Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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The present invention relates to cavity windows containing screening
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means of the type called "Yenetian" and more specifically to a device for
operating said screening means.
In the description which follows below, the cavity windows in question
will more simply be referred to using the term "Venetian glass chambers",
meaning a manufactured item comprising two parallel glass panes forming
between them a cavity inside which there is mounted such a blind of the
Venetian type, namely with parallel slats which may be rotated about a
horizontal axis between a position in which the slats lie in a horizontal
plane so that they do not prevent substantially the passage of light and
a substantially vertical or near-vertical end position in which they
prevent the passage of light and hence function as a screening curtain.
As is known, conventional Venetian blinds are equipped with an upper box
container which houses the mechanism for operating the slats, a mechanism
which in some cases is merely able to vary (in the manner already
indicated) the orientation of the individual slats, while in other cases
it is also able to displace the slats in the vertical direction until
they are bunched together near the top end of the blind.
Conventional Venetian glass chambers have in turn been manufactured in
such a way as to miniaturize as far as possible the conventional Venetian
blind designed to be accommodated inside the associated cavity.
However, the solutions proposed and realized hitherto have given rise and
still give rise to various problems and drawbacks which result in the
products currently available on the market being substantially
unsatisfactory.
These problems and drawbacks may be summarised briefly as follows:
1) The cavity of the Venetian glass chamber must be sealed in a
leaktight manner to ensure the desired thermal and acoustic insulation;
this means that operation of the slats must be performed externally
without this allowing the entry of air and in particular moisture which
the latter inevitably contains.
For this purpose, magnetic-type operating systems have been proposed in
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the past, but have proved to be imprecise and bulky.
An electric-type operating system, in addition to the not insignificant
size of the drive motor, in turn results in an increased cost which is
often unacceptable compared to the commercial value of the product and in
particular in view of the enormous meterage which must be taken into
account when all of the openings (windows and doors) of a building must
be fitted with Venetian glass chambers.
2) Since even a minimum amount of moisture inside the cavity of the
Venetian glass chamber results in rapid misting-up, with a clearly
detrimental effect on the visibility which is an obvious necessity for a
glass surface, a supply of salts or other substances must be provided
inside the cavity in order to absorb any traces of moisture both
immediately following installation and afterwards for the entire working
life of the window.
3) The Venetian glass chambers proposed and realized hitherto have
involved the use of delimiting glass panes which are very thin, but which
nevertheless still exceed the maximum dimensions of conventional
fixtures, with the result that Venetian glass chambers cannot be used for
windows with panes which are very thick or also reinforced or
impact-proof.
The main aim of the present invention is to provide a Venetian glass
chamber provided with a Venetian blind accommodated inside the associated
cavity, which does not give rise to the problems and drawbacks briefly
mentioned above and in particular enables cavities with a width of 20-22
mm to be achieved, with the delimiting glass panes having a thickness of
the order of 4-5 mm, so that the Venetian glass chamber is compatible
with all of the window and door frames which are conventionally used, and
in which operation of the blind is performed mechanically from the
outside without the possibility of infiltration of air and atmospheric
moisture and with an operating life which is very long, even if not of
the same order as that of conventional window and door frames, and in
which furthermore the mechanism for operating the Venetian blind
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contained inside the Venetian glass chamber can be replaced easily at
very low cost.
