Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
208798~
LIQUID FABRIC SOFTENERS CONTAINING
MICROEMULSIFTFn AMTNn SI_hNFS
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to fabric care compositions and to a
method for treating fabrics in order to improve various properties
of the fabric, in particular. reduction of fiber-fiber and yarn-yarn
5 friction.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The use of silicones for softening fabrics, i.e., providing
lubrication between fibers and yarns so they move over one another
more easily. has been well known for quite some time. In addition,
10 the use of u,~" 'ified silicones for textile l,~e~ has also
been well ~ ed over the years (See U.S. Pat. Nos.: 4.620,878.
Gee, issued Nov. 4, 1986; 4.705,704, Lane et al., issued Nov. 10,
1987: 4.800,026. Coffindaffer et al.. issued Jan. 24. 1989:
4,824,877, Glover et al., issued April 25, 1989: and 4,824,890.
Glover et al ., issued April 25, 1989; also of interest is GB 2215729,
Walbeoff, published September 27, 1989). Silicones of this type are
typically delivered to textiles in the form of an aqueous emulsion.
More recently, much work has col~c~"~ ed on the aqueous delivery of
these systems via microemulsions. The above art suggests that
20 microemulsions have two advantages over conventional "macro"
emulsions: ~1) they are more stable and (2) they require less
mechanical energy to make.
While hand evaluation of fabrics to determine softness is
still practised widely. about 20 years ago Dr. Sueo Kawabata et al.
25 began evaluating textiles via a mechanical approach. They designed
instruments to measure low deformation forces, typical of hand
analysis, on fabrics. Although these instruments (commonly known as
the Kawabata Evaluation System or KES) were designed to be quality
control tools for fabric acceptance, the lnstruments
.,
2~8798~
have also been used to study the effect of fabric L~ . Two
such studies have been published by Union Carbide Co.: Sabia, A.J.
and Pagluighi. A.M., Textile Chemist and Colorist. Vol. 19, No. 3,
March, 1987, p. 5: and Barndt, H.J., Sabia. A.J. and Pagluighi, A.M.,
Textile Chemist and Colorist. Vol . 21, No. 12, December. 1989, p. 16.
The shearing instrument, in particular the shearing hysteresis
r,.~asu,.. ,L, is believed to be indicative of the ease with which
fibers and/or yarns move over one another. Thus. the lower the shear
hysteresis value. the better the lubricant.
The term "reduced fiber-fiber/yarn-yarn friction" (reduced
friction between individual fibers within the yarn as well as between
the yarn strands) as used herein means that the fabric exhibits a
lower shear hysteresis value as measured by the KES shearing
instrument. While not wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed
that a reduction in reduced fiber-fiber/yarn-yarn friction provides
better drape. hand, and wrinkle removal during tumble drying and
ironing processes due to the fibers being more easily moved over one
another.
SUMMA~Y OF THE INVENTION
In acc~ d~ e with one aspect of the invention there is
provided A liquid fabric care composition comprising: tl) a suitable
microemulsified amine functional silicone for improved reduction of
fiber fiber/yarn-yarn friction, wherein said microemulsified amine
functional silicone has an average molecular weight of from about
1.000 to about 100,000: (2) from about 2% to about 35% by weight of
the total composition of fabric softener, wherein said fabric
softener is selected from the group consisting of: i. quaternary
ammonium compounds: ii. fatty amines: i~i. fatty amides: iv. fatty
acids: v. fatty alcohols: and vi. mixtures thereof: and (3) a
suitable carrier for (1) and (2), wherein the weight ratio of
microemulsified amine functional silicone to fabric softener is from
about 17:1 to about 1:350.
DETATI Fn DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to microemulsified amine functional
silicone compositions for reduced fiber-fiber/yarn-yarn friction.
In another respect this invention relates to methods of using such
microemulsified amine functional silicone compositions in the care
of fabrics for reduced fiber-fiber/yarn-yarn friction. Preferred
compositions are aqueous fabric softeners. Such compositions are
IB
2~87985
2a
usually added to either the wash or rinse water of a laundering
operation. These preferred compositions are aqueous based, water-
dispersible compositions which contain from about 0.05% to about 25X.
more preferably from about 0.1% to about 15% of the microemulsified
5 amine functional silicones. The compositions are diluted in the wash
or rinse.
