Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
_ _ 93/25650 - 21~JC~Y1 P~ S93/65429
. ~ ~
VISCOSI~TY-A:DJUSTED SURFACTANT CONCENTRXTE COMPOSITIONS
~his application is a continuation-in-part -
: application:of U.~S. Serial No. 07/644,470 :filed
January ~18~, 19:91 (;Attorney Docket M 4794A): which is in
: turn~a continuation application of U.S.~Serial No.
~ 07/406,~g92~filed:~September 14, 1989 ~Attorney Docket
M~4794)~, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated
by raference.~ Serial No. 07/406,992 was filed;as ~;
International:Application No. PCT/US90/04989 on
`August~31,~ 1990, ànd~published~as International
10 :~Ptiblication No~.`WO91/04313 on April 4, 1991.
ACXGROUND~OF THE~TNVE~TION ~ `
Field of the Invention ~i
The inventioh herein relates to a viscosity-adjusted
surfactant concentrate oomposition, particularly to a 3
: flowable, pumpable, stable surfactant concentrate
consisting essent~ally~of a mixture of an alkylpolygly-
,;, ~ : :
: coside surfactant, an anionic or amphoteric surfactant
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
W O 93/25650 ~ 1 3 5 6 ~ PC~r/US93/05429
.~
~~ 2
and an effective amount of a viscosity-adjusting agent.
As indicated in U.S. Serial No. 07/406,992 noted
above, anionic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants are
known materials. In a manufacturing or shipping
operation it is desirable in handling the surfactants r
that they be flowable, pumpable and stable at a viscosity
to-avoid difficulty in processing or shipping the
compositions. However, at high concentrations of the
anionic or amphoteric surfactants (above 25, and higher,
30 or~40% to about 8~% concentrations by weight in water)
.
- - the viscosity rapidly increases and forms gels.
Accordingly, it has been necessary to provide low
viscosities for processing and shipping that the
so1utions~of the~anionio or amphoteric surfactant be very
- ~ 1s~ dilute;~or~have added~thereto, agents which reduce the
viscosity.~ Very dilute solutions are objectionable and
undesirable from a s~ipping standpoint, as a large amount
of~water~results in high~freight and shippi~ng costs which
must be borne~by the customer.
lo~ 1t~is~acoord$ng1y~important and~desirable that a
means be~;provided~for preparing highly~concentrated
compositions in water of~anionic or amphoteric
surfactants which~are flowable, pumpable, pourable and
~i ~stable on storage,
Statement of Related Art
Alcohols, such as ethanol, have been employed in
attempts to roduce the viscosity. Nowever, alcohols
introduce a flammabi}ity prob~}em requiring additional
,~
~ :~: SUBSTITUTE SHEET
:- W093/25650 - 21~ S ~ ~ 1 PCT/US93/05429
precautions and care in handling.
United States Patent 4,488,981 discloses that the
addition of alkyl mono and polyglucosides having alkyl
groups with six (6) carbon atoms or less in the alkyl
s group, to aqueous liquid detergents mixtures of anionic
or anionic and nonionic surfactants in water reduces the
viscosity of the mixture. The patent discloses in
Table III, that highly viscous, unpourable gels are
obtained in water with no additive and also illustrates
o the use of ethyl alcohol to provide a highly fluid,
- easily pourable detergent. With a higher alkyl (8 to 20
carbon) polyglycoside the mass remains a highly viscous,
unpourable mass. The anionic surfactants include the
sulfates, sulfonates, carboxylates and phosphates, while
- .
the nonionic surfactants are the ethoxylated alcohols,
phenols, carboxylic esters or amides.
-It is also known that the addition of
alkylpolyglycosides to a phosphate-built aqueous crutcher
. .
slu~ry can reduce the viscosity of the slurry (U.S.
4,675,127). United~States Patent Application Serial No.
07/260,646~discloses that the addition~of an
alkylpolyglycoside~and an alkali metal chloride to a
carbonate containing crutcher slurry, reduces the
, viscosity of the slurry. A crutcher slurry is a mixture
containing minor amounts of surfactant materials and
-~ large amounts of detergent builders and fillers. Thus, a
crutcher slurry is not a concentrate consisting
essentially of surfactants, but rather a slurry of
~ !
,
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
Wo93/25650 2 1 3 5 6 9 ~ PCT/~S93/0s429 ;
particulate material eomprising anionic surf actants,
builders, fillers and other solid materials which are
used in detergent formulations.
On the other hand, U.S. Patent 4,732,696 deseribes
5 that the addition of an alkyl glycoside and ammonium
ehloride to an aqueous liquid detergent formulation can
increase the viseosity of the formulation. U.S. Patent
Applieation Serial No. 07/353,723 discloses that the
addition of an alkylpolyglycoside and an alkali metal
0 chloride within a eritieal range inereases the viscosity
- of eértain liquid sulfosuecinate detergent compositions.
Another patent describing an inerease in viscosity
is U.S. Patent 4,668,422. The patent deals with liquid
hand-soap or bubble bath compositions and illustrates the
viseosifying effeet (viscosity inereaSe) of the addition
~ of a small a ount of ammonium ehloride to a mixture
- eontaining an alkylpolyglycoside, a betaine, and a fatty
- -- :
~ amine oxide or ~atty amide in a eomposition whieh -
! r;
~eontains a water eontent preferably from about 70 to
~ 2D : about 95% vith a total solids or non-volatile eontent of
-~ about 5 to about 30, preferably l0 to 20%.
U.S. Patent 4,839,098, discloses a liquid
dishwashing detergent eonsisting essentially of a dialkyl -~
~, - sulfosueeinate and an alkyl glucoside. Viscosity
regulators are mentioned generally whieh inelude urea,
. ,:.
sodium ehloride, ammonium ehloride, magnesium ehloride
and sodium eitrate, without diseussion of the effeet
thereof. Eaeh of the examples inelud- a substantial
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
W093/2~650 2 1 3 5 fi ~ 1 PCT/USg3/05429 .
.
amount of an alcohol, such as isopropanol or ethanol,
which as noted earlier, has been used to reduce
viscosity
U S Patent 3,9s4,679 describes the use of water-
soluble inorganic salts, such as~sodium chloride, for
~; viscosity reduction of an alpha-olefin sulfonate
detergent composition At column 13, lines 40-45, the
liquid detergents are made thinning the crutcher mix
further with;an~aqueous~alcoholic medium (equal~parts of
0~ ethanol~ànd water)~and further including a hydrotrope
~ such~as~sodium = e sulfonate In Example 3 a variety
of materials are discussed to be used instead of the
halide~salt~, s~ome of whic~ increase and some of which
decrease~the viscos~ity~or~have little~effeot on the
15~ ~ gelation~or~viscosity characteristios~
ln view~of~the~foregoing, the~a~rt-described above
shows~that~the~addition~Qf~materials, such as sodium
chloride,~ s unp edictab~le ;In ome cases, dependent on
the specific~surfaotants, end-use applications, other
';20~ materials~r ~ ired,~and~the 1ike,;the~material is used to
increas- the~viscosi~ty~and~in other circumstances to
decsea~e~the~;~Yisco ity
Detailed~escri~tion of the invention j~
' Other than in~the operating examples, or where
25 ~ ~otherwise~indicated, all~numbers expressing quantities of
ingredients~or reaction conditions used herein are to be
understood as modified in ali instance- by the term
about " ~ ~
.
-~" ,:,: ~
~ ~ SUBSTITUTE SHEET
"~
w093~25650 ~13 à ~ 4 1 ~ PCT/US93/05429
It has now been discovered that highly concentrated
surfactant compositions may be prepared by mixing an
anionic or amphoteric surfactant and an
alkylpolyglycoside surfactant with an effective amount of
s a viscosity-adjustment agent to provide an aqueous
surfactant concentrate having a viscosity to provide a
flowable, pourable, pumpable and storage stable
composition.
