Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
-1- 210~8~0
5p-clf ~c~ .ion
U~ '
~he ~n~r~tlor~ r~1ste~ t~ a ~el s~lYtUXC~ a ~rocc6~s for
i~ pr~t6l~ an~ v u~: o~ th~ S~el ~1xtur~ for
dle~el ~ 5 a~d ~ ~Ra~ oi1.
Cor~Y~ntiorfaï 1~ ~Uid fURl~ ~o~ i~tr al c~uCtion
in ~ nc~nt o~ turo- o~ hydrocaL~ ons and ar~
~Ln1y ob~ined ~rom ~lner~l oiJ.. In vie~ ~:R' t~e
ed c~dQ il r¢~ourco~ and t~ pria~ ùe~lopmont
~n erudc oi,1, the~e i~ n~d ror ~uels in wrlicn ~c~e
~a~ e ~y~ccarbons at_lees~ p~:rtly rQplao~d b~ r~
~1:i~ z~ ngain, ~uc~ ;a~',y o;l;, 0;
an~al or v~et~le origin, Due to a drastie rnduction
of t3~ por~ion o~ thG ~ ologic~lly not d~c~mpori~ble . ~:
hy~-oc~r~on~ s15X ~r enYlran~ental p~l lution
cona~o~l~d ~ith a po~ei~le ~ klng out of ~ ls
~d~r~bly redu~ed. -
~ .
~S ~ ~k~m ~Y O~-PS 116 4sa atte3ptS havs ~lrt~y b~en
D~d~ ~lnc~ the b~inning ~f t~i~ century 'Ca r~place ~ ~
nydroc:al~ i.n Sual~ lc~holo ~ free f~tty ~cids ~:
o~ in~ ~ got~bl~f oils ser~r ~ ng as Dtlxinc~ int-r-
~ ~1 ~c,
~ue7 ~c~ 6 ~or inte~ co~bu~tion eng~srles ~,rith -- :.
uret~t~r ii~e del;cr~ a in DIE-OS 24 ~ 737, which
~ore~t o~ ~ hyd~s~.Q~ mlxtu~e tres~ular qasolin- or
pr~miu~ ~r4de ga~oiiAe~ and ~ ~nixture of~ an ~lcoh~
with ~ ~.n 4 C-atom~ ar.d uatcr ~ po~ bly o.1 tc~ z~ ~y
~o~ght o~ a ~ ta~ nich al~o serve9 a~; a ~lxiny
iAte~di~
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210984~
DJ;-PS 11 49 170 an~ 31 S0 g88 descs~e di~o~l ~uels, in
w~ich up 'co ~0~ o~ h~d~ocarbon~ ara r~pl~c~d ~y
allcyl ~tty .acid er-~;e~ e~tablc 2ilc and ~rhleh
alsc~ o~n'c3in ~laohol~ i~ up to ~iVe c,3rbon ~l.omsl. `,
~lo~o~ er, i~ ~Y ~a~r~ l here to ~ot.ple~oiy cov~r~ tne
o$1s obta~ned rrom p3.ant~ to alkyl fatty ~cia
elstOEs, in ptl-~clcul~r ae~hyl ~tty ~cid ~t~r.~, wr~i~h
D~ans, on t~4 On~ hasl~, a hl~ exPendlture~ on th~
oth~r han~ lu~ o~ s~lyc~ine ~l~iah is -~
~icul'c to util~ze. ~he ~Iyd~cA~o~ ~nixtur-3 o~ Dl~-PS ::
31 ~9 170 i~ ~ cl~ical ga~ oil, i.. e. a ~e~roleum -
f~aetlcn. ~he diesel ruel ~xtu~e5 o-t DE-P8 ~ ~ So ~8~
- m~y po~ly eont~lr 0.1 to ;% Sy wei~h~ of an i~nition
aac~le~a~;or
:iaid dl~ uels whlo~ ~o u~:4d in asri.^~lt~ra ~
tractor~ YQ ~-.loud Dolnts ~C~ e no~ ~elo r ~ C,
due to wh~c~ 'chey ~n snly ~e used to a very l~tc:d
flegr~ ~n ~nnter.
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A.tte81~s h~e hls2 alrea~y b~n ~o te ~a~e non-re~
~i~ d ~gP~t~bLe oils ~uerl a~ ~ps oi~ S'uels ln
in~rnal ~olsl5u~ti.s*~ c~l~-6, .
