Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
4 6 ~
WO 94/07578 ^ -- . PCT/~3P93fO2721
-~K ~r~ DElV:cOE
The ~t~on rol~t~ to a ~port~ de~ Co ~or
clidi~g o~ the ~ ~acti~ underlyi~g ~ur~e acLord~ tc
the preamble of ~1 a ~ i~ partioul-r ~ ws~ter ~port~
5 deYice.
T~day ~ r~ on t~- ~rket ~y d~erent
Elport~ d~ c~l3 wlll.ch all ~er~ or 8l i ~i~ 0~1 incl ~
flurÇ~ce~ ccwer~d by ~r~o~ or ~ ce. IS~ th~ ~ r~p~at there
st be a d~t~nc~tion drawn betwee~ ~Iy8te~Ls ha~ng onQ
10 ~ to or h~ a plurallty of dc~t-~ ~n ~u~'c th~ sa~e
way aa a distin~t~an must b~ drawrl i~ t}~l case of wi~t-r
~rt~ deYlceJ ~aving two ~IkatQ~ at~ to w~ether ~B~
~kate8 ca~ L~ 1 lndopende~tly o~ ~c:h othor hy th8
uaer .
The éy~ieal c:~ae c~ a w~t~r ~o~t~ d~ric~ ha~
two ~ e~ to b~ od lnde~ ently of eac~h othor iE~ a
pair of ~ Jkis, wlth w~ch 1 n each ca~ one 1k~ con-
nectQcl ~curely to one ~oot by m~ of a b~ r~
D~ar~ e~ f~ro~L t~ waa, ~or ^Y9~1 ~ the mono-~i, whlc~
2Q ~ pp~tS w~ or~ly o~ ~kate U~d wlt~ WhiC~ both le~-
ar~ ~c~ n ~ly one ~ka~, usually ~y ~e~ o~ an
lnt~ t-- plato .
A ~urthelr rQpre~e~t~tlv~ of a w~slt~r o~ort~
devicl- ha~ring o~ly os~e ~ 'ce i8 thQ ~o~called 8nowboard,
25 with w~i~h ~ iD. coD~trast to a ~kl - th~ uoer do~
nc~t ~tand ~ t}le trav~ d~s~ction ~ut w~ th o~ leg
acroo~ ~d thQ oth~r obllqu- to th~ t~r~ll~ns~ dlr~ction.
Th~ d~dv~taçl- o~ a ~ d ~ 8 t~at, wh~n
t~ ~v~ os~ e edg~ nec~ articular on
30 relaeiv~ly ~t--p a~d icy ~lope~, ~e~y gre~at ef ort l~as to
b~ l for th~ d~ing os~ ac:co~t oi~ th~ ~ o~
~e n~?~r~ --~d of about 25 to 35 c~n. In add~ tion, t~ere
ar~ n.o ad~it~ or~ L~ ~lo~o~tts, ~uch 118 ~or
t~cs ~Scl at~ckc, ~ ~ for thia .
, Tn ~r~ y ~; F~ ~; ~r~
h~n C3evD~ ~ ' wintsr ports de~ric--- . ' ' ~~ hav~ ri tt~d
th a 8t~~ ~,r ~;ate, o~ wh~c~ 'ch~ uf~er ca~ ~ven
~r~ t-nt r~ ta~
~ h r ~~lmended paqe ~ o~ origi~a 1 do~uments
a- 2l~6~6l
... .. _. . . .
In or~r ~o r~n~dy thi~ disad~r~tage, t1~erc have
e~ de~reloped ~intsr ~3por~; d~vicl3s wb~ich ha~re ~I tt~d
:e~eat~h ~ ~It~n~;~ pl~L~e, 0~ whi~ th~3 Us~ ca2l ~ve~
st;~nd ~n d~ffQrQnt pOBit~on~, ska~ wh~ch, ~* ~earls o~
...~ . ~ .. , . .. ~
a m~3c~ m, tran~3~4r ~. ~dging ~o~e~n~nt of ~ 3t~nding
plate to t~e ~3ca~es, a h a; Germ~ Util,lity Mc~da7
G 86 ~6 ~9~4 OZ~ rma~ P~tent 3? 37 44 613 ~Wlh~.er~3port-
~atU Ewi3te:~ ~ports devicl3]
and the S~iss pa~ent 69 4 557, the last o~e ~eirlg generic
for the presen~ applic:ation an~ showi~g an arrangement with
two swivelling levers each per connecting member
~ ll the~e de~rice~ were, how~rer, Rith~r of
co~pl~x d~ign with reg~rd to their me~haninm c~r the
mQch~is~ ua~3d produced only a ~rer~ lndir~c'c tran~
~he c~L~ge in load ~n~tig.at~d by the u~r to t~he
~kate~ and ~rice ~a, w~ich ulti~ately ha~ ~he con,3e- ~
ue~ce 9~ SpCI~lgy an~ ~lnateady trav~lltng characteris~lcf~.
Furthe~mo~o, A~s~rian P2~ent ~7:2 ~52 ~h~; a
nter ~ports de~rice of the ~;~me ~eneric t~ hav~n~ jUElt
a standi~g plate, in the C~ ~ c)f which the l3kates are
opera~iv~ly coP~octQd t;o th~ ~Ot~l~lCt~hg me~ber on th~ ~ne
ha:rld anc~ t~ conr~ecting m~her i~ op~3~atively cor~t3~ted
to the ~tand1ng p~at~3 on the a~her hand at the ~Eront and
r~ar by rme~ cJ f only One ~wl~re~ axi~ in each ~a~3e .
The ~dgirlg moven~ent ~ tra~f3mlttsd vi~ a gea~ ~echani~m.
Al~o ln th~ c~ o~ other typ~3s o~ ~port, for
~mple the water ~3port~ of~ ring, wind~ ing, wate-
~kiing, thl3 ~lidin~ device i9 2~lppc~red on the underlyln~
~urface by it~ ~urfa~ a~d sdg~s, it }:eing pc~3~3ible far
the ed~lng ~a~ementa ir~te~ded in the pre~nt ca~ to
~ring adva~t~gel3. Thersf~r~ port~ device accordi~g to
th6~ i~v~io~ can ~e used ~o~ o~ly or wi~ter ~port ~ut
al~o, wlth ~o~r~pc~rldl:~g modificatit~n~ wltk reg~rd ~o
w~lg~t, loadln~ as~d ~3~3C~r~n~ device~ for ~h~ r, fo~
th~ said ~ype~ o~ wa~er ~pcrt.
It i~3 the--e~ore thA o~ject of th~ pre~ in~
t~ c~ ~a pra~rld~ a ~port~ de~rice ~ h~ generia ~cype with
whic~ ~harp edging of the a~lding aurf~a~ i~ poaaible
w~ th only little eort ~nd ne~f~rt~e~ e~s irx~ larltle~3
of the ~rou~Ld a~e tr2~ tted rapidly ~d. d~ rectl~ fro~
the ~ tc, ~ch~ u~er a~d vice ~er~3a
,
2~4~61
~, t-a~f~ r~ -t~
plate ~o 'c~a skate~, ~uah a~ ~;h~n ~sti- ~ ty ~o~l
86 a6 399 .4 or ~ ~atnnt P 37 4~ 613 "Wlr~t-rD~2~L-
geratn ~w~ nter ~port- de~ ce~: /
All t~e~e devicel- were, ~a~ , e~ t~ of a
ccm~ c de~ n w~th reg~rd ~o th~ r --- h -.; ~ or the
m~ hR~ l!lm us-d ~roduced o~ly a ~rery ~nd~rect t37~ on
of the ch~ng~ in load ln~tiga~ed by the ~ er ~ ~ th~
e~kate~ ;~d vlc~ ~6 ~~, which ult~ ~ately ~ th~ con~e-
~auence o~! ~po~gy ant ~teady 'cra~roll~ ara~t~r~8~cic8.
~urthr --e, Au~tria~ ~t~nt /7~ 052 ~how~ a
wln~:er ~ort~ der~ce of ~e ~e 5rene~ typ~ havi~ ~u~t
a st~n~ n~ pl~te, i~ t~o ~:~ae O~ ,~ich the ~Xate8 arR
operat:~ v~ly ~ nn ~t~d to the coY~n ~t~ ~. o~ the one
~1~; hand and the ~o~ tiny ~~~ ~Y'8 opera~ ly connect~d
he ~It~n~tts pla~:e o~ th~ o~ r ~a~d at t~e ~ro~t a~d
rear by ~ of only on~ re~ in oaah ca~e.