These and other aims are achieved with the Venetian glass chamber
according to the present invention, of the type comprising two parallel
and spaced panes forming a cavity accommodating internally a controllable
Venetian-blind screening device, the slats of which are operated so as to
rotate about a horizontal axis between a first end position where they
lie horizontally and a second end position where the slats are arranged
in a near-vertical position with their adjacent edges substantially in
mutual contact, said slats being operated by means of at least two pairs
of vertical cables, the two cables of each pair being connected by
bridges oriented transversely with respect to the longitudinal axis of
each slat which therefore rests on the corresponding adjacent underlying
bridge of each pair of cables, characterized in that said cavity is
bounded perimetrally by a profiled element made of light material forming
a perimetral channel, said perimetral channel being used on three sides -
two of which are the horizontal upper and lower ones - of the installed
window, for accommodating components for mechanical and manual operation
of the slats between the two said end positions, while the fourth side is
at least partially intended to form a recess communicating with said
cavity and intended to contain drying substances, said mechanical and
manual operating components comprising a control mechanism mounted on
said third vertical side and communicating in an airtight manner with
means for operation from the outside, two movement transmissions
extending on either side of said control device along said third side and
along said two horizontal upper and lower sides which are kinematically
connected to at least two pairs of spools on each horizontal side, each
spool comprising two half-spools mounted rotatably about a horizontal
axis independently of one another, said kinematic connection comprising
coupling means with an escapement mechanism, each spool forming a
double-groove pulley inside which the ends of each pair of cables pass
and are anchored, such that operation of said control mechanism causes,
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via said transmissions and said kinematic connection, the controlled
rotation of one of the two half-spools of each spool, in such a way that
a first cable of each pair is pulled vertically in either direction
depending on the direction of rotation of the driving half-spool, while
the other cable of the same pair is pulled vertically in the opposite
direction.
In the preferred embodiment of the Venetian glass chamber according to
the present invention, the external mechanical or manual operating
mechanism transmits the movement to the two transmissions via a chamber
filled with a fluid, in particular silicone oil, which prevents any
infiltration of air into the cavity and hence any penetration of external
moisture.
Furthermore, the use of the spools which operate the pairs of cables at
the two ends enables the effect to be distributed over both the upper
slats and lower slats, thus avoiding the drawback, much cited in
conventional solutions, where the bottom slats are rotated to a lesser
extent, to the detriment of the screening quality.
The particular advantages of the present invention will appear more
clearly from the detailed description which follows, with reference to
the accompanying drawings illustrating an embodiment by way of a
non-limiting example, in which:
Fig. 1 is a side elevation viewS in schematic form for illustrative
reasons, of the Venetian glass chamber according to the present
invention;
Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1, showing in exploded form the
individual components forming part of the Venetian glass chamber
according to Fig. l;
Flg. 3 is an axial cross-section of the group for operating the Venetian
blind contained inside the cavity of the Venetian glass chamber;
Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 are cross-sectional views along the planes IV-IV,
V-V, VI-VI, VII-VII and VIII-YIII of Fig. 3;
F1gs. 9 and 10 are side and front views, respectively, in the direction
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of the arrow IX shown in Fig. 9, of the protective casing for the angular
movement transmission;
Figs. 11, 12, 13 and 14 are views of a coupling for the movement
transmission shafts in the open condition (Figs. 11 and 13) and closed
condition (Figs. 12 and 14), respectively;
Fig. 15 is a partial cross-section, along the plane XV-XV of Fig. 1, of
the assembly for displacing the slats of the Venetian blind between the
two end operating positions;
Figs. 16, 17 and 18 are side and end elevation views, respectively, in
the direction of the arrows XVII and XVIII, of the spool operating the
cords or cables for the slatsi
Fig. 19 is a side view of an intermediate element for coupling movement
transmission shafts and spoolsi
Figs. 20, 21 and 22 are side and end views, in the directions indicated
by the arrows XXI and XXII of Fig. 20, of one of the two components of
the spool shown in Fig. 16i ;~
Fig. 23 is a cross-section along the plane XXIII-XXIII of Fig. 21;
Figs. 24 and 25 are front side and bottom plan views of the angular
bracket shown in the following Fig. 26i
Fig. 26 is a side view of the angular bracket connecting the horizontal -
sides of the perimetral channel containing the components operating the
Venetian blind and the remaining vertical side intended to contain the
drying salts or substancesi
Figs. 27 and 28 are- schematic views, in vertical cross-section, of the
assembled Venetian glass chamber in two operating conditions, i.e. with
the slats of the Venetian blind open and in the partially screened
position; and
Figs. 29, 30 and 31 are side elevation and end views, respectively, in
the directions XXX and XXXI, of the angular transmission shown in Fig.
29.
With reference now to the drawings and in particular Figs. 1 and 2, Fig.
1 shows the Venetian glass chamber V, while, for the sake of clarity of
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the drawing, the window or door frame in which it is seated is not shown.
