Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
WO g3/24101 2 1 3 6 3 1 'i PC~/US93/04038 .'.
Cosmetic Com~ositions
Technical Field
The present invention relates to skin- and hair-care cosrnetic compositions. In
particular it relates to cosmetic compositions in the form of aqueous gels or
lotions which provide improved moisturization, skin feiel and skin care benefits,
reduced taok and residu~ characteristics together with excellent visual clarity,rub-in and absorption characteristics.
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Background of the Inv~ntion
Skin is made up of several layers of cells which coat and protec~ the keratin
and collagen fibrous proteins that form the skelaton of its structure. The
outermost of these layers, referred to as the stratum corneum, is known to be
composed of 25nm protein bundles surrounded; by 8nm thick layers. Anionic
surfactants and organic solvents typically penetrate the stratum corneum
membrane and, by delipidlzation (i.e. removal of the lipids from the stratum
- corneum), destroy its integrity. This destruction of the skin surface topography
leads to a rough feei and may ~eventually permit the surfactant or so~lvent to
interact with the keratin, creating irritation.
It ~is now recogniscd that maintaining the proper wàter gradient across~ the
stratum corneum is impor ant~to its functiona!ity.~ ~ Most of this water, which is
sometimes considered to be the stratum corneum's p!asticizer, comes from
inside the body. If the humidity is too low, such as~in a cold climate, '
insufficient water remains in the outer layèrs of the stratum corneum to ~ '
properly plasticize the tissuè,~and the skin begins to scale and becomes itchy.
Skin permeability is also~decreiased somewhat when there i9 inadequate water
across the stratum corneum. ;On ;the othet hand, too much water on the
outside of the skin causes the stratum corneum to ultirnately sorb three to fivetimes its own weight; of bound water. This swells~;and puckers the skin~ and
results in approximately~a~two to three fold increase in the permeability of thesi~in to water and other polar molecules.
Hair consists of many of the same cons~i~uents as~ the stratum correum.~ The~
outermos~ region of-cells ~forms; a~rather thick~chemically~ resistant protective
coating 0nclosing the~hair~fibre~which ~is called the~cuticle. The surfa~e of the
;cuticle is covered~with~a~thin~laye~r~called the epicuticle which is thought~to
WO 93/24101 2 1 3 ~ 3 1 ~J P(~/US~3/04038 '',~
contain lipids and protein. The cuticie envelopes the cortex cells which
comprise the major part of the fibre mass. Keratinization takes place in the
cortex to build stability into the hair structure.
Thus, a need exists for compositions which will assist the stratum corn~um and
hair cutiole in maintaining their barrier and water-retention tunctions at optimum
performance in spite of deleterious interactions which the skin and hair may
encounter in washing, work, and recreation.
:
Conventional cosmetic cream and iotion compositions as described, for
example, in Sagarin, Cosmetics Science anci Technology, 2nd Edition, Vol.l,
Wiley Interscience ~1972) and Encyclopaedia of Chemical T~chnology, Third
Edition, Volume 7 are known to provide varying degreés of emolliency, barrier
and water-retention (moisturizing) benefits. However, they can also suffer
serious negatives in terms of skin feel ~i.e. they often feel very greasy bn theskin) as well as having poor rub-in, absorption and residue characteristics. In
the case of hair-care compositions they can also suffer from resoiling
negatives.
T he present invention therefore provides skin- and hair-care cosmetic
compositions which provide improvements in moisturization, absorption,
residue, tackiness, skin feel and skin care characteristics and which in
particular provide improveci short and lon~er tèrm mois~urizing effectiveness,
while at the same time avoiding depositing oily residues on the skin.
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Summarv of the Invention
AccQrdirlgly, in one aspect of the present inv~ntion, thefe is provided ~a skin- or
'hair-care compasition in the torm of an aqueous gel or lotion comprising:
a) from about 0.5% to about 20% by weight~of ai polyhydriç alcohol
humectant,
~b) from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of a water-soluble
polygly~erylmethacrylata lubricant, ~ ;
ct from about 0.1 ~~O ~o about 20%~ by wei~ht of ~ a hydrophiiic gelling
agent, and ~
(d) from about 0.~1% to about 10% ~by weight of a polyethyleneglyool
glyceryl fatty ester surfactant having the formula (I)
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WO g3/24101 P~/IJS93/~4038
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RCOCH2 CH ( OH ) CH~ ( OCH2 CH2 ) nOH .
wherein n, the degree of ethoxylation, is from about 2 to about ! "
200, and wherein R comprises an aliphatic radical having from
about 5 to about 25 carbon atoms.