The oclg~ slg - ~ ~t ~ 8 tra~mitt~d ~ia a g~a~ me ~
~l~o ~ t~ o~ atb..e~ type~ o~ ~port, f~ra ~x~le the t~ter ~or~ of ~r~ g, w~nd~ur~ing, ~tor
n~, the aliding dg~f~c-- iY ~ t~d on the ~d~ rlyinçr
~r$ace ~y it~ rf~ ~d edg~ ba~ng po~ai~le ~or
the ~dgln~ mo~ t~ i~t~n~3~ , th~ prQ6ent ca~e to
hring ad~ta~e~ r-forl-, a oport~ derice accordis~g t~
~5 t~ r-ntio3 ~ Jc u~ed not only ~or wi~tor ~port ~ut
al~o, w~ ~h s~6rr~l~p~ n~ modl~lcat~ on~ wl'ch regard to
wQls~ht, 1037~ and aecs~r~ n~ d~3v~ ae~ ~or the use:r. for
the~o sai~ typ~e of water ~port.
~/~t i B th~r-~or- th~ ob~-at of th~ pra-~t in~
30 ~ 6 prc~ide a ~port~ d~lrlc~ o~ th~ ~-r~ c ty~e with
whls~ ~Lar~ ed~in~ o~ e~e ~ u~:~!ac~ po~si~l~
w~,~ only little ~ort and n~r rt~LelQ~I~ lrreçJular~t:Lo~
7~ t~ grou~d are tran~m~ tt-d ~ dly a~ ~lr~c~ly ~ro~
3 5 T~Le ~port~ devla- i~ de~cr~ b~ o~.ow ~xc~lu-~ v~ly
by ~e ~ ~l e o~ a w~t~r ~ort~ d~rlce ~ ng th~
~rocab~lary cuElto~asy iD. ~ch ~ ca8~, W~ 'C~OUt thi8 ~e~n~
~nt~n~-' to r~-tr~Ct th~ ln~t~on to wlnter ~port.
Wlt:h 8uch a w~nt-r ~or1:~ dev~ce ~t ~ e~
21 4~61
3 --
far o~tlmu~ u~ to ~- r~f~~;~le ~oth o~ olop~o c~ y
d-eF, r~ow ~d ~lop~ CC~rCI _l Sy ice. In atdlt~o~, th~
uqer c~n ~tand on th~ W~nter ~?o~t8 d-~ice ~n ~ny d~ red
direc é~l o~ and ~rQQl~ chooe~ the ty~ o~ c~ tio~ w~ t~
5 t~e Eltar~di ~SJ pl;~te or ~he ~ g pla'co~ . Is2 as~ ~xtreme
c~er t~ sta~ pl~t~ can ~180 b~ u~ed as ~ a~ ttins
~sur~c~ .
T}le ~dglng ~o m~t ~ ~ tr~smlt'c~d ~rom t~e
~cate~ th~ n~ S pla~- or ~iaQ Y-r~a by ~ith~r the
10 ~wivell~ axes b~twee~ th~ ' nd~ Y~dual, is~t~rcon~ctod
pArtn nst r~ parall-l to the longl~ ;n~l d~rect'as~
of the w~nto~ ~por'c~ de~i~l-, but ~ein5 ~?o~t~ o~ed
obli~uely ~r~to, ~r - ~ thc ca~e o ya~allel arrange-
me~t - th~ being parall~logra~ l~rer~ a~s~ ~t~n~ tbio.
15 ~ th~ ~orl~ontal ~ ne, t~t ~ B to say p~rall~l to t~
plas~ o~ the ~lid~n~ s~rf~aes in the r~t po~$tlon, this
o~lique po~ or~n~ ~ay l~o ol~l~ely with r~pect to t~
tra~alllns~ d~seetio~, a~ a rcoult oi~ w~ ch a d:~f rent
long~t~ o~ ~t o~ th- skate~ wltl~, r~sp~c t to ~3ach
20 other talc~- plac~ upo~ e~gi~st 1~ the two d~ ~feres~.t
dtreG~ n~. For t~i~ r~ n~ as~. obli~u~ po~lt~o~ Or
t~e 8Wi~ xe~ $n ~ pla~e which io perpe~d~c~l~r ~cs
~he plan~ of t~e ~lidlng l~urfaces a~d runs i~ the lo~g~-
d~ 7 d~re~7ticn ~ a~ ata, o$~c~ a~ a re~lt the~5 longlt~;n~l offse~ Of t~ Icatqa 1~ both direet~oD.o io
1 derltic~l to el~c~ other.
I~ ~?r~ r~cipl-, ther- m~y b~ any ~ o~ ~cat~
~rt~ c~late~ ln parallel next to o~e ~ot}Ler at th~
aor~-cti~g ~er, ~e~er~lly a 4ro~sb~r.
3 0 ~ larly - d~p^n~ S7 os~ 2eci~ a int~A~
U8-- ar ~ tyl~ ~~q~3 ~!or - ~ t s~ al80 ~o~ ble
to ~o~ wees only on~ ~t~1tns ~?late or two ~o~?ar~te
~t~n~rl~J platQI~, w~:h aro a~ parall~ ext to o~C~
nthe~ ~ in tu~ ar- s~aur~d to tb.e ~osre~S?o~ o~-
35 nectin~ ~erJ, or tho dir-ct ~ocur~L~t oi~ t~o u~~ by
~r~ o~ a ~ c~ wit~out ~ J lov~r~, but
wl th ~n~ Ou~ rnent c~ ty, to t~e c~r~ t~ng
~ers, ~o ~t t~ ct~ on o~ t~e ~w:Lvell~g l~-r i~
take~ over by ~ ao~o~ent ~ocur6d dlrectly to t~Q
214~
~-,~ t~
T~ D.us~er o~ n~ t~s~g me~orn i~ al~o ~rari-
a~le: generally, two ~onn- ~ tlng rAes~ rB ~ ngcd at
di~t~ee~ o~ other ~ th- longit~t~ n-l dlrac-
5 'c ' on, that ~- to ~ay aro~sba~, ar~ U~Qd, on or botWQQ~
whlc~L th~ os~.~ or two ot~ t'~ lat-~ asQ ~ecured. W~t~
~de~t~ n~, th~t 1~1 to J~y al~o ~daqu~te
l~gth o~ the be~ar~ng aseo of the co~one~tD 5~0~ 1e w~ch
re~p~t to onQ ~other, ~ t ~ 8 al80 po~ibl- }~ow~r~ 40r
10 a R~ ngl~ croA-bar to b- ade$uate, ~ 1~ t~aé ~a~e i8
r~la~~r~1y l~ n ~he longit~ n~ 1 d~ rec~ n. ~ ~---
ad~'cag- o~ u~ s only one ~uc~ cros~b~r ~, h-, 7c~ r,
t:be diffic~lty ln a~:cso~ll~$D.~ a~ low ~ ~a~it~
po~le of t~e sTts~nA~ n~ plat~, which i~ nece~ary ~or
15 goo~!l tra~el ~ character ' ~lc~ o~ t~- w~ ~t-r ~pOrtB
deYice .
Another ~rar~ s~t i~ to u~e two cons~et~ng ~
h of l~Cl~ a~ l~a~t one aro~bar and, at a ~ort
ax~al t~Atanc:~ t~eroro~, a ~rt~r iolntod r~ o~ on of
2a ~he sw~Yel1~g le~ o 'cht~ a'co. t~ro~bar~ ~nd ~oi~Qd
co~c~tlo~ ar~ ~n 'ch~ ~ caae arrançJ~d occ~ntrically as~,d
o~a~ te each other with r-~pQct to t~ longlt~
center of th~ ~cat~a, a~ a r~lt o~ wh~ c~ th~ tran~m~ ~-
I-lor~ o~ ~rce ~som the ~ plat~ co th~ sk~te~
25 ~acilitat-a. I~ th~ ca~-, t~e ~o~lnted cos~-c~on, w~lch
aorr~pond~ approY~m~t~ly to ~ch~ prongtl of ona o~ t~-
arol~nbar~, ~y ~ o ~e complet~d to g~ n each c~ a
Joco3d cros~bar per ~ tinSJ u~it.
~ r~rt~ler ~rar~t ~a t~ t of two cro~b~r3 wh~c~
:! O h~r- c7~1y ~ ~glo, ~ ~ - lon~ t~ aont~r sllat-.
