Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
W095l05609 ~ 2 1 6 9 7 ~l PCT~S94/09126
..
SYSTEM FOR MONITORING REMOTE VENDING MACHINES
Technical Field
The present invention relates to communications
systems in general and, in particular, to systems for
monitoring the operation of one or more remote vending
machines and transmitting data from the remote vending
machines to a central computer system.
Back~round Art
This application is a continuation in part of
Application U.S. Serial No. 08/108,815 filed August 18,
1993, System For Monitoring Remote Vending Machines.
Vending machines, once provided by bottlers or
shopkeepers solely as a secondary source of advertising or
as a convenience to customers, are now viewed as
significant sources of income. However, in order to
operate a series of vending machines at a profit, an
efficient system must be provided for adequately insuring
security, maint~;n;ng, filling and removing money
collected at the machines. Typically, a route of a number
of vending machines employs service technicians who
restock the machines, empty money and perform minor
repairs on-site. These technicians often have a schedule
to visit each vending machine at a predetermined time
interval. The particular time interval used is often
based on prior experience concerning when the machine will
need refilling or when the change box will become full.
If the service visits are too infrequent, the machine can
remain empty for a period of time, thereby missing sales
opportunities. Alternatively, if the service visits are
too frequent, then the service technician's services are
not being efficiently used. Also, visits are typically
scheduled over a route of machines grouped together by
geography no matter a particular machine's service needs.
In order to help vending machine operators
become more efficient, prior systems for monitoring remote
WO95/~5609 2 1 6 9 7 6 l pcT~ss4lo9l26
vending machines have been proposed. For example, Sedam
U.S. Patent 4,412,292 discloses a system that monitors the
status of a vending machine and transmits data to a
central computer via a dedicated phone line. Cedrone U.S.
Patent 4,766,548 discloses a system for monitoring the
operation of a machine and periodically reporting data
from the machine to a central computer via a non-dedicated
telephone line.
While such prior art systems have been available
for several years, they have not achieved widespread use
in the marketplace. One reason for this is that these
systems require each remote vending machine to be
connected to its own telephone line. Providing each
vending machine with a telephone line presents numerous
problems including the fact that the telephone company
must be called to install a line for each machine. The
telephone line ext~n~;ng from the machine is subject to
vandalism or unauthorized use and the fact that once a
vending machine is coupled to a telephone line, it is
inconvenient to move the machine to another location.
An alternative communications system between a
vending machine and central computer is disclosed in
Jackson U.S. Patent 5,142,694. Jackson discloses a system
whereby a dedicated, special purpose radio communication
system is used to transmit information from the remote
vending machines to the central computer. The problem
with this type of radio frequency communication system is
that a vending machine operator must purchase specific
radio communications equipment for which the operator may
not have the skill or support staff to maintain. Also,
the operator may have to lease space throughout a given
geographic area at which to place numerous radio
transceivers or repeaters. Finally, such a radio
communication system occupies space on the radio frequency
spectrum that may be prohibitively expensive to purchase
or utilize.
W09510s609 - L~ 2 1 6 9 7 6 1 PCT~S94109126
In addition to the above, most vending machine
manufacturers have proprietary wiring and internal
communication systems within their vending machines,
wiring and communication systems which may even vary
between successive machines of the same model type. This
presents problems for any monitoring of the operation of
remote vending machines by typically requiring a system to
be useable with only a single type of machine. This
necessitates a uniquely designed and built monitoring and
communication system for each type of machine. The
uniqueness of individual machines also presents problems
in developing correct monitoring system reports due to the
difference between the information available machine to
machine.
In light of the problems with the prior art
systems for monitoring and communicating with a remote
vending machine, there is a need for a new type of vending
machine monitoring system. The system should not require
a dedicated telephone line to be connected to each vending
machine or the use of specialized radio frequency
communication equipment. The system should allow the
owner or operator of one or more vending machines to
automatically keep count of the product delivered by the
machine, the money collected, maintenance problems, and/or
alarm conditions experienced at a remote vending machine.
The information should be presented to an operator in an
intuitive fashion, thereby allowing the user to readily
determine the status of a remotely located vending
machine. The information should be retained and/or
organized so as to communicate meaningful data about the
user's business, and then be summarized in reports on
conditions.
In addition, the information should be presented
to the operator in a common way for all vending machines
so as to allow the operator to more easily comprehend and
act on such information.
W095/05609 2 1 6 9 ~ 6 1 PCT~S94/09126
Disclosure Of Invention
The present invention is a system for monitoring
the operation of a remotely located vending machine. A
plurality of sensors are disposed in the vending machine
to sense the operation of the machine, as well as machine
malfunctions. Preferably these sensors are tied in
directly but not invasively to the machines wiring
harness. The sensors are coupled to a microprocessor
circuit, which reads the set of output signals produced by
the sensors. The microprocessor creates data packets that
are indicative of the output signals to be transmitted to
a central computer system. The data packets of many units
may be combined for unitary transmission. A modem is used
to transmit the data packets to the central computer
system over a network. The data packets are received by a
second modem coupled to the central computer system and
the information regarding the output signals of the
sensors are stored in a database.
The central computer displays the information
received from the vending machine in alternate formats,
including graphically so that a user is able to easily
determine the operating condition of the vending machine.
In addition, the central computer is optionally able to
transmit data packets to the remote vending machine in
order to read the memory of the microprocessor in the
vending machine, rewrite the memory of the microprocessor,
set operating conditions of the vending machine that
constitute an alarm condition, and define what alarm
conditions are critical.
The central computer optionally can also
transmit data to the remote vending machine that sets a
password for a service technician to be entered upon
servicing the vending machine as well as transmitting
message data to be read by the service technician during a
service call. The present invention may also include a
h~n~held data entry terminal that is used by a service
technician to inform the microprocessor of the amount of
W095/05609 ~ PCT~S94/09126
~ 2~ 69761
product added, the money removed from the machine, the
amount of change left in the change counter, etc. if the
system utilizes such at the machines location. The
handheld terminal can communicate with the microprocessor
using an infrared optical link or through a lead, which is
attachable to a serial plug in the vending machine. The
data is retained and can be manipulated in the central
computer so as to enable the operator to utilize the data
m~n;ngfully over time on a comprehensive basis.
Brief Description Of The Drawinqs
The foregoing aspects and many of the attendant
advantages of items in the invention will become more
readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood
by reference to the following detailed description, when
taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings,
wherein:
FIGURE 1 is a block diagram of a system for
remotely monitoring a plurality of vending machines
according to the present invention;
FIGURE 2 is a representational block diagram of
the system for monitoring a plurality of vending machines
as shown in figure l;
FIGURE 3 is a representational block diagram of
a tap in adaptor assembly for use in adapting individual
unique mac-h;nes to the sensing and communication circuit
of the present invention;
FIGURE 4 is a block diagram of a sensing and
communication circuit according to the present invention
that is disposed in a remote vending machine;
FIGURE 5 is a state diagram showing the
operation of the sensing and communication circuit
disposed in a remote vending machine;
FIGURE 6 is a flow chart showing the operation
of the sensing and communication circuit in a control
mode;
W095/05609 2 1 6 9 7 6 1 PCT~594/U9l2G
FIGURE 7 is a flow chart showing the operation
of the sensing and communication circuit in a
communications mode;
FIGURE 8 is a flow chart showing the operation
of the sensing and communication circuit in a service
mode;
FIGURE 9 is a flow chart showing operation of
the sensing and communication circuit in an analyze mode;
FIGURE 10 is a flow chart showing the operation
of the sensing and communication circuit in an alarm mode;
FIGURE 11 is a diagram showing the structure of
a data packet transmitted between a remote vending machine
and a central computer system;
FIGURE 12 shows a handheld data entry terminal
that is used to enter data directly to the sensing and
communication circuit shown in FIGURE 4;
FIGURE 13 is a block diagram of the h~n~held
data entry terminal;
FIGURE 14 shows a graphical representation of a
remote vending machine that is produced by the central
computer system; and,
FIGURE 15 shows a graphical representation of a
route of remote vending machines that are monitored by the
present invention.
Modes For carrYing Out The Invention
FIGURE 1 is a block diagram of a system 10. for
remotely monitoring a plurality of vending machines
according to the present invention. The system 10
monitors the operation of a plurality of remote vending
machines 11, 12, 13, 14 and transmits data indicative of
the operation of the vending machines to a central
computer system 15. Each vending machine is equipped with
a plurality of sensors (not shown) that monitor the
operation of the machine to determine the amount of
product dispensed, whether there has been any unauthorized
entry, if there has been power failure, as well as other
woss/o56o9 I r~ 2 ~ 6 9 7 6 l PCT~S94/09126
operating conditions as will be described in further
detail below. The sensors may be directly tapped into the
wiring harness or otherwise present. Each vending machine
further includes a modem (not shown) that is used to
transmit data to the central computer system 15 over a
link 16 that is provided by a network.
As will be further described below, each vending
machine is equipped with a sensing and communication
circuit that reads the data from a plurality of sensors
and transmits one or more data packets to the central
computer 15. The central computer 15 includes a suitable
modem, which is coupled to the network in order to receive
the data packets. The central computer system includes a
database system 17 that stores the information received
from each remote vending machine as well as produces
written reports. The central computer 15 can read from
the database to inform a user of the operating status of
any vending machine that is or was in contact with the
central computer.
Although the present invention is described with
respect to vending machines and in particular to soft
drink dispensing machines, those skilled in the art will
realize that the present invention can be used with other
types of vending machine, such as cigarette and candy
machines, telephones, copiers, as well as numerous other
types of machines where it is desirable to remotely
monitor the operation of the machine.