By "concentrate" as used herein is meant a
;~ lo composition in which the total concentration of active
~ surfactant (anionic, amphoteric and alkylpolyglycoside)
is from about 30% to about 90% by weight, more desirably ~-
from about 40 to about 85%, and preferably about 45 to
about~80%~ by weight. ~ ~
15 ~ ;As~the viscous, paste-like mixture or gel forms when
anionic~or~amphoteric surfactants are present at
- ~ :
- concentrations of about 30% by weight and higher, the
anionic or amphoteric surfactant will comprise~about 30%
;or more of the~surfactant in the composition, with the
~- ~ 20 ~ alkylpolyglycoside surfactant comprising the remainder of
the~total~concentration of~surfactant in the composition. - i
- In~the~parent applications~(U.S. Serial Nos.
. ~ :
07/644,470 and 07/406,992) from which the present
application is derived, the alkylpolyglycoside was
2s employed, in combination with an alkali metal chloride to
reduce the viscosity of the anionic or amphoteric
,; ~
-~ surfactant composition, in an amount from about 0.1 to
about 10% by weight of the total composition of anionic
~ SUBSTITUTE SHEET
,
W O 93/25650 ~ ~ 1 3 ~ 6 4 ~ Pc~r/US93/05429
or amphoteric surfactant, water, and the -
alkylpolyglycoside metal chloride mixtures
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention,
the alkylpolyglycoside surfactant is preferably present '
in higher amounts than in ehe parent application noted
above, and may comprise up to about 70 of the total
active surfactant composition The ratio by weight of
.:
alkylpolyglycoside to anionic or amphoteric surfactant
present will preferably be on the order of about 3 1 to
lo about~1 l0 Most preferred embodiments of the invention
- - contain a ratio of polyglycoside to anionic or amphoteric
.. :,
surfactant of about l l to about l S l ,-
-The amount of viscosity-adjusting agent employed -
~wi~ll be det-rmined by the nature of the surfactants,
nature~of the viscosity-adjusting agent, and the
viscosity whioh is desired or required, with ~mounts as
; low~as~about 0 1%~by weight being effective in some cases
with up to~about lOS by w ight of the total composition
being necessary;in others~ P~referably from about O S to
0 ~ about ~ and ~ost preferably fro~ about 0 7S to about 3 `~
As~the;resulting concentrate~has a high surfactant
concentration, the~a~ount of~water therein is small
, resulting~in lower freight and shipping costs to the
customer Since thé concentrate is flowable and
i
~ pourable, the cu8tomer, generally a formulator, can
;~ ~ easily formulate the product for various end-use
applications by merely dilutinq the concentrate to the
.. ~: ,,;
, , .:
, ................................................................................ ..
SUBSTITUTE SHEEl~
2 1 3`.~ ~ ~ 1 PCT/US93/05~29
desired level and adding the adjuvants usually employed
for the particular end-use f~rmulation. Since the
concentrate need not contain any alcohol, particularly
flammable alcohols, such as the lower alkanols tl-4
s - carbons), the customer need not take extraordinary ~-
precautions. In the preferred embodiments of the present
invention, the concentrate is accordingly completely free
of any monohydric alcohol, such as the lower alkanols;
however, small amounts of monohydric alcohols may be
o present. Further, in another preferred embodiment,
~ dihydric alcohols, such a~s the glycols, particularly
polyethylene glycol, may be present to aid in clarity, as
well as some viscosity adjustment.
.
The anionlc surfactants :which are employed in a
s large number of end-use applications, ar- generally
highly irritative to the skin. However, the
alkylpolyglycoside surfactants present in the
concentrate, particularly when employed in large amounts,
i.e. abovo 10%, and preferably above about 25 or 30% of
~ the active surfàctant in the concentrate, renders the
; formulated~products no longer highly irritative to the
:~ ~ skin, and;accordingly the concentrate finds special
utility for formulation into cosmetic, particularly
, . .
personal skin care products and applications, where mild
or non-irritative properties are desirable, such as
~ " ~
shampoos, foam baths, hand soaps, hair conditioners, ~`
facial cleansers and the like~ Thus, the concentrates of
-: :
~ the present invention offer formulation ease with the
' ~ I
: :
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
W O 93/25650 - ~ 1 3 5 6 ~ 1 PC~r/US93/05429
.. `` :
g
good properties of the anionic and~or amphoteric
surfactant and further offering mildneæs to skin and
eyes
- The anionic surfactants include any of the
surfactants commonly classified as anionic surfactants
These surfactants include the alkali metal, ammonium and
magnesium salts of~the alpha olefin sulfonates, alkyl
sulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, alkyl aryl ether
~-~ sulf`ates, alkyl sulfates, a}kyl ether sulfates, sulfated
o alcohols~and sulfated alcohol ethoxylates, taurates,
petroleum~sulfonates, alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, alkyl
sarcosinates and the alkyl sulfosuccinates in which the
alkyl group~is a long~ohain 8 to 22, preferably 10-18,
carbon~atom~group~and~the aryI group is preferably phenyl
~or~naphthyl~ ypical surfactants which fall within the
above desGriptlon~include~sodium~lauryl sulfonate,
ammonium~lauryl sulfonate,~ammonium lauryl sulfate,
;dodecyl~benzen~ sul~fonate,~sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium
laureth~sulfate,;~sodium lauryl~ether;~sulfate, sodium
'-~ 20~ 1àuryl~-~myr;istyl sulrate,~diethanolàmine lauryl sulfate,
ammonium~salts of;sulfated~alcohol ethoxylates, sodium
coc~yl~isethionate, sodium N-mèthyl-N-oleyl taurate,
sodium N-methyl-N-cocoyl tàurate, tri-thanolamine lauryl
sulfate, disodium monooleamide PEG-2 su}fosuccinate,
25~ ~ petro}eum sulfonates sodium salt, alkyl naphthalene
sodium sulfonates, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, and sodium
alkyl sulfosuccinate
The amphoteric surfactants include the betaines, the
' .
~: ~ `
S UE~STITIJT F .~ u ~ c .
W093/256SO ~ PCT/~Sg3/05429
2 1 3 5 6 ~
sultaines, the imidazoline derivatives and the like.
Typieal amphoteric surfactants include ~ ¦
rieinoleamidopropyl betaine, cocamidopropyl betaine, ¦
oleyl betaine, stearyl betaine, stearyl amphocarboxy
~ 5 glyeinate, sodium lauraminopropionate, cocoamidopropyl 1-
- ~ hydroxy sultaine, disodium lauryliminodipropionate,
tallowiminodipropionate, coeoampho- carboxy glyeinate,
coeoimidazoline earboxyIate, lauric imidazoline
monoearboxylate, lauric imidazoline dicarboxylate, lauric
myristic betaine, eocoamidosulfobetaine,
alkylamidophospho betaine and the like.
The aliphatic polyglyeosides (alkylpolyglycosides)
are k~nown eompositions and can be prepared by the method
diselosed in U.S. 4,713,447, which~is~ineorporated herein
~by referenee. In co~monly assigned, U.9.; application
Se~rial~No.~07~774,430,;fi1ed~0etober 10, 1991, also
ine~orporated herein~by reference, there is described a
number~of U.S~.~patents and published European patent
applieations~deseribing tXe pr-paration of
2a ~ alkylpo1yglyeosides~and their end-use app1ications. In
general,~these~deserib- a method~of preparation
eomprising~th ~r aetion~of a~r dueing saecharide, e.g.,
an aldose or ketose saecharide, or~source thereof, with a
long ehain (8-18 earbons) alcohol in the presence of an
~ acid eatalyst to form a glycoside, commonly referred to
, ~
as an~alky1~glyeoside or alkylpo1yglyeaside. After `~
removal of th-~residual unreàeted~a}eohol, the produet
- typieally eontains the monoglycoside of the long chain
:: SUBSTITUTE SHEET
- .