3 2~798S
Surprisingly the Microemulsified Amine Functional Silicones
(MAFS) ill~uluu, d~ed into a liquid fabric softener composition exhibit
a synergistic behavior when compared to the .u"e~uu"~ing macro
emulsified material. Said differently. used by itself the MAFS
5 pel r~" ",c",~e for reduced fiber- fi ber/yarn-yarn friction i s not as good
as that of the macroemulsified system: however in the context of a
liquid fabric softener composition the MAFS composition provides a
greater reduction in shear hysteresis values than the ~ uu,,ding
macroemulsion in an analogous liquid fabric softener composition.
10 A preferred I - il.. ~.,~ comprises: a liquid rinse water
composition comprising the microemulsified amine functional silicone
plus fabric softener. preferably quaternary ammonium fabric softener.
In a preferred execution about 0.1X to about 10% by weight of
microemulsified amine functional silicone is mixed into any suitable
prior art laundry liquid fabric softener composition. The result is
a fabric care composition that provides a reduced fiber-fiber/yarn-
yarn friction benefit to the treated fabric.
SilicDne Microemulsions
Over the last 5 years. there have been many patents published
in the area of silicone microemulsions (U.S. Pat. Nos.: 4.620.878:
4 705.704: 4 824 877: 4 824 890 all supra: also of interest is GB
2215729 all ~). In this literature silicone micrûemulsions
have been described as translucent silicone emulsions with average
particle sizes smaller than 0.14 microns. In this art
microemulsions are taught as having two advantages over conventional
macro emulsions: (1) they are more stable and (2) they require less
mechanical energy to make. There is no disclosure elther that
microemulsions can reduce fiber to fiber and/or yarn to yarn friction
as compared to macroemulsions when used with a fabric softener.
Since microemulsions are inferior in p~, r(" ~c~ce to macroemulsions
when used alone any investigation which starts logically with the
individual dispersions would discourage further investigation.
The amine functional silicones herein preferably have an
average molecular weight of from about 1 000 to about 100 000
~` '.
~0 92/01~73 PCI/US91/0472~
2087985 4
preferably from about l,OO0 to 50,000, more preferably from about
1,500 to about 20,000, and can be prepared by emulsion polymeri-
zation of low molecular weight polymers and/or monomers, more
preferably low molecular weight polymers. Emulsion polymerization
5 can provide a high concentration of microemulsified silicone.
Some Preferred Embodiments
The preferred composition of this invention is an aqueous
dispersion comprising: a microemulsified amine functional silicone
wherein the weight ratio of microemulsified amine functional
silicone to fabric softener is from about 17:1 to about 1:350,
preferably from about 10:1 to about 1:100. Even more preferred
weight ratios of microemulsified amine functional silicone to
fabric softener are from about 1:1 to about 1:10, and more prefer-
ably, from about 1:5 to about 1:10. These compositions are added
to the rinse water for reduced fiber-fiber/yarn-yarn friction and
fabric softening benefits.
Suitable fabric softener(s) are selected from the group
consisting of:
~. quaternary ammonium compound;
ii. fatty amine compound;
iii. fatty amide compound;
iv. fatty acids;
Y. fatty alcohols; and
vi. mixtures thereof.
In certain liqu~d rinse-added compositions of this invention
the amount of fabri c softener can range from about 2X to about
35X, preferably from about 4X to about 27X, by weight of the total
composition. The lower limits are amounts needed to contribute
effective fabric softening perru""O.~ce when added to laundry rinse
baths in the manner which is customary in home laundry practice. ~
The higher limlts are suitable for more concentrated liquid prod-
ucts which require either smaller volume usage or dilution prior
to use.
The preferred levels of microemulsified amine functional r
silicone in such composition can range from about 0.05% to about
40Y.; preferably from about 0.1% to about 20X; and more preferably
from about O.5X to about 10Ch by weight of the concentrate.
-
92/01773 2 0 8 7 9 8 5 PCI/US9~/W729
5 - -
Suitable fabric softener compounds include quaternary ammo-
nium salts, as well as nonquaternary amines and amine salts.
