Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
--, 2~3.18~6
SURGICAL BTAPLER 11IT8 BPENT CARTRID(i8 BBNSIN(i AND
LOCKOUT lI811N8
This is a divisional of Canadian Patent
Application Serial No. 2,068,581, filed May 13, 1992.
Technical Field
The present invention relates generally to
surgical stapling instruments and more particularly to
the type of surgical stapling instruments used for
applying linear parallel rows of staggered staples
through compressed living tissue.
Bac Around Art
Surgical stapling instruments used for applying
parallel rows of staples through compressed living tissue
are well known in the art, and are commonly used for
closure of tissue or organs prior to transectfon, prior
to resection, or in anastomoses, and for occlusion of
organs fn thoracic and abdominal plasty procedures.
One known pneumo-intestinal surgical stapling
instrument of this type has been in use for many years,
and is currently available under the trade designation
"The-PI Stapler", catalog # 3960 by Minnesota Mining and
Manufacturing Company (3M); St. Paul, Minnesota, the use
of which stapler is described in a publication entitled
Surgical Stapling, Gastric and Small Bowel Procedures,
Volume I", ISBN 0-937433-00-4, Library of Congress
Catalog Number 85-082599 available from Xinnesota Kining
and Manufacturing Company (3M), St. Paul, Minnesota.
That stapler and a sisilar stapler described in
Freund et al. PCT l~pplication No. w0 83/02247, published
July 7, 1983 are adapted !or Tiring staples into
compressed living tissue lroa a staple lill~d cartridge
or housing. The staplers have anvil and jaw portions, a
cartridge holder including a removable cartridge and a
handle lever.
"PI" type staplers have a handle lever, a
generally C-shaped anvil portion having free and
supported ends with an alignment aperture generally
adjacent its Tree end, a cartridge transport member
211186
_ 2 _
adapted to releasably receive a cartridge or staple
housing having an alignment through passage, and an
alignment pin movable between an engaged or alignment
position with the alignment pin extending through the
through passage in the staple housing and into the
alignment aperture in the anvil jaw and a release or
disengaged position with the alignment pin spaced frog
the alignment through passage and alignment aperture to
afford removal and replacement of a spent staple
cartridge.
The anvil and cartridge transport members are
each elongate in a longitudinal direction, and the anvil
portion has specially shaped anvil surfaces situated in
a plane generally perpendicular to the longitudinal
direction. When the alignment pin extends through the
through passage in the staple housing and into the
alignment aperture in the anvil jaw (i.e, when the
alignment pin is in the alignment position), the
specially shaped anvil surfaces are positioned generally
opposite longitudinal slots in the cartridge or staple
housing which contain unfired staples. The cartridge
transport member/cartridge housing is movable between a --
closed or clamping position with the cartridge housing
and the anvil surfaces in closely spaced relationship,
and an open position with the cartridge housing and the
anvil surfaces spaced farther from each other than in the
closed position.
Typically, a "PI" type stapler is positioned
adjacent the tissue to be stapled, the anvil and jaw
portions era approximated adjacent the tissue to be
stapled, the alignment pin is moved to the alignment
position, and the stapler is clamped on the tissue by
moving the handle lever in a first movement to cause the
cartridge holder to sova toward the anvil placing the
cartridge housing in a closed "clamping" position where
the staples say ba fired. Roving the handle lever in a
second aowment "lines" the stapler (e.g. it ejects the
staples from the cartridge).
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In some surgical procedures the clamping force
results in tissue that is highly compressed to ensure,
inter alia, proper hemostasis in the tissues being
stapled. The clamping force is present in various
degrees in each of the surgical procedures for a "PI"
type surgical stapler. Such a clamping force causes
tissue trauma in the tissue to be stapled, at least to
some degree.
Under a great clamping force, a prior art "PI"
type stapler without an engaged alignment pin typically
"scissors" or fails by deflection of the anvil portion
and the cartridge housing laterally relative to one
another (e. g. where the anvil portion deflects laterally
with respect to the longitudinal axis of the stapler
and/or where the cartridge housing deflects in a lateral
direction opposite the deflection direction of the anvil
portion).
Moving the alignment pin to the alignment
position before firing the stapler or before clamping
tissue between the anvil and cartridge housing affords a
more precisely controlled formation of the fired staples
by aligning the specially shaped surfaces on the anvil
portions with the staples in the cartridge housing and by
preventing the cartridge housing and the specially shaped
anvil surfaces from "scissoring". Hoving the aliqnmant
pin to the alignment position also prevents tissue from
escaping from between the anvil and cartridge housing
when the cartridge assembly is clamped on the tissue to
be stapled.
The prior art "PI" type staplers encounter
problems because it is possible to fire the stapler or
clamp tissue between the anvil and cartridge housing
without the alignment pin in the alignment position. It
is believed that it is difficult to determine whsthar the
alignment pins o! the prior art "PI" type staplers era
engaged, particularly in the surgical environment. 711so,
it is possible to inadvertently fail to cove the
alignment pin to the alignment position. If the
alignment pin is not aovad to the alignment position
---. ~~~~~~~
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before clamping tissue between the anvil and cartridge
housing, tissue intended to be stapled may escape from
between the anvil and cartridge housing resulting in
incomplete anastomoses and other undesirable results.
7~dditionally, if the alignment pin is not moved to the
alignment position before the stapler is fired, the
staples may be improperly formed. The prior art
"PI" type staplers also encounter problems because it is
difficult to determine when they are loaded with a
"spent" cartridge or with a cartridge that does not
contain staples. On occasion, a spent cartridge may ba
inadvertently left in a stapler after it has been fired
during a surgical procedure where the stapler is used
several times for the same patient, or a spent cartridge
may be inadvertently loaded into a stapler that is about
to be fired in the patient. If a stapler is loaded with
a cartridge housing other than a ready-to-fire cartridge
housing and the stapler is clamped on tissue to be
stapled, the compressive forces created by the stapler
subject the tissue to undesirable and unnecessary trauma.
The sequence of (1) clamping the stapler with a spent
cartridge on tissue, (2) firing the ~dud" stapler (3)
subsequently rearming, (~) again approximating the
stapler adjacent the tissue to be stapled and (5)
reclamping the stapler wastes precious time during the
surgical procedure.
Additionally, the prior art "PI" type staplers
may ba used in procedures in which the surgeon uses a
scalpel to manually create an incision on a side of
closed staples (e.g, the procedure described in the
article entitled "Resection o! the Lesion" on pages 14
and 15 of the publication entitled Surgical Stapling,
Gastric and Small Bowel Procedures, Volume i", ISHN y ~ .
0-937433-00-4, Library o! Congress Catalog !lumber
85-082599 available from Minnesota Mining and
Manufacturing Company (3M), St. Paul, Kinnesota). 71
spent stapler cartridge used in such procedures may
result in unnecessary blood loss, inadequate hamostasis
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and tissue trauma for the patient undergoing the
procedure.
Surgical stapler cartridge safety devices are
described in U.S. Patents No. 4,863,088 and 4,955,959,
and U.S. Patent Application 07/629,597. The firing
mechanisms in those staplers sequentially close staples
into tissue. Since each staple is closed within tissue
one alter another in succession, the force required to
fire such staplers is generally lass than the force
required to lire a "PI" type stapler where all the
staples are generally closed in tissue at the same time.
