Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
V4VCD 94/1157 '~' ~.~ ~ ~ ~ ~,~ Pt'T/CA9Bd004~7
~ t~ USE IP~DLV~ ~L~ NATE SALT C S ) AHI7
PC)LYE'~~iYI~.~'"~ v~SE, To DROVE RET~'TON r'1h'D DRS.
The present invention relates to a method a :d a use of.
naphthalene sulphonate salt(s), under granulated form or as
a condensed or diluted solution, and a solution of
polyethylene oxide having a molecular weight varying from
1 x 106 to 13 x lob, allowing for a mixture comprising
lignocellulosic particles and an aqueous rnedium to
significantly ~,mprove the retention of particles such as
fines and fibres, on a wire screen and the drainage of the
aqueous mediu~i.
la
Ad~r~ntageously, a particles retention, especially a retention
of fines and fibres can be achieved for kraft, sulphite (high
and low yield), bisulphite, mechanical, oPCC, ~TCMP, TCMP,
RCMP, hard wood, such as oak, birch, maple, elm, wild-cherxy,
soft woods such as conifers trees, and TMP pulps and any mix
in an~r proportion of two or more types of pulp.
Appl ~.dation may be the ~ollowa.ngs
any washer, thickener, save-all, disc filter or drum
filtex in any pulp making process;
- any pulp machine, board machine or paper machine in the
~roduc~i~n sector;
any clarifa~r or flotation or f~.bre separation unit .in
2~ the effluent treatment process, including krofta,
posseidon, sedimentation clarifies, but not limited to
these;
- any equipment used in the deinking process, included or
.not ,ab~Ve s r
3V
~p to now, it was known to use polyethylene oxide to improve
fr~m a mixture comprising lignocellulosic fines and fibres,
and an aqueous medium, a retention of fines and fibres on a
wire screen and improve a drainage of the aqueous medium.
The Applicant has now surprisingly found that a method
~~~~'~ ~~~~~°~'
CA 02127696 2004-05-14
2
involving a combined use of one or several. naphthalene
sulphonate salt(s), under granulated form or advantageously
as a condensed or diluted solution, and a solution of one or
several polyethylene oxide having a molecular weight varying
from 1 x l0a to 13 x 106, in admixture with a mixture of
lignocellulosic particles and an aqueous medium, allows to
improve a retention of said particles on a wire screen and a
drainage of said aqueous medium. This combined use shows a
synergistic effect. A condensed naththalene sulphonate salt
means a solution saturated with said, salt for example a
condensed sodium naphthalene sulphonate salt means an~aqueous
to solution containing about 41-46% of said salt.
More particularly, the invention relates to an improvement
in a method for the production of paper and analogous
products. This improvement lies in that one or several
naphthalene sulphonate salts) selected from the group
consisting of sodium, potassium, ammonium, calcium and
aluminum salts) of naphthalene sulphonate, in a granulated
form or as a condensed or diluted solution, and a solution
of one or several polyethylene oxide having a molecular
20 weight varying from 1 x 106 to 13 x 106 are admixed with a
mixture comprising lignocellulosic fibers and fines and an
aqueous medium, with the proviso that:
- said polyethylene oxide is admixed in said mixture when
said mixture already contains at least a part of said
naphthalene sulphonate salt(s);
- the polyethylene oxide is admixed in such an amount as
to represent from 10 to 700 grams per ton of dry matter of
said mixture; and
- the naphthalene sulphonate salts) is admixed in such an
30 amount as to represent from 50 to 1500 grams per ton of dry
matter of said mixture.
CA 02127696 2004-05-14
2a
The invention also relates to a method of improving a
retention of lignocellulosic fibers and fines, from a
mixture comprising said lignocellulosic fibers and fines in
an aqueous medium, on a wire screen and to improve a
drainage of the aqueous medium, comprising adding to said
mixture one or several naphthalene sulphonate salts)
selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium
ammonium, calcium and aluminum salt(s), said salts) being
in a granulated form or as a condensed or diluted solution,
and a solution of one or several polyethylene oxide having
a molecular weight varying from 1 x 106 to 13 x 106; the
polyethylene oxide being admixed in such an amount as to
represent from 10 to 700 grams per ton of dry matter of
said mixture and the naphthalene sulphonate salts) being
admixed in such an amount as to represent from 50 to 1500
grams per ton of dry matter of said mixture.
'VV~ 94/ 11575 s~ .g ~ ) ff'C.°T/CA92/004~7
~~~r~r~t7
3
Advantageously, the naphthalene sulphonate salt(s),
especially a sodium naphthalene sulphonate salt, is (are)
uniformly dispersed in the mixture before introducing one or
several polyethylene oxide. Preferably, sodium naphthalene
sulphonate should be applied preferably 30 seconds before the
sal t ( s ) ge t ( s ) in contact with the polyethylene oxide to t~:us
give enough time to the salt to candition particles, such as
fines and fibres.
Preferably, -in a pulp and paper plant, the admixt~.xre of
naphthalene sulphonate salts) with a mixture of
lignocellulosic fines and fibres and aqueous medium may be
applied anywhere in the system and advantageously not between
fan pumps and ~ head box..It could have been applied in the
1a white water system (wire pit), mixing tank, in the
.pr~par~tion of dla~ system or any tank that could be in
contact with fibre giving on the machine. Preferably in the
~i~~d pulp tank. The polyethylene oxide solution may be
app7:ied preferably between the fan pump snd the head box, but
it is also possible ~o apply it before the fin pump and
remain ~ffic~:~nt, like between the m3.x tank and the fan pump.