~6-P5 4359324 d~elo-~ a ~.iesel ~uel con~lgting of
~o ~S~ Or ~ ~utyl ~lcohol ~n~l 75 to 25~ o~ a v~g~t;~bl~
o~l. US-P-~ ~557734 di~clos~s ~ d~,e~el fu~l con~i~t~ng o~
~ 1e oil, ~c~b~nol or oet~2.nol an~ ~ sCra~gnt Cl-ain
oc~o~, US~PS 4509953 ~ w~.o~ieo 2~ di~c~l f~
oondctinq of 70 to 90 Vo;L~, sras oil or h-~vy oil
r~spec,iiwly~ 10 to 30 ~Vol~ rthanol and up to 3D t~01~ .- :
gatoline- ~
Xa~re~ , erle use o~ these ~uo~ ay~: r-qulr-d
n~iv- mc~llticatlon me~U~es ~rith rospect to ~he : .:
en9~ne~ opcr;~tcd wL'ch th i. DI~R, to thc~e ~c4ts ~he
en~ral ps~udla~ w~ co~bor~ccd 'c~t it is l~npo~ib~
'co op~rate engines irlt~nded ~o~ operation ~i~ch mine~31
~ue~S ~ h ~uels ha~lng a high ~harR of f att.y olls ; ~ ,~
u~t~out mD~ fi~ti~n ~e~ure~
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~ 2109840
~t ~g th~ ob~ o~ p~e~ inY~ n to p~c~v~de
fu~l mlxture ln ~rhleh ratty o~l~ can bQ U9e~ ac ra~
~a~riall6, ttlSiah ~ro~ again~ ch ha6 an l~pro~rcd cloud
Floin'C, ~ la~g~ly blolz~lca~y ce~o~po~Lable and c~l be
SI A ~ ~es o f dl~sQl ~ ,ne~
w~tnou~ arly ;llo~rlcat~on mêasures, ~oreov~, lt shoul~
'b~ at lca~t c~u$vala~t ~o m~nc~l d~ uol~i as
~eg~e ~nln~ pe~So~ance and t~ aYoid ~ecr pheno-
,~,n~ .
A~cDrd~ o the present ln~en~ion th~s ob~ecc is
a~ne~ by 4 ~uol ~ctt~r~, wh~* eon~a~ns
. .
- 8; ~t l~a¢t on~ V~t~bl~ andJor ani~nal o~
.
~) At. I P~t ~ne aliphatlc alCohol havin~J 1 to ~ c-a~oms
and : .
c~ gaaoline.
Yor~over~ a proc~s for produci~ thls f~el mlxture is
p~:o~ , ~hlch 1~ e'cari~ed ~n that ;~t lea3t
n~ v~get~bl~ ~ndlos~ .~n~ l oil, At least one al ipha~ic
~locohol h~-~ing 1 to 5 C~ a lln~ ga~olin~ A~ mixed. - : :
S~id f~cl m~u~o ~s pr~ rably uoe~ ;!15 f~lel fo~ die~el
es or a~ heatln~ oll.
rx~ple~ a2 the ~'egctable ndJor anl~l o$1~ uo-d 3a ~ :
a~mponan~ ~) in ~ne ruel ~lx~ accordlng ~o t~c
inYen~ n are rape oil ~ ~oybc~n oil, cotton oil,
~nt~o~er oll, c~sto~ oil, olive oil, pe~nUt oil, ~ n
oll, a~ond oil. F~ln ~c~el oll, cnconuS oll, ~ust2l.r
~Ll ~n~ SisJ olls. R~p~ oil ~?hlc2~ is a ~l~c~e c~f, f ~.tty ~:~cidfi partly esteri~$~d with ~lycerins ls used wl~n
pre~e~cncQ a~ oo~ponent ~), eir~co a large ~uasltlty
lL i~ vr~,il~J ~ an~l lt can 1~ o~tain~d. in ~ilmp~,y -~
~açhlon frtsm rspe 6~ds ~y mQan6 oS ~r~!~cin~. T;tle used
rap6 c~. ca~ bo ~ix~d lnto t~e ~uel 211ix~ aaaordi~g
the ~wenti~n bot~l c~udely p~essed and deguDmed ~nd -~
21098~0
~4~ -:
a~ a ~fi~ A ~onverslon ~o al~cyl Qsto~ a i~ ~4 ~ ;
requ~d isl DE-PS 31 ~9 1~o ~nd ~ o ~ not
necea~ary, D~e tD ~le ~i6s~n of this3 proc~ 5tGp i.
bQCo~06 pce611~ c~ Xet d~e~el fuels whicha~
b$ol~ ~ally dec~posal~le eo ~L çrreat ox~ent dir~ctly
fram ~ ltural produe~lor~ wlthou~'c t~Q~e bc~ l~g - .