Unlike the present invention wherein the same
part (e.g. a lever or "handle") is operable in both a
lust movement to approximate and clamp tissue and a
second movement to close all the staples within tissue
generally simultaneously, the "ILA" type staplers
described in U.S. Patents No. 4,863,088 and 4,955,959,
and U.S. Patent Application 07/629,597 utilize separate
and distinct member to (1) sequentially fire the staples
(e.g, a firing tab or button) and (2) clamp onto the
tissue (an element of the stapler that does not include
the firing tab or button).
U.S. Patent No._4,527,724 to Chow et al. and
assigned to Seamed, Inc., of Cincinnati, Ohio disclose
a surgical stapler similar to the surgical stapler sold
by Ethicon, Inc., of Somarville, N.J. under the trade
name "Proximate". That stapler includes a lockout device
which precludes rotation o! an adjustment knob to clamp
the stapler on tissue unless the alignment and retaining
pin is shilted to its operative position. The lockout
device, however, is only operative until the user slides
the alignment and retaining pin to the operative
position. Once the user slides the alignaent and
retaining pin to the operative position, the lockout
95 device is not designed to be easily reactivated. Thus,
to defeat the lockout device, s user need only slide the
pin to the operative position and then sway frog the
operative position. The stapler has no feature which ~
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retains the pin in the operative position when the
stapler is clamped on tissue.
Disclosure of the Invention ~
The present invention provides a surgical
stapler comprising an anvil frame elongate in a
longitudinal direction and including anvil surfaces in a
plane generally perpendicular to the longitud:~al
direction, surfaces delining an alignment aperture ~
opening onto the anvil surfaces, and a cartridge assembly
movable relative to the anvil frame between an open
position with the cartridge assembly spaced from the
anvil surfaces and a closed position with the cartridge
assembly and the anvil surfaces in closely spaced
relationship. The cartridge assembly comprises a
cartridge housing containing a plurality of staples
disposed in rows positioned in opposition to the anvil
surfaces.
The surgical stapler also includes a
longitudinally extending alignment pin mounted on the
stapler for movement between an alignment position with
the alignment pin extending into the alignment aperture, ~
and a release position with-the alignment pin spaced from
the alignment aperture.
8y including a mechanism for engaging the
cartridge assembly and anvil for continuously preventing
the cartridge assembly from moving from the open to the w .
closed position whenever the alignment pin is in a
position other than the alignment position, and for
preventing the alignment pin from moving from the
alignment position toward the release position when the
cartridge assembly is in the closed position, the present
invention provide a stapler which (1) contributes to the
proper formation o! staples, (2) promotes proper
~S hemostasis in the tissue to be stapled, (3) prevents ,
"scissoring" o! the anvil and cartridge portions o! the
stapler, (4) prevents tissue from ucaping froa between
the anvil and cartridge housing when the cartridge
assembly is clamped on the tissue to be stapled, and (5)
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reduces the likelihood of a weak joint or an absence of
blood flow in the joint and tissue.
The stapler according to the invention includes
a mechanism for firing the stapler by engaging and
closing the staples in tissue between the cartridge
housing and the anvil surfaces, and a means preventing
the cartridge assembly from moving from the open to the
closed position unless the stapler is loaded with a
ready-to-fire cartridge housing. The means for
preventing the cartridge assembly lrom moving from the
open to the closed position (1) prevents approximation
and clamping of living tissue between anvil and cartridge
components of the stapler when the stapler is loaded with
a spent stapler cartridge, (2) prevents the user from
attempting to refire the stapler, and (3) provides a
stapler that reduces the chances of unnecessary tissue
trauma, blood loss, inadequate hemostasis, and squandered
time during surgery.
llccording to a preferred embodiment o! the
stapler of the present invention, there is provided a
stapling instrument comprising an anvil frame having
proximal and distal ends and a pair of lateral side
portions that are each elongate in a longitudinal
direction and spaced to define a channel therebetween.
The anvil frame has a handle portion generally adjacent
the proximal end with first and second ends, and a jaw
portion having anvil surfaces generally adjacent the
distal end. The jaw portion includes surfaces defining
an alignment aperture opening onto the anvil surfaces,
3o and the anvil surfaces are positioned in a plane
generally perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.
An elongate aanually movable handle or lever
part having first and second ends is pivotally mounted at
its second end to alford pivotal movement o! the lever
part relative to the anvil frame between a release
position with the first end of the lever part bsing
spaced from the lirst end o! the handle portion and an
actuation position with the lever part and the handle
portion in closely spaced relationship. 71 biasing means
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(such as a coil spring mounted at one and to the anvil
frame and at the other end to the lever part) biases the
lever part toward the release position. Preferably the
biasing means comprises a coil spring mounted at one and
to the anvil frame and at the other end to the lever
part.
7~ cartridge assembly having proximal and distal
ends is mounted in the channel between the lateral aide
portions for longitudinal movement relative to the anvil
frame. The cartridge assembly comprises a cartridge
transporting member having first and second side portions
that are each elongate in the longitudinal direction and
that are spaced to define a ram channel therebetween.
The first and second side portions have surfaces def fining
a cartridge groove generally adjacent the distal end of
the cartridge assembly.
The cartridge groove surfaces are adapted to
releasably receive a cartridge housing containing a
plurality of staples disposed in rows positioned in
opposition to the anvil surfaces, and pusher means, such
as a pusher, for pressing the staples within the
cartridge housing against the anvil surfaces to engage
and close the staples in tissue between the cartridge
housing and the anvil surfaces. The pusher has a pair o!
edges and is positioned proximate the staples for
movement between pre-fired and fired positions with the
pusher adapted to cove distally relative to the cartridge
housing when the stapler is tired. The cartridge housing
also includes surfaces defining an alignment through .
passage positioned in opposition to the alignment
aperture and whose function will be described later.
a means counts the cartridge assembly !or
longitudinal movement relative to the anvil frame between
a closed position with the cartridge housing and the
anvil surfaces in closely spaced relationship, and an
open position with the cartridge housing and the anvil
surfaces spaced farther from each other than in the
closed position.
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An elongate T-bar or "ram" is mounted in the
ram channel between the first and second side portions
for longitudinal movement relative to the cartridge
transporting member and the anvil frame. The ram is
adapted to engage and drive the pusher distally to fire
the stapler when the cartridge housing the anvil surlacas
are in the closed position.
1~n actuation moans is present to initially move
the cartridge assembly from the open to the closed
position by a first movement of the lever part from the '
release to the actuation position and for subsequently
firing the stapler (i.e, moving the ram distally relative
to the cartridge transporting member to cause the pusher
to eject the staples from the cartridge housing, to press
the staples against the anvil surfaces and to engage and
close the staples in tissues between the cartridge
housing and the anvil jaw portion) by a second movement
of the lever part from the release to the actuation
position. Another biasing means (such as a coil spring
connected between the anvil frame and the ram) biases the
cartridge assembly from the closed to the open position,
That biasing means preferably comprises a coil spring
connected between the anvir frame and the ram.
