Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
WO 92~12508 ~ ' J PCr/AU92/00006
I.~AGE DISP AY AND CONTROL APPARATUS
This in-ention relates generally to the display of irnages, and more partieularly
to apparatus for displaying images, thc control of such apparatus, and means andmethods for the reduction of damage to display material which may be used in thedisplay apparatus.
~n accordance with a first aspect of the prescot iovention there is providcd a
control apparatus for use with sound reproduction means and image display means for
displaying a sequence of images, said sound reproduction mcans, in use, reproducing
a sequence of stored sounds, said control apparatus comprising digital memory means
for storing audio signals, and proeessing means for generating display control signals
for controlling said image displav means to display the next image in the sequencc of
irn~gçs in rrspQnse !O æn. audio cos~!ro! sign.zl zcc;ssed '-om said d.gital m~m-jry
means.
in accordance with a second aspect of the present invention there is also
'0 provided a control apparatus for use with image display means which, in usc,
sequentially displays images of a selccted group from a plurality of groups of images,
said eontrol apparatus comprising proeessing means responsive to first control sienais
to eausc said imagc display means to dispiay the ne~ct irnage of said scleeted group
of images, and responsive to seeond eontrol signals to eause a suceeeding group of
'5 images to beeome said seleeted group.
The present invention also provides an imagc display apparatus comprising
image display mcans, and eontrol mcans for controlling said image display means,said imagc displa- means, in usc. sequcntially displaying imagcs of a sclcetcd group
from a plurality ot groups of images, said eontrol mcans eomprising proecssing mcans
rcsponsive to a first eontrol signal to causc said imagc display mcans to display thc
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next image of said selected group of images, and responsi-e to a second control signal
rnis in-emion reiates gener~ to the display of imagcs, ~rld ;nc.e particularZy
5 to apparatus for displaying images, the control of such apparatus, and means and
methods for the reduction of darnage to display material which may be used in the
display apparatus.
In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a
10 control apparatus for use with sound reproduction means and image display means for
displaving a sequence of images, said sound reproduction means, in use, reproducing
a sequencc of stored sounds, said control apparatus comprising digital memory means
for storing audio signals, and processiDg means for generating display control sienals
for controlling said image displav means to display the next imagc in the sequencc of
15 images in responsc to an audio control signal acccssed from said digital memory
.rn~2QC,
Ln accordance with a second aspect of the present invention there is also
providcd a control apparatus for use with imagc display means which, in use,
~0 sequentially displavs images of a scleaed group from a plurality of groups of images,
said control apparatus comprising proccssing mcans responsive to first control signals
to causc said imagc display means to display thc next imagc of said selected group
of imagcs, and responsive to second conlrol signals to causc a succecding group of
imagcs to become said selected group.
llle present in-ention also pro~ides an imagc display apparatus comprising
image display means, and control mcans for controlling said imagc display mcans,said image displav means, in use, sequcntially displaying images of a selected group
from a plurality of groups of images, said control means comprising proccssing means
30 responsivc to a first control signal to cause said image displav means to display the
next image of said sclected group of images, and responsive to a second control signal
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to cause a succeeding group of imagcs to becomc said scle~ed group.
Preferablv said sequence or group of images compriscs a number of images
joincd to torm a iength ot images coiled, in use, in overlappir.g fashion upon at least
a onc of first and second spools. Preferably said gTOUpS of images are joined
sequentially to form a length of images such that the last image of one group ofimages is joined to the first image of the next group.
Preferably, when said imagc display means displa-s thc next image of said
lO sequence or groups of imagcs, said second spool is rotated so as to coil a portion of
said length of imagcs upon said second spool.
Thc imagc display mcans may comprise:
motion mcans for effecting movement of the imaees in~o a display area in
1a which one of said images is displayed, said motion mcans including at Ieast one
electric rnotor, and thc
control means may control said at Ieast one motor to effect said movement in
response to the eontrol signals and motion signals from said at Ieast one motor. Said
motion signals may comprisc back emf signals or pulse counting signals, which
'0 indicatc movement of said images.
ln a prefcrrcd cmbodimcnt of thc invcntion thc images arc contained on a
lenyh of display matcrial whieh, in use, is coilcd upon at least one of first and second
cylindrical spools having gencrally parallel axes, sueh that ooc of thc first and seeond
''5 spools may bc rotationally driven to wind a portion of the tisplay matcrial upon the
spool so as to a movc said imagc into a display area of thc apparatus locatcd bct vccn
thc two spools. Thc images eontained on the display matcrial may be displayed
sequentially, one by one, whilst the display material is bciI~e wound upon the seeond
spool, and subsequentlv rewound upon the first spool for the imagcs to again be
30 displaved. The display material eontaining a partieular sequenec of images may thus
be unwound and rewound upon the first and seeond spools eontinuously over the
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whole or a portion of the dav.
When a display material is coiled in o-erlapping fashion the inwardly facing
~lrfacr o f onP !ayer of 2 coi! ^.... p~.icula; s~l woulu uldhlJriiy make contact with
a the outvatdly facing surface of the underlying layer. The continued coiling and
uncoiling of the lavers of the coil can cause relative movement therebetween, resulting
in damage such as scratching of the surfaces of the display material. Over a period
of timc, this damage may accumulate so as to reduce the attractivcness and isual
effect of the images on the display material.
Furthermore, the above mentioned display material may, for example, comprise a
plurality of transparencies joined end-to-end to form a single Iength of displaymaterial. If the edges of adjacent transpareDcies of the display material are not
aligned accurately when they are joined, further darnage to the transparencies may
15 occur as a result of lateral movement of the display material across the plane
containing the first and second spools. Such lateral movement can cause !hC displav
material to contact stationary portions of the image display apparatus, resulting in
damage to the edges of the transparencies. Moreover, une-en tension of the displav
material due to the inaccurate alignment, mav also weaken the joints between the~0 transparencies.
The means of joining adjacent transparencies may also effect the accumulate
damage to the display material over a period of time. It has been found, for example,
that if adjacent transparencies are joined in an abutting fashion by means of flexible
'~ adhesive tape, the increased flexibility at the abutting join can enable ~he central edge
portions of the joined transparencies to contact a subsequent laver of display material,
when coiled, even if the edges thereof are prevented from contacting one another.
ln accordance with another aspect of the present in-ention there is therefore
30 provided displav material capable of being coiled, including spacing means disposed
adjacent the edges thereof.
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There is also provided a me~hod for prcserving display material which, in usc,
is coiled, comprising providing spacing means adjacen~ ~he edges of said displaymaterial.
S The spacing mcans may comprise at Icast one fle%ible strip of a material which
is attached to the display material along the edges thereof.
The displav material may be formed from a single length of material or,
alternatively, may be forrned from a plurality of sections connected end to end.
Where ~he displav material is comprised of a pluRlity o~ sections, separate
lengths of the spacing mcans may be disposcd along thc edgcs of each section, or a
single length of the spacing mcans made by provided along the edges of a plurality
of the sections.
1~
Where the display material is compriscd of a pluralitv of sections, thc adjacentsections are preferably joincd such that thc joined end edgcs thereof overlap cach
other.
'O In accordance wi~h anothcr aspcct, ~hc prcscnt invention provides a tool for
aligning first and second portions of displav material, comprising aligning means
which, in usc, aligns with a fcature of cach of said first and second portios~s, and
holding mcans for holding said first and sccond portions in said aligmncnt for joining
thcrcbctwecn.
~5
Prcfcrrcd embodimcnts of the prcscnt invention will hcrcinafter be describcd,
by way of cxamplc only, with rcfcrcncc to thc accompanying drawings, whcrcin:
Figurc 1 is a block diagram of a prefcrred display apparatus according to thc
present invention;
Figure ' shows scrolling apparatus of the image display means of a first
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embodiment;
Figure 3 shows conlrol means of the first embodiment;
Figure 4 is a flow chart of the operation of the control means of Figure 3;
Figure j is a modified operational flow chart ot the control means of Figure 3;
Figure 6 shows a cut away plan view of the image displav apparatus of the
first embodiment;
Figure 7 shows a cross sectional iew of the image display apparatus through
Section A-A of Figure 6;
Figure 8 is a tIuth table for the control means of the scrolling apparatus of the
10 first embodiment;
Figure 9 shows scrolling apparatus of the image display means of a ~ond
embodiment;
Figure 10 shows a eross-sectional view of the image display apparatus in
aeeordance with the seeond embodiment;
Figure 11 shows a side view of a tractor feed deviee for use in the second
embodimeni;
Figure 1' shows an end view of the tractor feed deviee of Figure 11;
Figure 13 shows an example of a length of the image display medium, in
aeeordanee with the seeond embodiment;
'0 Figure 1 l is a sehematie diagram of the image display apparatus of the second
embodiment;
Figure 15 is a sehematie diagram of the sound reproduetion means of the
seeond embodiment;
Figure 16 shows an example of an internal control panel of the seeond
'5 embodiment;
Figurc 17 shows an auxiliary internal control panel of the second embodiment;
Figure 18 shows a main operational aow chart of the control means of the
seeond embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 19 shows a flow chart for detection of a jammed condition of the
~0 scrolling apparatus;
Figure ~0 shows a flow chart of an imagc group selection routinc.
