Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
- LIOUID BLEACH COMPOSITION
The present invention relates to a liquid detergent
composition comprising an aqueous base, detergent active
materials and a bleach material.
It has been proposed in EP 293 040 (P&G) to formulate liquid
det2rgent compositions comprising a perborate bleach material
and a water-soluble solvent system to increase the stability
of the bleach ln the aqueous phase. Similar solvents in
combina~ion with bleaches are proposed in EP 294 904 tP&G).
In formulating liquid aqueous detergent compositions
; 15 comprising a bleach material, we have noted that bleach
instability problems sometimes occur. Although not yet fully
understood this instability is believed to be caused by the
solubilisation of the bleach materials in the aqueous phase,
followed by the decomposition of the dissolved bleach
20 materials.
Surprisingly it has now been found that stable bleach
containing liquid aqueous detergent compositions can be
formulated, provided that said compositions also comprise a
specific silicate stabilising material.
Accordingly, the present invention relates a liquid detergent
composition comprising an aqueous base containing from 10-30%
by weight of detergent active materials, from 1-40% by weight
of a solid particuIate peroxygen bleach material and from 0.4
to 5 % by weight of alkali metal silicate material, preferably
a disillcate mat~rial.
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bleach material
Compositions according to the present invention comprise a
bleach material, which is preferably a peroxygen bleach. This
bleach component may be present in the system in dissolved
form, but preferred is that only part of the peroxygen bleach
is solubilized, the remaining part preferably being present as
solid pero~- gen particles which are suspended _n the system.
i0
Examples of suitable bleach compounds include the perborates,
persulfates, peroxy disulfates, perphosphates and the
crystalline peroxyhydrates formed by reacting hydrogen
peroxide with urea or alkali metal carbonate. Also
encapsulated bleaches may be used. Preferred bleaches are only
partially soluble in the system. Especially preferred is the
use of perborate or percarbonate bleaches.
.
The bleach component is preferably added in an amount
corresponding to 0.1 to 15% by weight of active oxygen, more
preferred from 0.5 to 10% active oxygen, typically from 1.0 to
5.0% active oxygen. Typical amounts of bleach will be between
1 and 40 % by weight of the aqueous composition, more
preferred from 7 to 30%, especially preferred from 10 to 25 %
by weight of the composition.
silicate material
Compositions of the invention also comprise an alXali metal
silicate material. Suitable silicate materials are for example
sodium and potassium silicates, for example sodium
metasilicate and sodium disilicates. The use of alkali metal
disilicates is preferred.
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Although not yet fully understood it is believed that the
alkali metal silicate material can have two functions, firstly
it prevents the solubilisation of the bleach material,
therewith minimizing the amount of instable dissolved bleach
and secondly it retards the decomposition of the dissolved
bleach materials.
The level of alkali metal silicate material is pre~erably from
0.4 to 5 %.
detergent actlve materials
Compositions of the present invention also comprise detergent
active materials. Surprisingly it has been ~ound that a
combination of bleach materials and alXali metal silicate
materials is suitable for use in ready to use aqueous liquid
detergent compositions.
:
In the widest definition thé detergent active materials in
general, may comprise one or more surfactants, and may be
selected from anionic, cationic, nonionic, zwitt~rionic and
amphoteric species, and (provided mutually compatible)
mixtures thereof. For example, they may be chosen from any of
the classes, sub-classes and speciric materials described in
"Surface Active Agents" Vol. I, by Schwartz & Perry,
I~terscience 1949 and "Surface Active Agents" Vol. II by
Schwartz, Perry & Berch (Interscience 1958), in the current
; ~ edition of "McCutcheon's Emulsifiers & Detergents" published
by the McCutcheon division of Manufacturing Confectioners
Company or in Tensid-Taschenburch", H. Stache, 2nd Edn.,
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Carl Hanser Verlag, Munchen & Wien, 1981.
SuitablP nonionic surfactants include, in particular,
the raaction ~roducts of compounds having a hydrophobic
yroll ~.d a r~a5-'clv~ hydrogen atom, for example
aliphaiic alconols, acids, amides or alkyl phenols with
alXylen~ oxid2s, especially ethylene oxide either alone
or with propylene o~ide. Specific nonionic detergent
compounds aro al~yl (C5-cl8) primary or secondary
lo linear or ~ranched alcohols with ethylene oxide, and
prod1lcts m~de ~y condensation of ethylene oxide with the
reaction ~ oducts of propyl2ne oxide and
ethylenedi~mineO ~her ~o-called nonionic detergent
compounds includQ long chain tertiary amine oxides, long
15 chain tertiary phosphine oxides and dialXyl sulphoxides.