It go-~ wlt~out ~sy~g ~at - ~ n ~art$cular ~ n
aa~e o~ a ~olutlon wit~ two ~para~ 5J plat~ss
- t~e ~w~ lev~r may b~ c~ y g~~ e~
thc ~ A I~$ plat~ o t~t th~ ~t-~A ~s pl~te c2~n eo~
35 8~ y ~ od d$r~ctly on t~- ~or~n~ me~or~,
t~at ~ ~ to aay ~or exa~pl~ th~ aroc~ara.
8;~;7~--ly, the l-ngth o~ t~ ~ro~g~ o~ éh~ ero~-
ba2~ d~eD.d~ ~ ~ part~ ~ular o~ the d~mot~ c~ of t~a
ol~-~ in t~a trano~ror~ dlroct~o~ ~CQ t~o le~th o~
.
21~61
. _ 5 .
t~e pronçJs mu~t e~ure ~ ~ f 'ch- ~kates a~ ~r a~
6pp~ate~y ln th~ ~ertical poJlt~ on ~ovo oaah other
a~ld ~on~e~entl~ ~utlt amous~ ~ately to a f ro-3
lengt}l o~ h~lf thQ ldt~ o~! the ~knt~ $~ l:hQ ~ocurem~t
5 o~ ~ skat-s takes ~la~- ~n t~elr ae~lt~r, or ~li!Jhtly
more lf th- f~ecu~eme~t t~k~ ~lace acc~ntr~ c~lly ~n th~
flkates .
lt Jh~uld al~o bQ eD.~ured ~-r~ t~at t~e l~ n~
p~nte os the A~cus~ ng o~ t~ g ~?lat~ li~tly
10 ~ria~le ~s~. I.t-l l~gt~l botw~ two co~ t~
order to ut~ lizQ fully t~ lex~b~l~ ty o~ the I~Jcat~ in
~h~- r-g~ on u~-rn-ath the ~t-~A ~ plate . Th~ 8 ~ 8 ~o
sine~-, ln t~ a~e o~ a s-cusirL~ of the ~t~ ; no- ~?lat-
bQtw~en two c~ro~lsbar~ wb,~s~ th~ distas~c- ~tween th~e
15 ~ecuring ~?ol~ i8 r~ d, a~ a re~ult - apar~ f~o~ the
cleara~a~ ~ t~ ~o~nts - the d~ ~t~nc~ betw-cn tl~e
~cur~nç~ ;lnt~ o~ the co~neatln~ m~er on tl~ o~t~
~l~o fixed, ~ that ~he ~cat~n th~ n~ot ~lex ~tc,
o~ th~ would re~ulc in a d~ffereAcQ In lerLgt~ ln th~
2 0 r~gio~ .
~ mport~c for t~e f~ ctlon o~
de~ricn th~t the ~cat~ a~e de~ n~d to be moro ~ lo
a~d C!~r~ t - to 1:ho lo~g l~y vertic~ally oacu~r~ng
fo~c~ - ln th~ c~tral -e~lon, t~at 1~ ~o ~y the r~gio~
25 V~~ D~th th~ n~ tpl~te and b~twoon ~o ~ec~r~g
polnts o th- ~o~ tl~sJ m. ' ~ ~ tthat i8 to ~y the
cro~sb~r~) o. th~ ~katef~, t~n ir~ the s-gion of t~o
~cur~nent of th~ cros~bar~, Only ~n t~lJ way ~ lt po~-
~l~le that, for ~xa~ple when the 'clp~ o~ th~l o~ n5r
3a ~ r~ceE~ are ~ont u~ by ~ el~vatio~ of the ~1 e~c,
th~l e~tl~:e ~kato i8 de~ormed ~uch t~s~t ~ t~ l?o~t fl~ced
furthese ~ ~1 the dowuward direcC~ on i8 locat-d ln the
central re~lon.
~rOr this ~urpo~ t ~ o also ~eaa~-~y tha~ t~e
35 8c c~lng of ~e croo~as~ to th- ~ 'CC~ a cert~i3
~bll~ ty ab~ut ~ tra~nres~ely ~ or~ son~cal axi
i~ order to p~ t t~ flex~ n~ centr~
Thl~ poe~ S~I~y c~ o b~ prov~d-d by a a~L ~on~
~o~ nt~ e:L~g Fo~ le, w~ th lens~ cosnp~n~at~ on
21~6~1
._ _ 6
~otwe~3n t~o ~t~ r~ plate o~ She one l~d a~d tho
~IW~ v~ leve~ on the o~-r h~d.
~ ay be carr~ed out by a hort $ntor~ te
r ~t~ o~ It~~A~g pl~t~ toward ~ w~rol-
5 ~ ~ng lever or t~ aro~-bar or by ~ ~lexlbil~ ty o~ th~
chas2~e in l~gt~ on th~ ~t~n~in~r plste or betw~en ~ta~d-
lng pla~e ~nd the sd~ T c~ n t~a .
A~oth~r po~bility i- r~ot to ~ x the ~ecurlng
};~oint- of the csc~b~r~ to thn skato~ w~ th regard to
10 th~lr di~t~lc~ but to ~o-~çr o~e of the ~ecu~ ~r--n~ o
he 30~a~1a ~n t~e lon57~1t~A;~ dire¢tion. T~u~, ~kate aD.d
cro~bas ~y, or ~cuDpl~, b~ ~u~ ded di~ c-~ly o~ ~ac~
o~r ~n tha 10n~ n~l dlrect~o~, ~ pra~iou~ly ~Y~
re~t ~o~itlon bolr~g r~ d by mean~ o~ ~pri~ bias~i~g
15 w~n ~n dev~ ce ~ ~ ~ot b-ing 1 ~A~4 .
~ n ehe Ca~Q o a~ ~oA~ t o~ t~se wi~ter e~ort~
de-~cs ~2~g ~w~ tY~d~y pl~tc~ and ~o cro~ba~, the
Gt~ plat~ ~re~ gener~lly a~cured by ~eans of ~wi~el-
1~ng le~rer~- b~tween thH ~ront~ ~a~r cro~Phqrs~ ~n this
2~ aase, ~h~ swi~rel 1~5 l~v~r~ ha~r~ ~ wher~ prJ~t aB ~n
is2di~ridual part - at lea~t on~ leg ~ h ~ ~orizo~l in
tho neutral ponitlor~, prot~ud-~ outward ~ro~ thQ o~ ,rol-
ling ~xl~ toward the cro~a~ar and ~res ~E~ an arti-
aulatlng pa~ f or t~o ront or rQa~ ~d of a ~ n~
25 pl;~tQ. Thl~- tra~ Qre~--ly r~-n~ l~g i~ in t~ ~ ca~e
~sLt~r~ to ~e z~rr~ged a~ po~ibl~, in order al~c~
to ~nr~t a low--t po~lbl~ poE~ition of the ~-n~ g
plate .
Tbe era~ r~ly ~nn~ llr l~g 1~ 'chere~ore
39 arraIIg~d by ~a~ of ~ rtical y r~s~n~ leg only ~o ~ar
~o~re 1:he~ dc~t~ that, ~durlng ~ull dglng, th~t i~ to say
~rra~ t of th~, for e~ ~, t~re~ ~k~t~ on~ ab~ve
éh~ ct~er, t~e ~orisel~t~l leD of t~e u~or lnt. ~ -: ~t~
l?i8c~o ~till iu~t rus~ over Sha upp~r ~urfaeD of t~l~ Up~?er
3S ~kate, an~!l a~ a re~ult a colli~ion b~twe~ ~ d
J~ n~7~ n~ plate 1~ ~voldsd.
5~nio d~6 ~ h~$g~t bQtw~e~ the t:Za~A-
r~ely r~ ~ leg nd ~e ~--r sur~ace of the o~cateea~ ~e all ~e F ~ ~ ~ tho ~rt~er out tho 8wi~rQ~ n~
~14646~
._ -- 7
~x~ e~ lll~g l~.re~ os~ th~ h~d an~ croJ~-
. a on the ot~-r hand llo~ o~ t~ cro~sbar.