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Figure 1 shows a coiled length of display material;
Figure '''' shows a scrolling apparatus;
Figure '~3 shows a display material formed from seetional lengths;
Figure ~4 shows a cutaway section of the display material of Figure _3, whilst
5 coiled on a spool;
Figure ''5 is a plan ~iew of a tool useful for aligning adjacent sections of
display material prior to intercoMection thereof;
Figure 16 is a cross-sectional iew of the tool of Figure 25, through 6-6;
Figure ~7 is a plan iew showing a join between adjaeent sectional Iengths of
10 display material;
Figure ~8 is a plan iew of a tool useful for aligning adjaeent sections of
display material prior to intercoMection thereof in the fashion showin in Figure ''7;
Figure ~9 shows a bloek diagram of image display apparatus according to a
third embodiment;
Figure 30 is a programming flowehart for use in the third embodiment; and
Figure 31 is a flowehan of operation of a vieinity movement deteetor of the
rhird embodiment.
The preferred embodiments of ~he present invention relate to display apparatus
'0 useful in such applications as advertising. The apparatus is relatively inexpensive and
simple in eonstruetion, in eomparison with alternatives sueh as vid--o displays. Figure
I shows a block diagram of the display apparatus ~ comprising visual display means
8, eontrol means ~ and sound reproduetion means 6. Both the visual display means8 and the sound reproduetion means 6 are operatively eormected to the control means
~5 ~ sueh that the eontrol means is able to eontrol the visual display means and the sound
reproduetion means in accordance with a predetermined proeedure. In use, the sound
reproduetion means 6 provides eontrol signals to the control means 4 whieh are
deeoded by the eontrol means to control the visual display means 8.
The sound reproduetion means 6 mav be any eommon sound reprodueing
device sueh as audio tape or cassette play baek apparatus or may be a digital voice
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recorder/playback de-ice. The first embodiment utilises ma~netic audio GlSSCtte tape
apparatus having a magnetic audio tape which may bc formed in a COntiDuOuS loop.A second embodimeDt utilises a digital audio recording and playback de~ice, in use
storing a.qd retrieting sounds digitally in semiconductor mcmorv.
. .
The image display apparatus 2, as described hereinafter, may comprise a free
standing structure or alternatively may be incorporated in a ending machine, such as
a cigarette, food or drink vending machine. The free standing structure may include
a visual display which is, for example, one and a half metres high and 500 cm wide
10 for enhanced isual impact. For a display apparatus iocorporated in a vendingmachine, the size of the display would be ordinarily chosen so as to be of similar
dimensions to a static display which normally exists in such machines. Alternatively,
the apparatus may be installed within a wall of a room such that the visual display
faces the interior of the room in a space which might ordinarily be occupied by an
15 advertising postcr or the likes. The apparatus may, for exarnple, find application in
passenger areas of airport buildings, and could be utilised to identify particular airiines
at airport gate areas where a plurality of airlines use a single gate during different
times of the da-.
'O Figure ' shows scrolling apparatus 10 of the visual display means 8 of the first
embodiment. The scrolling apparatus 10 comprises upper and lower cylindrical spools
16, 18 upon whieh are wound a flexible elongate image display medium 2-.. The
spools 16, 18 are arranged in a coplanar parallel orientation, and spaeed suffieiently
to allow an image ''3 to fit therebctween. The image display medium 24 is formed~5 by pieeing together eDd-to-end, in sequenee, a number of images 23 to be displayed
by the display apparatus. Eaeh image 23 in the sequence may be a transpareney
though whieh li~ht is shone to display the image, or may be in the form of a poster.
The images are laminated with transparent plastic to provide proteetion and stabiliq
whilst maintaining flexibility, and sequentially joined by means of flexible adhesive
30 tape. The edge of one end of the image display medium ~ is joined to the upper
spool 16, and the other end joined to the lower spool 18. At any one time most of
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the image display medium ~4 is wound upon one or both of the upper and lower
spools 16, 18 in such a way that, in use, a portion of the image display medium 24
approximately the size of one imagc ~3 is hcld betwecn the two spools at any
particular time. llle upper spooi 16 is rotatably supported at one end by upper
bcaring shaft '0, which engages with an upper bearing carrier 19 (Figurc 6), and at
the other end is coupled to the rotatable shaft of upper drive motor 1 '. Similarly, the
lower spool 18 is rotatably supported at one end by lower bearing shaft 22 and bearing
carrier ~1, and at the other end coupled to lower drive motor 14.
Figures 6 and 7 show the mechanical arrangemcnt of the image display means
8 of the first embodiment. The upper and lower bearing shafts 20, 22 of the upper
and lower spools rotatably engage with the upper and lower bearing carriers 19, ~1
which are affixed to a chassis 138. The upper and lower drive motors 12, 14 are also
affixed to the chassis 138 such that when the upper drive motor is cncrgised the upper
15 spool is rotated, and when the lower drive motor is energised the lower spool rotates.
l'he chassis 138 also supports cylindrical guidc bars 144 (not shown in rigurc 6), two
guidc bars adjaccnt to each of the upper and lower spools, with each of the guide bars
ha-ing its axis parallel to the spools 16, 18. Thc image display medium 24 is guided
o-er a desired path from one of the upper and lower spools 16, 18 over t vo guide
~0 bars 144 to a flat perspex light diffuser 146 (shown in Figurc 7) located between the
tWO SpOOlS. The image display mcdium ~4 passes over the surface of the diffuser 146
and over thc guide bars to the spool at the other end of the chassis 138. The
apparatus is contained within a box enclosure 136 and cover 148 having a transparcnt
ponion in a position corresponding to that of the diffuser 146. The size of the diffuser
'5 146 and the transparent ponion of the cover 148 correspond approximately to the size
of the image '3 to be displayed by the apparatus. Thc chassis 138 containing thescrolling apparatus 10 is secured to a rear interior surface of the box enclosure 136
by means of securing bolts 140. The visual display means also includes fluorescent
lights 142 mountcd on the rear interior surface of the box cnclosure 136 to shine light
:~0 through the diffuser 146, the image ~3 and the transparent ponion of the cover 148
to thereby display the image '3 currently adjacent the diffuser 146.
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Each of the upper and lower bearing shafts 20, ''' may also be provided with
a crank socket 11 in one end thereof. As shown in Figure 7, the sockets 11 arc
provided at the axial centcr of each bearing shaft '0, '' in the end thercof which is
distal to that driven by motors 1', 1~ respecti-cly. Ihe socket 11 may a~ tnatively
bc provided in a gear shaft which is coaxial with and geared to the bearing shaft ~0,
'' or spool 16, 18. The sockcts 11 are shaped so as to allow a co-opcrating
complimentary crank handle shaft (not shown) to bc insertcd therein, such that thc
crank handlc mav be rotatcd manually to effect rotation of the bcaring shaft '0, _.
Such a featurc is useful in the e-ent of a power failure to the image display apparatus,
10 or in the event of a failure of one of the motors 1', 14 or the controlling circuitry as
it enables some degrce of manual control over positioning of thc images in the
apparatus. To facilitate casier use of this fcaturc an apcnurc may be provided in the
bos enclosurc 136 adjaccnt each socket 11, to enablc a crank handle shaft to bc
inserted thercin to cngage thc socket 11.
1~
Each image '3 is also provided with a stop tab 13 (Figure ~) which coopcrates
with an optical sensor 15 (Figurc 6, 7) to providc an indication of the correct
positioning of thc imaec '3. A stop tab 13 is positioned in onc corner of each imagc
~3 of the image display mcdium '4, and the optical sensor 1~ is located within the
'0 box enclosurc 136 such that its sensing surfacc is adjacent the surfacc of thc imagc
display medium '~ wound on thc lowcr spool 18. Thc stop tabs arc positioned so
that, whcn an imagc ~3 is corrcctly aligncd on lhc surfacc of thc diffuser 146, a sto?
tab 13 is immcdiatcly adjaccnt thc scnsing surfacc of the optical scnsor 15.
'5 Figurc 3 is a block diagram of the control system of the first embodimcnt. The
opcration of thc control system is coordinated by a control circuit 100 which rcceivcs
inputs 76, 78, 80, 8~, 84, 86 and 88 and providcs outputs 90, 9~, 94 and 96. Thecon~rol circuit 100 may comprisc a fixcd logic array or a micro
controllcr/microproccssor type dcvicc, howcvcr, in the first cmbodiment the control
30 circuit 100 compriscs an clcctronically proerammablc logic dcvicc (EPLD).
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Control system 31 receivcS left and right audio inputs 30, 32 which are
summcd and input to an audio buffer amplificr 34. The output of amplifier 34 is fcd
to a dual tone multi-frequency (DTMF) dccoder 36 which provides four DTMF
decodcr inputs ~6 to the control circuit 100. Control systcm 31 also rcceives an input
~0 from the optical sensor 15 which is fed to stop tab scnsor 42 and then to buffer
amplifier 44. The output &om amplificr 44 provides the stop tab sensor input 80 to
control circuit 100.