In the Venetian glass chamber according to the present invention it is
possible to distinguish two parallel and spaced glass panes (shown in
Figs. 4 to 8), indicated generally by the reference numbers 30a and 30b,
which define a cavity 32 accommodating the slats 34 which, in Fig. 1, are
shown in the horizontally lying position where they allow the maximum
amount of light to pass through the glass surfaces 30a and 30b and hence
from one environment to the other separated by the Venetian glass chamber
V.
The slats 34 are of the conventional type, i.e. slightly curved and
convex with respect to a horizontal axis, and therefore a detailed
description thereof is not necessary.
A conventional method is used for operation of the slats~ consisting in
resting, without any other constraint, the slats on transverse bridges
connecting two or more pairs of vertical and parallel cables mounted on
the outside of the ends of the slats, the cables being made of plastic
(for example nylon) so that relative vertical sliding of the two cables
of each pair with respect to each other causes rotation of each
connecting bridge and, in view of the abutting engagement with the
overlying slat, the latter is forced to rotate at a predetermined angle
which, to achieve the maximum screening effect possible, must be about 9O
degrees.
From Fig. 1 it can also be understood, as will be explained in greater
detail below, that all the perimetral edges of the Venetian glass chamber
have accommodated along them the components for operating the slats 34,
of which components a device, generally denoted by the reference number
36, and a perimetral channel which extends along the entire perimeter of
the cavity 32 can be seen. This perimetral channel has a first type of
profiled member 42 (with the cross-section visible in the section of Fig.
4 and at the right-hand end of Fig~ 26) which extends along the two
horizontal sides 38a and 38b of the Venetian glass chamber and along the
right-hand vertical side 40a, while the second type of profiled member 44
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(visible at the bottom end of Fig. 26) extends along the entire left-hand
vertical side 40b of the Venetian glass chamber with a function totally
different from that of the profi1ed member 42.
More specifically the profiled member or channel 42 has the function of
housing all the members for operating the slats 34 between their end
operating positions, while the channel 44 acts as a container and store
for the substances (normally adsorbent salts) intended to absorb the
moisture initially present in the cavity of the Venetian glass chamber
and that which subsequently may penetrate into the cavity.
With reference now to Fig. 2, but obviously still with reference to Fig.
1, the components of the slat operating mechanism comprise the already
mentioned device 36, a pair of shafts with a polygonal (for example
hexagonal) cross-section 4~ and 48 which extend from the two ends of the
device 36 and are made to rotate in opposite directions in the manner
described below.
The reference numbers 50 indicate couplings for joining the shafts 46 and
48 to the respective ends of the device 36, while the reference numbers
52 indicate supports for the shafts comprising internal ball bearings
keyed onto the shafts in order to prevent possible jamming of the shafts
as a result of slight bending due to operating stresses of the device 36.
As can be seen in Fig. 4, the channel 42 comprises a rounded cover 54 and
an-H shaped base 56, the top ends of which are suitably curved inwards so
~as to be inserted into corresponding incisions formed in the bottom ends
of the cover 54 so as to avoid stepped or continuous arrangements in the
external surface of the channel and hence eliminate areas which are
difficult to seal during installation and finishing of the window or door
frames. In particular, in Fig. 4, it can be seen that the two bottom
legs of the H-shape of the base 56 are located at a distance so as to be
sealingly positioned between two glass panes 30a and 30b, to which they
are fixed by means of a suitable sealant applied beforehand to the
external surfaces of the said bottom legs.
In the region of the corners formed between the vertical side 40a and the
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horizontal sides 38a and 38b there are provided angular transmissions
indicated by the reference number 58, which will be described in detail
below and which are equipped with a suitably shaped right-angled hood or
cover having ends which are designed to engage with the profiled member
or channel 42 to ensure sealing of the ~avity 32 of the Venetian glass
chamber V.
The transmissions 58 are designed to transmit rotation of the shafts 46
and 48 to corresponding horizontal shafts 62 and 64 mounted in the region
of the horizontal sides 38a and 38b, respectively.