W093/25650 213 ? fi l1 i PCT/US93/05429 -
11 '
alcohol as the predominant glycoside molecular species on
a mole percentage basis and the various higher degree of
polymerization (DP) long chain alcohol polyglycoside
species in progressively decreasing mole percentage
5 amounts or proportions principally from DP2 through DP10
glycosides.
In commercial practice, depending on process
economics and the properties of the desired
alkylpolyglycoside product, a variety of fatty alcohol
reactants may be selected for the reaction. These
- ~ alcohols include mono alcohols, i.e., those having
primarily a single alkyl chain, binary alcohol mixtures, !A
i.e., having primarily two different alkyl chains of
different carbon chain lengths,~and even ternary
~1S mixtures. Binary mixtures of alcohols are available
, :
~ co ercially from natural sources as well as synthetic
;~ techniques and are employed commercially for the
production of~the corresponding mixtures of
alkylpolyglycos~ides. Especially important binary alcohol
mixtur-s~include the C8-clo ~ C10-C~2 ~ C12-C14 ~ and C~6-C18
where~the alkyl groups are derived from naturally
- occurring fats and oils. Important ternary mixtures '~
include the Cl2-C14-Cl6 or Cl0-Cl2-Cl~ alcohols. ~he oxo
alcohol te¢hnology is also employed which provides
2s mixturés containing an odd number of carbon atoms in the
alkyl chain, for example an oxo alcohol composed of a
mixture of Cg, Cl0 and Cll alcohols or C12 and Cl3 as well.
Other synthetic alcohols may be provided by Ziegler ~~
r
~ SUBSTITUTE SHEET
W093/2~6s0 PCT/US93/05429
æl3~
12
Chemistry in which ethylene is added to a
triethylaluminum, which is then oxidized to an alkoxide,
which is subsequently converted tota mixture of linear
alcohols
The aliphatic polyglycoside surfactants useful in
the practice of the present invention are nonionic
surfaotants of the formula RO(RlO)~G, wherein R, the
residue of the alcohol, is an alkyl or alkenyl group
~having~from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms and~
o ~pref-rably;from about~lO~to 18 carbon atoms ~The
aliphatic group can~be alkyl or alkenyl but is preferably
unbranched alkyl As used in the present invention, the
phrase alkylpolyglycoside is intend-d to encompass both
thé~alkyl~and~alkenyl~polyglycosides~ ~ Rl~is an alkyl
s~ group~h ~ ~Z~or 3 carbon at s,~m is a number from 0 to
10 and~pr~e ~ ly 0 ~ Wh-n m is 0,~the formula for the
~glycoside~product of~the~reaction o~ an al¢ohol and ~
saccharide~is~then~represent-d by the formula ROGr~ where
R is~-as~defined above, Q~is oxygen,~G is the residue of a
20 ~redu¢ing saccharide~and r~is~the~average~degree of
polymerization~of the~sa¢charide~(DP);resulting from the
~ ;various~mono,~di~ tri~ and~higher glycoside fractions
- ~ present in~the product and i9~typically greater~than 1,
i~ i e , from about 1 05, to about 3 The monoglycoside
~2s ~ ~frwtion~would have one saccharide ring, the diglycoside
would~bav 2,~ the triglycoside would hav- 3 witb the
high-r glycoside having corresponding more rings, the
av-rage of which in the~product therefore being typica}ly
~ 2
: ~ SUBSTITUTE SHEET
W093/25650 ~ 213: S~1~ PCT/US93/05429
13
greater than about 1, generally in the order of about 1.2
to about 2.8, with preferred mixtures at about 1.4 to
about 2.5.
The alkylpolyglycoside products represented by the
formula above contain a lipophilic group, the R group,
and a hydrophilic group, the OG~ group. For detergent
surfactant end-use applications, the product preferably
has a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (NLB) of from about
10 to about 16, most preferably about 11 to about 14.
lo The lipophilic R groups in the alkylpolyglycosidès
- are accordingly de~rived from alcohols, preferably
monohydric, which should contain from about 6 to about
20, preferably about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, to
provide~lR~groups~of suf~ficient length for detergent
~surfactant use~applications. While the preferred R
:` :
group8~ar ~saturated, aliphatic or alkyl groups, the~e
- may~be~p #sent some unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon
group~ Thus, the;~preferred groups are~derived~from the
fatty alcohols derived from~naturàlly~oocurring fat and
;~ 20 ~ oils, such~as octyl;, de¢yl,~dodeayl,~tetradecyl,
;hexadecyl,~oct~decyl, oleyl and linoleyl, but R groups
may~be~derived from~;synthetically-produced Ziegler
~` alcohols~or oxo alcohQls~containing 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,
14,1 or 15 carbon atoms. The alcohols of naturally ~,~
25 ; occurring fatty acids typically contain an even number of
oarbon atoms and mixtures of alcohols are commercially
r
available such as mlxtures of C8 and Cio, Cl2 and Cl~, and
the~like. Synthetically-produced alcohols, for example
.
SlJ8STlTUTE SHEET
W O 93/256~0 - P(~r/US93/05429213564:~ ;
14
those produced by an oxo process, contain both an even
and an odd number of carbon atoms such as the Cg, C10, C
mixtures of which are also available commercially
,
The alkylpolyglycosides may contain a single R group
s derived from an individual single alcohol, or may be
derived from commercially available mixtures of alcohols,
either naturally occurring or synthetically produced
alcohols, to provide a binary or ternary mixture having 2
:
or more differing alkyl groups Mixtures of individual
~10 single alkylpolyglycosides may be mixed to provide binary
- or ternary mixtures to result in an av rage carbon chain
length of the alkyl moiety for a desired HLB for a
desired end-use application Similarly mixtures of
co -ercia~lly available binary or ternary
15~ alkylpolyglycosid~e~mixtures may be further mixed to reach
a~predétermin-d~desired average carbon chain l-ngth of
the~alXyl;~moiety Thus, in addition to mixtur-s of
ingl-~alkyl group~polyglycosides, -ixtures of binary
compo ents such as a C8Cl0~alkylpolyglycoside may be mixed ~i
20~ with~another~binary mixture component, such as~a C12C14 or
a t-rnâry miYture, such~as a~ C12Cl~C16 polyglycoside, or a
~ CgCloCIl polyglycoside~
- In one preferred embodiment of the present
invention,lmixtures of 2 or more of at least binary
components of alkylpolyglycosides, provide particularly
~desirable concentrate compositions with anionic or
amphoteric surfactants
- ~ The saccharides useful for preparing the aliphatic
. :~
'.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
W093~2~650 ~ PCT/US93/05429
2 13 ~
polyglycoside used in the practice of the present
invention, are reducing monosaccharides or materials
which can form reducing monosaccharides during the
process for preparing the polyglycoside composition. The
reducing'saccharides include hexoses and pentoses.