A primary function of control system 31 is to synchronisc the scqucntial
10 display of images on thc visual display mcans 8 with prc-recorded portions of sound
reproduccd by thc sound rcpr~duction mcans 6. Thc synchronisation is effcctcd bymcans of control signals which arc also reproduccd by the sound rcproduction mcans
6. Hencc, it is possiblc to display an imagc with thc visual display mcans 8 whilst
playing corrcsponding prc-rccordcd sounds such as music or spccch rclating to thc
13 image, and synchronise the display of thc nc~t imagc in thc scqucncc with the corresponding portion of pre-recorded sound.
The control signals utiliscd in the first cmbodimcnt arc in thc form of DTMF
signals, commonly uscd in telcphonc signalling systems. The DTMF signals, which
'0 arc prc-rccordcd on onc or both of thc Icft and right audio channcls of thc sound
rcproduction mcans, arc dccodcd by thc DTMF dccoder 36 which provides a four bitdigital code 76 to thc control circuit 100. Different DTMF codes from thc sound
rcproduction mcans 6 may corrcspond to instructions such as advancc to thc ne~t
image, rcwind to thc bcginning of thc image sequcncc, return to the prcvious imagc
'5 in thc scqucnce, ctc.
Control circuit 100 provides thrcc outputs 92, 94, 96 to control thc visual
display mcans 8. Motor drive output 96 is fcd to motor drivc amplificr 58 and from
thcre to input terminals of uppcr an. lowcr relays 66 and 68. Upper motor sclca
30 output 94 is fcd through uppcr motor drivc amplificr 60 to control thc switching of
uppcr relay ~6. Whcn thc uppcr motor sclcct output 94 is logical 1 thc uppcr rclay
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66 is switched such that the outpu~ from the motor drive amplifier 58 is connected to
upper motor input 70 When the upper motor select output 94 is not energ~sed upper
relav 66 is switched such that upper motor input ~0 is not energised but is electrieally
CO~ ea lo motor sensor ~ ia termmal 71 Lower motor se~ect output 92 controls
Ihe lower relay 68 in similar fashion so that, when output 92 is at ~ogic 1 motor dri-e
amplifier output 58 is cormected to lower motor input 7', and when the output 92 is
at logic 0 the lower motor input 7' is connected to the motor sensor 48
During normal operation of the scrolling apparatus 10 three functions are
10 ordinarily utilised scroll up, seroll down, and hold The scroll up function is effected
by energising upper dri-e motor 1 ' whilst leaving lower drive motor 14 disconrlected
Figure 8 shows the logic states of outputs 92, 94 and 96, and the relative voltages at
upper and lower motor inputs 70 and 7~ As is apparent from Figure 8, when logic
1 is asserted at motor drive output 96 a relative high voltage appears at the output of
1a the motor dri-e amplifier ~8 When loBcal 0 is asserted at the motor drive output 96
the voltage Yhieh appea~S at the ou:put of the m~Gtor dtive amplifier 58 is a rElative
low voltage Thus, to mo-e the image displav medium 24 upwards in the saolling
apparatus the scroll up function is selected by assening logical 1 a~ outputs 94 and 96
and asserting logical 0 at ou~put 9~ This has the effeet of COMeCting ~he lower drive
'0 motor l ~ to ~he motor motion sensor 48 whilst applying the relati-e high voltage the
upper dri-e motor 1~ Similarly the image display medium may be saolled in the
downward direction using tne seroll down funetion by applying logical 1 to output 92
and 96 and applying logical 0 to output 94 The hold function is utilised when animage ~3 is positioned correctly for viewing on the serolling apparatus, to apply a
small tension to the image display medium and hold the image in the eorrect position
This is accomplished by applying a relative low voltage to both the upper and lower
drive motor input 70, 7~ simultaneously Figure 8 shows the logic conditions at
outputs 9~. 94 and 96 neeessary to aecomplish this funetion
Control eireuit 100 is also provided with a motor motion sensor input 8'
During motion of thc imagc display medium ~ within thc scrolling apparatus 10, only
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one of thc upper and lower dri- e motors is encrgiscd at any particular time. Howevcr,
since thc upper and lower dri- e motors arc rotatably couplcd to cach othcr by means
of thc image display mcdium '4 wound upon the uppcr and lower spools 16, 18, whcn
c~ne of thc drive motors is energised to wind the image display mcdium uposn its spool
5 the other drive motor also rotates by virtuc of the image display medium unwinding.
Thus, motion of the image display mcdium '4 may be sensed by examining the back
emf produced by the rotation of the motor which is not cncrgised. This back emf
signal 46 may be easily dctcctcd by motor sensor 48 by means of relay terminals 71
and 73. Ihc motor motion scnsor signal is amplified by a buffcr amplifier 50 and fed
10 to the control circuit 100 as thc motor motion sensor input 82.
The display apparatus of thc first embodimcnt may also be controlled manually
by switching an automatic/manual switch S4 to its manual position. With switch 54
in the manual position thc scrolling apparatus 10 is no longcr controllcd in accordance
15 with DTMF signals from the sound rcproduction means. With the switch in the
manual position the logic siys~l sr.dicating that the next imagc in thç sçguçnre should
be displayed is provided in accordance with a manual dclay sclector 38 and manual
delay timer ~'. The manual delay selector 38 may be in the form of a thumb wheelswitch which pro-ides a manual delay selector input 78 to the control circuit l00.
'0 When the alue of manual timer input 84 from the manual delay timer 52 reaches the
~ alue of the manual delay seleaor input 78 the control circuit 100 initiates movement
of the image display medium to display the next image 23 in the sequence of imasges.
Figure 4 shows a simplified flow cbart 102 of the operation of control system
'5 31 under normal conditions. The procedure of flow chart 102 requires that the pre-
recorded sounds and control signals reproduced by the souDd reproduction means 6playable in repeatable fashion. The pre-recorded sounds are recorded in sequencecorresponding to the sequence of images to be displayed, followed by pre-recorded
sounds in reverse sequence. Only three different control Sigllal5 ~re required to be
30 reproduced by the sound reproduction means. One control signal is required to initiate
movemen~ of the scrolling apparatus to display the nact image 23 in the sequence, and
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another control signal is required to instruct the control system 31 to display the
previous image in the sequence. llle final control signal forces thc scrolling apparatus
tO rewind. These control signals are pre-recorded together with the aforementioned
suunds, a~ ap~rupriale points on the tape.
Steps 105 to 107 of procedure 10'' ensure that the image display medium 24
is rewound (ie. wound upon onc spool only) such that the first image in the sequence
of images is displayed by the v isual display mcans. l~is is accomplished by
energising the lower drive motor 14 whilst deteaing the back emf of the uppcr drivc
10 motor 1''. At steps 106 and 107 the motion of the spools 16, 18 and the imagedisplay medium 24 is senscd using the detected back emf of the uppcr drive motor 12
via terminal 71 motor senor 48 and buffcr amplifier 50. When the image display
medium 2~ is completely rewound rotational movement of uppcr spool 16 and the
shaft of uppcr drive motor 12 ccases, and the back emf sensed at the motor motioD
13 sensor input 82 is rcduced to zero. A back emf of zero from thc uppcr drivc motor
12 while the lower drive motor 14 is s:ill energised is an indicalion ~ha~ ~he isnage
display medium 24 is completely rewound, and this is the condition examined at step
107. At this time thc forward scrolling direction is set to the upward direction (step
107a) such that thc image display mcdium 24 is progressivcly wound upon thc uppcr
20 spool 16. Stcps 108 and 109 scroll the image display medium 24 forward until a stop
tab corresponding to the first imagc in thc scquence of imagcs is sensed by the optical
scnsor 15. This ensurcs that the imagc 23 is displayed corrcctly aligned on the
diffuser 140. At steps 110 and 111 the control apparatus waits for a move pulse
control signal rom the sound rcproduction means via thc audio buffer amplificr 34
'5 and thc DTMF audio dccodcr 36. Whcn the move pulse is rcceivcd the scrolling
apparatus scrolls thc image display mcdium 24 in thc required direction to display the
desired image 23 in the sequence of imagcs. Steps 113 and 114 cnsurc that the image
display mcdium is not at its end, and if it is not then thc desircd image in thesequence is serollcd to alignmcnt as indica:cd b- the stop tab (step 109). When the
30 cnd of the sequcnce of images as been reached (step 114) the control system 31 acts
to reversc the serolling direaion sueh that the fonvard dircaion of scrolling becomcs
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the downward direction. A~ step 119 the control circuit 100 checks for a fault
condition, and if a fault is detected an alarrn condition output 90 is energised to sound
a buzzer 74 via a buzzer dri-e amplifier 64 (Figure 3? An example of such a f~
condition is if more than fjve reverses of scrolling dircction are carried out within one
5 minute. If no fault condition cxists and no rewind tone is received at step 119a ther
the procedure retums to StCp 108 whereupon the images are again displayed, in reverse
sequence order, in a manner similar to that described above. If a rewind tone isreceived at stcp 119a then the procedure retums to step 10S. Using an appropriate
pre-recorded audio tape and procedure 102 the display apparatus 2 may operate
10 continuously, alternately displaying the images in for vard sequence order and reverse
sequence order, accompanied by the corresponding sounds from the sound
reproduction means.