FIGURE 2 is a block diagram of an example
electronic system for remotely monitoring a plurality of
vending machines according to the present invention.
The invention begins with the vending machines.
The vending machines are devices which provide the
consumer with goods and/or services dependent upon receipt
of some kind of payment. Most goods type vending machines
are similar in that they typically contain an inventory of
a variety of items for acquisition by the consumer. Each
of these items is individually present in a certain
W095/05609 ~ 2 1 6 9 7 6 1 PCT~S94/09126
quantity, with payment for varying items typically being
different for different types of goods and/or services.
The vending machines also typically contain a coin slot or
dollar bill receptor and occasionally a credit card or
other identifying card for consumer payment for the goods
and/or services. Some vending machines further contain
some sort of temperature altering means such as a
refrigerator cooling m~ch~nism or a heating/cooling
system. In addition to the above, vending machines
typically have some sort of secure method for allowing
service personnel to physically open the vending machine
box in order to replenish the inventory and otherwise
maintain the machine. Typical vending machines thus have
a great deal in common with each other no matter what the
particular goods or services they may be providing and no
matter whom the manufacturer.
In spite of the above commonality, the actual
physical mechanical and electrical parts of each vending
machine vary dramatically between types of vending
machines and also vary between the many individual
manufacturers of such vending machines. Further, it is
not uncommon for even a set type of a particular vending
machine manufactured by a single company to have differing
internal components, albeit a more subtle difference than
the ones previously set forth.
In order to compensate for these vast electrical
and mechanical differences between vending machines, the
present invention uses data acquisition units 20 so as to
interconnect varying types of vending machines to a single
universal system while also providing a relatively uniform
signal content, this recognizes the common elements of
virtually all vending machines. The data acquisition
units 20 themselves can be hard wired into location,
otherwise connected and/or it may be a system designed to
interconnect partially or totally directly with the
manufacturers wiring harness in the vending machines.
This latter is preferred. It may differ between machines
- ~ = =
wo95lo56~s 2 1 6 9 PCT~S94/09126
~ / 6 1
. . . . . .
and/or contain custom electronics and/or smart chip type
programming individualized for a given machine or
otherwise differing locations within the remote monitoring
system. Its various functions can also be separated and
located at differing places across the remote monitoring
system. In any instance, the purpose of the data
acquisition unit is to provide for a single type of output
with a relatively constant signal format no matter what
the particular vending machine may be. The data
acquisition unit thus provides a common type of signal for
representing or indicating the available inventory of any
particular item, the operational parameters of the
machine, and other operational elements present in most
vending machines. By reducing the varying nature of the
elements of the vending machines no matter what the
manufacture to common elements at the vending machine, the
remainder of the system 10 can be the substantially the
same for any installation, this even though the system may
be utilized with many differing types of vending machines.
An example data acquisition unit system is shown
in figure 3. In this figure, the example vending machine
has a wiring harness containing three connectors 22, 23,
24. This recognizes the varying systems that may exist in
any particular vending machine. Connector 22 of these
particular connectors is matrix coded in order to provide
a multiplicity of functions far in excess of the number of
wires (matrix coding is fairly typical)(see for example
Giacomo U.S. Patent 4,598,378). The nature and operation
of these wires and their functioning are familiar to any
one skilled in the art.
The particular data acquisition unit 20 shown in
FIGURE 3 has some forty inputs (12 for row information, 12
for column information, 8 for alarm, and 8 for other
information like signal duration). The alarm inputs may
be set for automatic ;~;ate or delayed transmission.
The particular data acquisition unit 20 shown is a
W095/05609 ~ PCT~S94/09126
21 69761
universal data acquisition unit for interconnection to
many differing type of systems. It thus has a number of
inputs which allows interconnection to most types of
vending machines (in the example shown 40 contacts in
number) even though for a given machine not all contacts
might be utilized. With this number of incoming matrix
contacts, the data acquisition unit 20 can output a common
signal representative of 144 vending choices in addition
to any other operational element sensors to the later
described remote link unit 30. Note that it is not
necessary for the decoding or processing of signals,
matrix or otherwise, to occur at the data acquisition unit
20. In specific, the data acquisition unit 20 could as
shown in FIGURE 3 merely record the signal content on the
various wires and/or sensors in the vending machine,
signal content including the occurrence of simultaneous
events. This signal content could then be passed over the
later described network with a computer at the remote
monitoring location utilizing a specific sub-routine to
decode and utilize the signal content. While this would
increase the complexity of the software at the computer,
it could lower the cost of the data acquisition unit 20.
In the event of this type of splitting of the functions of
the data acquisition unit 20, the common signal output
would preferably be a specific number of possible data
information signals (for example 40 for all machines in a
system) together with a simultaneous occurrence coding for
at least some of such signals. By decoding the common
signal at the later described computer 15, the length of
the common signal is reduced relative to a decoded signal.
If desired, the date acquisition unit 20 could decode the
signal content of the inputs to reflect the actual
information thereon. The output would still be in a
common signal form, albeit decoded. It is preferred that
no matter what the common signal form is, any information
that has not changed between transmissions should be
ignored. This could be accomplished by the transmission
W095~560~ ~ ~ 2 1 6 9 7 6 ~ PCT~S94/09l26
11
of a short no-data code for such inputs, an end data code
at the end of a row after the last active vend cycle in
that row, or otherwise. This reduces the length of the
common signal for a particular machine to that necessary
to accurately reflect the status of that particular
machine. For example in a three column machine, 141 of
the described matrix coded vend indicators are irrelevant.
They can thus be omitted for this particular machine
without compromise to the overall system. This processing
preferably occurs at the later described remote link unit
30.
Preferably the common signals are converted into
serial form by the data acquisition unit 20.
The contacts of the data acquisition unit 20
shown are interconnected to the connectors 22, 23, 24 in
the vending machine through a custom made tap cable
assembly 25. This assembly 25 would be custom made for
each basic type of vending machine so as to allow easy
plug in type interconnection to the various vending
machines. Thus for a multiplicity of machines a single
data acquisition unit could be utilized merely by changing
the tap cable assembly. The tap cable assembly shown
would preferably be connected to the machine recognizing
the nature of the data acquisition unit 20. In the
example shown, row signals to row inputs, column signals
to column inputs, etc. This provides for a common output
for all machines.
The data acquisition unit 20 itself converts the
specific signals on the wiring harness 22, 23, 24 into a
common type of output signals for use with a later system.
Note that in addition to the electrical and mechanical
parts already in the vending machine, additional sensors
may be provided, which sensors were not included in the
original vending machine. Examples of this would be a
compressor status sensor, temperature, door switch sensor,
and a display malfunction sensor. These sensors would be
provided by the remote sensing company, and individually
W095/05609 ~ ~ 2 1 6 9 7 6 l PCT~S94/09126
12
run 27 into the system. This can be directly (as in
respect to machine 13) or indirectly through the data
acquisition unit 20 (as shown in respect to machine 14).
This latter is preferred in that it reduces the number of
wires interconnecting with the later described universal
bus. Certain sensors could be located on the data
acquisition unit's circuit board so as to minimize the
necessity of individual placement thereof. An example of
this would be use of a photo electric eye sensor for door
opening instead of a direct door sensor.
The output signals from the data acquisition
unit 20 may include vend events typically identified by
row and column to the later described remote link unit 30.
This is typically an intermittent signal. The data
acquisition unit 20 also provides information relative to
the other operational elements of the vending machine.
Examples include temperature, compressor status, change
out, intrusion alarm, and other parameters. These
typically are on/off steady state or longer length
signals. In the preferred embo~ nt shown, these latter
are fed into special alarm inputs on the data acquisition
unit 20, thus recognizing their special status.
In the preferred embodiment disclosed, the
common communication standard includes utilizing the same
signal content for every vending machine no matter what
its type, preferably a st~n~rd based on the most complex
machine typical to a particular vending operator. For
example, for each machine, the information could contain
location identification code, machine identification code,
inventory by row and column (for example 12x12), entry
status, compressor status, temperature status, coin
changer status, power status, and unit link status. This
would be true even if a specific particular machine had
lesser capabilities, for example, no rows, three columns,
and no compressor, temperature, or coin changer status
sensors. Programming, a specific no signal bit, and/or
lack of signal content would inform the later described
W09S~0560~ 2 1 6 9 7 6 1 PCT~S94/09126
13
computer of the particular machines actual capabilities.
Again, the decoding and/or processing of the signals could
occur at a differing location. In the preferred
embodiment shown, the decoding occurs at the later
described computer.
The amount of inventory, especially for certain
vendors where it is difficult to physically determine,
would preferably be updated indirectly based on some
indirect parameter, for example based on the number of
coffee cups or snacks of a particular type dispensed
(i.e., vend events). While approximate, this would avoid
the necessity of direct measurement via a separate sensor.
This inventory can be maintained at the vending machine or
at the remote monitoring location as later set forth. The
latter is preferred.
Note also that although this matrix data
acquisition unit 20 is shown by way of example, other data
acquisition units could be utilized. Indeed a given
system might produce the common signal content with a
variety of data acquisition units. This might include the
set forth matrix coded unit 20 of figure 3, a universal
column only unit, and/or specifically designed unique
machine specific units. For further example, an
individual hard-wired data acquisition unit could be
provided by reverse engineering the signals on the cables,
for example 22, 23, 24, so as to have the data acquisition
unit 20 detect the respective operations of the various
parts of the machine and to provide a signal indicative of
these conditions in a common form on the universal bus 21.