The compositions of this aspect of the present inYention ~on~ain four essential
ingredients as well as various optional components as i~ndicated below. All
levels and ratios are by weight of total composition, unless otherwise indicated.
Chain leng~h and degrees of ethoxylation are also specified on a weight
average basis.
A first essential ingredient is a polyhydric alcohol humectant, a preferred
humectant being glycerine (sometimes known as glycerol or glycerin).
Chemically, glycerine is 1,2,3- propanetriol and is a product of commerce. One
Iarge source of the material is in the manufacture of soap. Polyhydric alcohol
humec~ants other than glycerine which c~n be added herein include sorbitol,
propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, ethoxylated glucose and
h~xan2triol.
In th~ prr~scnt compositions, the polyhydric alcohol hurnectant is present at a
l~vel of from about 0.5% to about 20%, preferably from about 1% to about
tO%, more preferably frorn about 2% to about 5% by weight of composition.
A secand essential component is a water-soluble polyglycerylmethacrylate
lubricant. In general terms, suitable lubricants include those having a viscosity
~neat) of less than about 5000 mPa.s, preferably less ~han about 2~00 mPa.s,
lubrican~s having a visoosity (neat) of at least about 50,000 mPa.s, plreferablyat l~ast about 80,000~mP~.s, and mixtures thereof (viscosities being measured
with a Brook~i01d RVT at 20~C). More specifically, ~a preferred lubricant herein~
compr~ses a mixture of a first lubricant ~omponent having a viscosity (neat) of
from about 200 to about SOOO mPa.s, preferably from about 700 to about 900
mPa.s, and a second lubricant compone~t havin~ a visc05ity (n~at) of a~ least
about 200,000 mPa.s, preferably at least~about 500,000 mPa.s, wherein the
weight ratio of first iubricant component to seeond lubricant component is f~om
about 5:1 to about 1:2(), preferably from about 2~1 to about 1:15.
wo 93/24101 2 13 ~ 31~
The polyglycerylmethacrylate lubricants which can be used in the compositions
of this invention are available under the trademark Lubrajel (RTM) from~
Guardian Chemical Corporation, 230 Marcus Blvd., Hauppage, N.Y. 11787. In
general, Lubrajels can be des~ribed as hydrates or clathrates which are formed
by the reaction of sodium glycerate with a methacrylic acid polymer.
Thereafter, the hydrate or clathrate is stabilized with~a small arnount of
propylene glycol, followed by controlled hydration of the resulting 'product.
Lubrajels are marketed in a number of grades of varying glycerate: polymer
ratio and viscosity. Suitable Lubraje!s include Lubrajel'TW, Lubrajel CG and
Lubrajel MS, Lubrajel WA, Lubrajel DV and so-called Lubraiel Oil. Preferred for
use herein, however, is Lubrajel Oil which has a typical viscosity of about 800
mPa.s, Lubrajel DV which has a typical viscosity of about ~ 00,000 mPa.s
and mixtures thereof.
In the present compositions, the polyglycerylmethacryiate lubricant is
incorporated at a level of from about 0.1% to about 10%, preferably from
about 0.2% to about 8%, and more preferably from about 0.5% to about 6%
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by weight of composition. ~ I
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The compositions of the invention also contain a hydrophilic gelling agent at a -
level preferably from about 0.1~~ to about 20%, more preferably from about
.
0.2%~to about 2%, and~especially from about 0.3% to about 1%. The gelling
agent preferably has a viscosity (1% aqueous solution, 20~C, Brookfield RVT~
of àt~least about 4000 mPa.s ~more preferably at least about 10,000 mPa.s and
especially at least 50,000 rnPa.s.'
Suitable hydrophilic gell ng ag~ents can gener-lly~be described as water-solubleor colloidally water-so!y!b!e polymers, and include cellulose e~hers (e.g.
hy~roxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose),
polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylalcohol, guar gum, ~hydroxypropyl guar gum and
xanthan gum.