Figure S shows a modified operating procedure 120 which is appropriate to be
15 used when control system 31 is placed in the manual mode by switch 54. At steps
12AU to 1~ the image display medium ~ is rewound on to the lower spool 18, as inprocedure 10'. During steps 1'5 to 131 the images 23 are displayed individually in
sequence, the next image in the sequence being displayed when a move pulse is
recei-ed (steps 1''7 and 1'8). ln this case, the move pulse control sigDal may be
'0 received from either the audio tape ia the DTMF audio decoder 36 or from themanual delay timer 5'. When the end of the sequence of images is reached, as
indicated by the back emf of the :notor not being driven (steps 130 and 131), and no
fault condition exists (step 133), the procedure returns to step 12' where the image
display medium 24 is again rewound and the procedure repeated.
'5
Figure 9 shows scrolling apparatus 10 of the visual display means 8 of a
second embodiment of the present invention, where reference numerals in common
with Figure 2 denote similar items. The scrolling apparatus 10 of the second
embodim.ent differs from the scrolling apparatus of the first embodiment in several
30 respects. To aid in guiding the image display mediurn 24 the scrolling apparatus 10
is provided with one or more tractor feed devices 164 along each cdge of the image
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display medium 24. The image display medium is also pro ided with a corresponding
series of guide holes 166 along cach of its edgcs. In use, as the image display
medium '4 is scrolled from one of spools 16, 18 to the otber, the edge of the image
display medium '4 passcs through the respcctive traaor feed device 164 wherein Ihe
5 guide holes 166 cngage with guide projections 172 of the traaor feed devicc. Figures
11 and 11 show side and end iews of a typical traaor feed device, as are commonly
used in tractor paper feed cornputer printers. A continuous flexible belt 180 iscontained on cylindrical rotatable spools (not shown) which are arranged in a co-
planar parallel orientation, the belt bcing provided with guidc projeaions 172. The
10 flexible belt 180 is rotatable around the spools sueh that Ihe guide projections 172
follow a path through a groove 176 formed in an uppcr lid portion 178 of the traaor
feed dcvice 164. In usc, the guidc projections 172 engage the guide holes 166 of the
image display medium 24 at onc end of the tractor feed de-~ice 164 so as to guide the
edge of the imagc display medium 24 along the traaor feed de-~icc 164 to the other
15 end of the device. An arIangcmcnt such as this, with one or more traaor feed deviccs
along cach cdge of the imagc display medium 24 in the serolling apparatus tO allows
good tensioning of thc image ~3 as it passes bctween spools 16 and 18.
Figurc 10 shows a sidc cross-seaional vicw of the mechanical arrangement
'0 of the imagc display mcans 8 of thc sccond embodiment, where rcfcrencc numcrals
in common with Figurc 7 denotcs similar items. The apparatus operates essentially
thc samc as that describet in rclation to Figures 6 and 7, accept in ~his embodiment
eylindrical guide bars 144 arc not provided adjaccnt the upper and lower spools 16,
18. In this embodiment thc imagc display mcdium ~4 passcs from onc spool 16,
25 18 dircaly over perspex diffuscr 146, provided in thc spacc bet~vccn spools 16 and
18, and onto the other spool. Thc perspex diffuscr 146 is pro ided in elose proximity
to the spools 16, 18 to allow the imagc display mcdium 24 to bc guidsd casily over
thc diffuscr 146 without the aid of guide bars.
Figure 13 shows a Icngth of thc imagc display medium 24 containing a
scqucncc of images 23, in accordancc with thc second embodimcnt of the prescDt
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invention. The second embodimcnt allows the images 23 of the image display
medium 24 to be divided into image groups 169. The image groups 169 are deli~uted
by a start tab 1~0 located in ~he lower left hand corner of an imaee 23 ad3aeent the
first image 167 in a group 169, and an end tab 168 loeated in the upper right hand
corner of the first image 167 in a group 169 adjacent the last image 171 jD the
previous group 169. The start tabs 170 co-operate with optical start sensor 160(Figure 9) to indicate the first image 167 group of imag^s 169. Thc end tabs 168 co-
operate with an optical end sensor 162 (Figure 9) to indicate the last image 171 a
group of images 169. When toe first image 167 of a group of images 169 is displayed
10 by the scrolling apparatus (for example, the image 170is adjaeent the diffuser 146
(Figure 10)) the start tab 170 is immediately adjacent the optical start scnsor 160.
When the last image 171 of a eroup of imagcs 169 is being displayed the end tab 168
is immediately adjacent the optical end sensor 16'.
Figure 14 shows control means 401 provided in accordaoee with the sec~od
embodiment of the present in~ ention. The control means 401 eompriscs four majorcomponents: control logie 403. an internal control panel 182, a sound rccording aod
reproduction means 406 and a function select timer seetion 425. These four majorsections are intercoMeaed to provide electrical control signals to the upper and lower
'0 drive motors 12, 14.
The eontrolling functions of the control means 401 are provided by the eomrol
logie section 403. The control logic section 403 reeeives inputs from the internal
control panel 182 the sound reproduetion means 406, the funetion timer seetion 425
'5 and the optieal sensors lS, 160 and 162. Incoming signals from the start sensor 160,
the stop sensor 15 and the end sensor 162 are proeessed in the sensor input proeessing
means 402, before being forwarded to the ma~ logie eontrol 400. The senor input
proeessing 402 eontains de-bouneed op-amp stages to amplify and filter the signals
firom the sensors 15, 160 and 162. The sensor input processing also reeeives motor
30 baek emf signals from the upper and lower drive motors 12, 14 via motor eontrol
seetion 404. The baek emf sienals from the upper and lowcr dri~e moto~s arc also
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filtercd and amplified and converted to a digital signal before being fed to the main
logic control 400. The main logic control 400 also receives input from thc internal
control panel 182 which provides user selectablc option signals to ~hc main logic
control 400 to change the manner in which the scrolling apparatus 10 is controlled by
5 the control means 401. The main logic control 400 also receives input signals from
the sound reproduction means 406 and thc function timer section 425.
Thc sound reproduction means 406, in the second embodiment of the present
invention, comprises a digital voicc recorder aDd playback dcviec 410 coupled to10 semiconductor memory 408. Figure 15 shows a more detailed schematic diagram of
the sound reproduction means 406 in aceordanee with thc second embodiment.
Control inputs 442 arc received by a logic control SCCtioD 436 from the main logie
control 400. The logie eontrol 436 perfonns deeoding logic operations on the control
inputs 442 in order to select onc of a plurality of memory banks 428 of the
15 semiconductor memory 408. The logie eontrol 436 also provides control signals to
a sound control means 430. Whcn thc sound control mcans 430 is placed in reeord
mode, a sound signal at an analog input 4~0 is amplified by an amplifier stage 434
and passcd to the sound eontrol means 430 wherc it is eonvcrtcd into a digital signal.
The digitised sound signal is then storcd scqucntially in thc mcmory barlk 428 seleaed
~0 by the logie control 436 for retricval at a later time. Thcn, when the sound control
mcans is instruetcd to rcproducc thc rceorded sounds, thc storcd data in selectcd
memory bank 428 is retrieved sequcntially via thc digital data~eontrol bus by thc
sound eontrol means 430. The retrieved digital dah is eonverted into an analog signal
by a digital-to-analog eonvener, whieh signal is then amplified and filtered by op-
'5 amp stage 43~, the amplifieation of whieh may be varied by potention-metcr 200.
The amplified and filtered analog output 438 is then fed to a spcaker 414 via an on/off
control relay 416.
l~c seeond embodiment utiliscs a singlc ehip continuously variable slope
30 delta-modulation (CVSD) voiee recorder (sueh as TMS 3477 from Texas Instruments)
for use as sound control means 430. Such a single chip voiee reeording/playbaek
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controller intcrfaces directly with scmiconductor memory 428 for casc of use andconstruction. Ihe second embodiment utiliscs four one-megabit semiconduaor
memory chips for the mcmory banks 428 of storage memory 408, which allows
approximately 1 minutc 40 scconds of sound reproduction when thc sound control 430
a is set to 3' kilohertz data sampling frequency.