The actuation aeons preferably comprises a
toggle joint linkage having an over center pivoting
portion and first and second ends with the first end
fixed to the anvil frame and with the second and
connected to the cartridge transporting member. Tha over
canter pivoting portion pralarably has surfaces adapted
to engage the lever part when the lever part is first
moved from the release to the actuation position to nova
the toggle joint liNcag~ lrom a retracted position past
an in-line or centered position with the toggle joint
linkage generally straight, to a slightly inverted
(relative to the ratract~d position) extended position to
drive the cartridge assembly from the open to the closed
positions. The actuation means also preferably include
means for retaining the cartridge assembly in the closed
position against the bias o! the coil spring that biases
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10
the cartridge assembly from the closed to the open
position. Preferably, such a means comprises a stop
flange on the over center pivoting portion o! the toggle
joint linkage that prevents the toggle joint linkage from
moving past the extended position. J~lternatively such a
means may comprise a stop surface located on a handle
cover.
The actuation means also preferably includes
surfaces defining a cam shoulder surface on the ram, and
a pawl having lirst and second ends and a cam surface
generally adjacent the second end of the pawl, and aeans
mounting the pawl on the lever part for movement between
a first position with the cam surface generally spaced
from the cam shoulder surface on the ram and a second
position with the cam surface engaged with the cam
shoulder surface on the ram to afford firing of the
stapler by driving the ram distally relative to the
cartridge transporting member. ~rlso preferably, the
stapler further includes means, such as a torsion spring,
!or biasing the pawl toward the second position, and the
ran has surfaces which are adapted to retain the pawl in
the first position until the cartridge assembly is moved
from the open to the closed position. ...
J~dditionally, the stapler preferably further
includes a release arm having a first end pivotally
mounted to the proximal end of the anvil frame and a
second engagement end. The release arm has surfaces
adapted to engage the pawl and the toggle joint linkage "":,,
to cove the pawl frog the second to the first position
30. and to cove the toggle joint linkage from the extended
toward the retracted position to afford movement o! the
cartridge asseably from the closed to the open position
under the bias of the means !or biasing the cartridge
assembly from the closed to the open position (e.g, the
coil spring).
The stapler according to the present invention
also includes a means for sensing whether the stapler is
loaded with a fired cartridge housing and for preventing
2~~.18~6
- 11 -
the stapler from being closed or fired when loaded with
the fired cartridge.
In a first embodiment of a stapler according to
the present invention, the means for preventing the
cartridge assembly from moving from the open to the
closed position when the stapler is loaded with a spent
cartridge housing comprises the anvil frame having
surfaces defining a safety aperture opening into the
surface o! the anvil frame and having a bottom surface,
1o and a locking pin having first and second ends. The
locking pin is mounted within the safety aperture for
movement between a free travel position with the first
and of the locking pin abutting an edge of the pusher to
afford a single, reciprocating aovement of the cartridge
assembly between the open and closed positions, and a
blocking position with the first end of the locking pin
projecting beyond the safety aperture and into the path
of the ram to prevent subsequent aovement of the
cartridge assembly from the open to the closed position.
A biasing means biases the locking pin toward the
blocking position. That biasing aeana preferably
comprises a coil spring having a first end connected to
the second and of the locking pin and a second end
connected to the bottom surface of the safety aperture.
Zn a second embodiment of stapler according to
the present invention, the stapler includes a different
scans for preventing the cartridge assembly frog aoving
from the open to the closed position when the stapler is
loaded with a cartridge housing with the pusher in a
fired position comprising a locking notch in the
cartridge transport aeaber of the cartridge assembly such
that the locking pin engages with the surfaces of the
locking notch to prevent aoveaent of the cartridge
assembly lrom the open to the closed position when the
locking pin is in the blocking position. =n the second
embodiment, the locking pin engages the locking notch to
prevent movement of the cartridge assembly rather than
simply acting as an obstacle to the ram.
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z~~l~~~
_ 12 _
In a third embodiment of stapler according to
the present invention, the locking notch and/or the
locking pin have sloped or tamped caroming surlaces to cam
the locking pin toward the free travel position when the
cartridge assembly initially moves from the open to the
closed position.
The three embodiments mentioned above may also
include a safety guide member. The safety guide member
comprises (1) a sleeve slidably counted on the anvil
frame for longitudinal movement relative thereto and
having proximal and distal ends, (2j a longitudinally
extending alignment pin mounted on the distal end of the
sleeve for movement between an alignment position with
the pin passing through the cartridge housing alignment y
through passage and extending into the alignment aperture
and a release position with the alignment pin spaced lrom .
the alignment through passage and the alignment aperture,
and (3) means for preventing the cartridge assembly from w
moving from the open to the closed positions unless the
alignment pin is in the alignment position, -and for
preventing the alignment pin from moving from the
alignment position toward the release position when the
cartridge assembly is in the closed position.
The means for preventing the cartridge assembly
from moving from the open to the closed positions unless
the alignment pin is in the alignment position, and for
preventing the alignment pin from moving from the
alignment position toward the release position when the
cartridge assembly is in the closed position preferably
comprises surfaces defining a safety notch in the anvil
!tame, cartridge transport member and ram, and a salety
gate having cam shoulder surfaces and surfaces dalining
w hole. The surfaces defining a safety notch in the
anvil frame, cartridge transport aember and ray are
aligned when the cartridge assembly is in !ha open
position to define a continuous salety notch extending
laterally across the stapler and era staggered when the
cartridge assembly is in the closed position.
?~1~8~6
13
The safety gate is mounted adjacent the anvil
frame for relative movement thereto between a latched
position with the safety gate engaged with the surfaces
defining the continuous safety notch to prevent relative
movement between the cartridge assembly and the anvil
frame, and an unlatched position with the safety gate
spaced from the safety notches to afford relative
movement of the cartridge assembly and the anvil frame
between the open and closed positions.
The safety guide member includes safety gate
deactivating guides projecting proximally lrom the
proximal end of the sleeve and through the safety gate
hole. The guides are adapted to bias the safety gate
toward the latched position when the alignment pin is in
a position other than the alignment position and have cam
surfaces at a proximal end adapted to engage the cam
shoulder surfaces of the safety gate to drive the safety
gate from the latched to the unlatched position when the
alignment pin is moved to the alignment position.
The means for preventing the alignment pin from
moving From the alignment position toward the release
position when the cartridge assembly is in the closed
position includes the safety gate deactivating guides
having return cam aurfacas generally opposite the cam
surfaces adapted to engage surfaces on the safety gate to
drive the safety gate from the unlatched toward the
latched position when the alignment pin is aovad away
from the alignment position, and surfaces on the
cartridge transport aeabar and ram adapted to engage the
3o salety gate to prevent the return cam surfaces lrom
driving the safety gate from the unlatched position
toward the latched position to thereby prevent the ~
alignment pin from moving lrom the alignment position
toward !he release position when the cartridge assembly
is in tha closed position.
br3a! Description of the Drawing
The present invention will be further described
with reference to the accompanying drawing wherein like
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21~.~8~~
- 14 - . w
reference numerals refer to like parts in the several
views, and wherein:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of the surgical
stapling instrument according to the present invention;
Figures 2 through 5 are enlarged first side
views of the surgical instrument of Figure 1 which
sequentially illustrate the operation of the stapler
wherein:
Figure 2 shows the relative positions of the
anvil !rams and the cartridge assembly in an open
position and has portions broken away to show details; ",
Figure 3 illustrates the positions of the anvil
frame and the cartridge assembly just after the cartridge
assembly fs moved to the closed position and has portions
broken away to show details;
Figure 4 shows the positions of the anvil frame
and the cartridge assembly just before the stapler is
fired and has portions broken away to show details;
Figure 5 illustrates the stapler just after the
stapler is fired;
Figure 6 is an enlarged bottom view of the
surgical instrument of Figure 1 which has portions broken
away to show details;
Figure 7 is an enlarged sectional view o! the
staples of Figure 1 taken approximately along line 7-7 0!