Irl th~ ca~o oi~ ~uch ~ winter syorttl devic~, tb.o
u~er ea~ ~t~ A i~ t~o ~:r~vollin9~ d~ r~c'c~ o, w~ th one boot
on ach of tl~e ~ lat~. By lo~~;n~ l:he o~e ot8~d-
~ng plate a~a s~lle~;ng the ot;ller 8t~ t~,
~f~Qt in h-~çrht of the ot~ plate~ wl th r~ at to
each ot~L-r S8 ~ch~ev-d ~ rona~ ntly - tra~lsmitted to
t2~ catQs - ~ edg:~g ~. - nt o:E tho skat~l, tho~r
11~ Jlidlng ~urf~c61~ cont~r~ to lie ~arall--l to c~c~
ot:~er, ~ut ~ g o:E~t w~ th re~p~ct to ~ach $n the
lo~gi~ dlr~ctt on ~d sdd~t; ~ no lQnge~r ly~ ng
in o~- pla~e b~t :Ln ~ced-a~art ~r~ l pl~n~ w~ t~
rel p-c'c 'co ~ac~ othQr.
1~ A~ot~ ol-lt~ cord~ng to t~e lntr~tton
m~ge~3 w$~h only one ~t~nd~ t~ lrre~p-ctive of ~he
n~er ol~ ~k~te~ e . il- th~n ~ . to a ~o~ve~t
~ ~d w~ t~ regard to ~cur~n~ and ~o~ltloning o~ t~
une~ but th~ forc- necQ~ary ~or the ~ o~ the
ao wint~r ~port~ d~ice ~8 muc~ 8 nd ~ho ~dglng can also
b~ ln~tiat~d ~uch re ~moothly. A~ogot~r, thi~ pro-
duced mu~h ~etter travol~n~ c~aract~zi~tics.
The tr~llt~ ~haracteri~t~ a~e positi~ely
~n~ 1~ part~cul~r ~ , when ~d~ing th~ wlnter
~or~J de~c~, t~o ~t ~t;~ ~l~to o~ th~ w~t-r ~port~
dev~ aa ~ 8 f urther r~o~ed ~r~ the ~l o~e t~an t~he u~
~ki, ~o t~at the loa~ n stron~er on ~e downh~ ki.
For th~ r~n, ~ dl~ad~nta~Qa~ to secure
thi~ ~glQ ~ A;n~ pla~e dl~ctly c~ntr~lly to thQ
3~ crosuba~ ~o ~e co~n~at-d. ~hin is ~o ~i~ce an ~dg~g
. t wo~ld thnn re~ult ~ a ~wi~ of the cro~-
bar about the ce~tr~l ~w~vall~g ax~ t~ r~s~ct ~o t~o
8~-n~ late, a~ ~ r~sult of w~la~ th~ c-~t~r ~o~t o~
~cb.e ~ pl~e~ would ~e ~h~ted fs t~e center ol~
35 t wl~t~r J~art~ dev~ce $n th- dlrQctioG o~ t~ ~low~h~ll
~k~. Simil~rly, a ~ a~tac~ng a~ th- ~t-~A~q ~lato
abQV~I t~l~ ar~ ~ lo d~l~ad~.rau~t~00u~, s~rlce t~Lo di~a~ce
b~tw-~n ~t~ n~ pl--t~ ~d ~te~ 1~ thQ ~ 1 po~lt~on
?e~ 'c a~ a r-~ult. ~r~ , a lo~t
214646:l
.
~o~-bl~ ~ po~nt o~ u~-r 4 ~ or, in
ordQr to Im~ a tho ~ Ql ~nçr ~hsracterist~ c~ aD.d t~e
co~er o~ gr~rity .
For th~ ~oason, th~ n~n~J plat~ ~s-~tuat~d
5 low~r t}~ per edcr~ of the croqrh:~rs, that i~ to
~ay for ~xam~lo in tho caJ~ o~ two aroJ~barJ o~o secur~-
ment bQtw~--n th~ cros~bar~ at ~ lower 1~rQ1, 0~ ~SI th~
cas~ 02l1y o~e crosnbar a~ o~c~ot~ t~, ~
t~At th-r~ apacQ :~oz a foot o~ th~l u~-r both to the
10 lof'c a~d ~o ~:he r~t o~! th- cro~bar, th~t i~ to ~lay in
~ront: of a~d ~ -h~n~ ~ t w~ s~en 1~ t:hc tra ~-lling
dlr-~ct~ on.
I~ order t:~ p~it ~ ., - t of the 1~ tr~A ~I n~
plate toward t~ tl~mhlll skata dur~n~ t~ dginçJ, the
15 ~t ~n~l~n~ plate 1J ~acurc~l ~o the ~ t~.n~ m~er~, ~h21t
i~ to ~ay th- cro~sbar~, ~uch that dur~ d~ ~g thsr~
ta~ place, a~ ~iewed ~ ~a d~r~ction o~ thQ t~avell~n~r
o~j e~:t, a sw~vel ~ ~ n~ t ~ Qn ~t~ n~ ~71~t- ~d
wh~ch doe~ ~ot ta~ lace about a f~x~d polnt,
~a a~ntral wit~ re~l?eat to t~e cros~bar, but a~out ~t l~ast
two d~ ~ r~ro~t ~ ng points or ~w~ p~ ~ nt8
C1~' ~J; n~ o~ing~ to t~e edging ~ t, w~ ch lle away
frcm t~ cent~r of the 8wi~.relli~ b~r.
A p~rt~ alllarly E~m~l~ t-c~ cal ~ol~tion i~
2!; ~ the cro~-~b-~r- C03pS"' ~ t ln t~e
re~o~ o~ ~;Lr S~oP.~a, ~ clo-~d hollow ~ro~le, and t:he
e of th~ cro~l~b~r w~ th r~pect to th~
sk~tQ~ c~n th~ o~o hand and t~e ~w:L~.rr~ ever~ hs
ot~-r han~ are r~al1zed with the aR~istanc~ o~ k8
30 wi i~ are rol~tlY~-ly lasse ~n ~ s~ on ~lt~ t~e~r ax~al
le~sth a~d flt ~ntc~ t~e ~ollow pro~le o~ t~e c~o~ib~r
ca~ b~ mous~t~d ~r~ th~ l~tter.
~ o ~ cord ~ ng to the ~I n~-nt~ e~r~
de~cribQd ;~ ~or- d~ta~ y u~y of x~4ple.5 ~ig. 1 J,~owa a ~ld~ Y~ aW of the ~raslaD.t~ h~wl~ two
nsr~ 8 ~d two ~t~ r plates ~
F1~. :2 ~ow~ a ~riew o~ olutior- o~ P'i5~. 1 ~ t:tLe
tra~rell~ d~sectlon w~ n--utral ce~tral po~i-
tio~,
... . . . .
214~6~
. . . g
F~ g. 3 s~ a~ edg~d po~ t~on ~n co~par~ ~o~ w~
~g. 2,
F~ pl~n Yi~w o~ a w~nter ~pQrt8 a~Y~ ce
havi~g o~sly cn~ cro~bar,
S FisJ. ~ sho~s a det~.ll~d Y'~ ~w of compon~atins
1~3t,
F~ g . G ~ a ~r~s~tal ~ aw o~ a ~olut~ on ~ n nQu~r~l
po~itlon,
Fl~. 7 ~OwO a repre8entatl0~ ed~-d ln co~apar~on wlt~
Fig. 6~
~lg~ 8 show~ a rQpre8-~ntat~0n ~G~Ordin~ to Figu~ 6
with as~ot~ olut~ on,
F~ g. g ~ow~ a _~ ~ . ~ t~tio~ according to Figu~ 4
w~th a~othe~ ~olutlon,
1~ F~g. lo ~how~ a pract$c~1 oolut~on ~ r to ~e
r~ ~t~t~on of Fig. 8,
Fig. 1~ ld-- ~d w of the E~olutJ on o;~ F~ y. 10,
Fl~ howtl 2~ ~o~:lim~t of a de~ig~ with r~p-cst to
~e t~n~ nt~tll~n of ~g. 9, ~n ~Jde
2 0 ~ w, ~d
Fis. 13 l~ho -~ a ~ ~ t~ b~ c repro~entat~ on aE~ a
~o~3~ f1a~t~oD. of Fl~. 12.
~g~re 1 ~ow~ a l~olu~lon i~ ~de ~rl~w, ln wh~ah
th~ user ~ta~d~ wlth }~ ~ont~ (2l) ~n th- ~o~g-~t~A~n- ~
2S direction on se~ar~cQ ~ ~ pl~t~J (7~ w~ich are
arranged ~ ~r~ l ~d ~re c'c2d ~y 7n~ of two
crc~ ba~n [~.~ to t~-, ln thl- aane, t~ kate~
aan b~ en ~tt~ ln t:~e ~ro~t~l ~riew af F~Ur~- 2, ~-h~c~
~Ihow~ th- non-edS~ed, n~utr~l centr~l ~?o~ition. In
30 F~gure 2, l:wo d:;fere~t ~bo~mlr~t- o~ the cor~ect~on o
t~e ~t~ t- (7) c~r o~ tho Jw-~ nr le~rer (8) ~o
the crol~3ro (4) ~r- .L~ ,ted on th~ le~t slde and
right ~ide.