Appropriate diodes, transistors, smart chip PROM based
devices, and/or integrated circuits could be utilized in
the data acquisition units. This latter technique would
be particularly appropriate under circumstances where a
given manufacturer utilizes a common wiring t~chn; que in
many given machines across its product line or where
certain machines follow certain universal techniques. In
addition as previously set forth, the mere existence of
W095105609 ~ ;' 2 1 6 9 7 6 i PCT~S94/09126
14
signals could be passed along the universal bus with the
intelligent decoding and utilization of such signals
occurring at a differing location, for example the later
described remote link unit 30 or computer 16. Although
much more time consuming, during installation the data
acquisition unit 20 could also be hard wired directly to
the various sensed components in the particular vending
machine, such connections preferably being made in the
same manner no matter what the type or manufacture of the
vending machine.
The universal bus 2l interconnects the data
acquisition units to the remote link unit 30. The nature
of the bus 2l is not important. The bus could be over the
power lines (as with an X-lO bus), short range radio, hard
wired, or otherwise. While technically nothing prevents
this bus 2l from being a parallel bus, due to present
communications technology serial communication across the
later described network is preferred. For this reason at
someplace in the system it is preferred that the signals
representative of vending machine conditions be present in
serial form. In the embodiment shown and described this
conversion occurs at the location of the data acquisition
unit 20, either integral or closely associated therewith.
This simplifies the bus 21 while allowing also for serial
communication between the described slave units and the
master communications unit as well.
The bus 2l is preferably bidirectional so as to
allow the remote link unit 30 to sequentially contact each
machine connected thereto for singular processing. The
bus 2l disclosed is a hard wired RS-485 bus.
The remote link unit 30 is designed to control
the communication of a particular location of vending
machines through the network 16. Normally, the same type
of remote link unit 30 would be utilized for any
particular vendor's operations. This lowers cost and
simplifies the installation. Preferably this remote link
unit 30 utilizes common memory and communication standard
wo g~/cr~ 2 1 6 q 7 6 l PCT~S94/09126
commands so as to lower the costs of the later described
network 16. Note that since there is only normally one
remote link unit 30 per location, the remote link unit 30
can include some processing capacity (for example decoding
of signals across the bus 21 from the data acquisition
units 20 or keeping track of things such as inventory) in
addition to its communications capacity without unduly
increasing the cost per vending machine of the system.
The particular remote link unit 30 disclosed
includes a central processing unit link controller and a
machine status memory.
The link controller operates the network 16
depending on status of the signals coming down the
universal bus 21 or, optionally, as instructed by the
computer 15. An example of the former would be if one of
the various alarm circuits for the vending machines 13, 14
are triggered or if the system was set up for automatic
transmittal at a certain time in the day. An example of
the latter would be the computer 15 actively polling the
particular location in order to ascertain the status of
the various vending machines.
As the status of the vending machines changes,
the signals over the universal bus 21 shown are stored in
the vend event and status memory. It is preferred that
this memory be non-volatile in order to maintain its
information under power loss and other abusive conditions.
In respect to routine information, for example, status of
vend events, the information is stored in the memory
subject to forwarding to the computer 15 at an acceptable
time. In the case of other, for example alarm
information, this information is normally in addition
automatically passed from the remote link unit 30 to the
network 16, and thus to the computer 15, automatically at
a time when the computer 15 is first able to receive such
information. This allows for the vending machine operator
to be informed of problems with the machine even though
the operator is not then in interconnection with the
WO95/05609 16 2 1 6 9 7 6 i PCT I 594/~91~6
particular vending machine. A simple way to provide for
this automatic transmission could be based on alarm
determinative factors, for example based on the specific
input to a data acquisition unit 20 or on the length or
nature of the signals output from the various sensors. In
respect to the former, the remote link unit 30 can be
programmed to pass along automatically any signal that is
fed into an alarm input (or perhaps only specific ones) of
this data acquisition units 20. Optionally the data
acquisition units 20 could have critical alarm inputs for
immediate transmitting and non-critical alarm inputs for
routine transmission. In respect to the latter, routine
information (for example a vend cycle of a particular item
or change deposit) are short signals while non-routine
information (for example door open or temperature
malfunction) are longer length typically constant signals.
One could therefore easily provide an automatic
transmission means to pass the latter automatically across
the network while storing shorten length signals for
regular transmission. In the case a signal might be of
longer length while being considered non-critical, an
addition device, for example a one shot and short length
hold circuit, could allow sensing but not automatic
transmittal of the signal. An example of a long length
non-critical signal might come from a column inventory
depletion sensor. Additional example, if the remote link
unit 30 was programmable, it could be programmed to only
send certain alarm signals automatically, waiting for
normal transmission for non-critical alarms. Further
example automatic transmission of alarms could occur at
this remote link unit with the computer at the remote
monitoring location programmed to recognize and display as
alarms only those specifically enabled by the operator,
preferably storing others for later recognition.
In addition to the above, it is preferred that
the operator using the system be notified of a critical
alarm status. For this reason, virtually every later
W095/05609 ;~ r 2 1 697 6 l PCT~S94/09126
17
described screen the operator views has a green dot that
turns red on an enabled alarm condition. By clicking on
this red dot, the operator is directly connected to the
screen showing the alarm together with its nature. If
there are multiple alarms, they are presented
sequentially.
As previously set forth, in the preferred
embodiment disclosed, the common communication standard
includes utilizing the same signal content for every
vending machine no matter what its type, preferably a
stAn~rd based on the most complex machine typical to a
particular vending operator. Programming a no signal bit
and/or lack of signal content would inform the later
described computer of the particular machines actual
capabilities.
Normally there is one remote link unit per
location, this whether the vending machine is a stand
alone or is banked with other machines. In the latter
preferably everything after the universal bus 21 is
located in a single vending machine, the communicating
master unit, with the other banked vending machines, slave
units, interconnected thereto. This master/slave
adaptation lowers the cost of the system by allowing one
co~llnicating remote link unit 30 per bank of vending
machines. It is also possible with appropriate
connections (for example short range ratio, power line
X-10, or hard-wired) between various banks at a given
location, only one remote link unit 30 per location. This
significantly lowers the cost and complexity of the
overall system.
The remote link unit 30 normally has its own
unique address so as to allow individual access thereto.
Further, normally there is some additional security, such
as a password or encryption system, in order to maintain
the unit safe from outside intervention.
It is preferred that a local interface 31 be
provided in respect to the remote link unit 30 so as to
W095/05609 ~ ~ 2 1 6 9 7 6 1 PCT~S94/09126
allow service and maintenance personnel to determine and
correct any problems with the system. The local interface
3l is typically a handheld key pad with display. Such an
interface 31 allows the personnel to operate the remote
link unit locally.
It is preferred for cost reasons that the remote
link 30 act primarily as a store and forward device,
transmitting a common signal showing the number of vend
cycles by row and column and, as appropriate, the status
of the other operational elements of the particular
machine. (This information preferably would be provided
by no signal if conditions were unchanged.) Again the
common signals could be signal existence including
simultaneous coding with this information utilized and
decoded at the later described computer or it could be
actual data such as vend cycle and alarm status. For cost
considerations, the remote link 30 can be a transmit only
unit programmed to transmit its vend data along the later
described network at a particular time. This vend data
could be transmitted a number of times at spaced periods
to insure reception at the computer by redundancy.
Differing remote units would be programmed to send their
respective information at differing times so as to avoid
overlap if a single channel is utilized. An in use sensor
and delay would prevent simultaneous transmission in the
event of overlap. The delay would be preferably be preset
to a period of known no transmission occurrence, even in
the event multiple remote units are delayed. (After
transmittal, if desired, the vend data could be stored in
a memory as inactive information so as to provide a fail
safe backup. However, since the same information can be
ascertained by physical ~ri nation of the machine, this
is optional.) Again for cost considerations, any alarms
could be set to trigger immediate transmittal without
record into memory. (Since alarms normally have steady
state, they will maintain themselves until the indicated
condition is taken care of.)
W095/05609 ~ ~. ~ ~ PCT~S94109126
1 69761
19
The remote link unit 30 optionally can have its
own processing unit programmed with various types of
information and also to auto reset to predefined defaults
at the end of a service cycle (with or without auto-reset
code input). In respect to inventory, these defaults
preferably are the maximum number of items set as present
in any particular vending slot. The defaults also may
include the various thresholds, temperatures, and/or
conditions for alarms and/or particular indications in the
later described computer 15. With the local interface 31,
the service personnel can update the inventory if there is
a discrepancy in any particular individual slot as well as
redefining the other various attributes of the link
controller and/or memory.
The remote link unit 30 communicates with the
computer 15 over a network 16. The network 16 is any sort
of communication system which will allow data from the
remote link unit 30 to be provided to the computer 15.
This includes radio, cellular phone, and other known
communication systems. Wireless systems are preferred.
Note that due to the limited data which has to be
transferred on the network 16, the requirement for the
speed, clarity, and lack of noise for the network is
m; n;~l . Redundant and relatively slow transmittal is
acceptable.
The network 16 can be bidirectional, allowing
communication as well from the computer 15 to the remote
link unit 30 as well. This would also allow the computer
15 to verify that all the information has in fact been
received from the remote link unit 30. It would also
allow the computer 15 to initiate transmission of data
from the remote link unit 30, to modify the operation of
~ the link controller and/or contents of the remote link
unit 30 memory, and to otherwise remotely operate the
system 10.
With more sophisticated electronic indication
vending machines, the bidirectional network 16 could also
WO95/056~9 PCT~S94/09126
2169761 a
be utilized to alter the pricing of various commodities.