Figure 5;
Figure 8 is an enlarged sectional view of the
stapler o! Figure 1 taken approximately along lira 8-8 0!
Figure 2 and having portions broken away to show details;
Figure 9 is an enlarged second side view o! the
stapler o! Figure 1 having portions broken away to show
details o! an actuation mechanism;
Figure io is an enlarged second side view o!
the stapler o! Figure 1 having portions broken away to
show details o! an actuation mechanism and which
illustrates the proximal and o! the stapler;
Figure li is an enlarged first side view o! the
stapler o! Figure 1 having portions broken away to show
details of an actuation mechanism;
2111~~~
15 -
Figure 12 is an enlarged first side view of the
distal end of the stapler of Figure 1 illustrating a
pusher in a pre-fired position;
Figure 13 is an enlarged first side view of the
distal end of the stapler of Figure 1 illustrating a
pusher in a fired position;
Figure 14 is an enlarged sectional view of the
stapler o! Figure 13 taken approximately along lima i4-14
o! Figure 13 and having portions broken away to show
l0 details;
Figure 15 is an enlarged first side view of a
distal and of a second embodiment of surgical stapler
according to the present invention whose proximal end is
generally identical to the proximal end of the stapler o!
Figure i, and which illustrates a pusher in a pre-tired
position;
Figure 16 is an enlarged first side view of the ~
distal end of the stapler of Figure 15 illustrating a
pusher in a fired position;
Figure 17 is an enlarged sectional view of the
stapler of Figure 15 taken approximately along line 17-17
of Figure 16 and having portions broken away to show ,
details; --
Figure 18 is an enlarged perspective view of
the stapler of Figure 1 having portions broken away to
show detail and showing a safety gate in a latched
position;
Figure 19 is a sectional view of the stapler o!
Figure 1 taken approxiaately along line 19-19 of Figure "
9;
Figure 20 is an enlarged first side view o! a
distal end of a third embodiment of surgical stapler .
according to the present invention whose proximal and is
generally identical to the proximal end of the stapler of
Figure 1, with portions broken away to shown details o!
a ramped pin and locking notch, illustrating a pusher in
a pre-tired position; and . ,
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2~~.~a~~
- 16 - ,
Figure 21 is an enlarged first side view of the
distal end of the stapler of Figure 20 illustrating a
pusher in a farad position.
Detailed Description
Referring now to Figures 1 through 14 of the
drawing, there is shown a first embodiment of surgical
stapling instrument according to the present invention,
generally designated by the reference numeral 10.
Generally the surgical stapling instrument 10
comprises an anvil frame 12 having proximal 14 and distal
16 ends and a pair of lateral side portions 17 and 18 '
that era each elongate in a longitudinal direction and
spaced to define a channel therabatween. The anvil frame
12 has a handle portion 19 generally adjacent the
proximal end 14 with first 20 and second 21 ends, and a
jaw portion 22 having anvil surfaces 23 generally
adjacent the distal end 16. The anvil surfaces 23 are
specially shaped and are positioned in a plane generally
perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. The jaw
portion 22 includes surfaces defining an alignment
aperture 15 opening onto the anvil surfaces 23, the
function of which will be described later.
a handle housing 24 is attached to the anvil
frame 12 and may be constructed frog any suitable
material such as but not limited to a polymeric material
such as nylon, polypropylene, high density polyethylene,
acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (lirBS), polyatherimide,
polystyrene, acetal or polycarbonate. 11n elongate
manually movable handle or lever part Z5 (sae Figure 9)
having first 26 and second 27 ends is pivotally mounted
at its second end 27 to the anvil frame 12 by means such
as a pin 28. 11 handle cover 29 is attached to the lever
part 25 and may be constructed from any suitable material
such as but not limited to a polymeric material similar
to the material used to construct the handle housing 24.
The handle cover 29 and the handle housing Z4 era shaped
to afford convenient, efficient manual grasping of the
A.
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- 17 -
stapler 10 and may be snap fit to the stapler 10 (e. g.
the lever part 25 and anvil frame 12 respectively).
The lever part 25 is connected to the anvil w
frame 12 at a position generally adjacent the second end
21 of the handle portion 19. The pin 28 mounts the
handle part 25 and handle cover 29 to the anvil frame 12
to afford pivotal movement of the lever part 25 relative
to the anvil frame 12 between a release position (Figures
l, 2 and 4) with the first and 26 of the lever part 25
spaced from the first end 14 0! the handle portion 19 and
an actuation position (Figures 3 and 5) with the lever
part 25 and the handle portion 19 in closely spaced
relationship. A biasing means biases the lever part 25
toward the release position. Preferably, the biasing
means comprises an extension coil spring 30 mounted at
one end to the anvil frame 12 and at the other end to the
lever part 25.
~r cartridge assembly 32 having proximal 33 and
distal 34 ends is aounted in the channel between the
lateral side portions 17 and 18 for longitudinal movement
relative to the anvil frame 12. The cartridge assembly
32 comprises a cartridge transporting member 35 having
first 36 and second 37 'side portions that are each
elongate in the longitudinal direction and that are
spaced to define a ram channel therebetween. The first
and second side portions 36 and 37 have surfaces defining
a cartridge groove 38 generally adjacent the distal end
34 of the cartridge assembly 32. Tha cartridge groove
surfaces 38 era adapted to ralaasably receive a cartridge
housing 40.
Tha cartridge housing 40 includes a plurality
o! ataplu 41 disposed in rows oriented in planas
generally perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and
positioned in opposition to the anvil surfaces 23, and
manually activatable aeans, such as a pusher 42, !or
prauinq the staple 41 within longitudinal slots 46 in
the cartridge housing 40 against specially shaped anvil
surfaces 23 to engage and close the staples 41 in tissue
between the cartridge housing 40 and the anvil surfaces
2~1~.~~6
- 18 - . .
23. The pusher 42 has a pair of edges 43 and is
positioned proximate the staples 41 for movement between
pre-fired (Figure 12) and fired (Figure 13) positions
with the pusher 42 adapted to move distally relative to
the cartridge housing 40 when the stapler 10 is fired.
The cartridge housing 40 also has surfaces
defining a close fitting hole or alignment through
passage 58 positioned in opposition to the alignment
aperture 15 in the anvil !tame 12. The alignment through
passage 58 and the alignment aperture 15 may be generally
cylindrical and coaxial and perform a function to be
described later.
11 means such as pins 44 and grooves 45 mounts
the cartridge assembly 32 for longitudinal movement
relative to the anvil frame 12 between a closed position
(Figures 3, 4 and 5) with the cartridge housing 40 and
the anvil surfaces 23 in closely spaced relationship, and
an open position (Figures 1 and 2) with the cartridge
housing 40 and the anvil surfaces 23 spaced farther from
each other than in the closed position.