I3 t~l~ a;~o, th-- k~te 2 1~ ~A to b-- ~le,
. 5 ~ particular in ~ta centr~l l~n~thw~J- r-~ion 201, ~at
to o~y ~ r-~on b-tW ~, t~- b~ ~g block~ 0 for
t~e, c~ ,, to flox ~ the u~rd ~d do~ rd
d~rectlo~2~, corse~p~ o the vertlcal lo~d~ occurr~n~
~d ~orm o~ rly~ u~a¢~.
. ~ 2~46~
--- -- 10 --
In thls aao~, wlth vQrtlc~l pr~ure on t~e t~
of e lakatQ fras~ Qlow 1~ th~ u~ward dlrac:t~on, a flQx-
is~g of tho k~te ca~ all~o 'ca~co ~?lacQ ~ ~ t~a ce~tr~
r~gion 201 i~ the dow~ard dlr-ct~ on, f~r wh~ch reaao~
thQ slcatQB ~ra to ~ deo~ d to be m~re rl,~$~!1 in
regiDn~ ~02 o~ tho ~r~n~ th~ bearinq blocX~ 40 ~a~
i~ the ~tr~ SoSal03 201- ~t t~e ~ tl~ t ~ust b~
ponsibll3 to ~--~t ~ slig~ t~s~lng o~ 'che ~earin~ ~loc~cs
4~, ~d con~e~u~tly o~ t~ cros~barç~ 4, a~out ~ axi~
s~n~ icula~ly wit~ re~pect to the ~ of ~Q
d~aw~ ng ~>~ Fag. 1. W~ th ccr~eJ~^~A~ flexl~g of th~
ta, th~ po~ le ~f elt~or ~- t-n~3~n~ ~late 7 ~
con~Qcted joint~dly ana by me~ 0~ ~ ~erLgth com~en~tion
- as ~p~4~ted ~ Flg. 1 - to the cro~ar~ 4 or,
~nstQad o~ th~, t~n s~cur~ng el the be~rin~ bloc~e~ 40 to
the sleatc~ 2 all.c~ ,ht swltrQl ~ n~J about a~ ~c~
n~çr per~e~d~ul~rly w~t~ re~-at to t~o pl~e o~ th~
draw~ ng .
Th~ a~ i~ alwayo to Q~ect by 3 d~fl--c~:~ng of
the ~t~ plate (7) or o~ th~ ~wiYelll~s5 lever ~8)
fram th- horizont~l c~ntral po~it~ 03, ~-o-called ed~:~g,
~180 a corr~.t ~ A ~ ~ edg~ ~g of th- ~k~ea (2 ), ~ n order
~o achle~-- goo~ edçle 5~S~ o~ th~ 8katQ8 ~;~) on ~ ~lop~,
a~ r- pr-s-nted ln F~l ~re 3 .
2S This 1E~ ac~ v-~d ~y, os~, tho one hand, tl~.e sk~ca
t2 ) ~l~g ~ ointadly ~ ted to the cso~a~ (4 ) a~d,
on t~e otho~ h~d, by thQ aro~d~aro ~ beinsJ ~o~todly
aor~ecé~d to ~ 4~a~ ns;r s;~ e (7~ or the ~re~
le~rer t8), ~h~t i~l to ~ay ~nd~rectly to tha boot (21~,
3 0 t~ ~w~ t S, 6 ) of th~se ~ olnt~ not ly~ ny
par~ll-l wit~ ree~pect to ~e longat~ ~x~ (9) ~ut ~t
nglQ ~r~to.
A~ ca~ be ~a~n in F~gure~ ~-3, ~ aros~bar~ ~4~
ar~ a- ~y~ h the fre~ e~d~ r ~ G~.~- (lD)
~5 d~r~at~ ly ~a~rd ~d dc~ rart!l, the ~!ree e3~d- of
t~Q ~ y~ ~0) ~i~s~ ~tad ~out t~ obll~ ly up-
WEI dly ris 3g~ ht~ n~ ax$~ t6~ re~pec--
ti~ly ~n ~ ~a~r~g ~ ) of o~e s~cat- ~ ~) ea~. T~a
~or~n~tls~g c~ g o~ ~e cro~bar ~4) ~ n~c~t~d 'co
21~6~6~
11
'eh~ n~xt co~o~ t ~y ~e~ of ~wl~ r ax~
r~n~ parallel ~th r~p-c~ to t~ owlv~ ng ~xi~ (6).
1~.8 ca~ ~e ~e~s~ ~ F~ ç~ure 1, 1~ th~ ~'ront ~a~t,
this may ~ re~ 1 ~n~ r ~8), a8 also reprE~E~ented
S i~ F~ ~uro 2 ~ t~a le~e ~ o~ t~e ~igure, ~-~1 c~t h~o a
horlzontal leg ~19) ~n order 'co ~c~e ~h~r-~n ~ boot
~21), a ~;r~ 7 el~es~t: or tho l~ke, ~or exa~le ~y mea~
o a hi~ t3S) w~th ~ ho~l~ont~ nge axi~.
~ r~pre~ t~d ~ ~lguso 1, a co~ t~ g
10 ~laé- t7) i-~ ~acured tb.-r~ ~-L.~an~ t~e OW~Vt~ ~ lever
(8) of t~e ro~t croo~b~r (4) ~nd tho ~e~r cro~ ar (4)
by mean~ of hlns~o~ (3~, 3~i and 37) wl~l~ horisontal h:ngo
axes, on w~ich pl~t~ ~o boot (~1~ c~ be ~r:caD,ged
~xRdly or s~lY star~ ~ t~ ~"~ s~t~r~--~ tha 8wiv~1-
15 l~ng le~rer ~8) o:~ the ~ront cro~o3~ar t~ l t~e front
end o t~o ~plate (l) th-r~ t~ on-l ly
arranged ~n l~ ca~ l~ÇJth c!o~p~nsation a~ i~t~r-
rcr (13 ) ~ , by ~h~ngi~g its obl~ posi -
t.~ g by me~ o~ hlnge~ t35, 36) arran~ or~ ~ach
20 ~d~, in oplte o~ ~ los~sth a:~ ~e ~tar~ late (7~
re~nl1~ consta~t, cos~p~n~at:e~ ~or ~ ch~ins~ di~t CQ
betwe~n the resr h~ 37) and the ~sont ~i~go (~5),
W~ C~U~ed by lt ~ing po~s~bl-- wh~n tra~el~ or
~here to be ~ ~le~dns of thn ~c~te (~ t~ the
B~c~n~n~ pl~te (7), a~d d~ to thin connec~lon t~o
dint~nc- be~we~ t;h~ two ~ointa al~o change~.
Inst~ad o~ th~ ~nt~ Pt~ r 3, t~e l~ngt~
Compen~at~Dn aarl al~o be ~r~s ~ y ~t laa~t one of th~
~wo b-~rl~g bloak~ 4 0 ~e~ ~g ~ecured d~ ~pl~ce~bly i~ t~e
n lonsi'c~ t d~r-at~on o~ th-~ kst- 2, as repr-~entod
b-t~er in detal~l In Flg. 11.
I~ FlsJur-- 2, ln co.tra~t to thQ le~t S~lf o~ t~e
t `~ 8 re~?res~t~-d ln t~Le right h--l~ o~ th~ figur~
t~t, ~iv~n le~gth ~ t~on ~d t~o z~vo~ da~c-- ol~
3 ~ ~utu~l ~~dra~Qe. th~ late (7) czLn
e art~ c~ t-d d l re~:~cly by m ~ ~e ~er
~w~ ng ~(5) on the Croo~ar (4).
J:n t~ ~ta~ion ~ccord~g to ~ur-~ 2 ~d
3, the owl~ ~g l~r ~ 1 th~ ~t~ plato 7 o~
~ 2146 1~
_ 12 -
tho two ~ eB ~re ~eld in th~ ~eutral central po~ tion
a te~ion spring (38) arr~ged ~n beL. --~, whlc~
artlculated on thee~ tw~ r~ n~ ~t~l, ~ t~e v~ wl2~g
d.irection o~ Fi~are 2, at point~ w~ich arQ loca'ced 1:o an
5 ~d~guat~ t w~ n t~- ~w~ ~ ~cas (5) o~ 1:h~
cc~nponent~ .