Compositions containing cationic nitrogenGus compounds in the
form of quaternary ammonium salts and substituted imidazolinium
S salts having two long chain acyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon groups
provide fabric softening benefits when used in laundry rinse
operations. (See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,644,203, Lamberti
et al., issued Feb. 22, 1972; and 4,426,299, Verbruggen, issued
Jan. 17, 1984; also "Cationic Surface Active Agents as Fabric
Softeners," R.R. Egan, Journal of the American Oil Chemists'
Society, January 1978, pages 118-121; and "How to Choose Cationics
for Fabric Softeners," J.A. Ackerman, Journal of the American Oil
Chemists' Society, June 1983, pp. 1166-1169).
Other suitable fabric softening compounds are the nonquat-
lS ernary amides and the nonquaternary amines. A commonly cited
material is the reaction product of higher fatty acids with
hydroxy alkyl alkylene diamines. An examp~e of these materials ls
the reaction product of higher fatty acids and hydroxyethylethyl-
enediamine (See "Condensation Products from beta-hydroxyethyl-
ethylenediamine and Fatty Acids or Their Alkyl Esters and Their
Appl ication as Textile Softeners in Washing Agents, " H.W. Eckert,
Fette-Seifen-Anstrichmittel, September 1972, pages 527-533).
These materials are usually cited generically along with other
cationic quaternary ammonium salts and imidazolinium salts as
softening act~ves in fabric softening compos~tions. (See U.S.
Pat. Nos. 4,460,485, Rapisarda et al., issued July 17, 1984;
4,421,792, Rudy et al., issued Dec. 20, 1983; 4,327,133, Rudy et
a1., issued April 27, 1982).
A particularly preferred fabric softener is in the form of an
aqueous dispersion comprisinq from about 3% to about 35X by weight
of a mixture consisting of:
(a) from about lOX to about 92% of the reaction product of a
higher fatty acid with a polyamine selected from the
group consisting of hydroxyalkylalkylenediamines and
dialkylenetriamines and mixtures thereof, and
(b) from about 8~ to about 90% of cationic nitrogenous salts
having only one long chain acyclic aliphatic ClS-C22
hvdrocarbon group, and optionally,
~ , .
.
~ - 6 208738~
(c) from 0X to about 80% of a cationic nitrogenous salt
having two or more long chain acyclic aliphatic Cls-C2z
ù~al~ull groups or one said group and an arylalkyl
group having from about 15 to about 22 carbon atoms in
its alkyl chain.
For a detailed description of some preferred fabric softeners, see
commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. ~,661,269, Trinh/Wahl/Swartley/
Hemingway, issued Apr. 28, 1987.
The terms herein, e.g., softener compound, in general, denotes
both singular and plural unless otherwise specified.
Preferred carriers are liquids selected from the group
consisting of water and mixturRs of water and short chain C~-C4
monohydric alcohols. The water which is used can be distilled,
deionized, and/or tap water. Mixtures of water and up to about 10X,
preferably less than about 5%, of short chain alcohol such as
ethanol, propanol, isopropanol or butanol, and mixtures thereof, are
also useful as the carrier liquid. Carriers which are primarily
water are desirable.
Some short chain alcohols are present ~n commercially
available quaternary ammonium compound products. Such products can
be used in the preparation of preferred aqueous compositions of the
present invention. The short chain alcohols are normally present in
such products at a level of from about 0.5X to about 10X by weight
of the aqueous compositions.
Some Optional Inarediçnts and Preferred Emhn~iments
Compatible adjuvants can be added to the compositions herein
for their known purposes. Such adjuvants include, but are not
limited to, viscosity control agents, perfumes, emulsifiers,
preservati ves, anti oxi dants, bacteri ci des, fungi ci des, col orants,
dyes, fluorescent dyes, brighteners, opacifiers, freeze thaw control
agents, soil release agents, and shrinkage control agents, and other
agents to provide ease of ironing (e.g., starches, etc.). These
adjuvants, if used, are added at their usual levels, generally each
of up to about 5% by weight of the preferred liquid composition.
Viscosity control agents can be organic or inorganic in
nature. Examples of organic viscosity modifiers are fatty acids
~.`
2~879~
~ - 7 -
and esters, fatty alcohols, and water-miscible solvents such as short
chain alcohols. Examples of inorganic viscosity control agents are
water-soluble ionizable salts. A wide variety of ionizable salts can
be used. Examples of suitable salts are the halides of the group IA
and IIA metals of the Periodic Table of the Elements, e.g., calcium
chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium bromide,
and lithium chloride. Calcium chloride is preferred. The ionizable
salts are particularly useful during the process of mixing the
ingredients to make the liquid compositions herein, and later to
obtain the desired viscosity. The amount of ion~zable salts used
depends on the amount of active ingredients used in such compositions
and can be adjusted according to the desires of the formulator.