An elongate T-bar or ram 48 is mounted in the
ram channel between the first and second side portions 36
and 37 of the cartridge transport member 35 for
longitudinal movement relative to the cartridge
transporting member 35 and the anvil frame 12. The T-bar
or ram 48 is adapted to engage the pusher 42 to drive the
pusher 42 distally to eject the staples 41 from the
cartridge housing 40, to press the staples 41 against the
specially shaped anvil surfaces 23 and to engage and
close the staples 11 in tissues between the cartridge
housing 40 and the anvil jaw portion 22 when the
cartridge housing 40 and the anvil surfaces 23 are in the
closes position.
Figures 2 through 5 sequentially illustrate the
operation o! the stapler 10. 11n actuation means 50 '
operable in a lirst aovemant of the lever part 25 from
the release to the actuation position initially mows the
cartridge assembly 32 from the open to the closed
position (Figure 2 and 3) . Tha actuation means 50 is
21~~t~~ o
- 19 -
operable in a second movement (Figures 4 and 5) of the
lever part 25 from the release to the actuation position
to subsequently fire the stapler 10 (e. g, the actuation
means 50 drives the ram 48 distally relative to the
cartridge transporting member 35 to engage and move the
pusher 42 distally to eject the staples 41 from the
cartridge housing 40, to press the staples 41 against the
anvil surfaces 23 and to engage and close the staples 41
in tissues between the cartridge housing 40 and the anvil
jaw portion 22). 1~ means such as a coil spring 51
connected between the anvil frame 12 and the ram 48 bias
the cartridge assembly 32 trom the closed to the open
poaition and is temporarily overcome by the actuation .
means 50.
The actuation means 50 preferably comprises a
toggle joint linkage 52 having an over center pivoting
portion 53 and first 54 and second 55 ends with the first
end 54 pivotally mounted to the anvil frame 12 by pin 56
and with the second end 55 pivotally connected to the
cartridge transporting member 35 by a pin 57. The over
center pivoting portion 53 preferably has surfaces
adapted to engage cooperable surfaces on the lever part
when the lever part 25 is first moved from the release
to the actuation position to move the toggle joint
25 linkage 52 from a retracted position (see Figures 1 and
2 with the cartridge assembly 32 in the open position)
past an in-line or centered position with the toggle
joint linkage generally straight, to an extended position
(Figures 3, 4, 5 and 10) with the toggle joint linkage 52
being slightly bent in a direction inverted relative to
the retracted position. Movement of the toggle joint
linkage 52 from the retracted to the sxtended position
drives the cartridge assembly 32 lrom the open to the v
closed positions.
The actuation means also preferably includes
means for retaining the cartridge assembly 32 in the
closed position against the bias of the coil spring 51
for biasing the cartridge assembly 32 from the cloud to
the open position. Prelerably, such a means comprises a
21~.~8~6
- 20 -
stop flange 66 on the over center pivoting portion 53 0!
the toggle joint linkage 52. The stop flange 66 is w
adapted to engage surfaces on the toggle joint linkage 52
to prevent the toggle joint linkage 52 from moving past
the extended position. Alternatively such a means may
comprise a stop surface located on the handle housing 24.
Also, a relatively weak torsion spring (not shown) may be
mounted on the over canter pivoting portion 53 0! the
toggle joint linkage 52 to bias the toggle joint linkage
52 toward the extended position and to prevent the
cartridge assembly from accidentally opening when the
handle lever 15 is moved from the actuation to the
release position just alter firing the stapler 10.
The actuation means 50 preferably includes
surfaces defining a cam shoulder surface 49 on the ram
48, and a pawl 60 having first 61 and second 62 ends and
a cam surface 63 generally adjacent the second and 62.
A means such as pin 64 mounts the pawl 60 on the lever
part 25 for movement between a first position (Figures 2,
3 and 9) with the cam surface 63 spaced from the cam
shoulder surface 49 on the ram 48 and a second position
(Figures 4, 10 and ii) with the cam surface 63 engaged
with the cam shoulder surface 49 on the ram 48 to afford
firing of the stapler 10 by driving the ram 48 distally
relative to the cartridge transporting member 35 when the
cartridge assembly 32 is in the closed position. Also
preferably, the stapler 10 further includes means for
biasing the pawl toward the second position such as
torsion spring 65, and the ram 48 has sliding surfaces 47
adapted to retain the pawl 6o in the first position until
the cartridge assembly 32 is moved from the open to the
closed position.
Additionally, the stapler 1o includes a release
era 70 having a first end pivotally mounted to the
proximal end 14 0! the anvil frame 12 by pin 56 and a
second end connected to manually activatable release
button 72 extending laterally from the handle housing =4.
The release arm 70 has surfaces 73 adapted to engage
shoulder portions or "pin" 67 of the pawl 60 and ,
_ 2~.~.1~~~
- 21 -
laterally inwardly projecting surfaces (not shown)
adapted to engage the over center portion 53 of the
toggle joint linkage 52 to initially move the pawl s0
from the second toward the f first position and to then
move the toggle joint linkage 52 from the extended toward
the retracted position to afford movement of the
cartridge assembly 32 from the closed to the open
position under the bias of spring 51.
The function o! the alignment through passage
58 and the alignment aperture 15 will now be described
relative to the function of a safety guide member 88
comprising a sleeve 89 having proximal and distal ends.
Tha sleeve 89 is slidably mounted on the anvil frame 12
for longitudinal movement relative thereto. ~
longitudinally extending alignment or retention pin 90 is
mounted on the distal end of the sleeve 89 for movement
between an alignment position (Figures 3, ~ and 5) with
the alignment pin 90 passing through the cartridge
housing alignment through passage 58 and extending into
the alignment aperture 15 to position the rows of staples ~
41 relative to the specially shaped surfaces 23 on the
anvil frame 12 to afford_a more precisely controlled ~
formation of fired staples and to prevent tissue from
escaping from between the cartridge housing 40 and the
anvil surfaces 23 when the cartridge assembly 32 is moved
to the closed position, and a release position (Figures .;
1 and 2) with the alignment pin 90 spaced from the
alignment through passage 58 and the alignment aperture
15 to afford removal and rsplacament of the cartridge
housing with s new cartridge housing, w
In the slignmant position, the alignment pin 90
is adapted to position the rows of staples 41 r~lativa to
the specially shaped surfaces 23 on the anvil frame 12 to
afford a more pr~cis~ly controlled formation of fired
staples and to prevent tissue from escaping from between
the cartridge housing 10 and the anvil aurfacas 23 when
the cartridge assembly 3Z is moved to the closed
position.
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22
There may also be present means 94 !or
preventing the cartridge assembly 32 from waving from the
open to the closed_position unless the alignment pin 90
is in the alignment position, and for preventing the
alignment pin 90 from moving from the alignment position
toward the release position when the cartridge assembly
32 is in the closed position comprising surfaces defining
a safety notch 92 in the cartridge assembly 32 (including
both the ram 48 and the cartridge transport member 35)
and the anvil frame 12.
The surfaces defining a safety notch 92 in the
anvil frame i2, cartridge transport member 35 and ram 48
era aligned when the cartridge assembly 32 is in the open
position to define a continuous safety notch (Figures 2,
9, 18 and 19) extending laterally across the stapler 10
and are staggered (see Figures 3, 4 and 10) when the
cartridge assembly 32 is in the closed position.