Sounds and control signal tones arc initially recorded on magnetic tape for use
with a tape player 412 (Figure 14). When the audio signal is to be stored in thedigital memory the tape player 41 ' is coupled to the analog hput 440 and a record
10 signal is scnt from the main logic control 400 to logic control 436 via the control
input 442. Since the semiconductor memoq banks 428 comprise volatile RAM
memory a battery backup clearical supply is provided in the sound reproduction
means so that audio signals stored in the memory 408 can be retained even if
electrical powcr is switched off to the rest of the control means 401. The memory
15 banks 428 may be sequentially pre-rccorded with a single continuous audio signal,
with logic control 436 automatically switching from one memory bank to the next
during record and playback of the audio signal. Alternatively, the memory banks may
be stored with up to four separate audio signals, one in each of the memory banks 1
to 4. This can allow up to four different audio voicc mcssagcs to be pre-rccorded and
0 played back, each with its own prc-recorded control signals. A ~nher advantage of
the digital audio storage technique is that, unlike a nonnal magnetic tapc soundreproduction device, no tirnc is rcquircd to rcwind the audio mcssagc ~om thc end
back to the bcginning. The digital sound reproduction mcans is also much simpler in
construction and morc rcliable than a mechanical sound rcproduction mcans sucb as
a magnetic audio tapc playcr.
The control mcans 401 (Figure 14) is also provided with a function timer
scction 425. This indudcs a daily on~off timcr 424 and a group sclect timer 426. The
daily on/off timer 424 may bc selectively programmed by the uscr, via the intemal
30 control panel 18~ and main logic control 400, to enablc the display apparatus to bc
automatically aaivated and dcactivated at prcdetem~incd timcs during thc day. For
WO 92/12508 . ~ ~ 9 ~, ~ 8 ~ Pcr/Aug2/00006
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example, the daily on/off timer mav be pre-programmed to switch the apparatus onat 9 o'clock in the moming and switch the apparatus off at 5 o'clock in the evening.
Thc daily on/off timer 424 contains a 24 hour electronic clockt memnrv tO s!or~
switch-on and switch-off timcs and a comparator stagc to deter!ninc thc switch-on
and switeh-off times by comparison of the electronic cloek output and thc storcdswitch-on and switch-off times in the provided mcmory. When the comparator
within thc daily on/off timer stagc 424 indicates corrcspondcnee bctween the
electronic clock output and thc stored switeh-on time a switeh-on signal is sent to the
main logic control 400. Similarly, when thc eomparator determines eorrespondenee10 between the prc-storcd switch-off timc and the clcctronic clock output thc timcr 424
is usc a switch-off signal to thc main logie eontrol 400. Whcn a switeh-on signal is
reccivcd by thc main logic control 400 thc control mcans 401 bcgins a proccdurc
illustrated by thc flow chart in Figurc 18. Whcn a switch-off signal is receivcd thc
main logic control 400 cnters a rcsct statc and waits for a switch-on signal from the
15 on/off timcr 424.
Thc function timcr section 425 also contains group selcct timer 426 whieh
recei-es an input of the electronic clock time from tbe daily on/off timer 424. The
group sclcct timer 4 '6 opcrates in a maMcr similar to thc daily on/off timer 424 only,
'0 instcad of indieating timcs for apparatus to switch on and switch off, the group sclca
timcr 426 indicates timcs at which thc apparatus should display different groupsof images.
If thc image display medium 24 comprises a numbcr of imagc groups 169, and
25 the sound rcproduetion mcans 406 is prc-stored witb a numbcr of diffcrcocc voicc
mcssagcs in thc mcmory banks 428, thcn thc group sclcet timcr 426 may bc
programmcd to instruet thc main logie control 400 to switeh from onc imagc group169 and mcmory bank 428 to anothcr imagc group and mcmory bank at a
predctcnnincd timc. For examplc, if the imagc displa- mcdium 24 is providcd with30 four distinet imagc groups 169 and thc sound rcproduedon mcmory is prc-rceordcd
with four scparate voicc mcssagcs, then the group sclca timcr n6 may bc prc-stored
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with four ~ hour clock times at which the image display apparatus is to switch from
one image group 169 and oice message stored on a memory bank 428 to the ne~ct
image group and voice message.
The control means ~01 also comprises a touch plate 422 which may be located
on the front of the box enclosure 136, adjacent to the transparent portion for image
display. The touch plate 42 ~ is coupled to a touch switch circuit 420 such that, when
a person touches the touch plate 422, the touch switch circuit 420 senses a change of
capaeitanee in the touch plate 4æ and energises a relay 416 whieb conDects the
speaker 414 to the sound reproduction means 406. When the touch switch circuit 420
senses the change in capacitance of the touch plate 422 the touch switch eircuit 420
also issues a signal to the main logie control 400 whieh initiates a preset voice timer.
When the voice timer expires the main logie control 400 issues a signal to the touch
switeh cireuit 4~0 which then de-energises the speaker relay 416. Altematively,
instead of a timer, a counter may be utilised to de-energise the speaker relay 416 after
a predetermined number of images have been advanced. The number of ima~es which
ha-e been advaneed may be counted using the output of the optical stop sensor 15 as
an indication of the movement of images.
~0 Figure 16 shows controls which may be available on an intemal coDtrol paoel
18~ of the second embodiment. The internal control panel 182 indudes a start push
button switeh 186 which aetivates and deactivates the image display apparatus. A run
led 188 indieates whether the sound reproduetion means 406 is aetivated or
deaetivated. The eontrol panel also ineludes a reeordlplay toggle switeh 196 to eontrol
'5 the sound reproduetion and record means 406 to switeh between reeord and playbaek
modes of the digital voice reeorder 410. Another toggle switeh 194 enables the
apparatus to be eontrolled by ei~her control signals from the sound reproduetion means
406 or signals from the delay timer 5 ' eontained in the eontrol logie seetion 403 of
the control means 401. A thumbwheel switeh is eoupled to the delay tirner 52 to
enable the user to p eset a time for whieh eaeh image 23 will bc displaycd whcn thc
apparatus is in timer mode. Another thumbwheel switeh 190 enables the user to
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prese~ the voice counter value for the number of images during which the relay switch
~16 to the speaker ~14 remains closed after the touch switch circuit 420 has been
activated bv the touch nla~e ~ q hnpu~ jack l9Q iS ?.o;ided 011 ;hG eUilirOI panei
18' for connection of the tape player 41' to allow pre-recorded audio si~als to be
5 transferred from the tape player 412 to the digital sound reproduction means 406 An
output level potentio-meter '00 of the control panel 182 allows adjustment of the
level of the analog output 43g to the speaker 414 The control panel 182 is also
provided with timer progranuning control push buttons 206, week day indicators 204
and time c!ock display 202. The controls 206 allow timer values to be entered for
10 cach day of the week, as indicated by the week day indicators ~04, for use in the daily
on~off timer 4~4 and the group select timer 426 A reset push button 208is also
provided which, when pressed, places the control logic into a reset state, and rewinds
~he images to the physical beginning of the image display medium 24
An auxiliarv control panel 184 contains three push buttons for use in !-~ading
imaees '3 onto the scrolling apparatus 10 A forward push button '10, when pressed,
causes the motor control 404 to pro-ide a low oltage input to the lower drive motor
14 Similarlv a backward push button '12, when pressed, causes the upper drive
motor 1' to be pro-ided with a low voltage input When the low voltage input is
'0 pro-ided to either the upper or lower dri-e motor 1', 14 the upper or lower spool 16,
18 is caused to rotate slowly, thus slowly moving the image display medium 24 in one
direction or the other Using this slow movement of the image display medium the
joining portion 161 between two images 23 of the image display medium 24 may be
accurately positioned to allow one image ''3 to be replaced by another image with the
'5 image display medium still wound upon spools 16, 18 To change one image 23 for
another, the joinins ponion 161 would ordinarily be advaneed to a position between
two traaor feed deviees 164 sueh that the two images 23 adjoining the ponion 161are held in plaee bv the traaor feed deviees 164 Whilst in this position the adhesive
tape or "-elero" strips used to join the images ''3 may be removed and another image
30 plaeed on the traetor feed deviee guiding projections 172 to aeeurately align the new
image with the adjoining imaee A release push button ''14 is also provided on ~he
e~
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auxiliary control panel 18~ which acts tO slowly drive the uppcr and lower drivemotors 1' and 1~ in opposite directions to reduce the tcnsion on the image display
medium '~ to enable casy rcplacement of images.
S Figurc 18 shows a flow chart 301 of the operation of control system 401 of the
sccond embodiment of the present in-ention. Throughout the flow chart thc following
shorthand notation is utilised:
BOTSNS designates that a signal has been issucd from the start sensor 160
10 indicating that the first image in a group of images 169 is now displayed;
EOTSNS designates that a signal has issued from the end scnsor 162 indicating
that the final image 171 in a group of images 169 is now displayed;
STPSNS designates that a signal has issued from the stop scnsor 15 indicating
that thc image Z3 being displayed is correctly aligned;
[,'PWARDS designates a direction of movcment of the image display medium
wherein the imagc display medium 24 is unwound from lower spool 18 and wound
upon upper spool 16;
DOWNW'ARDS designates a direction of movement of the image display
medium '4 wherein it is unwound from upper spool 16 and wound upoo lower spool
'0 18;
RUN designates a condition of the upper and lower drive motor inputs sucb
that the image display medium 24is moved in the upwards or downwards dircaion;
STRT VOICE designates that the sound reproduction means 406 has begun
producing audio output signals; and
''5 TONE dcsi~natcs a control signal from the sound reproduction means 406
which is decoded in a DTMF decoder containcd in the main logic control 400.