fu~ er ~gy casts an~ ~ras~e ma~er~ als suc:h as
glyoox~!. ~e wcigh~ eh31ro of the oo~ponent .~ .in the
fuel mi;xt~e /~cco~d~ ng t~ tlle lnventlon l~i ~ultably
to 8-8% by voluD~e, ii 19 ere~e~a~ly bQ~wQ~n 65 and a5
~ YO~ nd p~rtlcul~rly prcf~r~ed l;,.3tw~:n 70 ~nci 80
by vo~e. :
' lio~h t~ ht-ch~in ~nd b~an~d alcohDls w~ D
~-ato~ c~n b~ u~ed ae eO~ponent ~) ~n t~ '81 ~ixtur~
3000rd~n5 to th6 inYention. Mon~al~oh~ CiU~
t~an~1, e~al~o~, ~ropanol, bl2tAnol, p~nt~nol,
iso~o~ru~ obutanol, t~r~f~7utor,01, ~ -me~r~ylbut~nol,
2-n~ct~ylbl~d~lol, 3-me~hylbu~anDl, 1, 1-dl~3et~ylpropanol
,?-~lim~h~lpropanol arQ us~ wi~}~ pr~ .eo, :
i~ollr4~ 01 b~ln~ osp~cl~l~y pr~rr6,~
~ulQrlol c~n al~o be. W~d, vh~ch, l~k- t-h~ u~d oil~
c-n be produl-ed i~ icul.~ l production . ~he weiqht
6~a~ of ~e cbnpon~nt b) ln the ~!u~l ~ixture a~!cord~ng
to th~ irv~ntion 1~ pze~~ly G to 20~ ~y volu~ei it
i~ ~n ga;cticular betwQen 10 arl~ 15~ ~y vt~lUme.
A~y optlon~l g~oL~ne C~n be ~sed ~6 ~a~so1int: ~:wuy~nent
el ls~ U~e ruel ~u~e ~ceordi7~g to th~ in~ ion,
r~ r o~-oI~ne or pr~iu~ad~ qc~coll~e; however, ::~ `
tc~ qaw1ine 13 used ~ tn pre~ere~ce. ~est gasolins ifi i. ~i~
th~ dcssig~ted ~o~ rcf~ncd g~col~o~ oil~ng
point c~ 130 to 22~'C and a . na~h Po~nt asce~xalned
aceor~ to ~bel-PHr~cy of ~ 21C ~cf. n~ 51 632, n
Novo7nSer 19~1, dra~t ~Q~uarr ~ 6~. 'rhe te~t g~solir~
u~ed acGort.~ o t~e i~er~ion C~n ~ . q . have ar~ octane
~at~n~ os 120 to 1~ 0. qhe ~lght shar~ of th~ ~a.~rlin.~
c~o~ c) 1~ prc~cr3~1~f 6 to 20~ ~y ~o~e; ie 1~ ln
p~t~c~læ b~twecn ~0 and 15~ by ~rolu~Q.
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21~984~
~ . --5--
.
C~0~3rs~ a~ tiyes o~n al~ bs added to t~e fuel
D~e ~eeurdlno ~ the ~n~ention. t~ to 1~6 bv vol~lm,~
diQthyl l~thor ~s ~ ~ably added AS l~;ta~t~9- 21it
~or ~c ~per~tion of ~1~1 e~lnaG in ~inter.
uol ~it~re dCO~ to the ~ c~ntlon wl~ich is
~rod~ced ~ aixin~ the CO~pRnen~:~ a), b) an~ c) ~an bQ
used 1.n ~ll dies~l nginH~ ~rl~ou'c a ~peoial ~ets~oSit-
~ins to the new ruel beln~ n-c~o~y. Accor~lingly, th~
~uel mix~-~re ~cco~ to the invent~on can e.g. 3~2~Ye
for opero.t~ng ai~el ~n~lnqs 1~ ca2s, t~ucke, ff.gr~cu~
t~al and ro~R~ ao~n~o, 3tand-by uni~s, p~mps ln~l
.hip6. ~eec cnglnes oar~ ~e oper?~tR(~ alt~rna~Lngly with
the r..e~ re ac~ordis~g ~o t2~e i~vention an custo~-
ary ~i.7-~ral diccel ~uel~, a h~ mobility ~ci~çl ~n
p~tsc~la~ ~d~_ov~C ~'or -zr~ ~d ~
:: -
~O ~ b.;Dl~ ~od a~ oo~,ponent b~ ~n *~e fuel mixtu.reac~;~rd~ ~o ttle ln~,rontion/ -ln pa~t~cular the i~;opro~
panol, cerve ~ ontl-colc~ng ,gent tar pi~ton ring~ ~nd
D . ~b.e ~gol i nQ ~dde~ i!l3 ~dditi~re leads t~
~e c~ 'ica~l~n o~ ix~re and l~de to ar~
~pra~d igmition pe~l~Or~llaJlCQ 0~ ~c2~e 2~el r~.xtu~o, te9t
~ s21irle su~lyi ng tl~ bec~ v~ es A good i~nitio~
per~!o~nc- of tlle f~els me~ arl ad-~antageou~ start1~g
o~ ~n~ a ~o~th r4nn~ o~ ~e ~ cl engine du~
t~ a short mixture prq?~ n cl~e or a ~hort i~ni~ion
del~y; in the c~se o~ a lonc l~nltion d~lay, 'che kno~n
~d1es~1 ~no~ 8 ~Ludi~le.
