containing 16 . 79~ by
weight surfactant. The wash licuors had pH of about 10,
resulting from the presence of the metaborate.
The alkylpolyglycoside was APG 300 from Horizon
rh,-Tn~C~l Co. This was of the formula
ROtG~X
where R is a 9 to 11 carbon Plkyl chain, G is glucose and
x has an average value of 1.4.
The decyl monoglyceryl ~ther was from TJn~r~h^-~. Its
formula was
R30CH2 -ICH-CH2OH
OH
where R3 was C10 alkyl.
- 17 - 2~1~5411 C3394
Wash liquors were preparea with various ratios of
the two surractants and used to wash polyester test
cloths soiled with r~ol~h~lled triolein. Washing was
carried out at 40C rOr 20 minutes in a Tergotometer.
The removal of triolein was det~rm~n~d and the
results are set out in Table 1 below.
Example 2
Example 1 was repeated, using l-0-ethyl
6-0-dodecanoylglucoside (from Novo Industri) as the
hydrophobic ~nnio-11c surractant. 6uch a material
conforms to the general rormula (A) above with R5 ~ C12
alkyl and R6 = ethyl. Again results are included in
Table 1.
~ml; les 3 and 4
Examples 1 and 2 were repeated using ~I dirferent
alkylpolyglycoside. APG 500 rrOm Horizon was used. This
has the formula
R(G)y
where R is C12 and C13 alkyl, G is glucose and x is 1. 4 .
30 ~--ult~ 32 -t ~:t 1= T~ 2 1~--loi/.
^
- 18 ~ 20S~ll C3394
TABLE 1
Ratio
APG 300/Co~urf~ctant % Triolein removal
Example 1 Ex~mple 2
100/0 58 . 9 58 . 9
80~20 62.4 54.4
60/40 41. 5 59 . 9
1540/60 8 . 3 66. 6
20/80 4.5 65.5
0/100 4 . 2 61 . 2
-19- 2D~il C3394
I'.~,r311E 2
Ratio
APG 500/Cosurfactant ~ Triolein removal
Example 3 Example 4
100/0 45 . 3 45. 3
80/20 57.3 57.3
60/40 46.9 62.7
1540/60 12 . 1 64 . 5
20/80 4.3 66.9
0/100 4 . 2 61. 2
It can be seen from the tables that in every example
there is a mixture of surfactant6 which gives better
triolein removal than either individual surfaGtant. The
proportions giving synergy fl~r~n~d on the nature of the
surfactants and can be found by experiments ~uch as
these .
- 20 - C3394CAl
205~4~1
~x~nlr)les S to 7
Structured li~uid compositions were prepared with
the formulations given below. In each case the
formulations were prepared by mixing the nonionic
surfactants together and then dispersing this premix into
a mixture of water and the other ingredients.
The alkylpolyglycoside was APG 600 from Horizon
which has the formula
RO(G)X
where R is derived from coconut, and is C12 to C16,
pr~ n; n~ntly C12 and C14, G is glucose and x has an
average value of 1.4. ~
The monoglyceryl ether was the same as used in
Example 1 .
Synperonic A7 is C13-C15 alcohol ethoxylated with an
average of 7 ethylene oxide residues. HLB value is 11.7.
The formulations were:
%
APG 600 9.1 10.8 3.7
Monoglyceryl ether 5 . 5 4. 6
3 0 Dodecanol - - 6 . 2
Synperonic A7 3 . 6 - 10 . 9
Glycerol - - 6 . 2
Sodium citr~te dihydrate 9.1 23.1
Borax - - 4 . 3
Deionised water --- balance ---
, ~ ,
.
-21- 2a~ C3394
The compositions were stable and showed no phase
separation on storage rOr at least one week at ambient
t~ e~ L,=s.
The pH Or the compositions was approximately 7 . S .
Exam~le 8
A ~LUU~UL~:d liquid composition was prepared by
adding the ingredients in the following order: Water,
rluorescer, zeolite, APG (as 509~ active material in
water), citrate, citric acid, glycerol, borax, a premix
of Synperonic A7 and the glyceryl ether, then L~ ~nln~
ingredients. The rormulation was:
APG 600 6.6
Synperonic A7 2 . 6
Glyceryl ether 3 . 9
Borax decahydrate 2 . 3
Sodiumcitrate dihydrate 2.1
Citric acid O . 9
Zeclite 4A (80~) 24.0
Narlex LD3 1 O . 2
DB lOO 0. 2
Tinopal CBS-X 0.1
Alcalase 2 . 34 L 0 . 5
3 0 Water balance
The glyceryl ether was the same material as used in
Examples 1 and 5.5
.
- 22 - ~0~5411 C3394
Narlex LD31 is a polyacrylate having a ~ cl~l Ar
weight of about 4000, ex National 6tarch;
DB 100 i6 a s~ n~ anti~oam material ex Dow
Corning.
Tinopal C~3S-X is a rluorescer material.
The composition did not show any ph~se ~eparation
upon storage rOr 2 months at ambient temperature, the
viscosity Or the product was 830 mPas at 21 8 1, the pH
Or the product was 8.1.
--
- 23 - 2055411 C3394
~Y~T~nl es 9 llnd 10
Two suitable formulations for a granular detergent
composition are as follows:
9 10
10(i~ alkylpolyglycoside )
13 21
(ii) specified nonionic
surfactant
15Sodium silicate 0 . 8 0 . 8
Zeolite (builder) 24 32
Copolymer of acrylic and
maleic acids 4 6
Sodium carbonate 12 15
20Sodium carb~,~y ~l-yl cellulose 0.5 0.5
Sodium perbor~te - -h-ydLc.te 8 8
Tetraacetyl ethylene diamine 2 . 0 2 . 0
Per~ume, fluorescer <1 <1
Sodium sulphate 20 Nil
25 Water balance to 100%.
The granular compositions may be prepared by
agglomeration of the lngredients into granule~ using ~
pan granulator, or can be p~u-luaed by conventional spray
drying and post dosing.