The proccdure of flow chart 301 begins at step 300 wherein the control mcans
`~01 is held in a reset state where both uppcr and lower motors are at rest. At step
30 302 the main logic control 400 issues a control signal to the motor control 404 which
acts to dri-e thc lower motor 14 un~il the entire image display medium 24is wound
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upon lowcr spool 18. As in the first embodiment, whcn one of thc uppcr and lowerdri~e motors a~c energised thc back emf ~om the motor which is not energised ma~be used as an indica~ion of the movement of thc image display medium 24. At step30~ the UPWARDS direction is sekcted and during step 306 thc image display
5 medium is moved in thc sclcctcd dircction until thc first image 167 in a group of
images 169 is displa-cd. At step 308 the control logic ~03 deterrnines which of the
four pre-stored image groups should currently be displayed and comparcs it with the
image group which is selccted (initially group onc). ff tbc image group which should
bc displaycd does not match the selected image group step 310 acts to increment the
10 selected imagc group and corresponding memory bank 4'8 of the sound reproduction
means 406. The image display medium ~1 is then advanced to the bcgiMing of the
ncxt imagc group as indicated by BOTSNS and the comparison of stcp 308 is repcated
until thc imagc group which is selcctcd matches thc imagc group to bc displayed. If
the internal control panel 182 is set to timcr modc by togglc switch 194, stcp 312
15 dirccts the proccdure to step 314 which acts to initiate dclay timcr 52. When tbc
dciav rimer e.~pires step 316 direas the procedurc to advancc the imagc displav
mcdium to the next imagc '3 in thc group of images 169 (stcp 318). If thc upwards
dircction is currcntly selcctcd (stcp 3 0) and thc end of a imagc group is sensed (stcp
326) thcn thc dircction of movcmcnt of thc imagc display mcdium 24 is rcvcrsed at
'0 stcp 328. Similarly, if thc downwards direction is currcntly sclected and the bcgiMing
of a imagc group is senscd (stcp 32') thcn thc dircaion is rcverscd so that thc
upwards dircction becomcs valid (step 32~). The procedure thcn rcturns to step 312
and beyns again. If thc voice mode has bccn selected via toggle switch 194 of
intcn~al control pancl 182 then step 330 aas to start thc sound reproduction means
'5 ~06. By virtue of steps 306, 308 and 310, the memory bank 428 of the sound
reproduction mcans 406 corresponds to the image g~oup which is currcntly displayed.
When a control signal (TONE) is received (step 332) it is decoded by the Dl~F
dccoder and detcrmined to be one of an up tone, a down tone or a rewind tone (steps
;;4. 336 and 338). If none of ;hese tones are recognised thcn the signal is ignorcd
30 (step 340) and thc main logic control 400 waits for another tone to be reccivcd at stcp
33 '. lf the tone is an up tone (step 334) the upwards dircaion is selected at step 342
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wo 92/12508 2 ~ 9 ~ ~ ~, PCI/AU92/00006
_ ~5 _
and the image display medium ~ is advanced to the next imagc in the sequcnce in
the upwards direction (step 318). If the tone detected is a down tone (step 336) thcn
the downwards directi~m is ~leaed at ~tep ~ and the im2g: di rl2y :ro-di u.. ~. i;,
ad-anced to the next image in the sequcnce in thc downwards dircaion (318). If the
S tone detcaed is a rewind tonc (step 338) then thc downwards dircction is also selectcd
(step 346) and step 348 acts to advance the image display medium 24 until the
beginning of the selected image group 169 is sensed (step 348) Steps 320 to 3 '8 are
then carried out as in thc timer mode.
Using the procedure illustrated in flow chart 301 the images 23 in a group 169
can be sequentiallv displayed in upwards se~uence followed by downwards sequencecontinuously, accompanied bv corresponding oice messages from the sound
reproduction means 406 which issucs the appropriate up and down tones. When the
images of the group 169 are displayed in downwards sequence tbe tone issued from1~ the pre-recorded audio signal of the sound reproduction means 406 to move from the
penultimate image to the final image in the sequence (for example. the first image of
the grnup) may be a rewind tone instead of a down tone. l his restores both the image
group 169 to the first image in the group and the voice message of the sound
reproduction means to the begiMing, thus ensuring that the voice message and the20 image sequence are re-synchrooised in the event that an up or down tone was misscd
during the displav of the se~uence.
Figure 19 shows a flow chart 371 which is carried out by the main logic
control 400 continuously during the operation of the control system 401. This
'S procedure whether the scrolling apparatus is in a jammed conditioo. If cither or botb
of the upper and lower motors 12, 14 are being driven (step 362) then a movementsensor is examined to deter nine whether the image display medium 24 is in fact being
moved (step 364). The movement sensor may, as in the first embodiment, comprise
the upper or lower motor back emf, or may alternatively comprise a shaft encoder or
30 pulse counter. A pulse counter movement sensor mag easily be incorporated in the
second embodiment usins an optical sensor IO sense movement of the guide holes 166
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along one edge of the image mcdium past a stationcry light sourcc. If movemeDt is
sensed at step 364 thcn a jam timer is rcset at step 374 and step 362 is rcpcated. If
onc of the upper and lower drive motors 12, 11 ærc !~ing drivcQ and no ...o-;rm~en;
is sensed ~rom the movement scnsor (step 364) thcn thc jam timer is cxamined to
5 determincd whcthcr it has becn prcviously set (stcp 366). rf the jam timcr has not
been set then step 37~ acts to sct the jam timer and retum thc procedure to step 362.
If the timcr has bcen set (stcp 366) and the tim- has cxpired (stcp 368) this indicates
that one of the upper and lowcr drive motors 12, 14 have been energiscd for a
predetermined time without any movement of thc imagc display mcdium ~4 taking
10 placc, thus indicating a jammcd condition (SlCp 370). If thc jam timcr has not expired
(step 368) then the procedure is again retumed to step 362.
Figure ~0 shows a flow chart of a procedurc which may bc carricd out by the
control mcans 401 to changc from onc imagc group 169 to another imagc group.
15 Whcn thc group sclea timer ~26 cxpires (stcp 360) thc main lo,eic control 400dctcrmincs if thc currcnt eroup is thc last of thc prcsct imagc groups at stcp 35'. If
thc currcnt imaee eroup 169 is thc last of thc groups thcn stcp 354 acts to rewind thc
image display medium 2~ to thc bcgiMing of thc first of thc image groups 169. Stcp
360 similarly acts to sct thc control inputs 442 to logic control 436 of thc sound
'0 rcproduction mcans 406 to sclcct thc mcmory bank 428 corrcsponding to thc first
imagc group 169. If, at stcp 35', thc main logic control 400 dctcrrnines that the
currcnt imagc group 169 is not thc last of thc prcsct imagc groups, thcn thc upwards
dircction is sclectcd at stcp 356 and thc imagc display mcdium 24 is advanccd in thc
upwards direction until thc bcginning of thc ncxt imagc group 169 is dctcctcd by the
5 optical start sensor and thc optical stop scnsor (stcp 358). Stcp 360 is thcn carricd out
to sclcct thc ncxt of thc mcmory banks 428, corrcsponding to thc ncw imagc group169.
With rcfercncc to Figure '9, thcrc is shown a third cmbodimcnt of thc imagc
30 displav apparatus, indicated by rcfcrcnce numbcr 600. Thc basic opcration of thc third
cmbodimcnt of thc imagc displa,v apparatus is csscntially the same as that described
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in rclation to Ihe second cmbodiment, however including several added featurcs. A
isual display mcans 604 comprises a pair of parallel spaced spools each driven by
a respective clectric motor IO cnah!c ~ plu~!ity of ima ,es Jeir.^d end to _..d :o fu..J.
~ length of image display medium IO be coiled and uncoiled upon the spools and
5 displaycd Iherebetween, as described with reference to Figures 2, 9 & 10, for example.
rhe electric motors of the isual display means 604 are controlled by a centralised
control means 602. ~e control means 602 comprises a mieroprocessor or
microcontroller baving input and output ports for receiving data and issuing control
signals to and from the various components coupled thereto, one of whieh is the visual
10 display means 604, which receives signals via control circuitry 610. The
microprocessor or micro coDtroller of the control means 602 includes non volatile
memory such as ROM or EPROM containing controlling instructions for the miero
processor or micro controller, and RAM for storing and retrieving information relating
to the operation of the image display apparatus.
rhe central control means 60' issues control signals to the electric motors of
the isual displav means 604 by way of the control cireuitry 610, which comprises,
for example, digital-to-analog converting circuitry and operational amplifiers, for
changing digital control si@als from the control means 602 into appropriate analog
'0 signals to drive or control the electric motors. ~mage movement and position sensors
606 deri- e data from the mo~ement and position of the images in the visual display
means 604, and forward sueh data to the eentral control means 602 by way of analog-
to-digital and decoding circuitry 612. The apparatus 600 also includes audio storage
cireuitry 608, such as the digital sound cireuitry illustrated and deseribed with
25 referenee to Figure 15, which is eontrolled by signals from the eontrol means 602, and
whieh outputs sound by way of a speaker 620. The audio storage eireuitry 608 also
outputs sound signals to a DTMF deeoder 614 whieh deeodes the sound signals and
issues data to the control means 602 in the way previously deseribed. A control panel
516 is also ineluded, comprising a multiple line alpha-numerie display 626, and a key
30 pad 62t. The alpha-numerie display 626 allows the eontrol means 602 to outputinformation to a user of the apparatus, sueh as menu options relating to the eontrol of
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thc apparatus 600, or prompt for inforrnation from the user to be cntered by way of
thc kcy pad 62~.