Typical examples of monosaccharides includes glucose,
-~ mannose, galactose, f Nctose, gulose, talose, altrose,
allose, idose, arabinose, xylose, ribose, lyxose and the
like, as well as materials which are hydrolyzable to form
lo monosaccharides, such as lower alkyl glycosides (e.g.,
- methyl glycooide, ethyl glycoside, propyl glycoside,
butyl glycoside, etc.), oligosaccharides (e.g., sucrose,
~maltose,~maltotriose, lactose, sylobiose, malibiose,
c-llobiose,~raffinose, stachyose, etc~.) and
15 ~ p~olysaccharides~such as starch. More for reasons of its
}ow cost~and ready-availability, glucosè is a preferred
saccharide~
The~viscosity-adjusting agents employed in the
concentrates Qf the present invèntion, generally are
20~ inorganic~0r~0rganie~electrolytes.~;~0ptionally,~a
polyethylene~glycol~may~be~employed;in~combination with ;~
the~inorganic~or organic~electrolyte as a co-visco-ity- i
adjusting~agent. The polyethylene gIycol, in~addition to
~functioning as a viscosity-adjusting agent, serves to
improve clarity of the concentrate. The inorganic
' electrolytes include the alkali metal chloride or sulfate
salts, such as lithium, pota--ium or;sodium, and the
a}kaline earth metal salts such as magnesium chloride.
::
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
WOg3/256~0 PCT/US93/05429
213~6~1 16 i-
,
The preferred organic electrolytes are carboxylate salts
of the alkali metals above, however, the carboxylic acids ,-
themselves may be employed. The acids may be
monocarboxylic, dicarboxylic or tricarboxylic acids. The
s preferred sa}ts are the sodium and potassium salts. The
carboxylic acids preferred are those containing from 1 to
about 6 carbon atoms which may be substituted with
hydroxyl groups. The carboxylates which may be employed
include the monocarboxylates formate, acetate,
o propionate, butyrate, and hydroxy substituted
.
- monocarboxylate, such as lactate and gluconate; the
dicarboxylates such as the succinates and the
tricarboxylates such as the citrate. These acids may
generally be represented by the formula
R (COOH)x ~-- ~
where Rl is H or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group,
preferably~alkyl, which may be unsubstituted or hydroxy
20~1 ;substituted,~and x is a whole integer from 1 to 3, and
the total nu~ber of carbon~atoms in the carboxylate may - i
be up to about 18. ~ ¦
, ~
The preferred inorganic electrolytes for use in the
present invention are sodium or potassium chloride, and
2s the preferred organic carboxylate electrolytes are sodium
or potassium acetate, lactate, citrate, succinate or
gluconate. In the preferred concentrate composition, a
polyethylene glycol wi}l be employed along with the
.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
~ ,
w093/256So - PCT/US93/OS429
`` 21~5~fll
17
electrolyte to provide clarity as well as further
viscosity adjustment.
The concentrate composition of the present invention
reguires a small but effective amount of the viscosity-
adjusting agent. Generally, the viscosity-adjusting S
agent is present from about 0.1 to about 10% by weight,
preferably in the range of from about 0.5 to about 5% by
weight and most preferably in the range of from about
0.75% to about 3.0% or 4% by weight of the composition.
`~ lo The amount of the viscosity-adjusting agent included in
- the composition is dependent upon the particular
surfactant and the amount of viscosity adjustment
required. Generally, it is preferred to keep the amount
of viscosity-ad~usting agent~in the concentrate as low as
~- 15~ possible so that the non-surfactant;materials in the
ooncentrate composition is maintained at a low level. -~
Hovever,~if~the~viscoslty-adjusting agent is not
; obj-ctionable in the subs-quent use of the concentrate,
any amount which~aides in the viscosity adjustment,
- 20 ~ particularly viscosity;~reduction,~ suitable. At higher
levels,~vi-co-ity-adi~u-ting agents, uch as the alkali
~eOal chlorides~are~known to increa-e the vi-cosity of
some surfactant mixt~ures.
.
, The concentrate composition of the present invention
consist- e-sentially of the anionic or amphoteric
surfactant, the alkyl polyglycoside, the viscosity-
ad~u-ting~agent and water. The pres-nt invention is not
intended to be a viscosity-reducing agent for a crutcher
: .
~. ,
s
~ ~: SUBSmUTE SHEET
W O 93/256S0 , PC~r/US~3/05429
21~5~ 18
slurry as such, since the product consists essentially of
the surfactant, the alkyl polyglycoside, some water and
the viscosity-adjusting agent. The active surfactant
content (alkylpolyglycoside and anionic or amphoteric
surfactant) of the concentrate is from about 30% to about
90% by weight, preferably about 40 to about 85% and most
preferably about 45 to about 80% by weight. The anionic
or amphoteric surfactant will comprise about 30% or more
of the surfactant in the concentrate with the
o alkylpolyglycoside comprising the remainder, up to about
- 70% of the surfactant in the concentrate. Preferably the
ratio by weight of the alkylpolyglycoside to anionic or
amphoteric surfactant present will preferably be in the
~rsnge of about~3:1 to about l:lO, and most preferably
~ about 1:1 to about 1.5:1.
; The~following examples serve to illustrate, but not
limit,~the~im ention. All parts and percentages are by
weight unl-ss otherwise noted. In the first four
~ examples, taken from the parent application from which
~ 20 ~ this~application is derived, a composition was prepared
¢ontaining~the~surfactant and water. A second
composition vas prepared containing the surfactant, and a
, : :
viscosity-reducing amount of the alkylpolyglycoside and
the alkali metal chloride and water. The viscosities of
the various mixtures were~measured at 25-C with a
~ ~;
Brookfield viscosimeter using a No. 4 spindle at 10 RPM.
' .
SUE3SrlTUTE SHEET
.~ W093/256S0 PCT/US93/05429
- - 2 1 ~
19
EXAMPLE 1
A composition was prepared containing 43% by weight
of a sodium salt of an alpha olefin sulfonate wherein the
alpha olefin contained from 14 to 16 carbon atoms. An
aqueous mixture of the alpha olefin sulfonate was ~-~
prepared by mixing 56.8 grams of the surfactant (88%
active material) and 58.2 grams of water. The mixture
had a visc06ity above 50,000 CPS.
A mixture was prepared by mixing 56.8 grams of the
surfactant as above, 58.2 grams of water, 2.0 grams of a
50% by weight aqueous colution of APG 500 (an
alkylpolyglucoside with an alkyl group having 12-13
carbon and a degree of polymerization (DP) of 1.4) and
.
2.5 grams of sodium chloride. The viscosity of the
~ixture was l4,000 CPS.
. ~ .
-- EXAMPLE 2
A mixture was prepared containing 38% of a sodium
salt of a 12-13 carbon alkyl ether sulfate containing 2
.. ~ ,
moles of ethylene oxide. The mixture was prepared by
~miYing 81. 6 grams of a 47% active solution of the alkyl
. ~ .
ether sulfate with 18.4 gramæ of water. The viscosity of
the mixture was greater than 50,000 CPS.
A mixture waæ prepared by mixing 81.6 grams of a 47%
active solution of the alkyl ether æulfate used above,
~- 18.4 grams of water, 2 grams of a 50% by weight aqueous '
-~ solution of APG~ 500 and 2.5 grams of sodium chloride.
The viscosity of the mixture was 4,840 CPS.
~: '
,~ ,
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
-
::
W093/25650 PCT/US93/05429
'~ ~ 3 a ~; 4 1
EXAMP~,~
An aqueous mixture was prepared containing 43% by
weight of sodium lauryl sulfate. The mixture was
prepared by mixing 89.3 grams of an aqueous mixture
s containing 56% by weight of lauryl suifate with 25.2
grams of water. The mixture had a viscosity greater than
50, ooO CPS.
A second mixture was prepared by mixing 89.3 grams
of the aqueous lauryl sulfate mixture having 56% by
o weight of lauryl sulfate with 25.2 grams of water, 2
- grams of a 50% by weight aqueous solution of APG 500 and
2.5 grams of sodium chloride. The viscosity of the
mixture was 16,-100 CPS.