An example of this would be lowering the cost of coffee at
a particular time as an employee benefit or in order to
get rid of stale inventory. A further example of this
would be to increase the cost of particular items during
periods of high demand and/or low inventory.
A controller 32 is located between the network
16 and the computer 15. The purpose of this controller 32
is to allow the computer 15 to control the network 16. In
the particular embodiment disclosed, the controller 32
also converts the incoming and outgoing data into a form
transmittable over the network. This currently would be
serial digital data.
The controller 32 in addition is interconnected
to a separate alarm indicator 33. This alarm indicator
provides a direct indication of the nature and location of
an incoming alarm. This allows the operator to utilize
the computer 15 for other types of independent processing.
It also provides an alarm indication under circumstances
when the computer 15 is off line for whatever reason. Note
in the case of multiple tasking computer, the alarm
indication could be provided also by a load and stay
resident program that constantly analyzes the incoming
signal for an alarm indication, becoming active upon the
receipt thereof. This would also allow for the generation
of a red alarm dot on any screen of the display (for
example a word processing program).
The computer 15 communicates with the controller
32 in order to operate the network 16. The particular
computer 15 disclosed communicates with the controller 32
over an RS-232 serial cable. In addition, the computer 15
analyzes the incoming data in order to provide a readout
of the status of the various vending machines which are
interconnected thereto. If the common signals are coded,
decoding would preferably occur before data processing.
Normally, the computer 15 obtains the data by
polling the remote communicating master units for vending
Wo95/05609 PCT~S94109126
~ f~` 21 6~761
21
information. As each individual communicating master unit
has its own ID code, it is possible for a single computer
15 to extract this information from multiple vending
A locations without confusion. The computer 15 would
normally actively poll or automatically receive data from
the various communicating master units under its control
sequentially at certain set times. Since all of the
incoming data is in a uniform condition due to the data
acquisition unit 20, a single database with uniform
parameters can be utilized no matter what the make or
model of the polled vending machine.
For cost considerations, the computer 15 could
keep track of the inventory located in a particular
machine by the number of vend cycles for a particular item
(for example instead of the remote link unit 30 doing so).
These vend cycles would be cumulatively added within the
computer with the result subtracted from the number
programmed into the machine (normally the maximum number
of that item the machine can contain). This programming
could occur automatically (for example upon entering a
particular machine make and model) and/or manually. The
computer would preferably reset to the number programmed
into the machine on indication of a service call. The
service person would be under instructions to fill each
item to this amount. The computer would thus track
inventory theoretically. Minor deviances would be
accepted as a cost of this simpler system. Optionally
these deviances could be tracked, for example by using the
local interface. One could also use computer or bar coded
inventory control to automatically update the number
programmed into the machine to the actual amount of
inventory actually used by service personnel. Under this
system since the computer generates the inventory
requirements, the computer would update its memory based
on the inventory actually ordered by the machine. With
such a system, it would be possible to have the computer
generate an inventory requirement by normal container
WO95/OS609 ~ ~ PCT~S94/09126
- ~ 1 6976 1 ~
22
multiples (for example 24 in the case of pop cans) with
the inventory reflected in the computer updated by such
container multiples.
Ideally, the computer 15 contains a long term
memory into which it archives historical data. This long
term memory allows the operator to track what is occurring
in the vending machines over a period of time. This
allows the operator to determine what is selling and what
is not, where it is selling, when he must rotate the
stock, the maintenance condition of the vending machine,
the problems that any particular vending machine may have
had, and other historical attributes of the vending
machine and its operation.
The particular system disclosed, in addition to
the above, includes a data records system 34 and a paging
system 35.
The data records system 34 directly archives
data from the controller 32 into a record system
independently from the computer 15. This automatically
backs up the vending machine status data in the event of
damage to the computer and/or vandalism. It also provides
for third party acquisition of the data from the vending
machines, for example for a university study on the
purchasing habits of the American public.
The paging system 35 directly contacts an
individual at remote locations with the status of the
vending machines, most particularly if an alarm occurs.
This allows an individual who is not on-site of the
computer 15 to be made aware of an alarm condition so that
it may be handled. Preferably, the pager system 35
automatically provides the individual with the location of
the vending machine together with the type of alarm. This
latter allows the individual to selectively ignore a low
inventory alarm while advising him of the seriousness of
an intrusion alarm. This prevents the inconvenience to
the operator of what might otherwise be considered to be
nuisance alarms. The pager transmitter is preferably
W095l0s609 e ~ ~ ~ ~ 2 1 6 9 7 6 1 PCT~S94/09126
23
located at the computer 15. This allows a single paging
transmitter to be utilized for an entire vending route.
The above block figure is given by way of
example and it is to be understood that the positioning of
the parts may be changed and/or combined without deviating
from the overall operation disclosed.
FIGURE 4 is an example block diagram of a hard
wired sensing and communication circuit 50 representative
of a complex remote link unit 30 according to the present
invention. Each remote vending machine shown is equipped
with a sensing and communication circuit 50 in order to
monitor the operation of the vending machine and transmit
data packets to the central computer system over a
network.
The sensing and communication circuit 50 shown
includes a plurality of optocouplers 52, which detect the
presence of a 120 volt AC or other power signal within the
vending machine. For example, a typical signal could be a
vend event for one item within the machine. Each
optocoupler has five leads 54, 56, 58, 60 and 62. In this
case, the first lead 54 is coupled to the element within
the vending machine at which the application of power is
to be sensed. The second input lead 56 is connected to a
neutral line. An output lead 58 is coupled to an I/O
point 80. The lead 58 shown carries a digital logic level
signal that indicates the presence or absence of the 120
volt AC signal on the input lead 54. The optocoupler 52
itself is powered by a DC voltage supplied on the lead 60
and is coupled to ground by the lead 62. In a typical
vending machine, all of the motors, the compressor and
indication lights are powered with the power signal, in
this case 120 volts AC. Therefore, a plurality of
optocouplers 52 are used to monitor the operation of these
elements.
The sensing and communication circuit 50 also
includes one or more switches 70. These switches
typically are DC. A typical example would be an out of
W095~5~09 ~ PCT~S94/09126
2 1 6 9 7 6 1
24
units temperature sensor. In the example given, each
switch includes a lead 72 that is pulled to a logic high
voltage (i.e., +5 volts) by a resistor 74 that is coupled
to the voltage supply (i.e., +V). Closing the switch 70
connects the lead 72 to a ground potential through a lead
76. The lead 72 is coupled to the I/O point 80. The
example sensing and communication circuit 50 further
includes other sensors, in this case a temperature sensor
circuit 77, which monitors the temperature of the vending
machine. The temperature sensor 77 provides an output
signal on a lead 78 that is coupled to an input of the I/O
port 80. This temperature circuit 77 provides a logic
high level signal if the temperature within the vending
machine exceeds a predetermined maximum. A logic low
level signal is produced on the lead 78 if the temperature
is below the predetermined maximum.
The example I/O port 80 is coupled to a
microprocessor 84 by a conventional set of bus and control
leads 82. The I/O point 80 shown includes at least three
8-bit registers (not separately shown) that can be coupled
to the output signals provided by up to 24 sensors. The
status of these sensors is thus determined by reading one
bit of one of the 8-bit registers. For example, assume
bit two of a register is coupled to an optocoupler sensor
that detects when a power 120 volt AC signal is applied to
an "exact change required" light in the vending machine.
By reading bit two, the microprocessor can tell if exact
change is required. This type of long term or length
signal is easily detected at a single time. Other
parameters in the vending machine can only be detected by
keeping track of the sensor inputs over time. For
example, assume bit three of a register in the I/O port is
coupled to an optocoupler that senses when power is
applied to a compressor in the vending machine. By
reading bit three and keeping track of when it is a logic
and when it is a logic zero over a period of time, the
woss/05609 ~ r~ 2 ~ 6 ~ 7 6 l PCT~S94/09126
microprocessor can determine how many times the compressor
cycles. Excessive cycling indicates a faulty compressor.
Also coupled to the example microprocessor
shown, through the set of bus and control leads 82 is a
nonvolatile random access memory (RAM) 86 and a read only
memory (ROM) 88. The ROM 88 shown has encoded thereon a
suitable computer program that causes the microprocessor
to read the signals produced by the plurality of sensors
and transmit the status of the sensors to the central
computer 20 as will be described.
The example sensing and communication circuit
also preferably includes a universal asynchronous
receiver/transmitter (UART) 90 and a modem 94. The UART
90 converts parallel data transmitted on the bus 82 to
asynchronous serial data that is in turn transmitted on a
lead 92 to the modem 94 as well as converting serial data
received by the modem 94 to parallel data that can be read
by the microprocessor 84. The modem 94 shown is a 1200
baud modem that is designed to transmit and receive
digital signals using a modulated analog carrier signal
that is transmitted over a network. Other transmission
standards could also be utilized. Coupled to the example
modem 94 is a suitable antenna 96 that transmits and
receives signals oven the network. For ease of
programming and compatibility, the modem 94 shown is a
Hayes compatible and transmits and receives digital data
using a well defined protocol. Other modems and speeds
could also be utilized as well as other communication
techni~ues. Programming such a modem will be readily
apparent to one of ordinary skill in the computer
communications art.
The sensing and communication circuit 50 shown
includes an infrared serial port 100 which is coupled by a
lead 102 to an infrared transmitter 104 and an infrared
receiver 106. The infrared serial point is used to
transmit and receive data from a handheld data entry
terminal carried by a service technician.