The means 94 includes a safety gate 95 (Figures
18 and 19) having cam shoulder surfaces 85 and return cam
surfaces 8 generally opposite the cam surfaces 85. The
safety gate 95 includes surfaces defining a safety Bats
hole 87. The safety gate 95 is mounted adjacent the
anvil frame 12 for relativc movement thereto between a
latched position (Figure 2) with the safety gate 95
engaged with the surfaces defining the continuous safety
notch 92 to prevent relative movement between the
cartridge assembly 32 and the anvil frame 12 when the
cartridge assembly 32 is in the open position, and an
unlatched position (Figures 3, 4 and 9) with the safety
gate 95 spaced lrOD the satsty notch 92 to a!lord
relative longitudinal movement of the cartridge assembly
32 and the anvil !rams 12 between the open and closed
positions. The handle housing 24 includes guide surfaces
defining a slot 77 that a!lords reciprocating soveasnt o!
the safety gate 95 between the latched and unlatched
positions.
As part o! the means 94, the safety guide
aember 88 includes safety gate deactivating guides 98
projecting proximally troy the proximal end o! the sleeve
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- 23 -
89 and through the safety gate hole 8i. Return cam
surfaces 8 of the guides 98 bias the safety gate 95
toward the latched position when the alignment pin 90 is
in a position other than the alignment position. The cam
surfaces 99 at a proximal end of the guides 98 are
adapted to engage the cam shoulder surfaces 85 of the
safety gate 95 to drive the safety gate 95 from the
latched to the unlatched position when the alignment pin
90 is moved to the alignment position. Surfaces 7
l0 (Figure 18) on the cartridge transport aembsr 35 and ram
48 era adapted to engage the "top" of the safety gate 95
to prevent the return cam surfaces 8 from driving the
safety gate 95 from the unlatched position toward the
latched position when the cartridge assembly is in the
closed position. Thus, once the alignment pin 90 is
moved to the aligned position, the means 94 also prevents
the alignment pin 90 from moving from the alignment
position toward the release position when the cartridge
assembly 32 is in the closed position.
The stapler 10 according to the present
invention also includes a means preventing the cartridge ..
assembly from moving from th_e open to the closed position
unless the stapler 10 is_ loaded with a ready-to-lire
staple cartridge.
~s best seen in Figures 12 though 14, a first
embodiment of a stapler 10 according to the present
invention may comprise a means for preventing the
cartridge assembly 32 from aoving from the open to the
closed position when the stapler 10 is loaded with a
cartridge housing 4o having a pusher 42 in a lirad
position. Such a means prevents approximation and
clamping of living tissue between anvil (a.g. 23) and
cartridge (e.g. 40) components of the stapler 10 when the
stapler 10 is loaded with a spent stapler cartridge, and .
prevents firing o! the stapler 10 when the stapler is
loaded with a spent stapler cartridge. Figures 12
through 14 illustrate a stapler to wherein the means !or
preventing the cartridge assembly 32 from moving lrom the
open to the closed position comprises the anvil frame 12
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21~~.8~6
- 24 -
having surfaces defining a safety aperture 81 opening ,
into the surface of the anvil frame 12 and having a
bottom surface, and a locking plate or pin 82 having
first 83 and second 84 ends. The lacking pin 82 is
mounted within the safety aperture 81 !or movement
between a free travel position (Figure 12) with the first
end 83 of the locking pin 82 generally abutting an edge
43 of the pusher 42 to afford a single, reciprocating
movement of the cartridge assembly 32 between the open
and closed positions, and a blocking position (Figure 13)
with the lirst end 83 of the locking pin 82 projecting
beyond the safety aperture 81 and into the path of the
ram 48 to prevent movement of the cartridge assembly 32
from the open to the closed position. a biasing means
biases the locking pin 82 toward the blocking position.
That biasing means preferably comprises a coil spring 86
having a first end connected to the second end 84 of the
locking pin 82 and a second end connected to the bottom
surface of the safety aperture 81.
OPERATION
The operation of the present invention may now
be described with reference to the stapler 10. Figures
2 through 5 sequentially illustrate the operation of the
stapler 10.
Figure 2 illustrates the relative positions of
the anvil frame 12 and the cartridge assembly 32 in an
open position. Typically the stapler l0 may be .
positioned adjacent the tissue to be stapled, and the
alignment pin 90 is then moved trom the release position
(Figure 2) to the alignment position (Figures 3, 4 and 5)
by moving the sleeve 89 distally. When the alignment pin
90 is located in the alignment position, the cam surfaces
99 move the safety Bata 95 to the unlatched position to
afford relative movement between the cartridge assembly
32 and the anvil !tame 12.
Zn the alignment position, the alignment pin 90
passes through the cartridge housing alignment through
passage 58 and extends into the alignment aperture 15 to
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orient and position the rows of staples 41 relative to
the specially shaped surfaces 23 on the anvil frame 12 to
afford a more precisely controlled formation of fired
staples. Placing the alignment pin 90 in the alignment
position also prevents tissue from escaping lrom between
the cartridge housing 40 and the anvil surfaces 23 when
the cartridge assembly 32 is moved to the closed
position.
Figure 3 illustrates the positions of the anvil
!tame 12 and the cartridge assembly 32 just after the
cartridge assembly 32 is moved to the closed position by
a first movement of the lever part 25 from the release
position to the actuation position, after which the coil
spring 30 returns the lever part 25 to the release
position shown in Figure 4, when the cartridge assembly
is in the closed position, the surfaces 7 (Figure 18) on w
the cartridge transport member 35 and ram 48 are adapted .
to engage the "top" of the safety gate 95 and prevent the
return cam surfaces 8 from driving the safety gate 95
from the unlatched position toward the latched position.
Thus, once the alignment pin 90 is moved to the aligned
position as shown in Figure 3, the means 94 also prevents
the alignment pin 90 frog moving from the alignment
position toward the release position when the cartridge
assembly 32 is in the closed position. This feature
prevents a user from (1) clamping the stapler 10 on the
tissue to be stapled and (2) thereafter moving the
alignment pin 90 from the alignment position.
Figure 4 shows the positions of the anvil frame
12 and the cartridge assembly 32 just before the stapler
10 is fired. Attar the cartridge assembly 32 is moved to
the closed position, the pawl 60 moves to the ucond
position with the cam surface 67 generally engaged with
the cam shoulder surface 49 of the raa 48. In this
~s position, the stapler 10 is ready to be fired. 11 second
movement o! the lover part Z5 lrom the releau position
to the actuation position (Figure 5) cauus the ram 48 to
cove distally relative to the cartridge transport member
and the anvil frame iZ, which drives the pusher 4Z
2~1~896
- 26
distally to eject the staples 41 from the cartridge
housing 40 to press the staples 41 against the specially
shaped anvil surfaces 23 and to engage and close the
staples 41 in tissues between the cartridge housing 40
and the anvil jaw portion 22.