One of thc mcnu options selectable from the key pad 62~ is thc option to place
S the image display apparatus 600 into a remote control manual mode, which utilises an
input from a rerr.ote control 618. When in thc remole control manual modc a signal
issued on remote line 618, by way of a wircd push button switch, is receivcd by the
control mcans 602, which causes thc visual display mcans 604 to advancc to the next
image in the sequence of images.
As in the second embodiment, the changing of the display of images in the
visual displav means 604 may be controlled either by way of control signals derived
from the audio storage means 608, or by way of timing signals generated within the
control means 602. When the latter method is adopted in the third embodiment, the
15 display time for each of the individual images may be programmed individually, and
flowchart 650 for this procedure is illustrated in Figure 30. l~e programming begins
at step 65' and at step 654 thc image display medium is rewound to its bcginning.
Thc first image of the first group of images is thcn displayed at step 656. Whilst the
first image is being displaycd the control means 602 utilises the alpha numeric display
'0 626 to prompt a user to input a display time delay for the image currently displayed
(step 658), in response to which the user inputs a time delay in seconds by way of the
key pad 624. The delay time inputted at step 658 is stored by the control mcans 602
(step 660) in RAM memory, in a location thereof which is associated by the control
means 602 with the image currcntly on display. At step 662 the control means
25 determines whether the currently displayed image is the last image in the entire
sequence of images contained in the visual display mcans 604, and if the last image
is deteaed the procedure is terminated at step 664. If Ihe last imagc is not dcteaed
at stcp 662 the next image in the sequence of images is displayed by the visual
display means 604 (step 666). The control means 602 again prompts the uscr to input
30 a display time delay for the image displayed (step 668) and the delay time
programmed by the user is stored in memory at step 670. Thereafter the procedure
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returns to slep 662 and repcats steps 662 to 670 until each of the images in thesequence has bcen allocated a display time delav. Once ha-ing been prograrnmed in
this manner; t~e cnntro! me2QC ~)2 is !hen able to c^r.~! ~ isu ' m .ea.-.s w~ iu.;h
that each image in the scquence is displayed for an amouot of time correspondiog ~o
5 that stored in the memory location corresponding to that irnage.
One way jD which the above procedure may be morc easily faeilitated is by
providing each image in the v isual display means 604 with a label containing a unique
barcode. Sueh a barcode label may be provided on eaeh image 23 (see Figure ~) in10 place of a stop tab 13, positioned in a corner of the image '3. A barcode reader may
then be provided in a manner similar to optieal sensor 15 (Figure 7), comprising a
portion of the image mo--ement and position sensors 606. Barcode deeoding circuitry
(612) may then be provided to receive signals from Ihe bara~de sensor to output the
unique code to the control means 602. In this way, the unique code derived from the
15 bareode label may be used by the eontrol means 602 as an index to the memory
location at which to store the delay time for the comespo~ding image, during theprogramming procedure 6S0. The code may again be used duADg normal operation
to retrieve the delav time fiom the RAM memory.
~0 The imase displav apparatus 600 is further provided with a vieinity movement
sensor 6", which may be an ultrasonic or infared type det~ctor of the typc used in
burglar alarm deteetion systems. This feature allows the ima~e display apparatus 600
to aetively operale only when movement of people is deteeted in the immediate
vieinity of the apparatus. By disabling movement of the images and de-energising'5 the lights of the isual display means 604 whilst no motement is deteeted in the
vicinity of the apparatus 600, redueed power eonsumptioo aDd redueed wear and tear
of both the apparatus and the image display medium eao be aehievet. A proceturalnOw ehart of operation of the eontrol means 602 utilising an input from the ViCiDity
movement sensor 6~' is illustrated at 675 in Figure 31. At step 680 a movement
30 timer is started. being initially zero. As in all the timed funetions in the third
embodiment, the movemeDt timer may comprise an internal timer of the micro
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proccssor or micro controller of thc control means 602, or an elapsed time may bc
measured by way of an internal clock. If movement is scnsed by the deteaor 62
~st.,p 5~ tb. .mc;e...c..; fi~rl iS îc~; a; SîCp Gô2, and ihc proceaure is rerurned to
step 684 to examine for furthcr movement in thc vicinity. If no movcmcnt is detected
S at step 684 the value of the movement timer is exarnined (step 686) and if the timer
alue is greater than a pre-deterrnined aluc (step 688) the procedure continues to step
690. If the timer valuc is less than the presct aiue thc procedure re~urns to step 684
to determine any movcment in the vicinity. Stcp 690 acts to pausc thc image dclay
timer such that no furthcr mo- ement of imagcs takcs placc, pauscs the output of sound
10 from the audio storage circuitry 608, and may dc-energise thc illuminating lights of
thc visual display 604 if transparencies are displayed such that the lights must be
turned on to view the imagcs. Having pauscd opcration of the visual display mcans
604, the control means 602 acts to monitor the movemcnt dctector 62'' (step 692),
until somc movement is detccted. In this c-cnt, the lights are again turned OD, the
15 sound is restarted and the image delay timer is also ~estæ~ted (step 594). Havi::g
returncd to normal operation, the movement timer is reset (step 682) and the procedure
returns to step 681.
With refcrcncc now to figures ''1 to 28, a coilcd display matcrial 50''
'0 is shown particularly in Figurc ~1, comprising gcnerally a Icngth of display material
508 coiled in ovcrlapping fashion upon a cylindrieal spool 504. Thc display matcrial
mav bc, for cxamplc, a Icngth of transparcneics formed from photographie filrn,
postcrs, screcn prints or photographs. The edgcs 507 of thc display matcrial havc
disposcd thcrcalong lenyhs of a spacing mcans 506. Thc spaeing mcans 506
"5 comprisc gencrally flat elongate lengths of a flc~dblc matcrial having a thiehess
indieated by t. rhe display material 508 is of clongatc rcetangular shapc, and has
elongate or sidc edgcs 50? with which an edgc 509 of thc spaeing mcans 506 is
aligncd.
In usc, the display matcrial 508 togethcr with thc spaeing mcans 506 may bc
eoiled upon or uncoilcd from thc glindrieal spool 504 in thc dircetion indieatcd by
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arrow 505 or 511 respcctively. Whcn thc display matcrial 508 and spaciDg means 506
are coiled upon the spool 504 by rotation of thc spool in tbc direction 505, subse~ucnt
!er:g:hs of :be display r;.a;cl,al 508 ove~laps ;~ngt~ f Ibe ma~erial 50~ previously
coiled upon the spool 504, creating layers of display material 508 around the spool
a 504. Along the edges of the display material 508, where the spacing means 506 is
disposed, an inwardly facing surface 519 of the display material makes contaa with,
and is coiled upon, an outwardly facing surfaee 521 of thc respeetive underlyingponion of thc spacing means 506. Thc spaeing cffcct of the spacing means 506 at
each edgc of thc display material 508, whilst thc matcrial is coilcd on the spool 504,
10 prevcnts thc outwardly facing surface 517 of a panieular laycr of the coilcd display
material 508 from making contact with the inwardly facing surface of a subsequcnt
layer of the display material 508 when it is coilcd thercupoD. Tbc narrow strips of tbe
spacing mcans 506 shown in Figurc 21 are also sufficieDt to effea a gap between
coiled layers of the display material 508 in the ponion of the display material which
15 lies between the spacing means 51)6 located at the edges of tlh: elo~g~tc display
matcrial.
Figure '' shows a side view of a ponion of a display apparatus 510 where
display matcrial in accordancc with cmbodiments of the pl~sent in~vention may find
'0 use. Opposcd cnds of thc clongatc display matcrial 508 attaeh rcspcctivcly to spaccd
and generally parallel cylindrical spools 51", 514, whereupon portions of the display
material 508 may be coiled on either or both of thc spools S12, 514. This may bccffeaed in sueh a way that rotation of the spool 514 in a doekwisc direaion coils a
portion of the display material 508 and attached spaeing means S06 on tbe spool 514.