WO9~l05609 --; ~ . 2 1 697 6 1 PCT~S94/09126
Additionally, in this unit a serial jack 108 is
coupled to the lead 102 in order to transmit and receive
data from a handheld data entry terminal that is plugged
directly into the serial jack.
Finally, a battery backup circuit 110 can be
used to operate a communication circuit if power to the
vending machine is interrupted.
FIGURE 5 is an example state diagram 150 showing
a plurality of modes in which the example microprocessor
tha~ runs the sensing and communication circuit 50 could
operate. The example microprocessor has at least five
distinct modes: a control mode 160, a communications mode
190, a service mode 250, an analyze mode 290 and an alarm
mode 340.
Upon powering up of the sensing and
communication circuit, the example microprocessor
immediately enters the control mode 160. Here the
microprocessor polls the modem for a connect signal
received from the central computer system. Once a connect
signal is received, the microprocessor leaves the control
mode and enters the communication mode 190 in order to
transmit and receive data packets to and from the central
computer system. If there is excessive noise on the
communication link or the modem detects a disconnect
signal, the microprocessor leaves the communication mode
190 and returns to the control mode 160.
If no signal is received, the example
microprocessor shown polls the I/O point 80 shown in
FIGURE 4 to determine the status of the plurality of
sensors disposed in the vending machine. If one of the
sensor inputs indicates an alarm condition, the
microprocessor leaves the control mode and enters an alarm
mode 340.
In the example alarm mode, it is determined if
the alarm condition is critical. If the alarm is not
critical, the microprocessor returns to the control mode
and will inform the central computer system of the alarm
r
WO 951'05G09 . 2 1 6 q 7 6 1 PCT/US94/09126
27
condition the next time the central computer system shown
contacts by a call to the remote vending machine. If the
alarm is critical, the remote vending machine initiates a
call to the central computer system and immediately
informs it of the alarm condition.
Another condition the example microprocessor
looks for (by reading the sensor inputs) is a service call
made by a service technician. Upon detecting that a
switch disposed in the door of the vending machine has
been activated by someone opening the door, the
microprocessor shown waits for a code or predetermined
amount of time for a service t~hn;cian to enter a
predetermined Personal Identification Number (PIN). If
this is entered within the predetermined time, the
microprocessor leaves the control mode 160 and enters a
sensor mode 250. In the service mode, the service
t~chn;cian could typically enter data regarding the amount
of product added to the machine, the amount of money
removed from the machine and the amount of change placed
in the change maker. Once the example microprocessor
detects that the service call is complete, a check is
preferably made whether the remote vending machine should
initiate a call to or otherwise contact the central
computer system immediately or should wait until the
central computer system calls the remote vending machine
in order to inform the central computer that a service
call has been completed. If the remote vending machine is
instructed to contact the central computer system upon
completion of the service call, the microprocessor leaves
the service mode 250 and enters the communications mode
190. Otherwise, the microprocessor leaves the service
mode 250 and returns to the control mode 160.
In the example c~mmunication mode 190, the
example microprocessor transmits and receives data packets
to and from the central computer system over the network
16. After all the data packets have been sent from the
remote vending machine to the central computer system, the
WO 95/05609 ~ r ~-~ 2 t 6 q 7 6 1 PCT/US94/09126
28
vending machine might query the central computer system to
see if the central computer needs to transmit any data to
the remote vending machine. If a data packet is received
from the central computer system, the microprocessor
leaves the communication mode 190 and enters an analyze
mode 2 9 0 .
In the example analyze mode, the data packet
shown received is tested to determine the appropriate type
of action the microprocessor should take. Possible
actions include transmitting the contents of the
microprocessor's memory, reprogramming the
microprocessor's memory, testing the alarm system,
reprogramming the communications to the central computer
system, and resetting the alarm criteria and/or a set of
alarm response bits that define which alarm conditions are
critical. Once the received data packet is analyzed and
the example microprocessor has performed the task required
by the data packet, the microprocessor shown leaves the
analyze mode and returns to the communications mode in
order to wait for an additional data packet to be
transmitted. If the microprocessor was instructed by the
received data packet to test the alarm system, the
microprocessor leaves the analyze mode 290 and enters the
alarm mode 340.
FIGURE 6 is an example flow chart showing in
greater detail the steps that might be taken by the
example microprocessor as it is operating in the control
mode 160 described above. Starting at a step 162 ~ the
microprocessor proceeds to set up the modem in a standard
protocol at step 164, a Hayes 1200 baud protocol shown.
In the example, the data transmitted by the modem is
transmitted using a modulated analog carrier signal over
an ordinary communications medium. As will be described
in this example in further detail below, this is possible
because the amount of data transmitted between the remote
vending machine and the central computer system is
relatively small and the data is retransmitted if it is
WO 95/OS609 - r ~ ~ t ,~ 2 1 6 9 7 6 I PCTIUS94/09126
29
not received correctly. Thus, the present invention is
able to withstand errors that may occur during
transmission and does not require the use of a modem that
is specifically designed for transmitting high speed
digital data.
Once the example modem has been set up, the
microprocessor shown then polls the modem for a connect
signal to be generated by a call received from the central
computer over the network at a step 166. If the connect
signal has been received, the modem is instructed to go
"off hook" at a step 170 and the microprocessor enters the
communications mode at a step 172. If no connect signal
is received, the example microprocessor reads the I/O port
80 to determine the status of the plurality of sensor
inputs at a step 174. At a step 176, it is determined if
an alert condition exists. In some cases this is
accomplished simply by reading the status of the sensor
output signals. For example, if the output signal of the
temperature sensor is a logic 1, then a temperature alarm
exists. Other alarm conditions can be determined by
following the changes in the sensor output signals over
time such as the compressor cycles example described
above. If an alarm condition exists, the microprocessor
leaves the control mode and enters the alarm mode at a
step 178.
If no alarm condition is present, the example
microprocessor reads the status of a switch connected to
the door of the vending machine at step 18 0 in order to
determine whether the door of the vending machine has been
opened. If the door has been opened, the microprocessor
shown enters a service mode at a step 182. If the door is
not open, the microprocessor loops back to step 166 where
the modem is again polled to determine if a connect signal
has been received.
FIGURE 7 is an example flow chart showing the
steps taken by the microprocessor shown when operating in
the communications mode 190. Upon entering the
W095/05609 ~ r 2 1 6 9 7 6 l PCT~S94/09126
communications mode from the control mode, the
microprocessor polls the modem to determine if there is
excessive noise or if a carrier is no longer present over
the network at a step 192. If the answer at step 192 is
yes, the microprocessor returns to the control mode at a
step 194. Assuming that the noise on the communications
link is not excessive and the carrier signal is still
present, the microprocessor polls the modem to determine
if a recognizable signal, a "not acknowledge" (NAK) signal
shown has been received at step 196. Under the
communications protocol followed by the remote vending
machines and the central computer system, the central
computer system indicates to the remote vending machines
that any data packets are to be transmitted by first
sending the NAK signal. If no NAK signal is received, the
microprocessor returns to the control mode at a step 198.
Each data packet to be sent to the central
computer is maintained on a queue within the example
microprocessor's RAM. Each data packet has generally the
same structure. Data packets are differentiated by a
"packet type" byte in the data packet.
FIGURE 11 shows an example structure of the data
packets transmitted between the central computer system
and the remote vending machines in the above example
system of figure 4. Each data packet 360 preferably
begins with a marker byte 362. The ASCII symbol for a
colon is used for the marker byte shown. Following the
marker byte shown, is a packet length byte 364 indicating
the entire length of the data packet excluding the marker
byte. A pair of bytes 366 indicate the unit ID. Each
vending machine within the monitoring and communication
system has a unique unit ID. Following the unit ID bytes
shown is a sequence number byte 368. This byte is
incremental each time a unit transmits a data packet to
the central computer system. By keeping track of the
sequence number, the central computer is able to determine
if a data packet has been missed. Following the sequence
W095l056~9 , ~ , ~ 2 1 6 9 7 6 l PCT~S94/0912G
number shown is a packet type byte 370, which indicates
the type of data to be transmitted. It is the packet type
which informs either the central computer or the vending
machine how to interpret the data which follows in a
series of bytes 372. Following the data, the data packet
shown includes a pair of checksum bytes 374 that allow the
receiving microprocessor to determine if an error occurred
during transmission of the data packet. The following
illustrates the sequence of bytes that are inserted into a
specific data section of five types of data packets
transmitted between the vending machine and the central
computer. The type of data packet shown is specified in
the packet type bytes as described above. The following
example packet types can be used to transmit information
regarding a soft drink vending machine having eight
columns filled with cans of product. Those skilled in the
art will recognize that the data packet types can be
easily modified depending on the particular type of
machine being monitored. Note that although the example
system utilizes only eight columns, it technically has 23
sensor inputs. It thus is able to provide data for
inventory items in excess of the eight columns shown.