Also possible is the use of salting out resistant active
materials, such as for example described in EP 328 177,
especially the use of alkyl poly glycoside surfactants,
20 such as for example disclosed in EP 70 074.
Suitable anionic surfactants are usually water-soluble
alkali metal salts of organic sulphates and sulphonates
having alXyl radicals containing from about 8 to about
22 carbon atoms, the term alkyl being used to include
the alkyl portion of higher acyl radicals. Examples of
suitable synthetic anionic detergent compounds are
sodium and potassium alkyl sulphates, especially those
o~tained by sulphating higher (C8-C18) alcohols produced
for exa~ple from taIlow or coconut oil, sodium and
potassiùm alkyl (Cg-C20) henzene sulphonates,
particularly sodium linear secondary alky~ (C10-Cl5)
benz~ne sulphonates; sodium alkyl glyceryl ether
sulphatPs, espPrially those ethers of the higher
~i~ 35 alcohols derived Irom tallow or coconut oil and
synthetic alcohols derived from petroleum; sodium
coconut oil fatty monoglyceride sulphates and
acid esters of higher (C8-Cl8) fatty alcohol-alkylene oxide,
particularly ethylene oxide, reaction products; the reaction
products of fa-tty acids such as coconut fa~t~ acids esterified
with isethionic acid and neutralised with sodium hydroxide;
sodium and potassium salts or fatty acid amides of methyl
taurine; alkane monosulphonates such as those derived by
reacting alpha-oleIins (C8-C20) with sodium _isulphite and
those derived from reacting paraffins with S02 and C12 and then
hydrolysing with a base to produce a random sulphonate; and
olefin sulphona~es, r~/hich cerm is used to desc_ibe the
material made by reacting olefins, particularly C10-C20 alpha-
olefins, with S03 and tnen neutralising and hydrolysing the
reaction product. The preferred anionic detergent compounds
are sodium (C11-C~ 5! alkvl benzene sulphonatQs and sodium or
: 15 potassium primary (C10-Cl8) alkyl sulphates.
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It is also possible, and sometimes preferred, to include an
alkali metal soap of a fatty acid, especially a soap of an
acid having from 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example oleic
acid, ricinoleic acid! and fatty acids derived from castor
oil, alkylsuccinic acid, rapeseed oil, groundnut.oil, coconut
oil, palmkernel oil or mixtures thereof. The sodium or
potassium soaps of these acids can be used.
~ 25 The total detergent active material will be present at from
; 10~ to 30~ by weight o~ th- total composition.
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optional inqradients
Composltions of ths in~ention may be un-structured
(iso.~ ? ~) o^. s-rlc'u-edO St~lc!ur2d liguids of the
invent~on ma-y be inLernally structured whereby the
structuro is -o~od by chs detergent active materials in
the composltion or ~2xtocnally structured, whereby the
struc4urs io pro~id-d by an ext~rnal structurant.
Pr~3~2~a~li CCmpOSi~iOils Ol~ the invention are internally
uc~u-
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SomP 5f th2 d-~f~r~nt ';in1s of active-structuring which
ar2 pOooi~12 are descri~2d in the reference H.A. Barnes,
~` 15 "Detergants", Ch.2. in K. ~alters (Ed), "Rheometry:
Indust~ial Applications", J. ~iley & Sons, Letchworth
1980. In general, the degree of ordering of such systems
increases with increasing surfactant and/ox electrolyte
concentrations. At very low concentrations, the
surfactant can exist as a molecular solution, or as a
solution of spherical micelles, both of these being
; isotropic. With the addition of further surfactant
and/or alectroly~e, ~tructured (antisotropic) systems
can form. They are referred to respectively, by various
terms such as rod-micelles, planar lamellar structures,
lamellar droplets and liquid crystalline phases. Often,
different workers have used different terminology to
refer to the structures which are really the same. For
instance, in European patent specification EP-A-151
884, lamellar droplets are called "spherulites". The
presence and identity of a surfactant structuring system
in a liquid may be determined by means known to those
skilled in the art for example, optical techniques,
various rheometrical measurements, x-ray or neutron
diffrac,ion, and som2ti~2s, el~ctron microscopy.