, ' ~
EXAMPLE 4
A mixture was prepared containing 63% by weight of
- ,- . ~
the sodium~salt of 12-13 car:on a}kyl ether sulfate
containing 3~ les of E0. The viscosity of the mixture
was greater than 50,000 CPS.
~ A second mixture was prepared containing 100 grams
of a 63% by weight solution of the sodium salt of the 12-
13 carbon alkyl~ether sulfate used above, 2 grams of a
50$ by weight aqueous solution of APG~ 500 and 2.5 grams
of sodium chloride. The viscosity of the mixture was
2,400 CPS.
EXAMP~E 5
This example illustrates the use of viscosity- 1
,
SIJBSTITUTE S~tEET
W093/2565~ ~1 3~ ii PCT/US93/05429
21
adjusting agents, other than alkali metal chlorides, such
as sodium chloride employed with small amounts of an
alkylpolyglycoside for reduction of the viscosity of an
anionic surfactant, sodium lauryl sulfate. The.
s composition consisted essentially of 80 grams of sodium
lauryl sulfate (Witco 1260), 2.5 grams of APG 225 (S0%
active) and 2.5 grams of viscosity-adjusting agent. The
results can be seen below:
ComDositionViscositv ~CPS)
lo Sulfate alone 1630
- Sulfate ~ APG 1380
Sulfate + APG +
(a) sodium citrate 888
(b) potassium acetate53
(c) carboxymethyl oxysuccinate 654
- : In the examples to follow, the following materials
: are employed: .
APG-~Surfactant 225 - an alkylpolyglycoside in which
thé alkyl group contains 8 and 10 carbons from a
mixture of mixed C9 and C10 alkanols, in which the
,~ :
~ : alkyl chain by weight % contains 45% C8 and 55% C10,
, ~
and having an averaqe DP of 1.6, an average
.i lipophile chain (alkyl group), i.e., R equal to 9.1
and an HLB of 13.6.
2. APG- Surfactant 200 - an alkylpolyglycoside
~- ~ substantially the same as APG 225 noted above in
which the alkyl chain by weight contains 45% Ca and
~ SUBSTITUTE SHEET
W093~256~0 - PCT/US93/05429 ; ~
,, . ~
3~ 6 ~ 1 22
55% ClO but having an'average DP of 1.4.
3. APG~ Surfactant 625 - an alkyl polyglycoside in
whieh the alkyl groups are a mixture of C~2, Cl4 and
C16 ehains in a weight ratio respectively of 68:26:6,
and having an average DP of 1.6, an average
lipophile chain of 12.76 and an HLB of 12.1.
4. APG Surfaetant 600 - an alkylpolyglyco8ide
~substantial}y the same as the 625 product above but
having an;averaqe DP of 1.4 and an HLB of ll.S.
5. APG- Surfaetant 400 - an alkyl polyglycosida
oompris-d of a miXture of 55.8% of APG 200 and 33
.
of APG- 600 and eontaining 11.2% water.
6. Standapol EA-1 - ammonium laureth (lE0) sulfate
anionie surfaetant.~
15~ 7. Standamld~SD - eoeoamide diethanolamine.
;8~.~ Standapol~ES-l - sodium laur-th (}E0) sulfate
anioni'e surfaetant. ,
9;. Carbowax~400 - polyethyl-ne glyeol~with a moleeular
weight~ Or~ 3-0-420.
All of-~the~-foregoing,produets are produets available
from~Henkel~Corporation~ ~exeept~ for the Carbowax~AOO whieh ~,
is;available from~Union~Carbide~Chèmieals.
~25 ~ ~ EXA~PLE 6
In thi~ eYample~ th se agu-ous surfactant
eoneentrates were prepared oonsisting essentially of an '
'alkylpolyglyeoside surfaetant, an anionie surfae,tant and
; SUBSTiTUTE SHEE~
,~;,,~ . ,.
,,:, '
W093/25650 ~ 1 3 5 ~ PCT/US93/0s429
. .:
23
a viscosity-adjusting agent. The samples' composition
can be seen from the following TabIe 1.
T~bl- 1 -
., . . , ., .. .. ........... .. .
Sample
6A 6B 6C ,
COMPONENT
~% by wt.~ (& by wt.) (% by wt.) I
Potassium Acetate 4.00 4.00 4.00
Potassium~Chloride1.00 1.00 1.00
APGD 400:(50%) 12.50 25.00 37.50
I :
¦APGD~625 ~50~): 37.50 25.00: 12.50
Seandapol~EA-1 ~70&)~ 34.20 34.20 ~34.20 :~
Water q.s.~ to100%
~ ~ ,
_ I Viscosity~CPS) l500 1750 12450
I Appearance . h~zy hazy ¦ hazy
q.s = quantlty su icient
When~the~products are dilut d to 20%, the
~ viscosities of~samples 6A~6B and~6C~wore lO0, 80 and 20
CPS~respective~ly.
T~e samples were~ evaluated in a foam test in diluted
foam~to~which~was;~added Sta:ndamid SD, the diluted
;composition~b-ing as shown in Table~ 2. The foam test was r~
:
25~ ~condùcted~following the "Foam Test Methodology" described `
b-low with~art:ificial s-bum. The viscosity of each
sample was~determined~without and with the further
~ ~addition~or~sodium chloride.~ ~
,`, , . 1
D AM TEST METHODOLOGY
;Prepare a 10% aqueous solution of product being I P
- ~ evaluat-d. In the results which follow 0.5 g. synthetic
s-bum, the composition of which follows below, was added
::
SUBSTITUTE SlfEET
i: ~
W O 93/256~0 PC~r/US93/05429 .. ,.i'i. "! '~' :.
213'~i 24
to 50.0 g. product prior to'preparing the 10% aqueous
solution. Four (4) grams of this solution was added to
146 grams of water (hardness 50 ppm) heated to 29 C ~ l C
and agitated for five (5) seconds in a Sears electronic
s blender with microprocessor control, medium/No. 5 speed
agitation. The foam is transferred into a 500ml
graduated cylinder and the initial foam volume measured
to the nearest 5ml and then the position of the
foam/water interface is recorded after 3.5 minutes. This
later reading represents the foam drainage.
SYNTH~TIC SEBUM COMPOSITION
Inaredient %`W/W
5 ~ ~ Palmitic Acid 10.00
~Stearic~Acid 5.00
Coconut Oil 15.00
~` Paraffin~ 10.00
Spermacetti 15.00
Olive Oil 20.00
Sgualene 5.00
Cholesterol 5.00 -
Oleic~Acid 10.00
Linoleic Aoid ~ S.00
~ ~ 100.00
~, .
~:: i ~ ` i
.
~ ~` 30
.
~: .
4~ I
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
W093/25650 2 1 3 5 ~ ~i 1 PCT/US93/05429 ! .
;. ., ' I
T~ble 2
.. ... .
Foam Samples
.
6A-1 6B-1 6C-l ;
Water _ 73.0 73.0 73.0
Composition 6A 24.0
Composition 6B _ 24.0
Composltion 6C 24,0
Standamid SD 3.0 3.0 3.0
Poam~ 255/135 270/135 280il35
.