-
- 24 - 2~5~411 C3394
~YAmt~le 11, Coml~aratlve Example A
Wash liquors were prepared cn~t~n~ng 5 g/l each o~
the formulations given below, typical o~ granular
deterqent compositiong ~ree of godium sulphate, in 24F~I
water. Radio-l ~h~l 1 ec~ triolein removal was monitored in
a 20-minute wash at 40C ~8 described in Exampl~ 1.
%
11
APG 600 10.2 17.0
C10 glycerol monoether 6 . 8
Zeolite 32 . 0 32 . 0
Sokalan CP5 4 . 0 4 . 0
15Sodium silicate 0 . 5 0 . 5
Sodium caLLuxy ~hyl cellulose 0 . 5 0 . 5
Sodium carbonate 14 . 5 14 . 5
Sodium perborate - -' y-lL~te 12 .o 12 .0
TAED (83% qranules) 7.8 7.8
Triolein removal (%) 57 . 5 54 . 5
The glyceryl ether was the same material as used in
2 5 Example 1.
The APG 600 was A similar material to that used in
Example 5, but obtained from Henkel rh~-m~CA7 Company.
Sokalan (Trade MarX) CP5 iB an ~crylic/maleic /'
copolymer eX BASF.
The system containing the low-HLB cosurractant
clearly gave the better cleaning.
- 25 - 20~ 39~
~YAm~le 12, Co,m~parative ~Y~mnl e B
The ~l.,ceduLæ of ~Y~mr]~ 11 And A was repeated
using wash liquorg containing the formulations given
below, containing sodium sulphate ~nd a lower surfactant
level, at c~n~ C~n~rations of 6 g/l.
%
'~
APG 600 7.8 13.0
C10 glycerol monoether 5 . 2
Zeolite 24 . 0 24 . 0
Sokalan CP5 4 . 0 4 . 0
15Sodium silicate 0 . 5 0 . 5
Sodium caLLu.. y ~ thyl cellulose 0 . 5 0 . 5
Sodium carbonate 14 . 5 14 . 5
Sodium perborate monohydrate 8. 0 8 . 0
TAED (83% granules) 2.4 2.4
Z0Sodium sulphate 25 . 0 25 . 0
Triolein removal (%) 59.5 57.2
Again, the system containing the low-HLB
cosurfactant gave the better ~ n~n7.
- 26 ~ 2 0 5~ C3394
EY~mnle 13. Com~arative Exam~les C to E
In this Example, the combination of APG 600 (as used
in r ,1~ 11 and 12) with C10 monoglyceryl ether was
compared with combinations of APG 600 with ethoxylated
Clo monoglyceryl ethers. The - t' n8~10gy was as in
Example 1, the surfactant systems being dissolved to a
total co..c~llLLc.tion of 1 g/l in O.OSM sodium metaborate
at 40C in demineralised water.
The cosurfactants used were as follows:
15 Example 13: C10 glyceryl - - 6 t.' - (as Example 1)
Example C: C10 (E0)2 glyceryl monoether
Example D: C10 (E0) 4 glyceryl monoether
Example E: C10 ~E0)6 glyceryl monoether
The results are shown in Table 3, where the
asterisked f igures represent the highest detergency
~tt~lned ~lth ~ch co~ln~tlon.
~ 2055~11
~r o N O O O
') +l +l +l +l +l +l +l
1 o a~ o Ir) ~
~r ~r u~ ~ u) ~ N
o
+l
~I --I ~I 1` O~ O
t'~
N ~ ~ ~ ~r N ~ ~
,¢ ~ O N ~i N O O O
E~ , +l +l +l +l +l +l +l
1 ~1 o o~ o o\ o ~i
O O O N Itl O O
+l +l +l +l +l +l +l
~l ~I Ct) ~D ~ N ~O
IS N N ~q ~D 1'')
~r In Ul 0 ~
..
01
O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
~ æ ~ N o
K ~ r N O
u~ o In O U~ O
~1 _I N N ~')
.
- 28 - 20~i~i411 C3394
Alone, ~11 the ethoxylated glyceryl ethers were
clearly better Durfactants than the ~,t l~u,.ylated
material, the 2E0 glyceryl ether being the best and
detergency then deteriorating with increasing degree of
ethoxylation; the 2E0 and 4EO materials being 6uperior
to APG 600 alone, while the 6EO material was inferior.
As ~-Ypet-~cl, combination o~ APG 600 with the 2E0
material gave no advantag~ but simply reduced the
detergency towards the lower value shown by the APG
alone. With the 4E0 material, a small ~ynergistic
bene~it was found but the effect of the cosurfactant
clearly predominated, the maximum detergency being
observed at 20% APG/80% cosurfactant and being only
slightly higher than that of the coDurfactant alone.
With the 6E0 material, the ~ .veLDe was true: a very
small synergistic effect waD possibly present but the
effect o~ the APG clearly pI~ '- ;n~ted, the maximum
detergency being obs~s~v~d at 80% APG/20% cosurfactant and
being only slightly higher than that of the APG alone.
The unethoxylated material, however, which on its
own showed very poor detergency, exhibited very -Dtrong
synergy with the APG and the maximum detergency, at 60%
APG/40% cosurfactant, was subst~n~;Ally higher than that
of the APG alone and only ~lightly lower than that
obtained from the combination of APG with the much more
~ff~ci~nt 4E0 material.