DATA PACKETS TP~N~h~ ~ FRON THE VENDING
M~uTNE TO CENTRAL COh~ ~Y~ N
TYPE 1
(Illustrates Status of Vending Machine)
BYte Name DescriPtion
B1 value of sensor inputs 0-7
B2 value of sensor inputs 8-15
B3 value of sensor inputs 16-23
C1 total product in column 1
C2 total product in column 2
C3 total product in column 3
C4 total product in column 4
W095/05609 ~ PCT~S94/09126
21 69761
32
C5 total product in column 5
C6 total product in column 6
C7 total product in column 7
C8 total product in column 8
CP number of compressor cycles
TYPB 2
(Service Packet)
Byte Name Description
Cl column 1 product added
C2 column 2 product added
C3 column 3 product added
C4 column 4 product added
C5 column 5 product added
C6 column 6 product added
C7 column 7 product added
C8 column 8 product added
CARM cash removed
CHLF change left
TYPE 3
(Alarm Bits)
OxO001 total product level below
criterion
Ox0002 column product level below
criterion
Ox0004 change depleted
Ox0008 temperature limit exceeded
OxO010 intrusion alarm
Ox0020 compressor cycles exceed
criterion
Ox0040 checksum RAM program area bad
W095l05609~ t~ 2 1 6 9 7 6 1 PCT~S94/09126
33
Ox0080 link test
OxOlO0 service completed
Ox0200 call for machine repair
Ox0400 repair completed
TYPE 4
(RAM Data Dump)
BYte Name Descri~tion
ADDR starting address
D0 data byte 0
Dl data byte l
D2 data byte 2
D3 data byte 3
D4 data byte 4
D5 data byte 5
D6 data byte 6
D7 data byte 7
D8 data byte 8
D9 data byte 9
DA data byte A
DB data byte B
DC data byte C
DD data byte D
DE data byte E
DF data byte F
This data packet is given by example, while with
other data systems other data packets may be utilized.
Referring now to the example FIGURE 7, once a
NAK signal has been received at step l96, the
microprocessor begins transmitting a data packet to the
central computer by first getting a data packet first on
the queue at a step 206. The data packet is then
transmitted at a step 208. Following transmission, the
-
W095/0S609 G ~ 2 1 6976 l PCT~S94/09126
34
microprocessor shown again polls the modem to determine if
another NAK signal has been received at step 210. If the
central computer transmits another recognizable signal, a
NAK signal shown, the microprocessor knows that the
transmission did not arrive correctly. Therefore, the
microprocessor loops back to step 208 and the data packet
is again transmitted. If no NAK signal is received in
step 210, the microprocessor proceeds to a step 212
wherein the modem is polled to see if an acknowledge a
second recognizable signal ("ACK") shown, has been
received. If no ACK signal has been received, the program
returns to the control mode at a step Z14. If an ACK
signal is received, the microprocessor knows the central
computer system has received the data packet correctly and
the data packet transmitted is removed from the queue at
step 216.
After removing the data packet from the queue,
the example microprocessor determines if the queue is
empty at a step 218. If the queue is not empty, the
microprocessor loops back to step 206 and the next data
packet is transmitted as described above.
Once the queue of data packets to be transmitted
is empty, the microprocessor shown proceeds to a step 220
wherein an ACK signal is transmitted to the central
computer system. This ACK signal indicates to the central
computer system that the remote vending machine is ready
to accept data packets transmitted from the central
computer to the remote vending machine. The data packets
transmitted from the central computer to the remote
vending machine. In the specific example shown these data
packets are defined by packet type as follows:
DATA PACRET~ T~N.~ v FROM CENTRAL
COMP~TER TO THE REMOTE VENDING ~TN~
TYPE 101
(Transmit 16 Bytes of Microprocessor's Memory
from Starting Address)
W095l05609 . ~ ~ 2 1 6 ~ 7 6 1 rcT~s94/o9l26
Byte Name DescriPtion
ADDR starting address (2 bytes)
TYPE 102
(Rewrite N Bytes of Microprocessor's Memory
from Starting Address)
BYte Name Description
ADDR starting address (2 bytes)
DO... DN n data bytes (n = packet
length minus 9)
TYPE 103
(Rewrite Phone Number of Central Computer)
BYte Name Description
PHl...PH36 36 bytes phone number
(blank-no outbound alarm)
TYPE 104
(Set Vending Machine's Alarm Criteria)
Byte Name Description
CA compressor cycles per day max
CI compressor cycles per day min
UNID rewrite unit ID of vending
machine
CB checksum bad alarm enabled -
W095/05609 ~ e ~ ; 2 1 6 9 ~ 6 ~ PCT~S94109126
36
CC compressor cycles alarm
enabled - l
IN intrusion alarm enabled - l
TE temperature exceeded alarm
enabled - l
CD change depleted alarm enabled
-- 1
CP column product alarm
criterion - l byte
TPBC total product alarm criterion
- 2 bytes
SV send service packet upon
servicing complete alarm
enabled - l
TYPE 105
(Reset Vending Machine's Alarm Bits)
BYte Name Descri~tion
BPBP set alarm bit pattern - 2
bytes
TYPE 106
(Set PIN for Service Technician)
Byte Name DescriPtion
PWI... PW7 7 bytes of numeric data
define PIN
TYPE 107
(Record Message for Service Technician)
W095l05609 ~ c - 2 1 6 9 7 6 l PCT~S94/09126
BYte Name Description
MEl... ME16 16 bytes of alphanumeric data
for service technician
s
In a step 222, the example microprocessor
determines if an ASCII representation of a colon symbol as
previously set forth has been transmitted. As shown in
FIGURE 11, this recognizable symbol marks the beginning of
all of the data packets transmitted between the vending
machine and the central computer. If no colon symbol is
transmitted, the microprocessor returns to the control
mode at a step 224. Once a colon symbol has been
transmitted, the microprocessor shown determines if the
entire data packet has been received correctly at a step
226. If the data packet has not been received correctly,
the microprocessor causes the modem to transmit a NAK
signal at a step 220 to indicate the data packet was not
received correctly. The example microprocessor then loops
back to step 222 and looks for the beginning of the same
data packet to be retransmitted.
If the data packet was received correctly, the
program branches to the analyze mode 290 to perform the
task indicated by the data packet as will be described in
further detail below. Upon returning from the analyze
mode, the microprocessor shown causes the modem to
transmit an ACK signal at a step 232 that indicates to the
central computer that the data packet has been received
and acted upon, and that the vending machine is waiting
for another data packet to be transmitted. This process
continues until the central computer fails to transmit
another data packet whereupon the microprocessor returns
to the control mode at the step 224.
In some cases (i.e., when a critical alarm
condition exists or if the microprocessor is programmed to
alert the central computer system immediately after a
W09~/C~0~ PCT~S94/09126
~ r-r~ 21 65~761
38
service call is completed), the example microprocessor
will initiate a call to the central computer system. At a
step 200, the microprocessor instructs the modem to
connect the central computer. The microprocessor then
polls the modem to determine if a carrier is present in a
step 202. If no carrier is present, the microprocessor
loops back to step 200 and dials again. Upon establishing
a connection with the central computer system, the
microprocessor transmits an alarm or data service complete
packet that has been previously placed on the queue.
Transmission of the data packet to the central computer
takes place as described above.
FIGURE 8 is a flow chart showing the steps taken
by the example microprocessor when operating in the
service mode 250. Upon entering the service mode from the
control mode when the microprocessor shown detects the
door to the vending machine has been opened, the
microprocessor determines if the service tec-hn;cian enters
a PIN or recognizable signal within a predetermined amount
of time (for example ten seconds). The particular PIN is
stored in the microprocessor's RAM and can be modified at
any time by the central computer system. If the PIN is
not entered within this predetermined amount of time, the
microprocessor sets an intrusion alarm bit at step 254 and
returns to the control mode at step 256. The
microprocessor then detects the intrusion alarm bit as
being set and enters the alarm mode.
Assuming the PIN has been entered in the
predetermined amount of time, the example microprocessor
then asks the service techn;cian to enter information
regarding the service to be completed. In step 258, the
microprocessor queries the technician for the total amount
of product added in each column of the vending machine.
In a step 260, the microprocessor asks the service
technician to enter the total amount of cash removed from
the machine. In a step 262, the microprocessor asks for
the amount of change left in the coin changer. After the
-
WO 95/05609 ~ r PCT/US94/09126
~ ` 21 69761
39
service is complete, the microprocessor generates a
service data packet and places the packet on the queue at
a step 264.
Once the service call is complete, the example
microprocessor reads the status of a service packet bit in
a pair of alarm response code bytes in a step 266. This
bit indicates whether the vending machine is to contact
the central computer upon completion of the service call
should wait to inform the central computer of the
information obtained from the service technician the next
time the central computer calls the vending machine. If
the service packet bit indicates the central computer is
to be called at the completion of the service, the
microprocessor data packet proceeds to the communications
mode at a step 268. If the status of the service packet
bit indicates the microprocessor is not to call the
central computer upon completion of the service call, then
the microprocessor returns to the control mode at a step
270.
FIGURE 9 is an example flow chart showing the
steps that might be taken by the microprocessor when
operating in the analyze mode 290. Upon entering the
analyze mode from the communications mode, the
microprocessor reads the packet type of data indicated by
byte 4 of the received data packet as shown in FIGURE 11.
Byte 4 shown informs the microprocessor what type of
action is to be taken. At a step 294 it is determined
whether the data packet is of type 101. If the data
packet is of type 101, the microprocessor transmits the
contents of its RAM memory beginning at a starting address
which is read from the received data packet in step 296.
At step 298, the example microprocessor causes the modem
- to transmit 16 bytes of data beginning at the starting
address. Once the data has been transmitted, the program
returns to the communications mode at step 334.
In step 300 shown, it is determined the data
packet is of type 102. Data packet type 102 indicates to
-
W095/05609 ~e~ 2 1 6 9 7 6 1 PCT~S94/09126
the example microprocessor that it is to rewrite portions
of its RAM memory with data values transmitted from the
central computer system. At step 102, the microprocessor
reads the starting address and determines the number of
bytes to be rewritten. The number of bytes is determined
by the value of the packet length byte minus nine. In
step 304 shown, the new memory values are read and the RAM
memory is rewritten starting at the starting address
determined in step 302. Upon rewriting the RAM memory,
the microprocessor returns to the communications mode.