W~ deflec~g for ~dging, a~ rQpre~ented in
F~ure 3, aB a r~lt t}~e di~ts~e b~tween t:he art:Lc~la-
tion poi2~,t~ ~,~ar~ d, o th~t t~e more ~ b l y
otre~sed ttme~n ~pr~g (38) ha~ th~ sy t~ d~w t~
t~ (7) or ~wl~ rer~ ~) back ~to
t~e~ r 3Leu~ral ~a~tral pO8~ t~ ~n.
In~ead of ~y two cro~bnrR t~ ap~r~c
th~a lo~g~ A~ d~l s~ctl03, It 1.~ r^ - ~lo for ~ll ol~
15 ~a-o ~ t~ b~ real~ed by o~ly a
J~s51- cr~ ), ao the l~olut~o~ re~r~oe~ d ~ plan
aw accordlng to Figure2 8 ~how~ in t~i~ c~se, t}~o
crossbar ~140), ~-sha~ed ln ~ w, 1~ de~ d ~uch
t~at, ntar~ln~ Ero~n ~ c~s~tr~1 ~lat- ~r~ xt-nd~ tr~m--
2 0 ~ ely o~rer all th- ~kate~ (2 ), ~ n thQ ~!ront r~glon and
re~r res~l on t~e p~ong~ (lQ~ ex~e~a dow~ward to tha
bearlng blocks (40) o~ the ~kate~ (2). ~or reason~ o~!
~a~rin~ material and welght, t~e aentral pla'ce $~ ~n th~
casQ ~esi~ to ~ r~l~t~ hort, ~o that th- ~..G~
25 llO) ~r~ loc~t-d ~t aontl~luat~os~s ext~ ~ forward and
r~ !~051~ ~e a~tral plat~ and rl~n~ n th~
lon~lt-~A~ d~rect~ on.
~n Figure 5 ~here i8 al~o reprosented a d~ta~led
801Ut'e OII, in whlch, ~ t~ad o~ the ~ntas~adlate l-v-r
30 (13), ~ ngth _: _ rJ~tlo3 ~1 aah~ov-~l d~rec~ly ~y the
~tructural ~ ~ o t~ 7er ~w~rell~g ~ci~ (S): whil~3
~e ~ o ~ (4~ is mounted ~ th6l way de~a~$bed ~ove l~y
~-a~ o~ ~ue ~wl~ n~ ~xe~ ~C) at lt~ lower ~ree
ends :1~ t~e L~ar~g ~lock~ (40) of t}:Le ~;at~ft (2), th-
3S up~or w~ 17~ axa~ ~5) ~r- r~ d ~y be~lts ~14~),
pa~ p;~ra~,lel wit~ respect to the. lower ~elli~
a~ci8 ~6) t~rough ~ cro~bar ~4). Th~ reo e~d o~ th.
bolt ~14!~ n t~J ~ C~e lo~t-d ln ~n long~t-- hole or
~lot ~L ~o ~ o~d o~ ~ 03d ~iec~ (14~), a~c~ ~y b~,
21~61
13 -
for ~x~mpl~, ~art Qf the ~ ~ plato (7~ ~nd runs ~ub-
etantially pa~allel to ~h~ ~r-at~Qn o~ the pro~ tlO)
o~ t~Q croa~ar ~4). Tha end ~iece (144~ ted
~ rotatio~ally ix~d ~Ann-r by ~Qan~ of a crQ~s pin ~143
~o ~he bolt ~1~5~ and can ~ tion~lly ma~Q back ~nd
~orth alo~g the lo~gi~A~n~l d~rect~o~ o~ th- lattQr o~
acco~nt o~ de6~gn as a ~lot or olong t~ ~ola, as a
re~ult o~ whic~ t~e leng~h ~om~ atlo~ h~d.
~ addition, the le~t~ ~o~p~oat~o~ ~8 ~a~l~tated by
t~e ~olt ~145) whlch ro~ o the u~o~ ~wi~ n~ axl~
t5) not b~r~ug w~tS i~8 ~ ~ap~ na ohoul~er~ ~141)
~ tly - r~t t~ e~d Çacas ~1421 of the cr~bar t4),
but ~stead by mea~J o~ -nn~ rubber buf~er~ ~113)
~-h~C~ ara ~c~ in b~tween and c~ ~mpre~d ~n
15~he dlr-ctl~ of the bolt ~145), and a~ a re8~1t lik~w~e
-11 f ~r a l~ngth compen~a~on~
A further ~Olue$o~ for ~u~ a ingle, u~form
l~te or ~n~t~ ~ta, ~ut with a ~imple ~truc-
~ral ~olutlon, ~- ~how~ by ~gur~s 6 and 7;
~0~h-r- . in the ea~e of a w~nter sportJ de~c- 11)
h~ng o~y two ~kate~ (2~ a~d acaordln~ly al~o only two
0~ 2~t eac~ cro~r (~ the twa ~i- elli~g
r~ ~) ~r~ f~rmly i~t-rr~ ted by an lnt~r~^~te
~ec-, form$ng ~ ~ 8t~ 5 ~late or a ~ocuring
el~m nt for a ~ 5 ~tc.
Thil ~t~ nS~ ~lat9 il~ ~ n turn r~ o~ n~--dlycon-
n~ct~d by mQan~ o~ intermadiat- lc~er~ (~5~ to tho
crn~ th~ rm-d~ata le~er~ t25~ ~-nn~n~
~ cro~ h oth~sr ~d ~Q~ng se~pe ti~ely co~ ted on th~
on~ h~nd to ~ 8~n~ pla~ and on th~ oth~r h~n~ to
th8 angl~ le~r.
A further ~olu~on ~ ~ow~ ~y ~gur~ B, wh~ch
~how~ ~h- c~ arallelogsam asticulations t~r~,
the ;~:~dual ~WiVQ~ lin~ lev - r~ ~ 8 ) aro ~ ~ach Ca~Q
3 5 o-parat~ly artic~l~ted ~o~ntodly on th~ cro~ r ~4)
relat~ely far ~o th~ out~ide. ~ ~ddltlon~ ~o~e ~wi~l-
11ng l~vers (fl) ar~ qQr~ t-d by m~8 of le~ror8 (101)
~rtlaul~t-d aaontrlo~lly of ~ho swi~llin~ ~xis w~th
t ~o th~ cro~ars r4) to t~Q ok~ ), on ~ h
~ 2146461
_ _ 14
the le~er (lûl~ 1~ kewl~e acts 1~ ~u~ .w~y :I!r~ t~e
Yw~ll ~g ~cJ 16) bet~ee~ cro~s~ar t4~ a~d ~k~te (2) .
~ t~e le- er as~ o~ tl~,e ~wl~ t5) o
t~ vell~g lev-r ~8~ ~ larger t~n tl~e lenre~ arm of
5 the tnrl~ 6) of t~e ~ate t~), thlo ~l~a
raa~lt~ e~ re edg$Ag. In ord~r to ~ure a
u~ifona ~dgi~g ~ent o~ t~o two ~lcat~ (2 ), and cos~,-
oe~u~nt1y al~o o~ two ~w~ve11i~s lev~r3 (8), ~-ro 18
addit~ onally 1~ _ tlt~ -n t~e ~wo ~wive~ Ov~rc (8) a
10 le~er (~00~, b~'l ''l' 1ikowi~e aC~s ~ turs~ aw~y ~ro~ the
6wiv~ n~ ~xe~ t5), o~ t~e ~w~v^~ 1 ~"r le~rers (8~ th
e~ ar~.
Th~ lever~ 1~0, 101 ~d 102 are ab~olu~ly n-c~
~ary i~ the ~3wlv2~ ee~ 5 a~d 6 n~ ~a~a~lel with
15 rs~?ect t~ lca~ee~, that ia to say hQr~ ~onta~ ly.
I~, b ~ va , th~ 1wlv~ n~ ax~ 5, 6 re
incllned at ~ a~gle wit~ r--~p-ct to the ~ ne o~ t~
~cat~ :2, ehe add$t~Q~ v-rs 100, 101 as~d loa are nQ~
~olutely nscc~ ~t can ~ ;1; tat- the force trans-
20 mi~3ion ~ro~ th- ~w~ r~lling 1~ ra 8 . a~d conl- 3suently
the stS~n~ p1~t~ 7, of th~ uoor to th~ skat~o 2 ~d
~ric~ r~a.