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When the compositions are of lamellar droplet structure
WO91/12307
PCT/EP91/00258
then in many cases it is preferred for the aqueous
continuous phase to contain dissolved electrolyte. As
used herein, the tsrm electrol~te means any ionic water
soluble material. However, in lamPllar dispersions, not
all the alectrolyte is n~cessa-- ly rl issol-ied '~U~ m2y .'~e
suspended as particles of solid becauss the total
electrolyte concsntration of the liquid is higher -than
the solubility limit of the electrolyt2. '~lixtures of
electrolytes also may be used, with one or more of ~he
~lectrolytss ~eing in the dissol~led a~l2ous phas2 and
one or more ~eing substantia' y o-li n ~ _ su3per.ded
solid phase. Two or more el~ctroly'es may also be
distributed approximately proportionally, ~etw~-~n these
two phases. In part, this may depend on processing, e.g.
the order of addition of components. On the other hand,
the term "salts" includes all organic and inorganic
materials which may be included, other than surfactants
and water, whether or not they are ionic, and this term
encompasses the sub-set of the electrolytes (water
soluble materials).
The selection of surfactant types and their proportions,
in order to obtain a stable liquid with th~ required
structure will be fully within the capability of those
skilled in the art. However, it can be mentioned that an
important sub-class of useful compositions is those
where the detsrgent active material comprises blends of
different surfactant types. Typical blends us2ful for
fabric washing compositions include those where the
primary surfactant(s) comprise nonionic and~or a non-
alkoxylated anionic and/or an alkoxylated anionic
surfactant.
In the case of blends of surfactants, the precise
proportions of each component which will result in such
stability and viscosity will de~end on the type(s) and
amount(s) of the electrolytes, as is the case with
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WO91/12307
PCr/EP91/0~?~8
conventional structured liquids.
Prefera~ 7 though, the composltions contain from 1% to
S0%, especial'y ~cm 10 t3 ~5`'~' 3f a salting-out
', 5 ~12c~ _, S~ ,7~ s th~ ~aning
ascribed to in specification EP-A-79 646, that is
salting-out el~c_~o'~yt~s haYe a lyotropic number of less
than 9.5. Op~ ionally~ ome saltlng-in electrolyte (as
defined in -'_ha lat-t a_ spaci-ic2~-ion) may also be
included, p~o~id~d it is o^ a '.r.~.nd and in an amollnt
compa b'~-lith -'h_ ~'he- -smpone-.-'s ar.d the composition
is still n accordanc~ r,~ ~h ~h~ clefinition of the
~'~, invention clai~ed~he;-~in. S0~2 or all of the ~lectrolyte
(whether sal~ing-in o~ salting-out), or any
substantially T~atPr insoluble salt which may be present,
' ~ may have detergency builder properties. In any event, it
is preferred that compositions according to the present
in~ention include detergency ~uilder material, some or
all of which may be electrolyte. The builder material is
any capable of reducing the level of free calcium ions
,~ in the wash liquor and will preferably provide the
composition with other beneficial properties such as the
generation of an al~a'ine p~, the ~uspension of soil
removed from the fabric and the dispersion of the fabric
softening clay matexial. Preferably the salting-out
electroIyte comprises citrat~.
.
~, ' Examples of phosphorous-containing inorganic detergency
builders, ~hen present, include the water-soluble salts,
~'' 30 especially alkali metal pyrophosphates, orthophosphates,
polyphosphates and phosphonates. Specific examples of
inorganic phosphate builders include sodium and
potassium tripolyphosphates, phosphates and
hexametaphosphates. Phosphonate sequestrant builders may
also be used.
Examples of non-phosphorus-containing inorganic
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WO91~12307 ~"~ r
~ ;Y~T/EP91/00258
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detergency builders, when present, include water-
soluble alXali metal carbonates, bicarbonates, silicates
and crystalline and amorphous aluminosilicates. Specific
examples include sodium carbonate (~ith or ~ithout
calcite seeds), potassi7l~ c2 ~o~.a~a, ~o~ n,~
potassium bicarbonates and z~olitas.