Preferred hydrophilic gelling agents herein, however, are acrylic acidfethyl
acrylate copolymers and~the carboxyvinyl polymers~ sold ~by the B.F. Goodrich
ompany under the trade ~mark of Carbopol resins. These resins consist
essentially of ~a colloidally water-soluble polyalkenyi polyether crosslinked
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palymer of acrylic acid crosslinked with from 0.75% to 2.00% of a crosslinking
agent such as ~or example polyallyl sucrose or polyallyl pentaerythritol.
Examples include Carbopol 934, Carbopol 940, Carbopol 950, Carbopol 980
and Carbopol 981. Carbopol 934 is a water-soluble polymer of acrylic acid
crosslinl<ed with about 1% of a polyallyl ether of sucrose having an average of
about 5.8 allyl groups for each sucrose molecule. A most preferred polymer is
Carbopol 981 which has. an average molecular weight of about 1,250,000.
Also suitable for use herein are hydrophobically-modified cross-linked polymers
of acrylic acid having amphipathic properties available under the Trade Name
Carbopol 1342 and Pemulen TR-1 (CTFA Designation: Acrylatesl10-30 Alkyl
Acrylate Crosspolymer). A combination of the polyalkenyl polyether cross-
linked acrylic acid polymer and the hydrophobically modified cross-linked acrylic
acid polymer is also suitable for use herein.
Neutralizing agents suitable for use in neutralizing acidic group containing
hydrophilic gelling agents herein include sodium hydroxide, po~assium
hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and
triethanolarnine.
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The compositions of th~ invention also contain from about 0.1% to about 10%,
preferably from about 1% to about 5%, most preferably from about 2% to
about 4% by weight of polyethyleneglycol glyceryl fatty ester surfactant having
the forrnula ~
:
o
RcocH2cH(oH~ cH2 (ocH2cH2) noH
wherein n, the degree of ethoxylation, is from about 2 to about 200, preferably
frlorr about 3 to abaut 80, more preferably from about 5 to about 15, and~
wher~in R comprises an aliphatic radical having from about 5 to about 25
carbon atoms, preferably from about 7 to~about~;20 carbon atoms.
The weight ratio of water-soluble polyglycerylmethacrylate lubricant to
polyethyieneglyco! gl~ceryl fatty ester surfactant in the present composition isfrom about 5:1 to about 1:10, preferabiy from about 3:1 to about 1:3.
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WO 93/24101 213 5 ~ PCI'/US93/04038 ~,
Suitable glyceryl fatty ester surfactants inc!ude polyethyleneglycol derivativesof glyceryl cocoate, glyceryl caproate, glyeeryl caprylate, glyceryl tallowate,
glyceryl palmate, glyceryl stearate,'glyceryl laurate, glyceryl oleate, gl~cerylricinoleate, and glyceryl fatty esters derived from triglycerides, such as evening
primrose oil, palm oil, almond oil, and corn oil, preferably glyceryl caproate and
glyceryl caprylate.
Suitable surfactants of this class are commercially available from Sherex
Chemical Co. (Dublin, Ohio, USA) under their Varonic Ll line of surfactants.
These include, for example, Varonic Li 48 (polyethylene glycol (n = 80)
glyceryl tallowate, alternatively referred to as PEG 80 glyceryl tailowatel,
Varonic Ll 2 (PEG 28 glyceryl tallowate), Varonic Ll 420 (PRG 200 glyceryl
tallowate), and Varonic Ll 63 and 67 ~PEG 30'and PEG 80 glyceryl cocoates),
and from Croda Inc. (New York, USA) under their Crovol line of materials, such
as Crovol A-40 tPEG 20 almond glyceride), Crovol A-70 (PEG 60 almond
glyceride), Crovol M-40 (PEG 20 rnaize glyceridel, Crovol M-70 (PEG 60 maize
glyceride), Crovol PK-40 ~PEG 1 2 palm kernel glyceride), Crovol PK-70 ~PEG 45
palm kernel glyceride) and Crovol EP-70 (PEt; 70 evening primrose glyceride).