~ t~s se~ue, ~ s~ J~gure~ 10 and 11 t}~-r~ ~8
otrua~u-al ~l~o~t~e~t of a ~olutio~ ~ ~ h - a- evld~t
a5 i~ id~ w ol! a co~ect~.ng ~n~t ls~ Fsg. 11 - the
nw~-relling ~x~ 5 and 6 ar~ iD.c1~n-d at a~l ang1e w1th
r-~pect to the hori~o~ta1, tha~ is to ~ay th~ ~las~q of
thl3 slcate~.
N~ r~e~ the two ~w1v~ ~ 1e~ers 8 - a~
3 0 ~ S~ u ~ ~ the ~ro3t~ w 0~ F~ g . 10 - ar~ opar~-
~1~a1y ~t~ ted ~ o~ a lQv~r 100. T~i~
~1ut~on 18 dlstln~ad ~y be~ a:L~p1e to a~ ~d
~y ~e pos~si~ y o~ usinS~ mator1a1~ ch ca~ot ab~o~b
very h~ ~ ~urf~e pre~sur~ s
5'he ~ a~ ~E~e8 a ~ O~ed ~ro~le ~07,
whlch ~ ~ op~ on the u~sr ~id o~ Plg. 10 ~d co~
~-ntly t~a ~ ~ar J~J,aa $~, accQ~ibl~ .
st c~ ~ J----n ~ F;g. 11 t~t t~L~r~ ~ ~ ~nr 7tod
i3 ~ rot~t~ l y ~ ~ to th~ ~bli~ue ~earl~
21~4~
. . - 15 -
block 40 a r~ atl~ ~ly large disk 206, whiah r~re~e~
the axial bolt for the lo~er ~w~ ~relli~ axis 6 .
~ a d~ ~lc 2 0 6 i- proYi~led i~ the --r ~ o~ pool
wlt~ a larger out~ d~ cir¢u~fere~¢e on it~ end faces, }~y
s ~ea~a o~ it i~ mou~ted in corresr~r~A S ~1~ bo~e~ o~
~he hous~ng ~07 of ~h~ bar 4. For thi~ pur~ose, dur~g
aaclQmbly, t~c~ b~r 4 ~ ~ ~su~h~d onto th- dlo~c ~06 $~ t~2e
~xial clir-a tlon, ~ to -y ~rc~m the top r~ ~t ~ n
Flg. 11, ~d iD e~ecure~d t~ere . A~proY~"a t:ely ~ n l;he
lt) centar o~ lts ax~ ngth, th~ d1J~c ;206 h~ at~on Of
reduced d~a~t~r dub t~ ~ y~Q~- :209~
The h.y~ ~W~ ~e~ ax~ ormed by the
rota~ 0~ ly ~xed ~ t~ o~ o~ thc dls~c ~05 eo tha
~ ally pro~cti~ ~xial bolt3 205~ l~-rt-~ a~er~~
15 thar~. Ax~ olt~ ~05a re 30u~tod by th--lr ~ro~ection
r~ ? in 'cho ~ro~ 2Q7 o~ ~e croa~ar 4 . T~n~ dl ~c
20~ ocat~d ~ r ~p~ce o~ the pro~ile ~07 and
~ the lat:~r tc~ th- gr~at~lJt axtent both ~n the ax~al
dlr~ctlc~n :~nd ~n th-- di~tral d~ rc~ction.
ao ~ 05 ~ t~ ~ c~e ~l~o ~ng~g-~ ~n the
y ~ 209 o~ t~s n~ orl~sr. parall~ ded d~ dc ao6
a~d ~ills 'ch~ .OG~.~ 207 ~lu}~tant~ ally complat~ly fram
o~ si~e w~ll 2~a to t}~e ot}~e~r.
ra8ult, UpO~ rad~al lo~ al
~olt ~05a as~d it~ con~eguen~: sh~'cng w~ t~ r-~S~ect to ~
~eor~tiaal t~wivsll~ axla S, not o~ly do~s th~3rQ takQ
pla~n ;~ ~ce ~r-~uro ~-:L,~ae2~ the axial bolt 205a ar~d
~ ~ollow prof~l~ 207 carryinSI it, ~ 177~ on aaco~t of~
'~he ~all contact ~urfaLes r-tlulta in r-lat~ ly his~h
~r~ac~ pr~ur~a. Rather, ~t th~ a~e t~e the diElk ~OS
~rmlsr co~- e-d to ~he ax~l bolt 20~;a i~ ~yG~t~Qt by
lt~ bord~r~s~sJ eud ~-c-~ both on th~ ~nner ~ur~acQ~ of t~o
~llaw pro~ 207 and o~ th~ ldo w~ll 208 of
t~e y~ 2t~9 o~ th-l r-~h~ 8~c 20~;-
c~ --~ u~t of ~ s~rcat enl~r~r~ t o~ t~ co~-
tact ~urfaa~ ~d tS~ bl~, l~rgo lov~r ~n~s ~ th~
~..p~o L o~ ~ ~t o~ t~Lo l;~r5p di~et-r o~ th- d~ ~k 5,
there ~ con~e~aue~tly altos~Qt:her a r-lati~--ly low ~us~ce
prO~ur- b~ ~ th~ ~art~ b~-s~r ga~o~ onl~ z~o~or.
-
214646~
- 16 -
on, th~ A ~ r~ c~io~ occurri~g
bae~ n 'che ond ~ac~ or c~ rcu~er-~t~al ~urfac~ of the
d~ ~k ~ d ~ hollo~ Frofll~ 20~ or t~e dJ ~ 06
no~llg~l~ .
Q~ th~ ~xial ~olt~ ~O~a th~re ara ~ e
~aur~d ~n a rotat~ y ~lx-d ~n~ thQ ~ llln~
~r~ ~, wh~ ~ Se ~--n ln F~S~. 10.
Con~e~-nt:ly, by the le~rer 100, w~l a~ t~raor~-
nect~3 the two dlsk~ ~05, tke two ~wi~ell~ r~ 8 are
10 al~o operat:~ely ~nter~nnsqted.
T~o l~ro-- 100, ~h~.ch ln tlle a~ hl ed ~tat
l~k~ Q locat-d co~l~t~ly w~thl2~, th~ hollow cro~b~r ~,
~ 8 doubl~ ra~c~d ~n t~e pl~e o~ t~e ~r~h~ n
_nalogy with th-- latter~ and i2~ o~erat;- ely con~ected to
di~ 205 by mea~s o~ ~n oac~ ca~ a i o~t bolt 211,
w~l a~ ~ ~ co~ect-d to th~ ror 100 and ngag-~ in a
corr-e~ ecco~trica~ ly a~ god bore ~ ~aid di~k~
205 .
~ a ~ t of t~e obll~ue ~ relling axo~ 5, 6,
:2~D it iJ ~ C t~at th~ t~c- ~-tw ~ th~l ~ol~t bolt~
al~ ~ egual te~ t~o dl~t~c~ be~ee~ the two ~w~
ax~ 5.
By 0~ th~ c~r~ t~ ng~ lever 100, I:he edginsl
~no~ mt o~ e o~e ~w~ell~g le~r~r 8 ~ addit;~ y
25 tr~nsmi tt~d purely moal~ cally to the other ~wi~elli
l~ver 8 for po~iti~e Sr~ nce by t~t~ o~l~que ~oa~t~on~n
~ th~ ~w~voll~n~ ~xea 5 d 6 . Ju~tl~esmore, by a~ ~:~Ly~-
ment o~ a E~pring 38 ba~ween th~ lever 100 a~d the ho~a:L~g
2 07 o~4, ~ r-~eor~ ng o~ thQ o~tir-
3~ ~e~ ~- n-utr~l c~nts-1 ~o~lt~o~ ~ ~ ff~ct~d
on a~co~t o~ Jln~ ieh c~ pre~-r-bly ~- Jot.
~or t~ ~.t,o~ ~?rinS~ 3 8 ~ ?ped ~round
~rojectior~ 216, w~c~ ~rotsud~ o..lm~tely
~ r ~r~ th~3 loYer 0 0, 8~ 70~ tcd ls~. rot~-
3!; t~o~nlly ~ced - ~-- to o~$d pro~ction ~16 ~ _~ of
a no~a 217 at ~ ~laco OD. ~ c~ rc~s~r~ce o~ ~a~d
~?roj ectioSl 216 .
T~ s~r~Sr 38, br~ce~d by th~ ~ro~ea'c;~o~l Z16, $~T
suE~port~d by ~t~ end~ ln~t C0~ ~9pon~ ~n~ 9t
21~6~
. ~ .