Advantage~usly, o~ae or ssveral naphthalene sulphonate
salt(s), said ~alt(s) being under granu3ated form ~r
advsnt~geously as a condensed or diluted soluti~n, and a
s~lutir~n of one or sweral polyethylene oxide having a
molecular weight varying from 1 x lob to 13 x 1~~ ire adr~a.xed
wit3~ a mixture domprising lign~cellulosic fines and fibres
and an aqueous medium to define a pumgab~.e pu'ip~'
l~dvantageously, one or several naphthalene sulphonate
s~lt(s), said salts) being under granulated form or
advantageously as a condensed or diluted solution, end a
solution of one or several polyethylene oxide waving a
molecular weight varying from 1 x 10g to 13 x 10~ are admixed
with a mixture comprising lignocellulosic fines and fibres
/ /.y:,.,' r~,.' ...
r r,,r
..rr/.,":, . . ~, .. . .. , .....
Er'. . °l. ! . i: r. , . ' . . . . ~ . ~ . , . , . . . . .
W~ 94/d 1575 P~T/~CA92/004~7
a 6u
4
and an aqueous medium to define an aqueous suspension.
Advantageously, said aqueous suspension is either of the type
intended to be laid on a wire screen of a paper machine to
form a sheet of paper or of a pulp mac:~iz:e, or of t :e type
defining a white water collected in a wire pit of a paper
machine or pulp machine. This white water may be partially or
totally recycled as an affluent of a step for preparing a
pumpable pulp comprising lignocellulosic fines and fibres and
an aqueous medium, or passed at leas t in par ~ with o .her
waste water through a clarifier. This white water charged
~rith naphthalene sulphona~te salts) and polyethylene oxide
contribute to make the clarifies more efficient.
Advantageously, said aqueous suspension is of the type
intended to be .aid on a wire screen of a paper machine to
form a sheet of paper or of pulp machine type, wherein a
white water collected in a wire pit of the paper machine or
of ~ pulp machine and essentially consisting of a part of
2~ sari pre~rious suspension not retained on the wire screen and
still containing .naphthalene sulphonate salts) and
polyethylene oxide, is recycled to a step for preparing
either a pump~ble pulp or a fresh aqueous suspension intended
to be laid on aforesaid wire screen, being understood that
said recycled white water contributes to the admixture of a
part ~f the sulphr~nate sal t ( s ) and polyethylene ~xide with
the mixture.
Pxef er~bly, ' an' ' equilibrium is ~~'t between the' amount ~f
3o: naphthalene sulphonate salts) and polyethylera~ oxide
retained on the wire screen and the amount.~f naphthalene
sulphonate salts) and polyethylene oxide collected in the
white water in the wire pit and recycle to the preparation of
either a pumpable pulp or a fresh aqueous suspen~ian intended
to be laid on the wire screen, to thus allow to admix to said
pulp or fresh-aqueous suspension intended ~oW~ laid on the
5i~~ ~ ~~~J'~~ 5~,
CA 02127696 2004-05-14
wire screen, only the amount of naphthalene sulphonate
salts) and polyethylene oxide retained in the sheet of paper
or in the pulp.
5 ;Advantageously, naphthalene sulphonate salts) are selected
from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, ammonium,
calcium and aluminium salt(s).
Advantageously, polyethylene oxide has a molecular weight
Io varying from 4.5 x 106 to 12 x 106.
Advantageously, is further admixed to said mixture at least
one enhancer selected from the group consisting of:
- a polyaluminium silicate sulphate;
- a polyaluminium sulphate;
- a sodium aluminate;
- polyaluminium chloride;
- magnesium hydroxide; and
- bentoniae.
Advantageously, polyethylene oxide may be admixed with the
mixture of lignocellulosic particles, .such as fines and
fibres, and an aqueous mediut~ to represent from 10 to 700
grams per ton of dry matter of said mixture, preferably from
to loo grams per ton of dry matter of said mixture.
EX~IPLE
On a paper machine having a capacity of 600 T of newsprint
30 per day (i.e. a paper machine known under the trade name
BELBAE 3 - VERTICAL), a pulp resulting of a blend of 45% of
sulphite pulp, 50% of mechanical pulp and 5% of kraft pulp
was used.
The example was carried out without and with a condensed
solution of sodium naphthalene sulphonate and a solution of
WO 94/11575 PfrT/CA92/OU4~7
~~'j
~5 L
w, ~, :~~
a mix polyethylene oxide having a mean molecular weight
ranging between ! 'to 8 x lob, according to the invention. ,
The present invention will be better understood with
reference to the zoliowing figures in which:
Figures 1, to 6 show variations of drainage without and with
a combined use of sodium naphthalene sulphonate and
polyethylene oxide;
Fi.gtares 7 ~:0 9 show the sheet strength without and with a
combined use of sodium naphthalene sulphonate and
polyethylene oxide;
,15 Figure 10~ shows retention of first press without and with a
cbmbined use ~~ sodium naphthalene sulph~nate end
polyethylene oxide~
Fi.c~ure 12 shop's average consistency of wire without end with
2o a co~in~d use of sodium naphthglen~ sulph~inate and
polyethylene oxide;
Fi;~ur~ 22 shows head fox consistency without end with a
combined: use of sodium 'naphthalene sulphonete and
25 polyethylene oxide;
Figure 13 shows dosage of process with polyethya.ene oxide;
p figure 24 'sh~ws v'~os~ge' ~ f , process ' w~.th sodium naphthalene
30 sulphonate salt;
Figures 15 to 22 sh~w opacity and whiteness withbut and with
combined use ~f s~dium naphthalene sulphonate and
polyethylene oxide;
Fi~uxe 23 shows a sheet formation without and with a combined
~,~~ .~ ~ ~~~~~.