Once the cartridge assembly 32 is moved to the
closed position, the spring 51 biases the cartridge
assembly toward the open position but is prevented from
moving the cartridge assembly 32 to the open position by
engagement between a stop flange 66 of the toggle joint
linkage 52 with another portion of the toggle joint
linkage 52 generally adjacent the over center pivoting
portion 53. Optionally, engagement between the toggle
joint linkage 52 and surfaces on the handle housing Z4
may prevent further movement of the toggle joint linkage
52. A torsion spring (not shown) prevents the toggle
joint linkage from accidentally "popping-up" or returning
to the retracted position when the stapler 10 is fired.
After the stapler 10 is fired, the user may
control the return of the cartridge assembly 32 to the
open position by moving manually activatable release
button 72 "upward" to engage surfaces 73 of release arm
70 with shoulder portions or pin 67 of the pawl 60 and to '
engage laterally inwardly projecting surfaces (not shown)
on the arm 70 with the over center portion 53 of the
toggle joint linkage 52 to move the pawl 60 from the
second toward the first position and to move the toggle
joint linkage 52 from the extended toward the retracted
position against the bias of the torsion spring (not
shown). Such a movement of the release era 70 allows the
spring 51 to return the cartridge assembly 3Z to the open
position.
Once the cartridge assembly 3Z is moved to the '
open position, the return caa surfacae 8 era Eras to
drive the safety gate 95 into engagement with the safety
notch 92 to prevent the cartridge assembly 32 lroa moving
from the open to the closed position unless the alignaant v
pin 90 is again moved to the alignment position. Thus,
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- - -~ ~~1~~~~
- 27 -
this feature operates continuously, even if the stapler y
is subsequently reused in the same patient.
As best seen in Figure 13, after the stapler 10
is fired and the cartridge assembly 32 is moved to the
open position, the pusher 42 is located closer to the
cartridge housing 40 than in the pre-fired position so
that the second end of pin 82 no longer engages the edge ,
43 of pusher 42. Thus alter the ram 48 moves back to the
open position, the spring 86 biases the pin 82 lrom the
free-travel to the blocking position with the lirst and
83 of the locking pin 82 projecting beyond the safety
aperture 81 and into the path of the ram 48 to thereby
prevent movement of the cartridge assembly 32 from the
open to the closed position. It should be pointed out
that the pin 82 will not only prevent the stapler 10 from
firing when loaded with a spent cartridge, but will also
prevent the firing of the stapler 10 when the stapler is
not loaded with a cartridge housing 40 at all.
hlso, the pin 82 prevents firing o! the stapler
10 should the fired cartridge housing be replaced. with
another fired cartridge, since the edge portion of the
pusher of the fired cartridge would not be able to move
the pin 82 from the blocking to the free-travel position. ...
The stapler 10 can be refined only by replacing the fired
cartridge housing with an unfired or ready-to-fire
cartridge housing 40 having an edge surface 43.of the
pusher 42 in the proper position to move the pin 82 to
the lree-travel position.
It should ba noted that the aechanical
advantage provided by the toggle joint linkage 52 is at
its minimum when the cartridge assembly 32 is in the open
position and generally increases as the cartridge
assembly 32 moves toward the closed position. Thus, it
is important to prevent the cartridge assembly 32 from
moving lrom the open toward the closed position to
thereby minimize the shear !once transmitted through the
toggle joint linkage 52 to the pin 82.
Figures 15 through 17 illustrate a second
embodiment of surgical stapler generally designated by
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'n.: ~;,:, 'Y~, '~',,. -':'.~ ~".;':
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' ~ " , . ~ . '~ - , Sv ~ -.v' . - ,.r. ..;:'' ..: . ...,; - . ~. " :.
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2~3.~ ~~~
the reference character 100 which has many parts that are
essentially the same ae the parts of the stapler 10 and
which have been identified by the same reference numeral
to which the suffix "A" has been added. Like the stapler
10, the stapler 100 includes comprises an anvil frame 12A
having proximal and distal 16A ends and a pair of lateral
side portions 17A and 18A that are each elongate in a
longitudinal direction and spaced to define a channel
therabetween. The anvil !rams 12A has a handle portion
(not shown but generally identical to the handle i9 of
stapler 10) generally adjacent the proximal end with
first and second ends, and a jaw portion 22A having
specially shaped anvil surfaces 23A generally adjacent
the distal end 16A. The anvil surfaces 23A are
positioned in a plane generally perpendicular to the
longitudinal direction. The jaw portion 22A includes
surfaces defining an alignment aperture 15A opening onto
the anvil surfaces 23A.
Like the stapler 10, the stapler 100 includes
a cartridge assembly 32A having proximal and distal 31A
ends that is mounted in the channel between the lateral
side portions 17A and 38A for longitudinal movement
relative to the anvil frame-12A. The cartridge assembly
32A comprises a cartridge transporting msmber 35A having
lirst and second side portions that are each elongate in
the longitudinal direction and that are spaced to define
a ram channel thsrsbstvean. The first and second side
portions have surfaces defining a cartridge groove 38A
generally adjacent the distal end 3111 of the cartridge
assembly 32A. The cartridge groove surfaces 38A are
adapted to relsasably receive a cartridge housing 4011.
Ths cartridge housing IoA includes a plurality
of staples I1A disposed in sows oriented in planes
generally perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and
positioned in opposition to the anvil surface 23A, and
manually activatable scans, such as a pusher 42A, for
pressing the staples 1111 within longitudinal slots in the
cartridge housing IOA against the specially shaped anvil
surfaces 2311 to, engage and close the staples I1A in
N:l:~~~~~
_ 29
tissue between the cartridge housing 4011 and the anvil
surfaces 23A. The pusher 42A has a pair of edges 43A and
is positioned proximate the staples 41A for movement
between pre-fired (Figure 15j and fired (Figure 16)
positions with the pusher 42A adapted to move distally
relative to the cartridge assembly 32A when the stapler
100 is fired. The cartridge housing 40A also has
surfaces defining a close fitting hole or alignment
through passage positioned in opposition to the alignment .
aperture 15A in the anvil frame 12A. The alignment
through passage and the alignment aperture 15A may ba
generally cylindrical and coaxial.
An elongate T-bar or ram 48A is mounted in the
ram channel between the lirst and second side portions of
the cartridge transport member 35A for longitudinal
movement relative to the cartridge transporting member
35A and the anvil frame 12A. The T-bar or ram 48A is
adapted to drive the pusher 42A distally to eject the
staples 41A from the cartridge housing 40A to press the
staples 41A against the specially shaped anvil surfaces
23A and to engage and close the staples 41A in tissues
between the cartridge housing 40A and the anvil jaw
portion 22A when the cartridge housing 40A the anvil
surfaces 23A are fn the closed position.
Unlike the stapler 10, the stapler 100 includes
a different aeans 102 for preventing the cartridge
assembly 32A from moving from the open to the closed
position when the stapler 100 is loaded with a cartridge
housing 40A with the pusher 42A in a fired position.
Lika the means 80, the aaans i02 prevents approximation
and clamping of living tissue between anvil (e. g. 23A)
and cartridge (e.g. 40A) components of the stapler 100
when the stapler 100 is loaded with a spent stapler
cartridge, and prevents Tiring o! the stapler 100 when
the stapler l00 is loaded with a spent stapler cartridge.
The means 102 comprises the anvil lrame 12A .
having surfaces defining a safety aperture 103 opening
into the surface of the anvil frame 12A and having a
bottom surface, a locking notch il0 in the cartridge
~~~.~~~n
- 30 -
transport member 35A of the cartridge assembly 32A, and
a locking plate or pin 104 having first 105 and second
106 ends.