Especi~lly preferred from the viewpoint of moisturizing effectiveness are
rnonocaprylate and monocaproate fatty ester derivatives of polyethylene glycol,
or mixtures thereof, particularly materia!s such as PEG (6) caprylic/capryl
glycerate (Softigen 767). Also~ preferred for use herein are evenin~ primrose
d~rived fatty acid ester surfactants, such as PEG ~70) evening primrose
glycerides. In preferred;embodiments of the invention mixtures of glyceryl fattyester surfactants are used. ~Especially preferred embodiments include a mixture
.
of a polyethylene~lycol glyceryl fatty ester surfactant having the formula (I)
wherein n is from about 4 to about 20, preferably from about 5 to about 8 and
wherein R comprises an aliphatic radical having from about 7 to about 1 2
carbon atoms and a polyethyleneglycol glycery! fatty ester surfactant having
the formula (I) wherein n is from about 30 to about 50, preferably from about
40 to about 8û and R comprises an aliphatic radical having from about 1 2 to
about Z2~ carbon atoms, preferably from about ~1 4 ~to about 20 carbon atoms. ~ ~
The compositions of the invention are in aqueous gel or lotion forrn and are
preferably formulated so as to have a produ~t Yiscosity of at least about 4iOOO
rnPa~s and preferably~ in the range from about 4,00Q to about 300,000 mPa.s,
more preferably from about 8,000 to ab~out ~200,000 mPa.s and especially from
WO 93~24101 21 a 6 3 i ~3 P~fUS93/0403~ ~ .
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about 10,000 to about 50,000 mPa.s (25~C, neat, Brookfield RVT Spindle No.
5). Preferably the compositions are visually clear. The compositions are aiso
preferably substan~ially free of oil, i.e. contain less than about 1%~ ar~d
preferably less than about 0.1% of materials which are insoluble or which are
not colloid ally-soluble in the aqueous gel matrix at 20~C. It is a feature of the
present invention that the skin- or hair-care compositions provide excellent
moisturizing effectiveness, despite the fact that they contain no or low levels of
insoluble emollient oils. "Colloidally-soluble" herein refers to particles in the
usual colloidal size range, typically from 1 to 1000 nm, especially from 1 to
500 nm. In highly preferred embodiments, the compositions are substantially
free of materials which are insoluble or not colloidally-soluble in distilled water
at 20~C. Such materials include many conventional emollient materials such as
hydrocarbon oiis and waxes, glyceride esters, alkyl estersl alkenyl esters~ fatty
alcohc~ls, certain fatty alcohol ethers and fatty acid esters of ethoxylated fatty
alcohols, sterols extracted from lanolin, lanolin esters, wax esters, beeswax
derivatives, vegetable waxes, phospholipids, sterols and amides. The
compositions can, however, contain low levels of insoluble ingredients added,
for ~xample for visual-effect purposes, e.g. thermochromic liquid crystalline
materials SUCh as the microencapsulated cholesteryl esters and chiral nematic
(non-sterol) based chemicals such as the (2-methylbutyl)phenyl 4- '
alk~ oxy)ben~oates available from Hallcrest, Glenview, Illinois 60025, U.S.A.
The addition of a proportion of insolubte silicone component is also envisaged~
herein, as described in detail below.
Other than the polyethyleneglycol glyceryl fatty ester surfactants, the
compositions of the invention have no need of and are preferably substantiaily
free of surfactant materials which are conventionally added to cosmetic cream
and lotion compositions in order to ernulsify a water-insoluble oily phase.
A~ajn, "substantially free" means less than about 1%, ~preferably less thar!
about 0.1% of the indicated materials. Such emulsifiers include ethoxylated
fatty acids, ethoxylated esters, phosphated esters, ethoxylated fatty alcoholsi .-
polyoxyethyiene fatty ether phosphates, fatty acid amides, acyl lactyiates,
soaps, etc.
:
As mentioned above, the compositions of the invention can additionaily
comprise from about 1.0% to about 10% ~y weight of a siiicone component
consisting essentially of
WO 93/24101 PCI/US93/04038 ~'
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(i) a siiicone having a mole~ular weight of from about 200,000 to
ab~ut 600,000 selected from dirnethiconol, fluorosilicone and
dimethicone and rnixtures thereof; and
(ii) a silicons-based carrier havin~ a viscosity from about 0.65 mPa.s
to about 10'0 mPa.s
wherein the ratio of i) to il) is from abou~ 10:90 to about 20:80 and
wherein said silicone component has a final viscositY of from about 500
mPa.s to about'10,000 mPa.s. ; ~
Dimethiconol-based silicones suitable for use herein have the chernical structure
H0(CH3)zSiO[(CH3~2sio]n(cH3)2sioH
where n is from about 2700~to about 4500, preferably from about 3200 to
about 4300 and most preferably from about;; 4000~to 'about 4300. The ~
dimethiconol has a molecular weight of from abo~ùt~20~),000;to about 3Q0,000,
preferably frorn about 240,000 to about 260,000 and most preferably~about
250,000.