218 1~ the in~;Ld o~ e ~ prof~ 07. A8 a rQ~ul'c,
upon ~~re~t of ~he l~r 100 i~ tho dire¢t~ or~ toward
ono o~ ~h~ ~top~ 118, th~ a ~art of ~he a~r~g 38 ~ ~
def~ tc~ a d~a~- ~r~ Lion~t- ex~erlt an~ der
gs~tAr ~ as~ ns, wh~ c~ br~ng~ out the r-~tor$~ lnto
t}~e neutr~l a~ral ~oa~t~on.
~r' hr ~ ~ ~ nglt~ plac~abllity of
the bear~n~ block 4~ w~ th reapoc~ 'co the skate 2 ~ r~-
re~nted ~ F~ Sr- 11 s a s~o~ 214 o~ the ~ka e ~sotrude~
from ~low into B 1D~$t LGo~ 21~ of the beari~g
h~ , On eaah ~d~ of th~ noo~ 240 t~ere are ins~rt~d
$nto the a:~d ~lece~ o the g~oo~,~ ao~Lar~ion ~rlng~
213, w~ich br~ng abotlt a reetorin~ o~ t~e ~ e in
l~t~ ~to a~ ~v~ fiiaged ce~tral po~itlon when the
lo~ o~ ehe ~ort~ d~rlce i~ d. T~ b~r''sg bloalc~
40 or i he ~w~vel~ ~n~ axe~ 6 a2~e ~n thl~ a~e ge~erally
tuated on the long~ 2:ud~ l center o 'c~e ind~du~l
~kate~ 2.
~ot}-er ~olut~o~ wi~h rQ-p-ct to the ~S~ Jo~Ution~
2 0 o~ ~ g. 4 i~ ~how~ ~y Flg . g s
r-, o~ly t~e two ~w~ n~ l~ver~ 8 o~ on~
s~de ~E~ rQ8pectiy~ly i ~turr~n - tca rig~ dl~r to ~ac~
o~-~r ~n ~ rot~ n~lly fi~c~d ~ ~ by slle~n~ o~ a
lo~ç~lt~ o~ t99) ~ ~or ~x~le ~ ~q~ar~ tube.
~5 The r~Jultl~g l~ft as~d riSJht ~wl~r~llin~-le~er
t8 are aou21ed to e~ h ot~r by me~- ol' a fror~t as~d
~ r~ar l~-v~r ~ach (100), ~rh~ ~h ac~t ~o~tedly on th~
8w~ vel~ lng-lever u~lt- ~bo~ro or ~--low ths upper ~r~ ve:L-
lir~g aXiB 5 .
A~ - t~ n~9~, ~sound tho bolt wh~ h ro~ll~-- J
th~ ;~ ax~ ) there 1~ a tor8~0n ~ri~g
(g~ thQ ~orm of a e~iral ~pring, or so~ori~ o
the n~L- 1 po~tio~.
In ordor to ~nsuse unifosm ro~ce introduction,
3~ ~h$~ ~u~p~ent 1~ rocosm~ ~a~l ~ ~t all the Yp~es sw~vQl-
llng axe~ t~) ~nd~or ~l~o ~t ~11 th~ low~r swi~all~n~
ax~ ~6).
~ structur~l embodlmont o~ a connact~n~ unlt,
d~s~^~ on th~ pr~nclpl~ of ~. 9, ~8 shown by
~ 2146~6~
-- 18 --
Fig . 12 :l~ ~idQ ~iew,
In t~- ca-n, ~-.r~rc~, ~h- dging mo~ nt i~
add~ ~los~ally al80 tr~ çh~ cally ~or t~e
a~ ue po~ t~ on~ ~g esf t~e Jwl~rol ~ 5, 6 w~t:~
rQ~pRct to the plz~o o~ the~ s~c~te~ ~:
A~ ca~ b~ o~e~ b~ttor i~ t~e ~af~c repren~ntat~on
o~ F~ . 13, :!or t~ ~?U~o~- the b-~r~ p~n 203~, whioh
re~?re~nt~ t~e ~?p-r ~ n~ 5 b~ n eh- aroJ~-
~ar 4 ~ nd t~- ~w~ell~ng lo~r~l 8, ~8 l~gt~ -n~ tO SJ~e
a ar~ - ~r--r--ra~ly alSogether o~e-~iece - o~af t 2 03
~th a ~econd ~ear~ 03~, wh:Lc~ ~ of~et rad~lly
~it~ re6pec~c ~o t~e f~ t be~r~ pl~ 203~ and onda ~n
t~, ~re-- end o~ a l~l~rer 204, ~ b i~ ~otod to ~e
~katQ a.
In thl~ ca~ ho ~ronSrs o~ tha aroJ~b~r
arranged not contrally, but ecc~ntr~¢a~ly o~ th- longi~
t~ nal cent~r of ~e ~kat~ 2 and th~ add~ t~ o~ v~
aD4 lskew:L~, bu~ on th~. oppo~ to Jf de Q~ e lorLg~ tudi-
ne-r ~ro~ ~e ~c~ri~sr of the cro~bar~ 4.
~ ~iB case, the indlYidual leve~ 204 ~y ~ o
}~e suppleD~e~ted ~y m~ a tr3~ rJ-ly r~nn~n~ yoka
~ n the aen~o of t~e ~Q~r lC O to g~ ~ro ~ ~lecond cro~3bar
4~ ~t~ c~l ~ th- aro-~lb~r ~ .
A aolut~ or ~; a ~cructural dos~ repre-
~ent~3d i~ side v ew ~ n Flg . 1~:
I~ t~lw c~ c t~r~ c~ a th- arr~ 't
2~3, w~ch l a ~unted at it~ o~ ~ear~ng p~n 203a ~ ~h~
upper ~WlY~ axis 5 in ~e cro~ ar~ T~e ¢ro~bz~r 4
nou~ted at it~ low~ frne es~da ~ n ~uc~ a way e~at lt
can ~w~-~rel about: th~ ~wlY~ll~ ax~ 6 by ~ a~ a
~arl~g ~olt al5 1~ the ~ r~n~ ~loak 40, 'ch~ ow~relllng
~xe~ 5 ~nd 6 r~-nn ~ t~so lo~glt~ direct~ on
parz~ t~ r~oet to eac~ other, but at a~ a~le wltl~,
r~s~ect to ~ ~oriztal.
~ ted ~ a r~ta~ y ~ r to t~
ear~ng pin 203a 1~ the ~wl~relli~ l-~Y~r 8, to ~ t~e
tlo~2 99 or th- ~t~ ~ platn ~ E
~ecured~
Furt~e~mo~a, ~t~rrea~ ng to t~ r-~r-ou~tat~o~
~ 214~4~1
. . . lg
o~ ~lg. 9 ~ re ~ ~ conc-s~trJ c~lly ~rr~nsJQd arou~d the
upp-r ~ elli~ 5, and co~e~ntly th~ ring ~n
203a, a ~or~4 on sprl~g 98, ~ h ~ ted on th- o~-
ha~d to ~he b~arl~g ~s~ ~03a a~d on thQ ot~r ~and to t~o
5 c~ns 11~ ~ 4 ~d, on l~caount o~ ~ t~ :~J a~ ng~ $ch
pr~r~y c~ b~ -t ef-ct~ 'che re~torin~ o~ t~a
d~rial~ ~to a re~t p~sit~ c: ~ a~ar reli~ .
T~e seco~d bear~g pln 20~ i8 8Q~ d ~ a
correspoT~ns born of i~ e~ch ca~o O~lO 14~r :104, w~ch
10 prc~rud~ 3pasall~1 to th~ a~c~-ba~ 4 ~so~ B co=on
~rlng hl ~ 40 ~d i J m~u~ted or~ th- latt-r about a
b~ar~ bolt 215, corrc~r^rcl~ to th~ low~r ~wi-r~lli~s
axi~ .
In Fig. 1~ it can al~o bn r~ee~ that tho co~l~t~
15 ~Qar~n~ ~to~ J,O ~a ~ ly ~n~t~d s~oé o~r~r it~ entir~
~r~ , but o~ly ~In ~ tJ c~er, to t~e 81cate 2, ~ a
r~ult o~ lch 3 slight ~wi~relli~g capa~i3,ity o~ t~e
co~nplet~ ~e~ring hln~ 40 i~ po~ble wlth re~pect to t~
~akate ~ about an axi~ oularly with
re~pec t to t~ pl~Q o:~! t~e ~s~,w~
TrlT~I ~I JG I