~, ~ ~~1 ~
.. : . ; .. :;.. . . . . ; . _ : . .
rr,..,:;;. .:.. ,. . ~..~; - ,,. ~ ~ ., : , .., ,. .. , :..._
e3'~ 9~/ 1 ~ 575 PCTICA9~/00487
7
use of sodium naphthalene sulphonate and polyethylene oxide;
Figure 24 shows consistencies of white water returns without
and with a combined use of sodium naphthalene sulphonate and K
polyethylene oxide;
Figures 25 and 26 show tonnage of white water transferred
without 'and with a dombined use of sodium naphthalene
sulghonate and polyethylene oxide;
Figure 2~ shows fibre ~.osses in sewer without and with a
combin~d use of sodium naphthalene ~ulphonate and
polyethylene oxide; and ,
F~i.gure 28 shows drainage related to temperature without mnd
Wi.~h a combined use of podium naphthalen~ sulphonate ~nci
~oly~t~hylene oxide.
~'~he following r~sult~-were obtained:
Figures 1 to 2~ show several variati~ns ~btained by using a
combined use of a condensed solution of sodium n~phth~.l~ne
sulphoxxat~ salt ( i.dentified process par 1169 ) and a solution
of a mix of p~lye~hylene oxide having the aforeshid mean
~5 molecular weight (identified process ~ND~ 1100), in ~fo~esaid
ex~~pl,~, In those-figures, informat~ons appearing at the
~ left ~f a dark vertical line a~~ without th~, use of
~aphthmlene sulphonate salts) and polyethylene ox~.de, end
information apge'axing ~t the right ''off the d~lrk' v~~tical line
~0, are according to the invention.
T~ ~ T~t .
~S
J ' . ~.~,' 'n . n.; , , ' ~.':~. '~. ~.' , : . , ' : . . . '. , : : , . .. .
. :.".. ' . ~ , ' ,,.. ' .'. . .. . . .~:': . , . . . , . ~, . ;' ' .~.: ;
.'.~'.
5~5..:..."Ilrn ,.n..:':.". .....~...,: . "..:i,:,'. " v.-,:-' r ~..~...'.
.';:.'..... , . '. .. . ....,. . .. ~ ,..'. :.~,' :'.'.' . '. .. . rr,:",'.:..
..... .. . =..: .,...... .
f v:~~.:.,.'.: :: ~:'.' . . ';~'..'.'.,' . ~, ::.::.., ; :.... :.. .~, . ::. ,
.... .: . . . _ , . ....., .;: ~,_'.. ,; ~.,... , ,, r.,. .':~. .. .,'.. .
....
....... ,...., .n ,.. ... .. ~, ~ .. , . ,.. . , ~ . . ~..~ ~ .: , . ,...... .
. .. . , .. ....
'~~ 94/11575 ~crica~~ziooas7
4 v~ ~3~
:. $
i .' "°
TABLE I : aUMMARY OF RESULTS
LTEM PRE-TRIAD TRIAL Gp.x~1
P,unnability Good Good No change
Retention - 30 kg/day 43.4 48.3% -~- 4.9%
- 4~ kg/day 43.4% 50x4% * 7.0,%
Opacity - 45 9/T~2 91.9 92.5 + 0.6
48 9/mZ 93.2 93.8 -~ 0.6
Br~.ghtn~~s 60.6 60.5 - 0,1
E'l~ech con~c~mption 2.09 2:28 0.19
(k~/tonne)
~a~~azi .
capacity 15435 fpm 20077 ~.pm * 4642 Ipm
' cl:oUdy' ~0~1~. 0.098% 0.067 1:03 1%
2 0
clear cony.:' 0.087% 0.050% _ 0,037%
Pump 7~.6 - con~istan~e 0.128% 0.048 ~.0~0%
~
- tonnage 7.87 t/d t/d 5.39 t/d
2.48
8t~s~i usage - dryers 23.5 t/hr 2.48 t/td ~.5 t/hr
si~:o 8 : 7 t/hr 0 t/hr 8 a 7 t/hr
7 : 7 ,7 7 0*,
F'omnat~.on ~PlvUi~,Iif, ~ , .
ibex loges
~~ psm.~ 7 a ~.t/d ~.1t/d 2 y5 t/d -
~r~m mill 17.4 t/d 13.6 t/d 3:8 t/d
to river 3s7 t/d 3a0 t/d 0:7 t/d'
EXCEPT AT ~tETEI~ITIONS t7~7ER 54%
~ ~ eaw
'77 ~..:~:;.. , .:.' ,: ~,:r-: . ; . ..~ .'~'. :-~ . ~ .. .:, .. '...
; -..~; .,:".. ..;...v ... ~:. ::._ ~.. ..... ..:.,
':...-.-~~ .v._ . ' . ' ,. ,:..
...:.
. ,_ . , ~:..
:,o...... . . . , . . ., ... . , .. ..... , .... ........
,.,. ..... - ... . _ . .. ... -, ~
..~.. ..... ..., .. . .... ., . .......: ~.... ..... . .,.:
.r. ~ . .. ... . ... . . . . .. .