Typical levels of salts used to control the composition viscosity are
from about 20 to about 6,000 parts per million (ppm), preferably from
about 20 to about 4,000 ppm by weight of the composition.
Soil release agents, usually polymers, are desirable additives
at levels of from about 0.1% to about 5X. Suitable soil release
agents are d~sclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,70Z,857, Gosselink, issued
Oct. 27, 1987: 4,711,730, Gosselink and Diehl, issued Dec. 8, 1987;
4,713,194, Gosselink issued Dec. 15, 1987; and mixtures thereof.
Other soil release polymers are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos.:
4,749,596, Evans, Huntington, Stewart, Wolf, and Zimmerer, issued
June 7, 1988, 3,928,213, Temple, Heuring, and Prentice, issued Dec.
23, 1975; 4,136,038, Pracht and Burns, ' issued Jan. 23, 1979: and
4,661,267, Dekker, Konig, Straathof, and Gosselink, issued Apr. 28,
1987.
Typical levels of compatible bactericides used in the present
compositions are from about 1 to about 1,500 ppm by weight of the
compos~tion.
Examples of antioxidants that can be added to the compositions
of this invention are propyl gallate, available from Eastman Chemical
Products, Inc., under the trade marks Tenox~ PG and Tenox S-1, and
butylated hydroxy toluene, available from UOP Process Division under
the trade mark Sustane BHT.
1~ - 8 - 20~7~8 ~
The compositions can contain other silicone fluids to provide
add~tional benefits such as improved fabric feel. The preferred
adjunct silicones are polydimethylsiloxanes of viscosity of from
about lOO centistokes (cs) to about 100,000 cs, preferably from
s about ZOO cs to about 60,000 cs. These adjunct sil icones can be
used as is, or can be conveniently added to the softener compo-
sitions in a preemulsified form which is obtainable directly from
suppliers. Examples of these preemulsified silicones are 60Y.
emulsion of polydimethylsiloxane (350 cs) sold by Dow Corning
10 Corporation under the trade mark DOW COF~NING 1157 Fluid and SOX
emulsion of polydimethylsiloxane (10.000 cs) sold byGeneral Electric
Company under the trade mark General Electric SM 2140 Silicones.
The optional silicone component can be used in an amount of from
about 0.1% to about 6X by weight of the composition.
A preferred composition contains from about l ppm to about
1,000 ppm of bactericide, from about 0.2% to about 2% of perfume,
from OZ to about 3% of polydimethylsi10xane, from 0% to about 0.4Y.
of'calcium chloride, from about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm of dye,
and from 0% to about 10% of short chain alcohols, by weight of the
20 total composition.
The pH of the preferred compositions of this invention is
generally adju-- ~a to be in '~e range of from about 2 to about 11,
preferably fro~ out 2 to a:out 8. Adjustment of pH is normally
carried out by including a small quantity of free ~cid or free
25 base in the formulation. Any acidic material can be used; its
selection can be made by anyone skilled in the softener arts on
the basis of cost, availability, safety, etc. Any suitable acid
can be used to adjust pH. Preferred are hydrochloric, sulfuric,
phosphoric and formic acid. Similarly, any suitable base, e.g.,
30 sodium hydroxide, can also be used to adjust pH For the purposes
of this invention, pH is measured by a glass electrode ln full
strength softening composition in comparison with a standard
calomel reference electrode.
The compositions of the present invention can be prepared by
35 a number of methods. Some convenient and satisfactory methods are
disclosed in the following ncnlimiting examples.
2~87
~ 92~01773 9 ~ 5 - PCr/US91/04729
- g
All parts, percentages, and ratios herein are by weight
un1ess otherwise specified.
EXAMPLE I
Procedure A
5 A l iquid fabric softener composition cDntaining a micro
emulsified amine curable silicone is prepared in the following
manner. About 4.33 parts di(hydrogenated tallow)dimethylammonium
chloride (DTDMAC), about 1.00 part methyl-1-tallow amidoethyl-
2-tallowimidazolinium methylsulfate and about 0.025 parts of a 1%
dye solution are weighed into a premix vessel.