. The locking pin 104 is mounted within the
safety aperture 103 for movement between a free travel
position (Figure 15) with the first end 105 of the
locking pin 104 generally abutting an edge 43A of the
pusher 42A and spaced from the locking notch 110 to
afford a single, reciprocating movement of the cartridge
l0 assembly 32A between the open and closed positions, and
a blocking position (Figure 16) with the first end 105 of
the locking pin 104 projecting beyond the safety aperture
103 and engaged with the surfaces of the locking notch
110 to prevent movement of the cartridge assembly 32A
from the open to the closed position. Biasing means,
such as a coil spring 109 having a first end connected to
the second end 106 of the locking pin 104 and a second
and connected to the bottom surface of the safety
aperture 103, biases the locking pin 104 toward the
2o blocking position.
Figures 20 and 21 illustrate a third embodiment
of surgical stapler according to the present invention
generally designated by the-reference character 200 which
has many parts that are essentially the sane as the parts
of the stapler 100 and which have been identified by the
same reference numeral to which the suffix ~B" has been
added. Like the stapler 100, the stapler 200 includes
comprises an anvil frame 12B which is elongate in a
longitudinal direction. The anvil frame 12B has a handle
portion (not shown but generally identical to the handle
19 0! stapler 10) , and a jaw portion 22B having specially
shaped anvil surfsces (not shown but generally identical
to the anvil surfaces 23 and 23A). Tha anvil surfaces
are positioned in a plane generally perpendicular to the
longitudinal direction. Tha jaw portion 228 includes
surlaces defining an alignment aperture opening onto the
anvil surfaces.
Like the stapler 100, the stapler 200 includes
a cartridge assembly 32B that is mounted for longitudinal
2~118~u
- 31 -
movement relative to the anvil frame 128. The cartridge
assembly 32B comprises a cartridge transporting member
35B surfaces defining a cartridge groove generally
adjacent a distal end of the cartridge assembly 328. Tha
cartridge groove surfaces are adapted to releasably
receive a cartridge housing (not shown but generally
identical to the cartridge housings 40 and 40A).
The cartridge housing includes a plurality of
staples (not shown but generally identical to the staples
l0 41 and 41) disposed in rows oriented in planes generally
perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and
positioned in opposition to the anvil surfaces and
manually activatable means, such as a pusher 428, !or
pressing the staples within longitudinal slots in the
cartridge housing against the specially shaped anvil
surfaces to engage and close the staples in tissue
between the cartridge housing and the anvil surfaces.
The pusher 42A has a pair of edges 43B and is
positioned proximate the staples for movement between
pre-fired (Figure 20) and fired (Figure 21) positions
with the pusher 42B adapted to move distally relative to
the cartridge assembly 32B when the stapler 200 is fired. ~ .
The cartridge housing also has surfaces
defining a close fitting hole or alignment through
passage positioned in opposition to an alignment aperture
in the anvil frame 128. The alignment through passage
and the alignment aperture say be generally cylindrical
and coaxial.
7~n elongate T-bar or ram 488 is mounted in the
ram channel between the first and second side portions of
the cartridge transport member for longitudinal movement
relative to the cartridge transporting aeaber and the
anvil lrame 128. The T-bar or ram 488 is adapted to
drive the pusher 42B distally to eject the staples from
the cartridge housing to press the staples against the w
specially shaped anvil surfaces and to engage and close
the staples in tissues between the cartridge housing and
the anvil jaw portion 228 when the cartridge housing the
anvil surfaces are in the closed position.
- 32 -
Unlike the stapler 100, the stapler 200
includes a different means 202 for preventing the
cartridge assembly.32H from moving from the open to th_e
closed position unless the stapler 200 is loaded with a
ready-to-fire cartridge housing. Like the means 102, the
means 202 prevents approximation and clamping of living
tissue between anvil and cartridge components o! the
stapler 200 when the stapler 200 is unloaded or loaded
with a spent stapler cartridge, and prevents tiring of
the stapler 200 when the stapler 200 is unloaded or
loaded with a spent stapler cartridge.
hlso like the means 102, the means 202
comprises the anvil frame 128 having surfaces defining a
safety aperture 103B opening into the surface of the
anvil frame 12B and having a bottom surface. Unlike the
means 102, the means 202 includes a locking notch 210 in
the cartridge transport member of the cartridge assembly
32B having sloped surfaces 220, and a locking plate or
pin 204 having first 205 and second 206 ends with a
romped caroming surface 230 generally adjacent the first
end 205.
The locking pin 204 is mounted within the
safety aperture 103B for movement between a free travel
position (Figure 20) with the first end 205 of the
locking pin 204 generally abutting an edge of the pusher
42B and spaced from the locking notch 210 to aflord a
single, reciprocating movement of the cartridge assembly
32B between the open and closed positions, and a blocking
position (Figure 16) with the first and 205 of the
locking pin 204 projecting beyond the safety aperture
1038 and engaged with the surfaces of the locking notch
210 to prevent aoveaent o! the cartridge assembly 328
Eros the open to the closed position.
Biasing aeons such as a coil spring i09B having
a first and connected to the second end 206 0! the
locking pin 204 and a second end connected to the bottom
surface of the safety aperture 103B biases the locking
pin 204 toward the blocking position.
21~~3~ii
33 -
Optionally, either the locking notch 210 and/or
the locking pin 204 may have sloped or camped caroming
surfaces to cam the locking pin 204 to the free travel
position when the cartridge assembly initially moves from
the open to the closed position, but which does not cam
the locking pin 204 to the free-travel position when the
stapler is unloaded or when the stapler is loaded with a
staple cartridge other than a ready-to-fire staple
cartridge.
The means 202 is believed to provide a
mechanism which is easier to construct than the means 102
as the sloped surlaces 220 and the camped caroming surface
230 era believed to be lass sensitive to individual part
differences or tolerances, in for example, the relative
positions of the cartridge housing 40H, the cartridge
transport member 35B and the edge 43H of the pusher 428.
The present invention has now been described
with reference to several embodiments thereof. It will
be apparent to those skilled in the art that many changes
can be made in the embodiment described without departing
from the scope of the present invention. For example,
the pin 82 and the spring 86 may be replaced with a
plastic part with an integrally molded spring. ~rlso, the
pin 104 may be adapted to engage a slot (not shown) in
the cartridge housing 40~r rather than the locking notch
110 in the cartridge assembly 32. l~dditionally, the
aaans 94 could be completely eliminated lrom the stapler
l0 according to the present invention, and the anvil
fraaa 12 and the cartridge assembly 32 say be constructed
frow any suitable material such as but not limited to a
metal or plastic material. Noraover, the locking plate
or pins 82, 104, 204 may be constructed lrom any
suitable, tough aaterial such as metal or plastic and may
have arcuate portions (not shown) adjacent their ands
which are adapted to engage the edge (e.g. 43H) of the
pusher. The arcuate edges cam the pins toward the free
trawl position when the stapler is loaded with an
unfired cartridge and the cartridge assembly initially
coves toward the closed position. Thus the scope o! the
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- 34 -
present invention should not be limited to the structure
described in this application, but only by structures
described by the language o! the claims and the
equivalents of those structures.
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