.
dV~ 94/11575 A ~~ ~ ~ ,,, PC-1'/CA92/00457
9f
TABLE III : DOSAGE, RETENTLON AND CONSISTENCIES
DOSAGE ~CO~NSTSTENCIES
11,70 1169 RETENTION
~,g/7 Icg/j ~ TOil~s Haad bc~x
0 0 I ~3.~% 0.57% 1.01%
30 300 , 48.3% 0.47% 0.91%
40 e~40 50.4% 0.~3% 4:8?%
'I'~l3hE ~1~ ~ ~R.IGNTNESS 0~'
FINES
Ph E~ N JITLY I 6 . 1: 9 9 2 _
paper Headb~x ~T~:~es
BRTGHTNESS 58:2 56.3 53.2
A,~ - 0 . ~ 8 ~ . n 9 ~, 0 .18
~~;~ , ~ '4 :'?4 ' 3,.'16 ' r
. ~ ~ ~ ~I
' ,r.. .,.:.-._r..-..;.x. ." ;~~". , ......, , .' . '.~..:~. ' , v'~ ~
,,.t~.
.:..:':... : , :.~:~ , ....:..... ___.r , . ..... ~.. ..., , -. ;;.
..;.~ ~ ', -; ~ ' .. , , .:,,. . . . : :: , , ,
..,:
,..; , , , . . .. .. ;;, - , ,,.-.. , .. :,, . . .. ; : ~,~ . . ~ ; ,
. -.., , . _ , .. :...
~1 .: r_. J . ~ ,.:,r. , , r.:~.,.. . ... ,r.... , :~..~, , .. . ,. . .
...
. _ .... ~ .. ~... ,~.. '-. .. ' ..: . .........,r.
; . ...~:,.
.,,
VU~ ~3~i/~ 15'5 P(:T/CA92100487
~, a
w4 ;~
Tt~HL~ ~T ; O~TIC CHARACTERISTICS
ACCORDING TO
h
CHARACTERISTICS ~E~'ORE TRTAL THEIN'V_ENTION .
5 GR..~DE, AVG 2 STO AVG 2 STD
Opacity 48g/m2 93.2 0.36 93.8 0.29
45g/m2 91.9 0.30 92.5 0.32
10 Eri.c~htness 48gjm2 60.5 0.33 60.3 0>30
,~5g/mz 60.7 0.29 60.5 0.22
* The wire consistencies dropped from 0.57% to 0.43%
ar.~d 2.5 t/d ~f fines were retained in the 'sheet
~ ra~h~r than lost to the clarifies yet it only cost
0.9~~$/ton tg recover the brightness Ios~.
Therefare ~ a 0 : 6 point tone opacity gain was achiwe~d on both
~4S g/m~ and ~5 9/m~
~l~~LE Ill : ~IFIITEw~TER ?9.l~TA~EI~EIdT
2 5 PRE-TRII~rL DST
(3FTT~iI NATION
Save-all - d~pacity 15435 Ipan 2tD07?
_ cloudy 'consistency ~0.09~% x~067%
30 - clear c~nsistency 0.0~'~% ~.0~0% .
Pump 257 d Consistency 0.1.SS% ~~0~1%
- tonnage 4.28 t/~ 1.~9 t/j ;
pump 71~ - consistency 0.125% 0.45%
7.87 tjj 2.48 t/j
~- to~iage
~ ~ sRm wm ~ a °m' G"
~~~~~.
VV~ 94/115'75 , PCT~Cr~.9xlooa~7
m
TA~~E ~rzz o FISER ~ossEs
PAPER PIACHINE CLARIFIER CLARZFIER
DATES SE'6~TER FEED EFFLUENT
~~'/D) t'~'/D) ~T/D)
1-15 June 7.6 17,4 ~.7
2~-29 ,dune 6.7 * 14:7 * 3.2 *
Zo
30--15 July 5.1 1~.5 3.0
* Clear vahite ~rat~r afterstart-up.
2 ~ t'F~IaI~' 1~I I I o S"t'F:,~
~dEAS'Uk~I~S
FrCC4aRDTI~TC~
Tf)
THE
2N~1EPITT~N
PRE-TRIAL AFTER OPT~IKI~~TI~N
25 ' 5i3.o t~I~p~ratur~ 56C 5~.5~~
Sil~ et~am S:7 t/h ~ t/h
Drier 'st~~ll~
- ~5 ~r~2 20.4. t/h 21.0 t/~
48 g/~z ~~ 23.5 't/h '
23 t ~ ;
30 T~tal steam
45 g/m2 39:~ t/h 30.Q t/h
4$ g'm2 41.9 t/h 34.7 t~h
T~n sham per ton paper 2.07 1.76
~~~
WAD 94/11595 PCT'/CA92/00487
-..