Each shaft 62 and 64 has associated with it two or more operating spools,
denoted generally by the reference number 66, which will be described in
more detail below and whose number depends on the width of the Venetian
glass chamber and hence on the longitudinal extension of the slats 34; it
is obvious that the greater the length or extension of the slats, the
greater the number of spools 66 must be in order to ensure balanced
operation o~ the slats and prevent the latter from becoming curved and no
longer assuming the desired position.
Preferably, in order to prevent the slats leaving the mutually parallel
position, a vertical cable 45 is provided, said cable passing through a
hole formed in each slat and being positioned in the region of the
vertical channel 44 so as to remain concealed over its entire dimensions,
this cable being fixed at its top end to the angular profiled member 70,
described below, while its bottom end is anchored to a necked tightening
element, also referred to by the nautical term "sheet tightener".
In this case also ball bearing supports 52 and 68 are provided, the
latter being of the simpler type, whereas the bearings denoted by the
reference number 52, have a lateral lug for locking with respect to the
base 5~ of the channel or profiled housing member 42.
In the region of the corners formed between the horizontal sides 38a and
38b and the vertical side 40b there are provided angular members 70
shaped so that the ends 72 directed towards the horizontal sides 38a and
38b are coupled in a sealed manner with the H-shaped bases of the
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channels 42, while the ends 74 directed towards the vertical side 40b
form a sealed connection with the channel 44.
The latter, as can be clearly seen in Fig. 26, is shaped as a single
piece, albeit closely resembling the channel 42, except for the external
curvature and the presence in the bottom side 76 of at least one
continuous slit 78 which allows free communication between the internal
recess of the channel 44 and the cavity 32 bounded between the two glass
surfaces 30a and 30b. Obviously, in place of the said slit, other
arrangements may be provided, which allow free communication between the
adsorbent salts contained inside the recess of the channel 44 and the
cavity 32.
As already mentioned, when the Venetian glass chamber is assembled, the
adsorbent substances which ensure the total absence of moisture, or any
traces thereof, inside the cavity are loaded inside the channel 44. If
one takes account of the usual dimensions of window or door frames and
hence the length of the side 40b, it can be easily understood that the
channel 44 is able to contain a sufficient amount of adsorbent substance
to ensure the desired function.
If we now consider Figures 3 to 8, these show the operating device 36
which comprises a housing or box, the interior of which is divided into
three chambers indicated by the reference numbers 82, 84a and 84b,
respectively, the latter two chambers being identical and symmetrical,
while the central chamber 82 is normally filled in a sealed manner with a
fluid, in particular silicone oil, which ensures that operation from the
outside of the parts accommodated inside this chamber cannot cause
infiltration of atmospheric air inside the cavity 32, with the obvious
problems and drawbacks which this may give rise to.
The chamber 82 accommodates internally two pinions 86a and 86b, the
toothing of which meshes with the toothing of a pinion 88 mounted on a
horizontal shaft 90, the opposite end of which is situated inside a
lateral cavity 92 accommodating the gearing 94 from which there projects
outside the housing 80 the hexagonal rod 95, on the free end of which an
ll -2~06s3s
operating pommel is fitted.
The two pinions 86a and 86b are mounted on the ends of two stems or
shafts 96a and 96b which extend through the chambers 84a and 84b with
suitable sealing components to prevent the oil which fills the chamber 82
from flowing into the adjacent chambers.. For this purpose, seats 98 for
suitable seals allowing free rotation of the said shafts are formed in
the width of the walls which divide the chambers.
The said shafts protrude from the respective chambers 84a and 84b and are
protected externally by shaped metal tubes, lOOa and lOOb, respectively,
which are coupled with the corresponding portion of the rounded cover 54
of the channel 42 (as shown in Fig. 5) and the external ends 102a and
102b of which, as can be seen in Fig. 4, are shaped so as to ensure a
leakproof seal with respect to the walls of the channel A2.
The shafts 96a and 96b terminate, respectively, on the outside of the
tubes lOOa and lOOb in a portion 104a and 104b with a polygonal (in
particular hexagonal) cross-section, to which the free end of the shaft
or polygonal rod 46 and 48, respectively, is connected in the manner
described below.