In step 306 shown, it is determined if the data
packet is of type 103. This data packet type causes the
microprocessor to modify the communication parameters to
the central computer. In step 308, the microprocessor
reads 36 bytes of data. These 36 bytes are stored at the
central computer in step 310. After rewriting, the
microprocessor returns to the communications mode.
In step 102 shown, it is determined if the data
packet is of type 104. This data packet type causes the
microprocessor to rewrite its alarm response data which
sets the alarm conditions for the vending machine. In
step 314, the microprocessor reads the new alarm response
data and in step 316, the microprocessor overrides the
previous alarm response data. After the alarm response
data has been rewritten, the microprocessor returns to the
communications mode.
In step 318 shown, the example microprocessor
determines if the data packet is of type 105. Type 105
packets cause the microprocessor to artificially set the
bits in a pair of bytes which define the alarm conditions
of the vending machine as described above. After the
alarm bytes have been set, the microprocessor goes to the
alarm mode in step 122 wherein the alarm bytes are
transmitted to the central computer system.
If the example data packet is not of type 105,
the microprocessor determines if the message is of type
106 at step 124. Data packet type 106 causes the
W09vlC'6~9 ~ t 2 1 6 9 7 6 1 PCT~S94/09126
41
microprocessor to read seven bytes of PIN's for the
service technician. The old PIN is overwritten at a step
328 before returning to the communications mode.
Finally, the example microprocessor determines
if the received data packet is of type 107 at a step 330.
Data packet type 107 records 16 bytes of alphanumeric data
that is recorded for the service t~chn; cian to be read
during the next service call. The message bytes are
stored in memory at a step 332 before the microprocessor
returns to the communications mode.
FIGURE 10 is an example of a flow chart showing
the steps taken by the microprocessor shown in the alarm
mode 340. Upon entering the alarm mode from the control
mode, the microprocessor reads the alarm response bytes in
step 342. In step 346, the microprocessor compares the
alarm bytes described above and compares them to the alarm
response bytes in order to determine if the alarm
condition is critical. If the alarm is set as critical,
the microprocessor generates an alarm data packet and
places it on the ~ueue in a step 348 before going to the
communications mode in step 350. If the alarm is not
critical, the microprocessor simply returns to the control
mode at step 352.
FIGURE 12 is an example of a diagram of a
handheld data entry terminal 400 that might be used by a
service t~chni cian to enter data into the shown
microprocessor. With this system, the service t~rhn;cian
can inform the system of the amount of product added to
the machine, the amount of money removed, the content of
the change counter, as well as other data. The handheld
terminal 400 disclosed has a case 402 that includes a
series of keys 406 and an enter button 408. The keys 406
are used to type alphanumeric data on a display 404, which
is transmitted to the microprocessor upon hitting an enter
key 408. Communication preferably takes place between the
microprocessor and the handheld terminal using either a
conventional infrared transmitter/receiver indicated at
:~
W095/05609 PCT~S94/09126
~ F ~ 2 1 6 9 7 6 1 ~
42
410 or via mechanical connection such as a stereo plug
412. In the stereo plug one channel is used to transmit
from the handheld unit while the other channel is used to
receive prompts from the vending machine.
FIGURE 13 is an example block diagram of the
h~n~held data entry terminal 400 described above. This
specific hAn~held terminal includes its own microprocessor
420, a read only memory 424 and a random access memory 426
which are coupled to the microprocessor on a set of bus
and control leads 422. Additionally, the keys 406 and
display 404 are also connected to the microprocessor on
the bus 422. The microprocessor shown communicates with
the sensing and communication circuit in the vending
machine via a serial point 430. The port shown is a
serial port connected to drive an infrared transmitter
432. Additionally, the infrared receiver 434 is used to
receive infrared signals transmitted from the sensing and
communication circuit to the handheld unit. If a
~?ch~n;cal plug is used, the transmit and receive signals
are coupled to a conventional plug, which is inserted by
the service te~hn; cian and allows an appropriate connector
to the vending machine. The handheld terminal 400 shown
is powered by a battery 428. It could also be powered by
the vending machine.
Upon receipt of the information relative to the
vending machine from the remote link unit 30 over the
network 16, the information shown is then available at the
computer for selective presentation and manipulation.
In the invention of the present application, due
to the data acquisition units, virtually all of the
information needed in respect to the vending machines can
be located in a single database, can be processed with the
same programming, and can be visually presented with a
limited number of easily understood video screens.
In respect to the single database, all of the
data for every machine in a single system is preferably
stored in a single database having a number of fields and
W095l05~09 ~ ~ ~ 2 1 6 ~ 7 6 ~ PCT~S94/09126
43
name identity matching that of the maximum capabilities of
the common signal. This allows the data for every machine
to be present for analysis and presentation in a unified
manner. This includes the generation of graphic
representations of vending machines as well as the
development of reports and other matters. It is noted
that there will be empty fields in this type of system.
These empty fields as present in the database preferably
are ignored in developing the graphic representations
and/or reports generated by this system. This can be
accomplished by a sub-routine in the processing software
blanking empty fields.
It is noted that in the event that the common
signals are decoded (as in the described FIGURE 3 matrix
system) and/or otherwise processed by the computer
preferably this occurs prior to storage in the database.
In respect to the same programming, this
programming would develop the graphic representations and
reports in a common manner from the database. This common
manner would preferably include a data inhibition or
blanking sub-routine set to recognize empty fields in the
processing of the data and automatically act accordingly.
In respect to the graphic representation, this
could include automatically developing the representations
to present only the active field information, and
modifying the display appropriately. For example, if a
particular machine had five columns of inventory, a
compressor that cycles, a temperature alarm, and an entry
alarm, once utilized or preset, these items would be
presented on the screen; this even though the temperature
alarm icon and entry alarm icon may be inactive (i.e.,
normal) at the time of presentation. Further, although
the programming may be capable of generating an image
having 15 columns, only the active five columns would
appear. This could be spread out over the entire column
area or could appear as one third the available area as
set by an operator. However, since there is no for
'-- t ~ ~ .
W095/05609 2 ~ 6 9 7 6 1 PCT~S94/09126
44 _.
example change empty sensor or field, the change icon
would never appear on the screen.
In respect to the limited screens due to the use
of a common signal content, one screen could technically
be utilized for all machines, preferably as set forth with
software programmed to ignore and not display non-data
parameters. For example, with a machine having only 12
columns of inventory and an intrusion door open switch, no
temperature sensor, no compressor sensor, and no other
sensor, only the active information (12 columns of
inventory plus the door open switch) would be presented:
The missing sensors would never appear for this machine
(although they would if applicable for a different
machine). The software thus preferably has the ability to
present a very complex screen while the system itself
tracks the available data presenting on the screen and
processing only the available data. Non-information,
empty fields, are ignored. Further, the data can be
manipulated by a limited number of computer sub-routines
to provide uniform information for the vending machines.
This could allow a single graphic representation to be
utilized for all vending machines; presenting the common
elements of the vending machines in a single manner no
matter what the type or nature of the particular machine.
Note that although there are over many hundreds
of specific vending machines (over 200), due to the basic
commonality between machines, the basic and important date
can be presented with a lesser number of screens. For
example, it has been ascertained that about 20 basic
screen images of vending machines will allow the
presentation of most vending machines on the market today.
It is preferred that there be a central data
base having the display information ~or these basic
screens. Thus upon the specification of an appropriate
screen either manual or automatic, the computer 15 would
generate the appropriate image of a vending machine
WO9J/0~60~ 2 1 6 9 7 6 1 PCT~S94/09126
accurately representative of the machine then being
presented.
Other parts of the screen, for example the
various condition icons, can be similarly generated.
It is noted that when an inventory of an item is
developed on the screen, it is preferred that the items
comprising this inventory be developed with images
representative thereof. For example, if a pop can machine
has columns of inventory, the circular end sections of pop
cans would be shown in such columns. Additional example
if change status is shown, a flat rectangle representative
of the edges of the coins would be shown in the change
area.
Due to the common signal content, technically a
single graphic display could be utilized for all vending
machines; Specifically displaying the common information
regardless of the type of machine. The reason for this i5
that the operator does not care about what any given
machine is, only what its status, and this status is
primarily dependent on the common operational elements.
Also some operators will rely primarily on the reports
generated by the system.
For operator intuitive convenience, it is
preferred that a number of screens be utilized
representing types of machines. For example, seven
screens: 1) pop/container; 2) candy; 3) snacks; 4) frozen
ice cream/popsicles; 5) coffee/cocoa/tea; 6) pop/liquid,
and 7) service utilized would enable a vendor to
cognitively ascertain the nature of most common food type
vending machines (as set forth above, 20 screens would
allow an accurate representation of most machines). A
further set of screens, for example a communications
screen and a route screen, would allow access to the
system.
Preferably, a screen would be designed to be
able to display the optimum number of pieces of
information for the majority of all vending machines, with
W095/05609 2 1 6 9 7 6 I PCT~S94/09126
46
machines having lesser capabilities being presented in a
modified form as previously set forth. For example, there
are some very large pop/container vending machines which
have nine column selections in a single row, each holding
approximately 75 cans. There are also pop/container type
vending machines which have but three columns, each
holding 25 cans. The basic screen program under these
circumstances would be designed to have the capability of
presenting the larger machine data. This would be the
default condition of the screen. However, upon entering
of the smaller machine's type or capabilities, the screen
would be automatically modified so as to present but the
needed information (i.e., three columns with a 25 can
m~i rum capability instead of nine columns each having 75
can capability of which only three are used and then only
l/3 full). This usage allows a particular vendor to use a
limited number of common screens, even one, to obtain all
of the information which is necessary to understand the
operating status of a vast number of vending machines,
each of which may be of a different type and each of which
may be manufactured by a different company.