a
c
' '"~ 12
CONISTENCY .AND RETENTION ON MACHINE
HOUR
DATE CONSISTANCIES DOSAGES
REF RETENTTON 1100 1169
HEAD HOX IRE PIT (Kc~/J)(K~/J)
W
0 16-May 1.070% 0.628 41.3% 0 0
1 17-May 1.072% 0.630% 41.2% 0 a
2 18-May 1.037% 0.597% 42.4% 0 0
3 19-May 1.034% 0.592 42.7% 0 0
4 20-May l.flOfl% 0.595% 40.5% fl 0
5 21-May 1.010% 0.600% 40.6% 0 0
6 22-May 1.016% 0.592% 41.7% 0 0
7 23-May 1. fl4fl~ 0.60fl% 42 . 3% fl 0
8 24-~Ma'y' 1. fl14% fl o 43 a 1% fl 0
577%
9 25-May 1.024% , 0.597% 41.7% 0 0
10 26-May 1.000% 0.563% 43.7% fl
1~1 27-May 1.010% 0.584% 42.2% 0 0
12 fll-Jun 1.fl28% 0.592% 42.4% fl fl
13 fl2sJun 1:008% 0.575% 43.fl% fl ~ fl
14 03~Jun 1.12% 0.57fl% 43.7% fl
~~ ~5~~:un p:993% 0.575% 42:1% 0 fl
l fl6-Jttn d fl . 43 . 2% Q
g 1. 037% 589%
17 fl7Jun 1.fl55% fls625% 40.8% fl
1~ 10-Jun v 1.fl23% 0.570% 44,.3% 0 fl
19 11-Jun 1:058% 0.610% 42.3% 0 0
20 12-Jug 1.fl27% fl.547% 46.7% 0
STOP
21 23-Jun 08:45 Ai~R 0.916% 0.441% 51.9% 0 fl
22 11:3 AID 0.934% 0.470 49.7% fl 0
23 O1:2~ PM 0.964% fl:499% 48.2% 0
2A~ 2~-Jun 08:27 ~I 1.013% 0.590% 41:8% fl 0
25 11:07 AM 1x029% fl.538% 47.7% fl
~6 01:19 ~'M 1.034% 0.557% 46:1% fl fl
27 25-Jun 08036 AM 1.023% 0.594% 42.9% fl 0
2g 1fl:4~2AM 1:~fl08% 0.564% 44.0% , 0 , fl ,;
,2g fl2:18PM 1.013% 0.553% 45.4%
3~ 26_Jun 01:36 PM 0.976% 0:573% 41:3% fl fl
31 lO:fl6AM 0.958% fl.527% 45:0% 0 0
4fl ~2 08:54 AM 0.936% fl:53?% 42.6% ~ 0
'33 29Jun fl1:56PM fl.912% fl:554% 39.3% 0
34 29-,~tln02:OflPM fl.922% 0.501% 45.7% 45 721
35 fl2:3flPM 0.94fl% fl.502% 46.6% 45 721
3~ 03:OflPM fl.922% 0.488% 47.1% 45 691
37 fl3:3flPM fl.926% fl.493% 46.8% 45 655
W~ 941 1575 PC~i'/C~92/00487
~~~'~ ~~'~3
13
38 04:30 PM 0.920% 0.497% 46.0% 45 620
3g 08:30 PM 0.884% 0.412% 53.4% 45 ?35
40 09 00 PM 0 . 884% 0 . 420% 52 . 5% 45 735
41 10:30 PM 0.804% 0.364% 54.7% 45 735
42 11:50 PM 0.836% 0,404% 51.7% 45 735
43 30-Jun 12:30 AM 0.860% 0.384$ 55.3% 45 762
44 Q1 :30 ?~M 0.844% 0.408% 51, .7% 45 762
45 02:30 AM 0:836% 0.424% 49.3% 45 762
46 03:24 AM 0.868% 0.416% 52.1$ 45 811
47 04:30 AM 0.864% 0.404% 53.2% 45 811
48 08:00 AM 0.880% 0.460% 47.7% 45 811
09:30 PaM 0.920% 0.476% 48.3% 45 811
5p 10: 30 .~1M 0 . 912% 0 . 480% 4? . 4% 45 8I1
51 11:30 AM 0.904% 0.468% 48.2% 38 811
IS 52 01:48 PM 0.884% 0.448% 49.3% 38 811
53 02:30 PM 0.90% 0.468% 48.5% 38 676 .
54 03:00 PM 0.904% 0.464% 48.7% 38 '676
55 05:00 PM 0.920% 0.448% 51.3% 62 676
56 08:30 ~M 0.884% 0.440% 50.2% 62 676
57 ~1~:15 PPS 0.880% 0.444% 49.5% 62 676
58 11:15 PM 0.880% 0:426% 51:6% 50 676
0J.-Ju1 12:30 AbI 0:884% 0.438% 50.5% 50 676
~a:~~ 0:896% 0.442% 50.7% 50 676
61 02:30 AM 0:880% 0 % 50 676
0.440% 50.
6~ 03:35 Frog 0.884% 0.436 50.7% 50 676
04:30 AM 0.880% 0:43% 50.2 50 676
6q; 05:25 ~I 0.868% 0.434% 50.0% 50 676
65 08:10 PAM 0.880% 0.458% 48.0$ 50 676
6~5 08:30 AM 0.904% 0.444 50.9% 50 676
6,~ X0:36 ~1,M 0.904% 0.416% 54.0% 48 676
6~ llgq~~ p~ 0.900% 0.428% 52.4% 48 676
~g 01;45 PM 0.916% 0.456% 50:3% 48 6?6
03:00 PM 0.888% 0.436% 50.9% 48 676
~1 . 04:00 PM 0.872% 0.436% 50.0% 35 X76
~2 4~a:00 PIE! 0.872% 0.428% 50.9% 35 676
~
06~0~ FM 0~~92~ 0.44'6% 50.0% 35 : 676 ,,
'
73 08:00 PM 0.896% 0.440% 50.9% 35 6~6
74
75 09:00 PM 0.884% 0.452% 48.9% 35 676
'~ ~,pgl5 QM 0.904% x.448% 50.x% 35 676
'
. 77 10:55 PM 0.880% 0.456% 48.2% 35 76
6
78 02-Jug 12:05 .AM 0.884% 0.44% 49.3% 35 691
79 01:00 ~'I 0.872% 0.436% 50.~% 35 691
80 02:00 AIrI 0.888% 0.442% 50:2% 35 691
gl 02:55 AM 0.892% 0.432% 51.6% 35 608
g2 08:18 AM 0.884% 0.446 49..5% 35 478
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85 11:00 ~M 0.884% 0.440% 50.2% 35 349
86 12:00 PM 0.872% 0.440% 49.5% 35 349
g7 01:57 PM 0.836% 0.426% 49.0% 35 349
03:00 PM 0.824% 0.418% 49.3% 35 349
8B 04:10 PM 0.816% 0.424% 48.0% 35 349
8g 05:00 PM 0.840% 0.406% 5I.7% 35 34~
g0 06:00 PM 0.848% 0.432% 49.1% 35 34g
gl 06:45 PM 0.828% 0.408% 50.7% 35 349
92 08:50 PM 0.828% 0.376% 54.6% 35 349
g3 09:55 PM 0.844% 0.406% 51.9% 35 349
94 11:00 PM 0.836% 0.414% 50.5% 35 349 .