The~;fluorosilicones~useful herein have;a molecular~weight of from~about
200,000 to about 300,000~, preferably~from about 240,000 to about 260,0Q0
an~ most preferably about'250i000.;
The dimethicones include ~silioone gurns~as describ~ed~ by Petrarch and others
lC,Illdi!n9 US-A-~,152~416, May 1, 1979 to'Spitzer,~et al, and~Noll, Walter,~
Chemistry and Technology of Silicones. NewYork: A~cademic Press 1968. ';Also~
dcscribing silicone~gums-are;~Ge~neral Electri~Siiicone~Rubber Pr~duct'~Data~ c
Sheets SE 30, ~SE 33, ~SE~54~and SE~ 7~6. ~'Si!iconè gumn materials useful~ herein~
denote~high molecula f weight materials~having~ia ~mote~ular weight of from
about 200,00'0~to~about 600,000. ~5pecific~examples~1r~clude~
polydimethylsiloxane,~(polydimethylsiloxane~ methylvinylsiloxane! copolymer,~
polytdimethylsiloxane) ~diphenyl~ (methylvinylsii~xane~ copotymer~ and mixtures
wn 93/24101 213 ~; 3 1 9 PCI'/US93/04038 '~
The silicone-based carriers suitable for use herein include certain silicone fluids.
The silicone fluid can be either a polyalkyl siloxane, a polyaryl siloxane, a
polyalkylaryl siloxane or a polyether siloxane copolymer and is present at a
level of from about 0.1% ~o about 10.0%, preferably from about 0.5~/0 to
about 5.0% by weight of the silicone component. Mixtures of these fluids can ~-
also be ùsed and are preferred in certain executions.
The polyalkyl siloxane fluids that can be used include, for example,
polydimethylsiloxanes with viscosities ranging frorr about 5 to
600,000 mm2.s-1 at 25~C~ These siioxanes are available, for example, from
the General Electric Company as the Viscasil (RTM) series and from Dow
Corning as the Dow Corning 200 series. The essentially non-volatile
polyalkylarylsiioxane fluids that can be used include, for example,
polymethylphenylsiloxanes, having viscosities of about 0.65 to 30,000 '
mm2.s-1 at 25~C. These siloxanes are available, for example, from the
General Electric Company ~s SF 1075 methyl pheny3 f!uid or from Dow Corning
as ~56 Cosmetic Grade Fluid.
Also suitable for use herein are certain volatile cyclic polydimethylsiloxanes
having a ring structure incorporating from about 3 to about 7 (CH3)2SiO
moisties.
The viscosit~ can be measured by means of a glass capillary viscometer as set
forth in Dow Corning Corporate Test Method CTM0004, July 29, 1970.
Preferably the viscosity ranges from about 3500 mm2.s~1 to about 100,000
mm2,S~
The most preferred silicone component for use herein is a dimethiconol gum
having a molecular weight of from a~out~ 240,000 to about 260,000 along vvith
a silicone carrier with a ~iscosity of about 5 mm2.s~1. An example of this
silicone component is Dow Q2-14:)3 fluid ~85% 5 mm2.s~1 Dimethyl Fluid/~5%
Dimethiconol) available from Dow Corning. ~ ~
A number o~ additionai water-soluble materials can be added to the
compositions of the invention. A highly preferred additional ingredien~ from theviewpoint of skin feel and tack reduction is a fluid copolymer of ethylene oxideand propylene oxide having a viscosity in the range of from 5~ to 300,000
WO 93/24101 P~/US93/0403~ ''~' .''
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Saybolt Universal Seconds [S.U.S.l, preferably from 100 to 2,000 S.U.S. at
38~C, for example Ucon Fluid 75-H 450.