After heating to about 75-C and mixing, the premix is added,
with agitation, to a mix vessel (44'C) containing about 88.14
parts distilled water and about 0.025 parts antioxidant solution.
Then about 0.45 parts of perfume is added to this "main" mix. The
main mix is then cooled to about 21-C, to which is added, with
stirring, about 7.15 parts amine functional silicone microemulsion
(about 14Y. silicone).
Procedure B
Same as Procedure A, except that the amine functional
silicone microemulsion is incorporated into the main mix prior to
cooling of the mix to 21-C.
~L~
A and B
In~redient ADDrOX. Wt.Y
25DTDMAC1 4.33
Methyl -1-tallowamidoethyl -
2-tallowimidazol in~um
methyl sul fate 1. 00
Alcohol (from actives) 0.80
30Perfume 0 . 45
Dye Solution4 0.025
Micro Emulsif~ed Amine
Functional Silicone2 7.15
Antioxidant3 0.025
35Distilled Water 86.12
1 Di ( hydrogenated tal l ow) d i methyl ammon i um chl ori de
.
- 10- 2~7~g5
2 A speciality aqueous microemulsion X2-8406 made by Dow Corning
Company. It contains about 15% amine functional silicone Dow
Corning Q2-8075 and a proprietary emulsiflcation system.
3 Tenox S-1 supplied by Eastman Kodak.
S 4 A lZ solution of Polar Brilliant Blue.
EXAMPLE I r
A microemulsified amine funct~onal silicone and fabric
softener composition is prepared us~ng Procedure A. The approxi-
mate levels of the ingredients are: 2.00 parts Mazamide 6, 0.80
parts MTTMAC, 4.03 parts DTDMAC (defined here~nbefore), 1.00 parts
of the imidazolinium salt in Example I, 0.42 parts perfume, 1.28
parts alcohol (from act~ves), 10.00 parts 1~% microemulsifled
amine functlonal silicone, and the balance is dist~lled water.
See Table 2 and Example I for a recap of the ingredients and
method of preparation.
EXAMPLE 111
A microemulsified amine functional silicone and fabric
softener composition is prepared using Procedure A. The
approximate levels of ingred~ents are: 17.50 parts Mazamide 6,
6.50 parts DTDMAC, 1.32 parts perfume, 2.07 parts alcohol (from
actiYes), 12.00 parts 14% micro emulsified amine functional
silicone, and the balance is distilled water. See Table 2 and
Example I for a recap of the ingredients and method of
preparation
TABLE 2
Exampl e I I Examp l e I I I
Inqred~ent ADDrgx, Wt.~ ADDrox. Wt.-"
Mazamide 61 2.00 17.50
MTTMAC2 0 . 80
30DTDMAC3 4.03 6.53
Perfume 0.42 1.32
Pol ar Bri l l i ant Bl ue
Dye Solut~on 0.025 0.07Z
Alcohol (from actives~ I.Z8 2.07
35Micrcemulsified Amine
Functional Silicone4 10.00 12.00
Di sti l l ed Water Bal ance Bal ance
2~87985
~p 92/01773 Pcr/US9l/04729
1 Reaction product of 2 moles of hydrogenated tallow fatty
acid with I mole of N-Z-hydroxyethylenediamine.
2 Mono(hydrogenated tallow)trimethyl ammonium chloride (MTTMAC).
3 Oi(hydrogenated tallow)dimethyl ammonium chloride.
4 Dow Corning X2-8406 (described hereinaboYe).
EXAMPLE IV
Intrinsic performance of: Q2-7224 (macroemulsion of Q2-8075,
35% silicone) YS. X2-8406 (microemulsion of Q2-8075, 14% sili-
cone). 9.34 grams of Q2-7224 and 23.35 grams of X2-8406 are used
as rinse-added fabric softeners to treat poly-cotton (65Yc/35%)
fabrics (concentration of about SO ppm in the rinse). The fabrics
are treated via one wash (no detergent)/rinse/dry treatment.
Shear hysteresis measurements are completed on four fabrics of
each treatment. The results below show Q2-7224 to be the better
softener system for reducing fiber-fiber and yarn-yarn friction.