In the cont2xt of inorganic builders, W2 ora~r to
include electrolytes which promote the solubility o~
other ~l~ctrolytes, for example usa or po~a3sium salts
to promot_ the solubility of sodlum salts. Th~r~b~I, the
amount of dissolved elsctrol~t can b~ inc-eased
considPrably (crystal dissolutlon) as dasc~lbed in UK
~; ~ patent specification GB l 302 ~i3.
Examples of organic detergency builders, ~hen present,
include the alkaline metal, ammonium and substituted
a~monium polyacetates, carboxylates, polycarboxylates,
polyacetyl carboxylates and polyhydroxysulphonates.
Specific examples include sodium, potassium, lithium,
ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, nitrilitriacetic acid,
o~ydisuccinic acid, CNOS, TMS, TDS, melitic acid,
benzene polycar~oxylic acids and citric acid.
Preferably the l~vel of non-soap builder material is
from 0-50% by weight of the composition, more preferred
from 5-40%, most preferred lO-35%.
In the context of organic builders, it is also desirable
to incorporate polymers which are only partly dissolved,
; in the aqueous continuous phase as described in EP
301.882. This allows a viscosity reduction (due to the
polymer which is dissol~ad) ~hilst incorporating a
sufficiently high amount to achievs a secondar~ ~enerit,
especially building, because the part ~hich is not
dissolved does not bring about the instability that
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WO91/12307 ~ .~,"`~` ~
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would occur if substantially all were dissolved. Typical
amounts are rrom 0.5 to 4.5% by weight.
It is furtr.er poss~31~ -to include ln the compositions of
S tho ?~-~S~ r~ ~,~ Y~ ldltion to
the partly âisio7v~d polym~r, ye~ another polymer which
; is su'3stantially ~otal~ ,olu~l~ in tne aoueous phase -
and has an ~l~ct~o'yt~ _~sis~ance or mo:^2 th2n S grams
sodium ni_,ilot_iaceta~2 in 100ml of a 5% by ~eight
aqueous solution Or r'1e PO1~,r~er~ said serond 301ymer
also h2.~ g a ~JaP'`jU p'-eSS-i.'.--'' 'nn ~0~ a~eOU.S 501~1tiOI1~ .
equal to or lesg tnan ';he vapou~ pressure OL a reference
2% by ~ t or ~ 7~ a~7~ 7~s ~o~ 7 on ~r po~ t~ylene
glycol having an avs-rage ~oi~cul-tr w2ignl or 6000; said
second polymer having a mol~ct~lar weight of at least
1000. Use of such polym2rs is generally described in our
EP 301,883. Typical levels are from 0.5 to 4.5% by
weight.
~he viscosity of compositions according to the present
is preferably less than 1,500 mPa.s, more preferred less
` than 1,000 mPa.s, especially preferred between 30 and
900 mPa.s at 21 5-1,
One way of regulating the viscosity and stability of
compositions ac~ording to the present invention is to
include viscosity regulating polymeric materials.
Viscosity and/or stability regulating polymers which are
preferred for incorporation in compositions according to
the invention include deflocculating polymers having a
hydrophilic bac~bone and at least one hydrophobic side
chain. Such polymers are for lnstanc2 described in our
copending European applicatlon r~ 89201530 . 6
(EP 346 9g5).
; Deflocculation polymers for use in detergent
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formulations according to the present invention may be
of anionic, nonionic or cationic nature. Anionic
deflocculating polymers are preferred.
The hydrophilic bac~bon2 of the pol~r~er is typic211l a
homo-, co- or ter-polymer containing carboxylic acid
groups (or more preferably) salt forms thereof), e.g.
maleat~ or acrylate polymers or co-polymsrs o r ch~s2
together or with other monomer units such as vinyl
ethers, styrene atc. The hydropho~ic chain or chains
typically are sel2cted from saturated ~rd unsat~tr~'cod
alkyl chains, e.g. having from 5 to ~4 ca~bon atoms and
are optionally bonded to the bac~bonP via an al'~o.~lene
or polyalkoxylene linkage, for example a polyechoxy,
polypropoxy or butyloxy (or mixtures of same) linkage
having from 1 to 50 alkoxylene groups. Thus, in some
forms, the side chain(s) will essentially have the
character of a nonionic surfactant. Preferred anionic
polymers are disclosed in our copending European patent
application EP 89201530.6 (EP 346 995).
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Preferably the amount of viscosity regulating polymer is
from 0.1 to S% by weight of the total composition, more
preferred from 0.2 to 2%.