.
95 03-~~tl:12:00 AM 0.832% 0.400% 51.9% 35 349
96
01:00 l~M 0.828% 0.408% 50.7% 35 349
97 02:00 AM 0.844% 0.420% 50.2% 35 349
g8 03:00 AM 0.856% 0:434% 49.3% 35 386
gg ~4:00 g1M 0.868% 0.430% 50.5% 35 386
100 04:54 ~M 0.864% 0.428% 50.5% 35 386
101 08:10 ~I 0.840% 0.426% 49.3% 35 386
102 ~ 0.828% 0.426% 48.6% 35 386
Qg~Oa
103 TEME . 0.428% 48.6% 35 386
10:18 PIM 0:832%.
104 1Z:15 ~M 0:844% 0.424% 49.8% 35 3~~
105 ~~~, 12:20 PI~d 0.856% 0.426% 50.2% 35 386
X
06 56 04:20 PM 0.868% 0.426% 50.9 35 386
~7 ~5 06:25 PT~I 0.880% 0.436% 50.5% 35 386
108 53 07:45 PM 0.892% 0.40% 50.7% 35 386
~ 5
i : 08:55 PM 0,888% 0.440% 50.5 35 386
g 5~.5
110 5 10:04 PM 0.?84% 0.382% 51:3% 35 386
x'2
p x.11 . 11:13 PI~2 0.860% 0.418% 51a4~ 35 386
11 5
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3 2 . 0.446% 50.4% 35 386
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0.892%
313IT
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5 02:20 1~M 0.896%
52
114 . 04s10 P~M 0.892% 0.458% 48.7% 35 386
53
115 53 06:00 FPM 0.904% 0.454% 49.8% 35 386
1
~ 16 5 07:5'7 PaM 0.900 0.464% 48.4% 35 386
52
3 X17 . ~~~~5,5 .0;'.912% 0.4'~~% 4800% '35 386
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5
. 10:05 FPM 0.932% 0.474% 49.1% 35 386
52
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54
112 - 02:15 PM 4.928% 0.483% 48x0% 35 372
121 54 05:00 PM 0.932% 0.472% 49.4% 35 372
40 122 908% 0.468% 48.~~ 35 372
07:27 PM 0
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127 53.5 02:25 A.M 0.944% 0.448 52.5% 35 372
128 54 04:03 ANd 0.952% 0.490% 48.5% 35 372
129 54 05:05 AM 0:920% 0.484% 47.4% 35 372
130 53.5 07:05 AM 0.944% 0.472% 50.0% 35 3?2
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132 55 20:50 AM 0.952% 0.496% 47.9% 35 372
133 55 02:30 PM 0.988% 0.502'x' 49:2% 34 372
5 134 5 04:30 PM 0.988% 0.494% 50.0% 33 301
135 54 07:15 PM 0.984% 0.482% 51.0% 32 301
10 136 54 08:25 PM 0.980% 0.480% 51.0% 31 301
137 53 09.36 PM 0.948% 0.490% 48:3 30 301
138 53 11:47 PM 0.996% 0.498% 50.0% 29 301
139 6 JUIL Ox..:.12 d.~M 0.996%0.492% 50.6% 28 301
140 54.5 0~2':55 .AM 0.964%0.488% 49.4% 27 301
15 141 54 04:04 AM 0:948% 0.496% 47.7% 26 301
142 05:30 AM 0.968% 0,492% 49.2% 25 301
143 ~ 55 07115 ~M 0.960% 0.488% 49.2% 25 X301
144 10:30 ~I 0.964% 0.498% 48.3% 25 301
1e~5 11:30 AM x.932% 0:492% 47.2% 25 301
146 02:05 pM 0:920 0.486% 47.2% 25 30~
1.4? 04x15 PM 0.900% 0.468% 48.0% 25 301
148 08'20 PM 0.832% 0.428% 48.6% 25 301
149 09:20 PM 0:918% 0.455% ,50.4% 25 301
150 54 11::04 PM 0.936% 0.479% 48.8% 25 30I
151 7 JUIL 12:30 PsM 0.952% 0.514% 46:0% 25 30~.