Chart l
Average Shear Hysteresis (gf/cm) at 2-1/2- and 4009 force
X2-8406 02-7224
1.53 1.35
Significant at >95% conf~dence based on a paired t-test
cal cul ati on .
EXAMPLE V
Product C
A microemulsified amine functional silicone and fabric
softener composition is prepared using Procedure A. The approxi-
mate leve~s of ingredients are: 3.75 parts DTDMAC, 3.40 parts
lmidazoline, 0.57 parts MTTMAC, 0.40 parts perfume, 0.025 parts
dye, 0.77 parts alcohol (from actives), 0.4-0.9 parts HCl, 7.15
parts MAFS (14X) and the balance is distflled water. This com-
position contains about lX amine functional silicone fluid.
Com~arat~ve Product D
A fabric softener composition is prepared as in Product C,
except that about 3.03 parts amine functional silicone macroemul-
sion (33% silicone) is added. This composition contains about 1%
amine functional silicone fluid.
WO92/01773 20~ 98~ - PCI/US9~/0472a~
See Table 3, for a recap of ingredients for Products C and D.
Both Products C and D contain about 1% Q2-8075 amine functional
si l i cone fl ui d .
Products C & D are used as rinse-added fabric softeners to
S treat poly cotton (6570/35%) fabrics. The fabrics are treated via
one wash/ri nse/dry treatment . The detergents used are TIDE~ and
LIQUID TIDE~. Six sets (DOWNY~, DOWNY plus X2-8406, and DOWNY
plus Q2-7224) of swatches saw only TIDE, 6 sets (DOWNY plus
X2-8406, and DOWNY plus Q2-7224) of swatches only LIQUID TIDE.
10 Keeping the LIQUID TIDE and TIDE washed fabrics separate, the
fabrics were subjected to shear hysteresis measurements. The
results below show X2-8406 fabric softener composition to be the
better composition for reducing shear hysteresis than the corres-
ponding Q2-8075 composition.
Lh~ .
Average Shear Hysteresis (gf/cm) at 2-1/2- and 4009 force
DOWNY + DOWNY~ +
DOWNY~ 5~z~ X2-8406
TIDE Wash .69 .71 .65 (a)
LIQUID TIDE Wash .88 .78 .76 (b)
Average .79 .74 .71 (c)
(a) Significantly lower than DOWNY + Q2-7224 at >95X confi-
dence based on a paired t-test comparison. Signifi-
cantly lower than DOWNY at ~9SX confidence based on a
paired t-test comparison.
(b) Significantly lower than DOWNY + Q2-7224 at >70Z con-
fidence. Significantly lower than DOWNY at >95X con-
fidence .
(c) Significantly lower than DOWNY + Q2-7224 at >9SX con-
fidence. Significantly lower than DOWNY at >9SX confi-
dence .5
92/01773 - 13 -
TABLE 3
ExamDle V
Product C Product D
Inqredient ADProx. Wt.% ADDrox. Wt,%
5MTTMACI 0.57 0.57
DTDMAC2 3 . 75 3 . 75
Imi dazol i ne3 - 3 . 40 3 . 40
Perfume 0 . 40 0 . 40
Polar Brilliant Blue
10Dye So~ution 0.025 0.025
Alcohol (from actives) 0.77 0.77
Microemulsified Amine
Functional Silicone4 (14%) 7.15
Macroemulsified Amine
I SFunct i onal S i 1 i coneS 3 . 03
HC~ (31.5S~) 0.4-0.9 0.4-0.9
Distilled Water Ba1ance Balance
1 Mono(hydrogenated tallow)trimethyl ammonium chloride
2 Di(hydrogenated tallow)dimethyl ammonium chloride
3 l-hydrogenated tallow amidoethyl-2-hydrogenated tallow imi-
dazol ine
4 Dow Corning X2-8406 (described hereinabove)
5 Dow Corning Q2-7224, a macroemulsion analogue of the
microemulsified X2-8406 also containing Dow Corning Q2-8075
sil icone fluid.
The incorporation of the microemulsified amine functional
si~icone de~ivered via a liquid fabric softener matrix shows
~mproved reduction in shear hysteresis on poly-cotton fabric
rel at 1 ve to the trad i t i onal macroemul s i on del i vered v i a a 1 i qu i d
fabric softener matrix.
.