Since the length of the shaft 46 and 48 varies according to the height of
the Venetian glass chamber, namely the length of the vertical side 40a, a
coupling 50, shown in detail in Fi~ures 11 to 14, is provided downstream
of the end portions 104a and 104b, said coupling comprising two
cylindrical half-shells 106a and 106b, joined at a generatrix by a
flexible strip 108 which allows rotation thereof about the said
generatrix.
Axial recesses llOa and llOb, 112a and 112b, are formed in the two
half-shells, being aligned axially, but separated by a dividing wall 114,
so that, when the two half-shells are closed to form the cylindrical body
shown from one end in Fig. 14, the abovementioned axial recesses define
two blind-bottomed holes with a polygonal cross-section, inside which the
ends of the respective shafts 46 (48) are accommodated, rotation of the
portion 104a (104b) causing rotation of the coupling 50 and of the
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corresponding shaft 46 (48) therewith.
A snap-engagement pin connection 116 and hole 118 ensure closure of the
two half-shells 106a and 106b.
In the remainder of this description, reference will be made to the shaft
46 alone and hence to the upper part of the vert;cal side 40a as well as
to the horizontal side 38a, it being understood that the same remarks are
also applicable to the shaft 48, except that rotation thereof occurs in
the opposite direction to that of the shaft 46.
The upper end of the polygonal rod or shaft 46 engages inside a blind
hole formed in the bottom end of a stem 120, mounted on an angular
bracket 122 by means of supports provided with suitable ball bearings
which allow free rotation of the stem 120 when it is made to rotate by
rotation of the shaft 46. The end of the stem 120 is provided with a
pinion 126 having toothing inclined at 45 degrees so as to be constantly
meshed with a corresponding pinion 128 integral with the end of a stem
130 also supported by the angular bracket 122 so as to be able to rotate
freely about its axis owing to the bearing supports 124.
The free end of the stem 130 has formed in it a blind-bottomed hole
inside which the end of the polygonal shaft 62 engages, thus being
rotated each time the vertical shaft 46 rotates.
Figures 9 and 10 show the hood 60 which also has a right-angled profile
and which forms the continuation of the cover portion of the channel 42
in the region of the angular transmission 58, thus also ensuring at the
same time a leakproof seal for-the cavity 32.
If we now consider Figures 15 to 23, these show one of the spool
operating assemblies 66 which each comprise two identical and opposing
half-spools 132a and 132b.
Each spool 66 is mounted on the shaft 62 by means of a sleeve 134 having
at its two ends toothing 136 and 138 with teeth which are inclined
relative to the radial direction, the inclination of the teeth of the
toothing 136 being opposite to that of the toothing 138, said inclination
being considered with respect to the radial direction.
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In the central position the sleeve 134 ha~ 9a~ ~lar projections 140,
142a and 142b, the latter two being symmetrical with respect to the
transverse plane passing through the annular projection 140 (ideally
speaking).
Each half-spool 132 is mounted on the sleeve 134 and comprises a main
cylindrical body 144 terminating at one end in a pulley groove 146
bounded externally by a slightly concave disc 148. At the opposite end
the cylindrical body 144 has two substantially radial fork-shaped arms
150 and 152, the radially internal ends of which are shaped like teeth
shaped and inclined so as to engage releasably (via an escapement
mechanism) with the abovementioned toothing formed at the ends of the
sleeve 134.
For this purpose the teeth 154 project adequately and in the radial
direction inside the axial hole 156 which passes through the entire
cylindrical body 144.
Coupling of the two half-spools 144 on the sleeve 134 is effected in the
manner shown in Fig. 16, namely so that the internal groove 158 formed in
the wall of the through-hole 156 is coupled with the corresponding
projection 142, while the concave parts of the disc 148 enclose the -
central projection 140.
From Fig. 16 it can be clearly seen that in this way each spool 66 has a
double pulley groove accommodating the two cables 160a and 160b which
form the combined cable assembly for operating the slats 34.
Finally, Figs. 24, 25 and 26 clearly show the configuration of the
argular piece 70-with the function described above.