~5 Such rotational movcment of this spool 514 causcs the display material 508 in thc
region bctwcen spools 51'' and 514 to move in a dircction S18 towards thc spool S14,
and eauses rotaliOn of thc spool in an anticlockwise dircction so as to uncoil â portion
of the display material 508 thcrcfrom. Simiiarly, clockwisc rotation of thc spool 512
causcs movcmcnt of the display material 508 in a dircction 516, then causcs a portion
30 of thc display matcrial to be uncoilcd from the spool 51~ by clockwise rotation
thcrcof. In this way, an imagc formed on the portion of thc display material 508 may
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be visiblc when that portion is disposed in thc region behvecn the spools 51', 514,
and next image along the length of the display material 508 may be moved into the
r~g,oil ber*cerl ;he ap~la uy lotaii~Jn of ine spools.
S Figure '3 shows a leng~h of display material 508 for ned from sections 525
which are joincd end to cnd at joints 5'6. In this embodimcnt, the spacing mcans 506
is also comprised of a plurality of sections along thc cdges of each section of display
matcrial 5'5. [n this way, each section 525 of display material 508 may be provided
with lengths of the spacing means 506 along thc cdges thereof before being joined to
othcr respective sections 5~5. Alternatively, scveral joined sections 5~5 may beprovided with a single length of spacing means 506 along each edge thereof before
being joined to another series of similar joined scction or sections.
Figure '-1 shows a cutaway section two consecuti-e coils 530, 532 of a length
of display material 50~s, coiled upon a spool 504. The dQwiqg particul~-ly show;. a
length of display material 508 provided with spacing means 506 having a thickness
t, the portions 5'0, 5'~ of consecutive coils 530, 53' being separated by the spacing
means 506 so as to a-oid damagc to thc surfaces of thc displav matcrial 508 fromcontact therebctwcen.
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The thickness t of the spacing means 506 may be in tbe range of a fraction of
a millimetre to scveral millimetres thick, and the thickncss selected for the spacing
means may be somewhat dependant upon the widtb of the display material 508 to
which it is to be applied, since a thicker aricty of spacing meaos 506 may be more
~5 effeaive in separating the adjacent coils of a display material 508 having greater
width. Each Icngth of the spacing means 506 may be constructed from a strip of amaterial such as fclt, rubber, foam rubber, plastic or, for cxatnple, thc backing from
a strip of "-clcro" matcrial. The main criteria for selecting a material to be used for
the spacing mcans 506. is that it bc flexible, of sufficient thickness to provide a gap
between adjaccnt coils of the display material, and that it be readily affixed to the
particular display material to be uscd. In that regard. the display material 508 may
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commonly be constructed of a plastic film, such as may ordinarily be utilised astransparencies for the display of images recorded thereon, or may be constructed from
some other flexiblc matenal ~uch ?S c~rdh~ard or pper which h~ beer, l~hinatcd.
a Rcferring now to Figures '5 and 26, therc is shown a tool 540 which may be
used to accurately align adjacent sections 525 of a display matcrial beforc the abutting
joining thereof. Thc tool comprises a rcctangular backing plate 542 and two elongate
clamping members 544. The elongate clamping mcmbers 544 can be secured adjacent
thc longitudinal edges of the backing plate 542 by means of threaded wiDg-nuts 546
which engagc with threaded bolts projecting &om tbe top surfacc of thc baeking plate
51A~, and through corresponding holes in the respective ends of the clamping members
544, there being one bolt and wing-nut disposed at each end of each clamping
member 544. Thc backing plate 542 and clamping members 544 are constructed so
as to be longer in their direction of extent than the width of the sections 525 of the
display material with which they are to be used.
In use, two display material sections 5'5 are introduced into the tool 540, an
cnd of each scction i'5 bcing inscrtcd be~ween a respective clarnping member 544and the backing plate 542, whilst the securing wing-nuts 546 are in a loosened
'O position. Each clamping membcr 544 is further provided with two aligDiDg holes 548,
which align with corresponding holes in the backing plate 542 whcn the cla npingmember is secured by the bolts and wing-nuts 546. The corners of the display
material seetions 5'5 are also provided with aligning holes 548 which may be
positioned to align with the corrcsponding holes in thc rcspectivc clamping mcmbcr
''5 544 and thc backing platc 542. Whcn a section 525 is so positioncd, it may be hcld
in alignmcnt with thc baeking platc 542 and clamping mcmbcr 544 by mcans of dowcl
inscrtcd in each holc 548. The holes 548 arc so positioned in thc corners of thcscctions 5~5 and the tool 540 such that, whcn two display matcrial SCCtioDS 525 arc
aligned by mcans of ~hc holes 5~8, thc cnd edges thereof abut along a joiDing line
5'6. The scctions 525 may then be clamped in position by tightening the wing-nuts
546 on the clamping members 5~4, and the two seaions 525 may be sccurcd together
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in thcir correct alignment by means of a length of adhesive tape 550.
Thç SnaC.jng ms~ns 506, b~i35 prvvided alohg ;h~ sid~ cu~s ~~ ~e dispiay
material 508, is effectivc to provide a gap between adjaccnt coilcd la-ers of the
5 display material 508, in the regions adjacent the side edges thereof. The gap betwecn
centre portions of coiled layers of the display material 508, howcv, may be
samcwhat dependcnt upon the stiffness of thc coiled display material. In this regard,
it has been found that where thc display material 508 comprises a pluraliq of sections
5''5 joined cnd-to-end in abutting fashion, for examplc, with adbcsive tapc as
10 hcreinbefore dcscribcd, the lateral stiffness of thc display matcrial 508 may, in somc
instanccs, bc somewhat reduced in the region of the joint 526. This rcduction instiffness may be such as to allow the display material 508 to bow or sag in a direction
transvcrse to the axis of the coiling spool, in the region of the joint 526, to such an
extent that contact is made between thc display material in the centre portion of the
15 region of the joint 5'6 and the centre portion of an adjacent coiled layer of display
material S08.
Figure '7 shows a method of joining adjacent sections 560, S6. of display
material so as to a-oid any difficulties whieh may be encountered with an abuning
'0 joint. In this Figure, the adjacent sections 560,562 are shown overlapping cach other
in a region 570, an end ponion of seetion 562 Iying on top of ar. end portion of the
section 560. Dashed lines 566 and 564 represent the end edges of the sections 560
and 562 respectively, whilst the region 570 Iying thercbetwccn is thc regioo of overlap
of the two sections. The end edgcs 564,566 are affLlced to adjaccnt end ponions of
'5 the respective overlapping seetion 560,562 by mcans of strips of fle~ible adhesive
tape 568, in a manner similar to that hereinbcfore deseribed in relation to Figures 25
and 26.
The overlap ~ 70 between the adjacent scctions 560. S62 provides grcater lateral30 stiffness aaoss the width of the display material 508 in the region of the joint 526,
in eomparison to thc abutting joim. The incrcased stiffncss may bc cffeaive to
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eliminate the dificulties of bowing or sa~ging of the display material in the centre
portion in the regions of the joints 5~6 between adjacent sections.
The overlapping joint between adjacent seetions 560, 562 of the display
5 material 508 described above, also enables the provision of a particularly simple
aligning and joining tool 540, as shown in Figure '8. The tool 540 is similar inconstruction to that described in relation to Figures 25 and 26, however only one
elongate clamping member 544 is provided extending across the backing plate 542,centrally located with respect to the longitvudinal edges thereof. Aligning holes 548
10 are provided in the corners of the adjacent sections 560, 562, such that alignment of
the respective aligning holes 548 of the adjacent sections places the adjacent sections
560, 562 in the necessary relative positions to be joined by means of the strips of
adhesive tape 568. This alignment procedure may be effected by means of thc tool5~0 by align nent of the aligning holes 548 of the sections 560, 562 with
15 corresponding aligning holes 548 provided in thc clamping membçr 544 and bac!~ing
plate 54'. With the adjacent sections 560, 56'' so positioned, being plaeed between
~he backing plate 542 and the clamping member 544 in its looscned position, the
relative positioning may bc seeured by inserting dowel sections in the aligning holcs
548 of the ctamping member 544 which extend th~ough the aligning holes 548 of both
'O scctions 560, 562 and the corresponding aligning holes 548 of the backing platc 542.
Thc scctions 560, S6' may then be clampcd in position by tigh~ening the wing-nuts
S46 on the elamping membcr S44, and the seetions may then bc sccured togcther intheir eorreet alignmcnt by applying Icngths of adhcsive tapc S68 along thc edges 564,
566.
~'5
It will apprcciatcd from thc forcgoing dcseription of thc aligning tool 540 thatmany varieties of sceuring mcans may bc uscd in placc of the bolts and wing nuts546, and that many differeDt typa of aligning means may also bc uscd. For examplc,
to align thc scetions 525, thcrc nccd not bc providcd aligning hola 548 into whieh a
30 dowcl is insertcd to seeurc alignmcnt. Indccd, aliigning marks may bc merely
provided on both the display material scetion 525 and thc holding membcr 544 or
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backing plate 542 with the holding mcmbcr 544 bcing tightencd against the backing
plate 542 to hold the section 5'5 in its correct alignment.
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