Compositions of the invention may also comprise
- materials for adjusting the pH. For lowering the pH it
is preferred to use wea~ acids, especially the use of
organic acids is preferred, more preferred is the use of
C 1-8 carboxylic acids, most preferred is the use of
citric acid. The use of these pH lowering agents is
especially preferred when the compositions of the
invention contain enzymes such as amylases, proteases
and lipolases.
Apart from the ingredients already mentioned, a number
of optional ingredients may also be present, for example
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lather boosters such as alkanolamides, particularly the
monoethanolamides derived from palm kernel fatty acids
and coconut fatty acids, fabric softeners such as clays,
amines and amine oxides, lather depressants, inorganic
salts such as sodium sulphate, and, usuall~ pres2nt in
very mlnor amounts, fluorescent agents, perfumes,
germicides colourants and enzymes such as proteases,
cellulases, amylases and lipases (including Lipolase
(Trade. Mar~) ex Novo). Suitable examples of protease
enzymes are Savinase~ (ex Novo), Maxacal~ (Gist-
Brocades), Opticlean~ (ex MKC) or AP122~ (ex ShoT,7a
Denko), Alcalase~, Maxatase~, Esperase~, Optimase3,
proteinase K and subtilisin BPN. Suitable lipases are
.: for example Lipolase~ (ex Novo), Amano l pases, ~eito
lipases, Lipozym~, SP 225, SP 285, Toyo Jozo lipase.
Suitable amylases are for example Termamyl~ (TM of Novo)
and Maxamyl~. Suitable cellulases include Celluzym~ (ex
: Novo).
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Compositions of the invention preferably comprise from
10 -80 % by weight of water, more preferably-~from 15-
60%, most preferably from 20-50 %.
Liquid detergent compositions according to the invention
are preferably physically stable in that they show less
than 2% by volume phase separation upon storage for 21
days after preparation at 25C.
~ Liquid detergent compositions according to the invention
are:preferably volume stable in that they show less than
: 25% preferably less than 10%, more preferably less than
5% volume increase during storage at a temperature
between 20 and 37C for a period of three months after
preparation.
For obtaining good volume stability, preferably the
compositions according to the present invention also
~ . comprise a second stabilising agent for the bleach
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component. Suitable stabilisers are well-known in art
and include EDTA, Magnesium silicates and phosphonates
such as for instance the Dequest~ range ex Monsanto and
Naphthol~ ex Merck. Preferably the amount of these
stabilising agents is from 0.05 to 5 % b~ ~"eight of -the
composition, more preferred from 0.05 to 1% of the
composition.
Compositions of the present invention may comprise one
or more bleach precursor agents. A well-known example o.
such an agent is TAED. Preferably the bleach precursor
agent is present in the system in at least partly
undissolved form. One way of ensuring that the precursor
is present in undissolved form is to increase the amount
of electrolyte in the composition, therewith reducing
the solubility of the precursor in the system. Suitable
eIectrolytes for this purpose are for instance the at
least partially water soluble carbonate, sulphate and
halogenide salts.
In use the detergent compositions of the inve~tention
will be diluted with wash water to form a wash liquor
for instance for ùse in a washing machine. The
concentration of liquid detergent composition in the
; 25 wash liquor is preferably from 0.05 to 10 %, more
preferred from 0.1 to 3% by weight.
To ensure effective detergency, the liquid detergent
compositions preferably are alkaline, and it is
preferred that they should provide a pH within the range
of about 7.0 to 12, preferably about 8 to about 11, when
used in aqueous solutions of the composition at the
recommended concentration. To meet this requirement, the
undiluted liquid composition should preferably be of a
pH above 7, for example about pH 3.0 to about 12.5. It
should be noted that an excessively high pH, e.g. over
about pH 13, is less desirable for domestic safety. If
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WO91~12307 ~ 14 PC~/EP91/00~8
hydrogen peroxide is present in the liquid composition,
then the pH is generally from 7.5 to lO.5, preferably 8
to lO, and especially 8.5 to lO, to Pnsure th~ combin2d
effect of good detergency and good physical and ~hemj~al
S sta~iliLy. The ing.odi2n.s -n any saoh h ~:~.", ~.'';~'.-n~
detergent composition should, of cours2, be c~.0~2n for
alkaline stability, especially .~or p~-~ensi~_' `i3'
materials such as enzymes, ancl a partioula~ uitabl~
proteolytic enzyme. The p~ may be adj~s.2d by addLcio~
of a suitable alXaline or acid ma~ ial.