Another optional but preferred ingredien~ of the compnsitions of the invention is
trimethylglycine, otherwise sometimes known as betaine. Trim0thylg!ycine is
valuable herein from the viewpoint of providing improved skin feel and tack
reduction. In the present compositions, trimethylglycine is preferably present
at a level of from about 1% to about 10% by weight, preferably from about
3% to about 7% by weight.
The compositions of the invention can also contain from about 0.1% to about
10%, preferably from about 1% to about 5% of a panthenol moisturizer. The
panthenol moisturizer can be selected from D-pan~henol ([Rl-2,4-dihydroxy-N-
[3-hydroxypropyl)]-3,3-dimethylbutamide), DL-panthenol, calcium pantothenate,
royal jelly, panthetine, pantotheine, panthenyl ethyl ether, pangamic acid,
pyridoxin, pantoyl lactose and Vitamin B complex. Highly preferred from the
viewpoint of skin care and tack reduction is D-panthenol. ~
The compositions of the present invention can additionally comprise from about
0.001% to about 0.5%, preferably from about 0.002% to about 0.05%, more
preferably from about 0.005% to about 0.02% by weight of
carboxymethylchitin. Chitin is a polysaccharide which is present in ~he
integument of lobsters and crabs and is a mucopolysacGharide having beta (1-
4) linkages of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Carboxyrnethylchitin is prepared by
treating th~ purifie~ chitin material with alkali~followed by monochloracetic
acid. It is sold commercially in the form of a dilute (approximately 0.1 % to
0~5% by wei~ht) aqueous solution under the name Chitin Liquid available from
A & E Connock Ltd., Fordingbridge, Hampshire, England.
Oth~r optional materials include keratolytic agents such as salicylic acid;
proteins and polypeptides ~nd derivatives thereof; water-soluble or solubilizable
preservatives such as Germall 115, methyl,~ethyi, propvl and butyl esters of
hydroxybenzoic acid, EDTA, Euxyl (RTM~ K~OO, Bromopol ~2-bromo-2-
nitropropane-1,3-diol) and phenoxypropanol; anti-bacterials such as Irgasan
~RTM) and phenoxyethanol (preferabty at levels of frorn 0.2% to about 5%):
soluble or colloidally solubi~ moisturising agents such as hvlaronic acid and
starch-graftad sodium polyacrylates such as Sanwet (RTM) IM-1000, IM-1500
and IM-2500 available from Ceianese Superabsorbent Materials, Portsmith, VA,
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USA and described in USA-A-4,076,663; colouring agents; perfumes and
perfume solubilizers etc. Water is also present at a level of from about 50% to
about 99~2%, preferably from about 80% to about 95% by weight of the <:
compositions herein.
The pH of the compositions is preferably from about 4 to about 9, more
preferably from about 4.5 to about 7, the pH being controlled where necessary
through the use of pH buffers such as cilric acid/scdium ci~rate.
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The invention is illustrated by the following examples.
Exam~les I to V
t ll lll IV V
D-Panthenol 2 - - - 3
Glycerine 3 2 6 5 3
Lubrajel Oil 0~5 0.5 2.0 0.5 0.5
Lubrajel DV 5.0 1.0 - 5.0
PEG-6 capric/caprylic glyceride 2.00 3.0 1.0 4.0 5.0
PEG~70 evening primrose ~Iyceride 1.00 - ' 2.0
Q2 1403 Silicone - 3 '.00 ~ - -
Carbopol 981 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.4
Chitin Liquid 0.006 - - - -
Pemulen TR-1 - 0.4 - 0.3 0.3
Sodium hydroxide 0.25 0.25 0.3 0.2 0.2
Methyl parabens 0.1 0.1 ~ 0.1 0.1 0.1
Germall 115 0.2 - 0.2 - 0.~! ~
Hexylene giycol 2 - - - 2 :'
Phenoxyethanol - ~- - 0.25
Butylene Glycol 2.0 2.0 ~ 2.0
Perfume Oils 0.001 0.001 S 0.001 O.OO t O.0006
Deionised Water To 100
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~ ~ The compositions are made by mixing at ambient temperature. ,~
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The compositions display improved moisturization, skin feel, skin care and
residu~ characteristics together with excetlent~emolliency, rub-in and~ a~bsorption
characteristics.
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