In particular it can be seen that the angular piece 70 is provided with
end projections 162 and 164 which are respectively coupled, by means of
insertion, with the end of the channel 42 terminating in the vicinity of
the corresponding end of the vertical side 40b and with the adjacent end
of the channel 44, this ensuring the necessary hermetic seal for the
cavity 32.
As already mentioned above, a particular characteristic feature of the
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Venetian glass chamber according to the present invention consists in the
fact that the movement of the slats is effected by means of two or more
spools 66 arranged both above and below the set of slats, so that it is
more precise and controlled and in particular so that the slats located
towards the bottom of the Venetian glass chamber are also rotated
efficiently in either direction, whereas, in the assemblies according to
the prior art, comprising solely a box-type housing arranged at the top
of the Venetian glass chamber, operation of the lower slats is always
imprecise and often partial, in particular to the detriment of the
screening action of the Venetian glass chamber.
Another aspect attributable to this arrangement is that it is possible,
according to the present invention, to reduce the dimensions of the
operating components of the Venetian blind such that the latter can be
positioned in a lateral housing, i.e. the channel 42, which does not
encroach upon the adjacent glass part of the Venetian glass chamber, as
is the case in the Venetian glass chambers known hitherto, and which has
a width within the limits of conventional window and door frames, i.e.
approximately 20 mm, whereas in the Venetian glass chambers known
hitherto the cavity usually has a width of the order of 35 to 40 mm,
together with the abovementioned drawbacks and problems.
As regards the mode of operation of the device 36 for operating the
slats, it must be pointed out first of all that it permits not only total
closure of the Venetian blind, by an amount as much as 97%, and total
opening of the blind, but also positioning of the slats in intermediate
inclined positions since it is also possible to rotate the slats only
partially.
Operation of the handle or pommel connected to the gearing 94 causes, via
the shaft 90 and the pinion 88, rotation of the two pinions 86a and 86b
and also the corresponding stems or spindles 96a and 96b in opposite
directions.
The rotational movement of the latter is transmitted to the couplings 50
and hence to the shafts 46 and 48 which, via the angular transmissions 58
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and the shafts 64 and 66, cause rotation of the spools 66.
Depending on the direction of rotation, one of the two half-spools 144
will be placed in active rotation, subjecting the cable 160a or 160b
adjacent thereto to a pulling force, while the other half-spool releases
the cable adjacent thereto. A similar situation occurs for the
corresponding spool situated at the bottom end of the said pair of
cables, except that in this case the half-spool aligned with that driven
in the top part is active, so that it exerts a downward pulling force on
the cable released by the upper half-spool, while the other bottom
half-spool merely releases the cable which is instead pulled upwards by
the active half-spool at the top.
The outcome is that the two cables 160a and 160b are displaced with
respect to each other in the vertical direction, such that the slats are
operated in the corresponding direction of rotation as far as the
inclined position determined, as already mentioned, by the degree of
rotation of the control handle.
The above description clearly illustrates the main feature of the present
invention, namely the creation of a Venetian glass chamber containing a
Venetian blind, the slats of which are operated by means of a device
which is only partly mechanical, consisting of mouldable components made
mainly of plastic and provided with the necessary applicational
flexibility such that they can be used in all types and sizes of door and
window frames.
Of particular importance is the fact that, with the present invention, it
is possible to keep the width of the cavity within the limits of the
seats for the windows of conventional frames, thus making special designs
unnecessary and at the same time enabling the Venetian glass chamber to
be used in the case of reinforced or impact-proof glass windows.
The invention has been described with respect to a preferred embodiment,
it being understood that conceptually and mechanically equivalent
variations and modifications are possible and may be envisaged without
departing from the scope of the said invention.
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This applies, for example, both to the control mechanism and to the
angular transmissions for which mechanically similar solutions are
possible, the basic principle still being that of arranging between the
external control handle and the perimetral shafts transmitting the
rotational movement a chamber filled with a fluid which forms a perfect
seal preventing the infiltration of external air and moisture contained
therein into the cavity of the Venetian glass chamber.
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