Compositions according to the invent~on may bQ prQ~ared
by any method for the pre3a.ation of 'i~uid d~te-ge~,t
compositions. ~ preferred ~athod in-~olve~ e a~A ' t~Ol~
of the alXali metal silicate to water, which optionally
comprises one or more of the other ingredients of the
formulation. The bleach materials are preferably added
as a pre-dispersion .
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The invention will now be illustrated by way of the
following Examples. In all Examples, unless stated to
the contrary, all percentages are by weight.
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WO91/12307 2~ ~ 3 'i ~1 ~ PCT/EP91/00258
Example I
The following composition was prepared by adding the
ingredients in the listed order to water:
-
Inqredient (wt ~arts~ _ A B
Na disilicate 0.5 --
Na perborate .~ H20 49.5 55
watar 40 40
dissol~red blsach1~ 1.9 2.1
half lif2 time in days at 37C 352) <<1
decompos~d bleach3) 0.027 >1.65
1) wt % of dissolved perborate in isolated electrolyte
phase at t=0, and at room temperature
2) extrapolated.
3) in weight-% of the total bleach in the isolated
electrolyte phase after 1 day.
Composition A had a pH of about ll and contained about
1.9 % by weight of the bleach matexial in solubilised
form, the half-life time of the bleach at 37C was 35
days. Composition B had a pH of about 9.8 and contained
about 2.1 ~ by weight of the bleach material in
solubilised form. The half-life time of the dissolved
bleach was significantly less than 1 day.
This example clearly illustrates that alkali metal
disilicates can advantageously be used for the
stabilisation oi bleach.
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Example II
The following liquid detergent compositions may be
Eormulat2d by addiny the ingredients to water in the
listed order:
.
Inqredl~nL Basic formulation (~ wt)
1 2 3 4 5
Na ~OBS 8.5 8.5 7.5 7.5 4.3
Synper3nic~ A7 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 6.0
Na oleats 2.7 10.8 8.1 10.8 --
Glycerol 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
Na-disilicate . 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5
STP 22 22 22 22 22
Na-perborate.4H20 15 10 12 10 20
Polymer *) 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 2.0
water ------- up to 100 ~
*) Polymer A-2 as described in EP 89201530.6
: (EP 346 995)- ~
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Exam~le III
The following compositions were made by adding the
electrolyte together with the minor ingredients except
for t~e pe~ me and the enzymes to water o~ elevated
temperature, followed by the addition of the
deflocculating polymer and then the detergent active
materials as a pre-mix under stirring and thereafter
~: cooling the mixture and adding the enzymes and the
perfumes.
INGREDIEN~ !~wt) A 3 C D
- NaLas 21 21 21 21
Synperonic~ ~7 9 ~ 9 9
Na-disilicate 1 4 1 4
Na-citrate 2aq 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.3
Dequest~ 2060S(100%) 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
Perborate tetra 20 20 20 20
Alcalase~ 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
caC12 2H2 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15
Tinopal~ CBS-X 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1'
.: Silicon DB 100 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25
Perfume 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
`. polymer
water <-~ balance ~ ->
' p~ - g 9 11 11
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The perborate was added-as a 65 % predispersion in water
~ (Proxsol~ ex ICI), the polymer was a deflocculating
; 30 polymer described as A44 in EP 3A6 995, the pH was
' adjusted, if necessary, with citric acid.
The viscosity of the products ~as measured in mPa.s at
.~: 215-1; the volume stability was determined by measuring
. 35 the maximum volume increase during storage of three
months at ambient temperature; the physical stability
was determined by checking the phase separation and
solid
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sedimentation upon storage; the Bleach stability
indicates the percentage of bleach left after storage of
4 weeks at 37 C. The following results were obtained:
~ a C D
Viscosi~y 1230 4830 1250 4870
Volume staD. o% >14% 0~ 0%
Physical sta~.
-phase sep. <~ stable ------>
-solid sed. <------ stable ------>
Bleach stab. 93% 95% 92% 90%
These results indicate that good bleach stability can be
; obtained -~hen using an alkali metal disilicate in
combination with Lleach.
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