Viscosity ~lno
~added NaCl) ~100 3500 ~ 1200
~0.50~NaCl 6500 4350 l950
; ~1.00%~NaCi ; 3500 3500 2300
~1.50% NaCl~ 1~250 2250 2500
15 ~ ~
EXAMPLE 7
e;~same~concentrate~formulatlons as in Samples 6B~
and~6C~were~prèpared except~that the amounts of potassium
20~ acetat~ and~potassium~-dloride were 2% of~each. The
pl-s~désignated~here~as 7A and 7B,-had~a pH of a 10%
olution~or~6.2~and~6~.4~respectively., Solution- were
prepared~containing 7;3%~'~water, 24% of~the samp}e, 3% of ~;,
"~ ~ amid SD~and~v~scositi-s~determined without and with
2s~ , furt~-r ~ddition~of~-odium~chloride. ~The results can be
seenjfrom~thè~following Table,3. ~ i
~:
~ 30 i Viscosity (CPS) r
i- N
SANPLE ~ o ~ 0.5 ~1.0 1.5 ~ ~2.0 i
~ - ~ ~7A ~3300 ~ 34003600 4000 4500
-~ ~ 7B ~ 1100 laoo2000 2100 2300
35 ; _ ~ _
~ ~ . : , i
- ~
,,
`: ~: SUBSTITUTI~ SHEET
~ ~ .
W093/2s650 PCT/~S93/0542g .
213a6~1
26
EXAMPLE 8
Samples were prepared employing a variety of
viscosity-adjusting agents. The samples' compositions
and preparations can be seen from the following Table 4.
T~ble ~
l ~ G~ 1~ ~--
COMPONENT ~ %) (wt %) ~we %) ~wt %) ~wt %)
~Sodium:sulfate 3.0 _ _ 3.0 3.0_
Potassium : .
~hloride 2~.0 _ _
Sodium Acetate . 2.0 _
chlorlde~ ~ ~ 2.0 ; _
Potassium _ _ ~ 3 0 _ _
: ~~APGD~400 ~50;%)~ 25.:0 ~ 25.0 ~25.0 25.0 12.50
; ~APG~;~625~(50%~25;.0 ~ : ~25.0~ 25.0~ 25.0 37.50
Carbowax~400 :~ ~ ~ ~ : ~ :~ 1.0 _
20~Standapol EA~ ~ 34 2 34.20~ 34 20 34.20 . '.
: ~-Wat ~ :~ ~ ,~ to~ ._ 100% ¦
:pH :~10% solu- ~ ~ 6 5 6 5 6 5 6.5
2S~` - ~ osity~~11600~ ~6:000~ 3~100 3200 10000 ;;.-.
~ ~ ~ ¦ Appe~Dnce
:~ ~ ~ sufficlen
A viscosity profile was conducted on sample 8A, 8B, - .
8C and 8D with varying amounts of NaCl on a sample of 24
parts of:the:compositions above, 3.0 parts Standamid SD
and 73 partæ water. The results are seen in Table 5
below.
. " ~,.~ ,; ''
: :
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
W093/2S650 ' ~ PCT/US93/05429 ~ ~
.
27
T~ble 5
Viscosity (CPS)
. . __~
% NaCl _ 8A 8B 8C 8D _
I 0 1100_ 1650 2650 700
I 0.5 2550 2850 39502500
1.0 4200 3250 4100_3500
1 5 3700 2450 34503650
_ _r _ I
~PIE
1o A sample was prepared following the surfactant
: composition of 6B except that only potassium chloride was
; used as the viscosifying agent at a level of 3%. The pH
of a 10% solution was 6.45, the viscosity was 4550 cps
and the product was a hazy Iiquid. Upon the addition of
15 Carbowax 400 the product was a clear liquid with a
viscosity:of 4300 cps.
The product was evaluated with varying amounts of
NaCl at a 10% active solution with 3% Standamid SD and a
~12S~active solution with 3% Standamid SD. The results
20 can be seen in Table 6 below.
- T~ble 6
, ~ ~ . _____ :
Viscosity ~cps~ t 25C
: % NaCl lOt solution 12% solution ¦ .:
0 500 2000
:~ 0.51850 3400
1.02650 3700
, 1.52460 2450
2.02000 2000 ~, " " .,,_
,: .
~ - SUBSTITUTE SHEET
W093/25650 ~ PCT/US93/05429 ~- ~
213~6~1 ` 28
EXAMPLE 10
In this example, samples were prepared, again using
50% active solution of the alkylpolyglycosides and 70%
active solution of the ethoxylated alkyl sulfate
s Carbowax 400 was included in ach sample~formulation to ' ,
assist in providing a clear solution as well as some
r-duction in viscosity The co~positions and properties
' -
can~be seen~from th- following Table 7 ' ' '~
,
~ T~b~
~10~ :'~ ~ ~ . ~/'
: ~ Component ~ ~ lOA lOB : lOC
: : `
: ~ q ~ 59~ _ 25.0 25.0 25.0
25.0 25.0 25.0 ..
~Standapol EA-1~1700)~ ~34.2 34 2 ~34.2 .
15 :~ ~ :_ _ ~ 2.0
~=== ~ IO ~ '~,',
~Potassi~n~Chloride:~ ` ~ ~1.0 _ _
-~So:ium;~Chloride~ ~ ~ :1.0 ~ -
20~ ~Water~ q.s. ~ : to ~; 100 s
~pH:(lc~solu~ion~~ :~ 6~.4 ~ : ~ ;6,4 ~ 6.4 i;:
` ~iscosity~(cps)~ ~:7900~ ~8500~. 8500 I I
+15C~ ~+12C 12C I , :
25 ,~ The~samples,~were~evaluated at both 10% active and
12%~active solutions~each~containing`3%~ Standa id SD
- ~ t:
; These results can be seen in Table 8 below ' i~
~ 6
~
~,.,
:
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
~:, :
W093/25650 ' 2 1 3 ~ PCT/US93/05429
2g .
T~ble 8
- I' visc~ .
lC ~ soluti )~ 12 ; solutl ~n
lOA lOB lOC lOA 10~ lOC . .
0 300 250 400 850 800 900 . .
0 S 1750 1450 16502450 2550 2500 $
I 1.0 ~2600 2250 31003720 3350 4100 -
~ ~ ~1.5 2500 3250 33004100 3500 3650
; ~ !; 2.CI~ ~ 2l50 2550 2550 3000 ~3100 3500
AlI the systems provide adequate viscosity profiles.
10 ~ ~
EXAMPLE 11
In this example, samples were prepared employing
sodium lactate as a viscosity-adjusting agent. Samples
llA and llC were evaluated at 10% and 12% active
5~ solutions containing Standamid SD. The resuIts can be
s n in~Tables~and~10 below.
20~ ~
~":~
: j . ; . ; .
;~
:
%
~ ,:: . .
: ~ ~ SUBSTITUTE SHEET
, ~
.~ :
WO 93/25650 ~ - Pcr/uss3/os~29 ~ ~
213~6~i
T~ble 9
~;; n t l ~11A ¦ l1a ¦ ~ 11C
;-; S ; ~ APG ~ 400 ~( 50% ) 25 . 0 25~.~0 2 5 . 0 l I
APG~ ~ ~25 ( 50% )~ 2 5 . 0 ~ 2 5:. 0 ~ 25 . 0 ¦ ¦
Standapol EA-1:(70%:~ ~ ~ 34:.2 ~ ~ 3 4.2~ ~ 34.2
~a~ ~ : ~ 2 . 0
C rbd~ ~0 ~0: .,: ~ ; -~ 0~ '' ~ 1.0 I
hloride~ ~2 - 0~ 2 - 0 ~ 3
_ = ~ ~ t-o ~ o~o~ :
`~ 15~ ~ pN ~D~ ~ 00 ~ : ¦
~ ~ ~ 16C~ ~ ~;; ' +14C
: ~ :: }~
A ¦ ¦
. . T~ ~ :~ ;~2so ~25`0 ~ ~ 800~" ~ 750
- ~ ~ 75~0;~ `~ 2~450~ ~: ~`2450 ~; ~
.~ : ~ ~ 2?:50`~ ~ 27~00 ~ ~ ;4~350 ~;
= ~ 3700 ~ ~ "3200
~0 ~ ~ ~ ~ 250~ ~ ~ ~ ;~ 2850~`: 2400 ~ ~
e~ vl~:os~ty D~ofil-s.