, 152 X4:5 01:34'AM 0.924% 00511% 44.x% 25 301
. 54 03:30 PrM 0.91% 0.506% 44:x% 25 COI
153
154 0422, 0950%: 0.50% 47.4% 25 301
X55 54 ~5:35 PeM 0:9.44% 0:515% 45.4% 25 301
156 07:00 AM ~:932$ 0.500 45.5% 25 301
157 54 07:49'AM Oe93S% 0.5~5~ 46,0% 25 301
leg ~9:12 AM 0.896% 0.484% 46,0% 25 301
159 1t~:00 AM:0:928% 0.474% 48:9% 25 301
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,
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163 08:10 PM 0.992% 0.517 47.9% 25 301
164 54:5 10:09 PM 0.916% 0.447% ' 51.2% 25 301
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6
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0.952%
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8 04:15 P1M 0
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175 52 03:55 l~.T~I0.886% 0.459$ 48: 2 20 301
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176 52 05:04 ~1M0.958% 0.483% 49.6$ 20 301
177 06:25 A,M0.942% 0.481% 48.9 20 301
178 5'2 07:28 AM 0.944% 0.480% 49.2 25 301
1?9 10:06 AM 0.944% 0.485% 48.6$ 25 301
180 11:52 AM 0.946% fl.496% 47.6% 25 390
181 01:43 PM 0.940% 0.485% 48.4% 25 390
182 05:54 PM 0.950% 0.483% 49.1% 25 3~0
183 07:00 PM 0.956% 0.493% 48.4% 25 390
184 53.5 09:34 pM 0.818% 0.395% 51.7% 25 390
185 53.5 11:OO PM 0:918% 0.449% 51.1% 25 390
186 53 12:00 .FPM0:952% 0.510% 46:4% 25 390
187 53 01:04 ~I 0.960% 0.513% 46.6% 25 390
1.88 53.5 02:06 P1M0:942% 0.495% 47.5% 25 390
189 53:5 03:25 AM 0:938% 0.490% 47x8% 25 3g0
1g0 53.5 04:33 ~i 0.936% 0.478% 48.9$ 25 390
lgl 53.5 05:36 ~I x.944% 0.484% X8:7% 25 390
192 5~ 06:30 0.952% 0.486% 48.9% 30 390
193 53 07:34 1~M0.934% 0.475% 49.1% 35 390
~g4 52:5 09:00 ~NI0.824% 0.392% 52:x% 29 390
195 IO JtJIL10:50 ~I x.894% 0.443% 50:4% 28 390
196 02:54 PM O.B56% 0.440% 48.6% 28 390
197 04x33 ~I~0.848% 0.427% 4g.6% 2~ 390
1.g8 52:5 09:25 PM 0.878% 0.456% 48.1% 28 390
lgg 53 10:20 PM 0.876% 0.461% 4?.~% 28 390
200 53 11:39 PM 0.880% 0.465% 47:2% 28 390
201 52 . 12 l~hl0. X84% 0.466 47 .3% 28 390
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204 11 JUTL 05:01 PvM0.882% 0.461% ~?.7% 28 390
205 5~1 . 06 ~1M0 . 864%0 . 458% 47 . 2~ 390
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208 09:45 AM 0.916% 0.4??% 47.9% 28 390
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210 02:40 PM 0.477% 47:4% 28- 390
0.906%
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0.908%
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213 52.5 12:12 0.493% 46.3% 28 390
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215 52 02:37 0.481% 46.3% 28 390
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17
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218 52 05:52 RM 0.876% 0.463% 47.1% 28 292
219 52.5 06:55 AM 0.878% 0.461% 47.5% 30 292
220 07:55 AM 0.892$ 0.458% 48,7% 30 292 ,
221 09:15 AM 0.880$ 0.466$ 47.00 30 531
222 10:25 AM 0.874$ 0.461$ 47.3$ 30 531
223 11:30 ~NI 0.844$ 0.428$ 49.3$ 30 531
224 12:25 PM 0.854$ 0.447$ 47.7$ 30 531
225 01:35 PM 0:882% 0.450% 49.0% 30 531
226 02:35 PM 0.870% 0.460% 47.1% 30 531
227 03:40 PM 0.~?8% 0.458% 47.8% 30 531
228 X4:20 PM 0.866$ 0.457$ 4'i.2$ 30 531
22~ 05:25 PM 0:848% 0.44?% 47.3% 30 531
1
230 52.5 08:00 PM 0.880% 0.473% 46.3% 30 531
231 S2 09115 PM 0.862% 0.460% 46.6% 30 531
232 52.5 10:23 PM 0.878% 0.466% 46.9% 30 531
233 11:20 PM 0.882 0.468% 46.9%, 30 531
234 52.5 12:20 ~T 0.8?6% 0.462% 4'7.3% 30 531
23 13 JUIL 01:25 ~I 0:874% Oa472% X6.0%, 30 531
5
236 52 02:33 AM 0:894% 0.476% 46.8% 30 531
2g7 52 03:34 ~1M 0.888% 0:486% 45:3% 30 531
238 52 04:36 P.M 0.882% 0:472% 46.5% 30 53a
239 52 05:34 ~M 0.880% 0.471% 46.5% 30 531
240 52 06:35 ~'I 0.8?8% 0.4?3% 46.1% 30 337
241 52 07 ~ 35 ~i Q . 0. 478% 46 .5.% 30 33?
894%
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243 10:36 PAM 0.914% 0.469% 48.7% 30 33?
244- 11:48 ~1M 0.924% 0:484% 47.6% 30 337
245' 11:5 0.928% 0.544% 45.7% 30 337
246, 12;0 PM 0.962% 0.514 46.6% 30 X37
247 12:30 P1K 4:962% 0.510% 47.0% 30 337
248 02:52'PM 0:958% 0.474% 50.5 30 337
249 03:04 PM 0x946% 0.484% 48:8% 30 337
25~y 03:16 Pd~i 0.966%0.483% 50.0% 30 337
25I 03:30 PM 0.930% 0.488% 47:5% 30 337
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253 5 08:10 PM 0.922% 0.466 49.5 30 337
2
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2~5 52 10:25 PIE 0.924% 0.477% 48.4% 30 337
256 52 11:30 PM 0.950% 0.488% 48x6% 3~ 337
257 14 JUII, 0.472% 49.1% 30 33?