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u~t qas te~ts arQ aa~1e~ ol,t S;lr t~e f~
~x~ure accDid~ng ~o ~he inYent~on used il~ d~e601
engin~-:, thc ~lues o~t~ d b~th for hy~lso~:~40n~i ~nd l ~ -
ni~ogen oxlde~ an~ for c~bo~ ~on~xide are ~ar b~
~e Yalues r~quix~d by th~ ~e~ 1y ~alid Europ~n
,i: : . . ~ ::
21~8~ ~
~rd for ~i~se~, 6xb.4ustei gace~. ~h~ 6~ h~r dloxide
~e cf t~.e ~ sU~ 6~ S ;logll~ 3~11 25
co~p~re~ e uf~Ya~ cl; o~ o.15~ ln t~Q ~a~c; ol!
custo~lW, ~ne~2. dles~l ~uel~, ~inc~ tSc u~ed co~- :
pone~t~ prac~.oally ro~ ulp~l~r.
,
~rhe ~uel miX~llre accordlng ~o tne invemlon can also bQ
Y~ c lou 'ce~pcratllrc6 ~rithout any probl~ a~ t~zy
occur ln lYlnter a~ta ln el~vatee~ re$~1c~s, buo~ it~
cl~u~ point resche Yaluos l~p to -2~C, 2n~ th~ ~xtus~
doe5 a~co not rlocculate Bt l~we~ t:emper~t~res. ~his
lo~ sl~h~t~ti~lly ~rc~.der ~ppl~cability as -
compare-l ~lth the kno~n di~4el fuel~ on mhc ba::;is o~
le and an~al ~ats.
~ne ~o~owi~ ~xa~pl~s d~d to~t~ ~xplain th~ in~ ~n~ion
P~o~ct;ion examPl~ 1 tw S~
uel mi~urQ~ ~cs~r~ing to the in~remt~ on wer~
~r~uc~ by ~imp~e mix~ng ~` ;` :!.. ,
1 ) ~ by olum~
ll 80 ~-
E~han~l 10 ~ :
gular ~a~oline 10 -
R~p- o~l 7S .
Ioop~op~r~ol 12 . 5 :~
~t ~a6011~e 1~.5
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: ~
. 21 098~ 0 ~
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7 -
sr voiu~e
Sun~ oi~ 73
~aline l~.fi
,
~p~ oil76 :~
P~p- oil74
pr~p~nol 12
~e~nanol7 ~ -
l onqine~ , .,, "~ "
q?he ~uel ~Xt~*a3 acco~dinSI to t.he ~nvent~on wer~ -
t~ted ln d~ esel ~ncrlnes of ~ f~r~nt con~t~ction
dt~n~ no2~el op~ration. ~ uetion vehicles wor~
o~nae~n a rhlch wer~ no~ led ln their eonstrue~
t~on. q~e ~ls~on d}spl~co~nt of t~a tcG'w:d nglnes w~O
~ve~ ~ . 6 1 ond 3, 0 1. All fuels msntione~ the
6 ~i~ to 5) wor¢ u~ed in th- v hicl~
!rhece t~ did not ro8ult ~ any ~unct1s~na~ t.urb~
~nce. ~inat.i ons c~ th ~ Y.6t ~ V21~ f a crlr
JOO ~-turbo ~fter dri~rlng cycl~ r;c~ . 04 s~owed that
the e~in~ion values ~ elo~ t~- ha~nda~y ~alu~s of ; :~
~nQ h~rc~p~n n~andard ~ icl~fl o~ thi~ const~uc~ ; - ~ -
, ~
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2109840
; :
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-8-
2 1 5~0U9 thc ~ t g~a6 VtllU~S ~a~ ained ~or
t~4 ~ Dlx~e aCco~iing ~io th~ ln~ --nt~on ac~tording
tO o~le 2 It~t re~ult~ in she d~ a; cycle ) .
e~tl ~ou~y v~,lu~ ~gf~ EC~ ~ 04
~or ~e~ ~L~u~ ~ .ccor~ylns~ fi~C~
t~ Lnvent1
CO 7.~,Z 3C,OO~C.OO .
8C ~ttl L~ Cl - -
~C ~ 8.UO~Ø00 ~. . ` .~`
Jl Offli C~l~ S ~ . 2 5 6 _ 1 . 10 1 . 3 0
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