In~thi~ ~exa~ple, ~ t~ inclu~lon of ~odiuDI lactate at
va~=~O~op Or s~pl ~ c~ ~e: = ~e ~ollowlng
:SUBSTITUTE SHEET
W093/25650 ~ 2 1 3 ~ PCT/US93/05429
31
T~ble 12A
, ~: ~,....................... ~., .. ,.,.
Sample
Component _ 12A 12B .
: 5 APG 400 (50%) 25.0 ~ 25.0 ¦
~ : APG 625 ~50%)~ 25.0 25.0 ~,
-~: Standapol EA-1 ~70%) : 34.2 34.2
Sodium:lactate 3.0 ~ 3.0
Potasslum chlorlde : 1.~0 _ ¦
10 :: ~: -~Sodium chloride~ 1.0
:Carb~wax 400~ ~ 0 ~ 1.0
Water~ : q.s. tO 100% ¦
~:pH~(10%~solution):~ : ~ 6.4 ; 6.4
`~Visco~ity ~(cps)~ ~ 5750 ~ 6000
cl~d ~lnC~ : ~ C . l15C
~ ,
- : , ~ . : ~
2~0 ~;~
: ~ y ~pe)~
:~ ~ IO~:solution ~ ~ 12% solution
25~ ~ %:~NaC1 ~ ~ llA~sa~pl~ :11A ~sample ¦-
0~ ~ 425 ; ~ ~ -~ l
:, ~ ~ _ . :
0~5~ ~ 300 ~ 2950
0~ ; ~ 3250 ~ 420C
~ -~ 1.5 ~ ~ 3doo ;~
;~5~ 3~o~ ~ ~!D~, ~
;For~ulation~A,~in particular, gave a~v ry good
viscosity;~response.~ Both`of~the~products have an ~ -
ad~antage in the use of sodium Iactate in that it is a q
~, i :- ~ . , , ~
liquid. The cloud point of sa~ple 12A was lower than
sample~B.; The compositions are flowable, pourable and
pu-l~ble. ~
f
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
i :~ :: -
W093/25650 ~ PCT/US93/05429
~ '
~13~ 32
EXAMPLE 13
In this example, the proportion of ratios o~ ¦
alkylpolyglyco~ides and ether sulfate anionic surfactant
were raised, employing the same amounts of viscosity- l ;
ad~usting agents sodium lactate, potassium ohloride and ¦`
polyethylene glycol as in sample 12A. The composition
and properties can be seen in Tables 13 below.
: T~ble 13A
_ ~,.,., . . .
: ~ ¦Component Sample 12A
¦~APG~ 400 (50%) 20.0
: ~ APG~ 625 t50%~ 20.0
::~ . 1 :
- _ ~ ¦ Standapol EA-1 (70%) 41.0
¦ Carbowax 400 1.0
¦ Potasslum chloride 1.0
~ ¦~ Sodiu~lactate ~ 3.0 _
Water~ 14.0
; : 1~ 100.0%
~ I ~ PH (:10%~solutlon): ~ ~ ~ 6.4
-~ ~ .Viscosity (cps) : : . : 6100
- 20 ~ ppèarance:~ ~ : slight haze
,
T~bl~ l3B~ t~
25 ;~ ~ : ~ ~ Viscosity (cps) on 12A sample
: % NaCl~ ~ 10% solution : ~: 12% solution . :
0 ~ -::~ 350 ~ 1000
~ - ~ 0 5 ~ ~ 900: ~ 4450
.: : :: : ~
: ~ :1.0` ~ ~ ; 4300 ~ : 5800 .
1.5 ~ 4100 6500 ~
2.0 . 3200 4000 ~'
The viscosity r-sponse was very good to provide a
;flowable,~pumpable and pourable product.
, - ~ :: .
.
As is illustrated by the foregoing examples,
:,, i
.
~ -: SUBSTITUTE SHEET ~.
W093/2~650 PCT/US93/05429
~ 1 3 ~i 6 ~
33
compositions are provided which possess a viscosity which
results in pourability, flowability and pumpable
properties, so that the products can be easily handled in
manufacture and by the consumer who will formulate the
composition for desired end-use applications~ Thus, the
product dilutes in water very rapidly without gelation or
large increases in viscosity and is accordingly easily
formulated into cleaning products where good foam and
viscosity potentiation is desired. The products are
o stable and economically shippable as they contain
~ desirably low a~ounts of water. With the presence of the
alkylpolyglycosides, the product is less irritating to
the skin than the use of anionic surfactants alone, thus
providing end-use form~lation particularly useful for
15 mild personal skin care products.
A preferred concentrate is one containing about 50%
total active surfactant consisting essentially of the
following typical composition:
Anionic or amphoteric surfactant 25% active
Alkylpolyglycoside 25~ active
Viscosity-adjusting agent 1-5%
Water 8alance to 100%
The alXylpolyglycoside is preferably a mixture of 2
or more alkylpolyglycosides of varying average alkyl
moieties, such as mixtures of the APG 400 and APG~ 625
exemplified herein. The anionic surfactant are
preferred, such as the long chain alkyl (C8 to Cl8)
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
W093/2$6~0 PCT/US93/05429
...
~13.~6'1~
sulfates or sulfonates, ethoxylated or unethoxylated,
exemplified above as sodium laureth (E0-1) sulfate, or
ammonium laureth sulfate. The ratio by weight of
alkylpolyglycosides to anionic surfactant is p~eferably
about 1:1 but may vary from about 0.65:1 to about 1.5
The viscosity-adjusting agents are preferably organic
carboxylates such as the acetate, lactate or citrate, the -
lactate having an advantage in being liquid and posing no
undesirable odor, which may be encountered with the
o -acetate. The preferred inorganic electrolytes are
potassium chloride, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate.
M~xture of the organic carboxylate electrolytes and the
inorganic electrolytes are typically employed and
polyethylene glycol is a preferred agent for use in
admixture with the organic carboxylate electrolytes and
the inorganic electrolytes. The viscosity-adjusting --
agents are preferably employed in an amount from about 1
to about 5% ! With about 1 to 3 or 4% being most 1
preferred. As seen in the examples, the concentrates
will have a viscosity (Brookfield) measured at ~5'C of
below about 16000 centipoise (cps), more desirably below - j
about 10000 cps, and preferably below about 5000 cps,
with some samples between about 1000-3000 cps- Upon
dilution to about 10%, and with further addition of NaCl,
the samples remain at low viscosity, preferably below
5000 cps without gelation.
As indicated earlier above, the concentrate is
- useful in formulating various end-use applications,
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
W093/25650 - ~ 1 3-S ~ PCTtUS93/05429
particularly personal care products. Accordingly, a
method of preparing end-use formulations is provided
which comprises mixing the concentrates described herein
with the usual adjuvants associated with the particular
end-use application. Thus, the end-use compositions may
contain in addition to the concentrate components, other
co-surfactants, detergency builders, soil-suspending
agents, brightening agents, abrasives, dyes, fabric-
conditioning agents, hair-conditioning agents,
o hydrotropes, anti-microbial agents, solvents, fillers,
- etc. Such materials assist the alkylpolyglycoside, and
anionic or amphoteric surfactant present in the
concentrate, in its end-use application are accordingly
auxiliary, optional, reagents referred to herein as
15 "adjuvants. n
As indicated, because of the mildness resulting from .
the association of the alkylpolyglycoside with the
normally irritative anionic surfactants, the concentrates
find particular utility in formulating personal care
2 o products, such as shampoos, foam baths, facial cleansers,
liquid soaps, soap bars, toothpaste, mouthwashes,
antiperspirants, cleansing towelettes, and the like.