12:33
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259 ~1 .. 03:25 AM 0.914%0.472% 48.4% 30 337
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261 51 06:38 AM 0.948% 0.482% 49.2$ 20 337
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263 09:00 AM 0.956% 0.535% 44.0% 10 337
264 14:00 AM 0.950% 0.485% 48.9% 25 337
265 07:38 AM 0.904% 0.485$ 46.3% 30 337
26b 01:30 PM 0:928 0.481% 48.2% 30 337 ..
267 03:15 PM 0.902% 0.465% 48.4 30 337
268 0:882% 0.481% 45.5% 30 337
69 51 08:00 PM 0.886% 0,460% 48.x.% 30 337
2
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270
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'1WC~ 94/11575 ~'C'T/CA9~/00~857
19
S~IVEI~Ia~ TEST ~tEStILTS
DATE HOUR IN FLOW CLOUDY VACU-
CLOUDY
CLEAR
CLEAR
THICK-
VACU-
klf~in WATER UM REMARKS
WATER
HATER
HATER
SHED
UM
no no 2 no nu PULP no.1no.2
1 1 2
16.0 1.041%>0.110%0.114% 0.192%0.139%3.216%25 24
22 MAY 15.4 1.026%0.111% 38 36
0.11T'f.
0.143%
0.083%
3.853%
2 ,JUNE 15.0 1.040%D.056%0.079Y. 3.?00%
0.061%
0.028%
p 9 JUNE 15.3 0.888%0.095%0.094% 0.094% 3.074%36 34
0.039%
15.4 0.992%0.09810.08Ti.
4 JULY 15:120.0 0.714%0.086%0.096% 0.056%0.070% 33 35
5
5 1:30 20.0 0.756%O:O7b%0.088% ,0.056%0.060% 3b 35
?:30 20.0 0.710%0:080%0.084% 0.040%0.0722 32 33
1 5 1b:15 20.3 0.'52%D.078%0.090% 0.072%0.082%2.800%38 40 y
2D:52 20.1 0:67b%0.0?2%0.081% 0.044!Ø044%3.60D%38 35
6 0:17 20:1 1.104%0.090'/Ø084% BREAKAGE3.530%21 31 DURING BREAKAGE
3:50 20.1 0.69i3h%Qd090%Q:084% 0.060%0.070%3,620 30
To40 20:1 0.816%O:0729:0.104% '0.0b8%0.086%3:920%
14:2Q 19.2 0.963%0:070%0.072% 0.052y0.Ob4%2.810%35 33
22:12- 18.3 fr.954%0:063%O.Qbb% 0.054%0:056%3.800%33 29
7 2x07 D:D 0.8b4X0;~7b%O.OTbX 0.058%O.OT2%3:760%25 2t~
'' Sa55 193 0.844%O,OOb%0.080x 0:062%0.050%3.480%33 25
8 0:00 18:6 0.Tb4%O.D64%0.07b% 0.054%0.052%3.b40%34 30
,'Z 5 11x00 20:0 0.678%0.054%O:Ob2% 0.04(i/0:048%2.42D%
'21:50 18.b 0.02%0.038td0.050% 0.032%0.014%2.9648%24 20 SEW AFTER
9 1:42 l~:b 0.T62XO.Ob4%0:050% 0.056%0.034%3.5811%31 24
6x50, 20.0 0:696%0.074%O.OTO% O.OSb%0.040%3.000%34 24
22:07 ' 19:1 0.?28%0.054%O.Ob2% 0.048%0.058%2:90% 2~ 22
2:35 19:4 0.8~b%0:068%0.064% 0.04b%0.054%3:140%35 24
7x15 20.0 Oeb44%0:062%0.066% 0:044%Oa044%3.b20%37 24
22:45 ' 20.0 0:~60%O.OT4%0.068% O.ObZX0.054%3:740%39 23
11 2x415 20:0 0:950%0.06b%0.074% 0:04b7:O:aS~3.140%3~ 21
b:50 20:5 0.798%'0.010%0.074% 0.054%0:042%3.760%37 19
'!2 1:20 20.5 0:880%~,0.074%'0:070%r 0:062%2.820%r'3317.'.
0:470% '
6:15 20.0 1:038%0:056%0.05b% 0.048%n:052%3.500!~0 22
23:'i0 20.0 0.010%~:050%0.048% 0.038%0.038%3.700%2~
13 3:05 20:0 0.632%0.070%0.076% 0.052%0.056%3.440%24
6x50 20.0 0:x.4%O.OT4%0.076% 0.048%0.044'1.3:960%36 2b
~ Q 20x15 24:0 0:850%0.010%0.070% 0.046%0:03~%3.100%42 27
14 0:90 20.0 0.?60%0:054%O.ObO% 0.028%0.028%3.3~% 40 ~b
5:4D 2D:D 0.998%0.D6b%0.074% O.ObD%0.074%3:610%36 26
20125 ZD.O O.TbB%D.D6D%0.074% O.DSbYØ068%3.300%35 24
1b 21:42 19.D D:732'/D.D4D% D.D30% 35 22
D.Q4b% 3.300%
O.D30%
9T 2:25 19.0 0.790%0.050% O.D4b% 29 25
0.054% 3:b2T/
0.028%
b:15 20.0 D.780%0.060% 0.058%: 34 32
O.Ob6%. 3.800%
0.048%
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