While the present invention is directed to the
concentrates from which the end-use applications are
formulated, and only indirect~y involved with end-use
formulations, the following illustrate various end-use
formulations in the personal care area.
SLl~3sT7TlJ~E S~EET
W093/256~0 ~ ; PCT/~S93/0~429 -
21 3'a ~tli 36
FORM~hA~IO~ A
MILD SHAMPOO WITH ALKYLPOLYGLY~OSID~ i
INGREDIENTS % WT/WT I ~
STANDAPOL SH-124-3 tl) 19.6 . I .
(Disodium Laureth
Sulfosuccinate~
Alkylpolyglycoside (1) 12.0
STANDAM~X L~0-30 (1) 1.5
(Lauramine Oxide)
S$ANDAMID SD (1) 1.5 :~
(Coca~ide DEA)
-
- Germaben TI 0.25
Citric AcidTo pH 6.0
Sodium ChlorideTo desired viscosity
Water, Fragranceq.s. to lOO
(1) Product of Henkel Corp.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
W093/25650 - ~ 1 3 ~PCT/US93/05429
.. . :
37
FORM~aTION B
~OW IRRITATION SHAMPOO
I~BEDIENT~ % WT~W~
Water 54-95
TEXAPON ASV (1) 33.0O
(Sodium Laureth Sulfate
(and) Ma~nesium Laureth
Sulfate (and) Sodium Laureth-8
Sulfate (and) ~agnesium Laureth-8
Sulfate (and) Sodium Oleth Sulfate
(and) Magnesium Oleth Sulfate)
AlXylpolyglycoside (1~ 6.00
CETIOL HE (l) 1.0Q
- (PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate)
STAN~AMID SD (13 3.00
tCocamide DEA)
Kathon CG ~2) 0.05
Sodium Chloride 2.00
Dyes and Fragrance q.s.
100 . 00
(1) Product of Henkel Corp.
(2) Product of Roh~ & Haas
-
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
W093~2~6~0 PCT/U~93/05429
'213~64~ 38
FORN~hA~ION C
HIGH P~RFORMANCE LOW I~LI~LY~ POO
.~ i
TNGREDIENT % W~/WT
Alkylpolyglycoside (1) 15.0
STANDAPOL EA-2 (1) 15.0
0 (Ammonium Laureth
- Sul~ate)
VELVETEX BK-35 (1) 12.5 :
Cocamidopropyl Betaine) -
NUTRI~N I (1) 1.5
~Hydrolyzed Collagen)
Citric Acid to pH 6.0-6.5
Fragrance q.s.
Water, Preservative balance
(1) Product of Henkel Corp.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
W~93/2565~ - 2 1 3 5 S li 1 PCTJUS93/05429
39
FORM~L~_ION P
- IOW IRRI~ION FACI~L CLE~NSER
INGREDI~ % WT/WT
Water q.s. to 100%
TEXAPON AS~ (1) 12.50
(Sodium Laureth Sulfate
(and) ~agne~ium Laureth
Sul~ate (and) Sodium
Laureth-8 Sulfate (and)
Magnesium Laureth 8
Sulfate (and) Sodium
Oleth Sulfate (and)
Magnesium Oleth Sulfate)
Alkylpolyglycoside ~13 6.40
VELVETEX CDC (1) 5.00
(Cocamphocarboxyglycinate)
LAMEPON S (1) 5.00
(Potassium Coco Hydrolyzed
Animal Protein)
2s. Ci~ric Acid to pH 5.5-6.0
Kathon CG (2) 0.05
Fragrance 0.20
Dyes q.æ.
EUPERLAN PK-810 (1) 3.00
(Glycol Distearate ~and)
Sodium Laureth Sulfate
(and3 Cocamide MEA (and)
Laureth-9)
(1) Product of Henkel Corp., Emery Group,
Ambler, P~
(2) Product of Rohm & Haas, Philadelphia, PA
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
W093/25650 - PCT/US~3/054~g
213~b~:L .,-
- ~0
FORM~LATION
CONDITIONING SHAMPOO
Inaredients %.W/W
Water 47.80
STANDAPOL ES-2 (1) 36.00
(Sodium ~aur~th 5ulfate)
Alkylpolyglycoside (13 6.00
VELVETEX BA-35 ~1) 3 . ()O
(Cocamidopropyl Betaine)
DEHYQUART E t1) 2.00
(Hydroxycetyl Hydroxyethyl
Di~onium Chloride)
AE~HOXAL B (1) 1.00
- (PPG-S-Laureth-5)
EUPERL~N PK-810 (1) 3 .00
(Glycol Distearate (and)
Sodium Laureth Sulfate
(and) Cocamide MEA (and)
Laureth-9
Sodium Chloride 1.00
2s
~athon CG (2) 0.05
Fragrance U-8210 (3) 0.1
100. 00
(1~ Product of Henkel Corp., E~ery Group, Ambler, PA
(2) Product of Rohm ~ Haas, Philadelphia, PA h.;
(3) Product of Shaw Mudge & Co., Stamford, CT
3s
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
W093/2~6~0 ~ PCT/US93tO542~ .
-. 21~abl~1
41
FORM~L~TION F
I~W IRRITATION FOAM BATH/~o~y-E~a~yQ
Inqredien~s % W~W
o Water 30.45
STANDAPOL SH-124-3 tl) 40.00
(Disodium ~aureth Sulfosuccinate)
- Alkylpolyglycoside (l) 12.00
L~MEPON S ~l) 9.00
(Potassium Coco-Hydrolyzed)
Animal Protein)
STANDAMID LDO (1) 3.00
(Lauramide DEA)
STANDAMOX L~0-30 (1) 3.00
(~auramine Oxide)
- CETIOL HE (l) 0.50
(PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate)
Kathon CG (2) 0.05
Sodium Chloride 2.00
Fragrance and dyes q. 8 .
100. 00
(1) Product of Henkel Corp., Organic Prod. .
Div , ~mbler, PA
(2) Product of Rohm & Haas, Philadelphia, PA
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
W093/2~650 PCT~US93/05429
~1~5~ 42
FORM~LATION G .
MILD ~HO~ER_CLEA~SE~
Inqredients % W/W
Water 62.60
STANDAPOL ES-3 (1) 10.50
(Sodium Laureth Sulfate)
A~kylpolyglycoside (1)12.00
LAMEPON S (1) 9.00
(Potassium Coco-Hydrolyzed)
Animal Protein)
CETIOL HE (1) 0.50
(PEG-7 glyceryl Cocoate)
EUPERLAN PK-810 (1) 3.00
(Glycol Distearate (and)
Sodium Laureth Sulfate (and)
- C~camide MEA (and) Laureth-9)
Propylene Glycol 1.00
COSMEDIA GUAR C-261N (1)0.75
~Guar Hydroxypropyl Trimonium
Chloride)
Sodium Chloride 0.50
Kathon CG (~) 0.05
Fragrance 0.10
100. 00
3 5 (1) Product of Henkel Corp.
(21 Product of Rohm & Haas
SUBSTITUTE S~EE~
W093/~6~0 ' 2 1 3 ~ 6 ,~ ~ PCT/~s93/05429
43
FORM~LATION %
CLEANSING TQWE~E~
narediçn~s ~ W/W
Water q.s. to lOO
STANDAPOL SH-124-3 (1)5.00
(Disodium L2ureth Sulfosuccinate)
Alkylpolyglycoside (1)3.00
CETIOL HE tl) 0,50
(PEG-7 Glycereth Cocoate)
ETXOXYLAN 1686 (1) O.50
~athon CG (2) 0.05
Fragrance 0.10
10~-
(1) Product of Henkel Corp.
(2) Product of Rohm & ~aas
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