In addition to presenting the information to the
operator visibly on a screen in a uniform manner, the
system is able to store data and generate common reports
for each machine, again totally independent of the exact
nature and/or manufacture of any particular machine. This
again is due to the use of the data acquisition unit to
provide for common signal information for all machines.
Due to this, the report information which can be developed
can be supplier specific irrespective of the exact nature
of the goods. For example, the need for a given quantity
of pop/containers, candy, and coffee for a given location
can be printed out in the same list independent of the
actual machines needing such inventory. For additional
example, the number and type of alarms in a wide
geographic area could be printed out. Further example the
specific inventory needs and optimal route assignments for
WO 95/05609 ~ r ~ ~ 2 1 6 ~ 7 6 I PCT~S94/09126
47
a particular vendor operator. Similarly as previously set
forth, a single database can be used for all incoming
information, such database amenable for manipulation by
software in any manner desired by the operator. This
allows the use of value added services without the
necessity of developing a unique program for each
particular manufacturer's particular type of machine.
Further, common summaries can be developed across the
entire database by the operator.
It is preferred that the database have
sufficient names and fields to handle information from the
most complex vending machine in a given system. Due to
the use of common signals for every vending machine, these
fields would be automatically filled with data from the
system. Additional fields could include for example the
type and nature of the specific vending machine, its
physical location by street address, and physical
placement, the communication standards for such machine
including route, link name, identification and number, the
nature and pricing of the varied items of inventory, the
various alarms available together with their triggering
points (upper and/or lower), and importance (i.e.,
automatic transmission on occurrence enablement), together
with other programmed elements.
It is preferred that the data processing, for
example the graphic display on the screen and the
processing software, be programmed to ignore non-active
names and fields. For example for a three column pop
machine, a 49 inventory item capable system would
preferably ignore the 46 empty fields in producing the
screen images and any reports for this machine. For
additional example no compressor or temperature icon would
be utilized for a dry snack machine. A separate database
having information that can be called up by the identity
of a particular machine could be utilized to initially set
up the data processing standards for that machine.
WO9~/0~609 L ! ~ ~ ' 2 1 6 9 7 6 I PCT~S94/09126
48
In all systems, it is possible that reports be
generated and inventory replaced in multiple unit
container multiples (for example the archtypical 24 can
pop box). This reduces odd lots while maximizing operator
convenience.
Turning now to FIGURE 14, a diagram of a typical
user interface produced by the central computer system is
shown.
The central computer system provides a display
of each vending machine being monitored (pop/container
machine shown). With other types of vending machines
(phone, snacks, cigarettes, etc.) it is preferred the
display reflect the type of vending machine. Typically a
limited number of universal displays will provide the
required information as set forth previously. Indeed, due
to the common signal content, a single screen could be
utilized (preferably as set forth automatically adapted by
available data so as to present only pertinent
information).
The display 450 disclosed includes various icons
and images that are representative of the elements of
vending machines. Preferably these icons have an
appearance intuitively similar to the items that they
represent (example later given). Due to the common
elements in vending machines, a minimum number of icons
need be utilized. The particular icons utilized can be
automatically generated by software based on database
information or can be separately entered.
The particular display 450 disclosed includes a
vending machine icon 452, which looks like the vending
machine itself. This enables even the most unskilled
operator to appreciate the status of that particular
machine. The specific icon 452 discussed includes a
series of columns each having a column count box 456 that
indicates the number of product in the column, as well as
a bar graph 458, which visually indicates how the number
of cans in the column compares to the length of the
W095l0s609 ~ . 2 1 6 9 7 6 1 PCT~S94/09126
49
column. Preferably, the number of columns and/or rows
displayed for a given machine are equal in number to the
actual number of columns and/or rows, with the bar graph
at 100% when any particular column at the machine is full.
This type of presentation is easily developed from the
generic type of machine, the number of columns, and/or the
total maximum number of containers per column and/or as
entered on initial set up of the computer. For example,
in a pop/container machine, the selection of the
pop/container machine would initially develop a dispiay
having a default number of columns (and no rows) each with
a certain default maximum number of containers. The
entering of the actual number of columns and/or rows would
alter the default display to the actual number of columns
and/or rows (for example from 12 columns down to 6
columns). The entering of the actual number of ~;~um
containers would likewise alter the default display
respectively (for example from 75 down to 50). The bar
graphs per item would remain at 100~ until further manual
or automatic (i.e., in use) input modified the number of
cans per column. This use of defaults is preferred
because it provides the operator with a usable (albeit not
optimized) system with a minimum of inputs. Alternate
schemes could be used including not presenting any columns
and/or rows and/or any number of containers until the
proper data is available. In any event, it is preferred
that the display be automatically generated from a single
subroutine having variable inputs. It could also be
developed automatically from a pre-installed database by
the entering of a specific make and model vending machine.
With altering input of other generic types of
machines, other initial displays will be developed,
displays that could be different than a column type
display. For example, a generic type snack machine might
~ 35 have many options developed in an X by Y column/row matrix
(for example 7x7), with the display having 3d type bar
protruding out of the screen in a step manner (number of
W095/05609 ~ .t~ 2 1 6 9 7 6 1 PCT~S94/09126
snacks at the end of each bar) while a generic type
cigarette machine might use only columns like the example
pop/container machine. In addition, the displays could
have either or both decreasing or increasing indicators.
As an example of the latter, a hotel might as a courtesy
extend to a guest a credit of $50.00 worth of services or
supplies on the guests room card key before room payment.
As the guest bought pop or used the phone, this initial
$50.00 credit could appear as an increasing bar,
indicating the total usage. The charges could also be
billed directly to the room (possibly subject to an upper
limit). In addition, in this case, warning indicators
might appear at the top of the bar not bottom. Thus the
displays, although of a few generic types, might differ in
actual presentation.
In general, columns are preferred subject to
screen resolution limitations.
Note that historical type information can be
presented in the display. This could occur by presenting
multiple graphic displays showing vend cycles over time on
a single screen (in narrow columns), by requiring an
operator to click on a particular column to display
multiple columns showing historical data in respect to
that particular item, or otherwise.
The icons that are developed in the graphic
representation are preferably accomplished dependent on
the available active data and/or the programming of the
machine. These include as follows:
The particular display 452 shown includes a
power icon 460 that represents a power connection to the
vending machine. If power is interrupted, the icon 460
will flash to the user thereby informing the user that the
remote vending machine is without power. This type of
sensor and indication and others would be common to most
electrically powered machines.
The particular machine disclosed is a
pop/container vending machine. Other types of machines,
Woss/o56o9 ~ 2 1 6 976 1 PCT~S94/09126
51
vending goods, and/or services could be utilized. This
type of pop/container machine normally includes a
compressor. Abnormal cycling of a compressor, either low
or high, is an indication of either a refrigeration loop
or general machine malfunction. In addition, the cost of
electricity for operation increases. For this reason,
preferably a compressor cycling sensor and indicator is
included in devices utilizing temperature altering
mechAn;cr~ (i.e., cold or hot). A compressor icon 460
that represents a compressor is graphically illustrated in
the display and has located below it a compressor cycles
box 464 indicating the number of compressor cycles
completed in a 24-hour period. Should the number of
compressor cycles exceed or be less than predefined limits
as set by the alarm response bytes described above, the
compressor icon 460 will light.
In the particular machine disclosed, loss of
refrigeration will not potentially cause injury. However,
most people prefer cold pop to warm pop. For this reason,
a temperature sensor and indicator is preferably included
in the system 10. This type of sensor would be utilized
with most machines containing temperature changing
devices.
A thermometer icon 466 is provided to indicate
when the temperature is out of a predefined range. Again,
if the temperature range is abnormal, the thermometer icon
466 will flash.
Other types of universal sensors could also be
utilized with many differing types of vending machines.
Examples of these in the preferred embodiment disclosed
include: A coin icon 468 represents when exact change is
needed. If the coin icon 468 flashes, a user knows that
the change counter is out of change. A key icon 470
representing an unauthorized entry flashes when the door
to the vending machine is opened and either no PIN or an
incorrect PIN was entered. A communications icon 472
represents the communications link between the remote
W095/05609 j~ , 2 1 6 9 7 6 1 PCT~S94109126
vending machine and the central computer. If the icon 472
flashes, a user knows that there is some problem with the
communications link.
In all instances it is preferred that the
operator be able to set the levels a respective alarm
activates as well as whether the alarm is automatically
sent or merely stored for routine transmission at the
regular time. This allows an operator to custom design
his system to his own specifications. (The alarms could
also be ignored at the computer 15 subject to display on
calling up the particular vending machine. For example
one operator might not be concerned with low inventory of
a particular item as long as the machine itself had
something to sell, while another operator might be very
concerned with low column inventory. For another example
ambient temperature in a pop machine causes no damage to
the items therein. Thus one operator may choose to not
have automatic transmission or recognition of a
temperature alarm (although may choose to have a below Y
or above X compressor alarm so activated).
The above graphic interface is given by example.
Others may be utilized by the invention.
With this type of graphic interface, an operator
can rapidly step through a vast multiple of individual
displays, each representing a particular vending machine,
with the information necessary to establish a condition
needing immediate attention (an alarm such as door open)
or a condition needing eventual attention (low inventory
of an item as indicated by a yellow short bar). The
operator can do this intuitively without the necessity of
appreciating let alone taking the time to read and
interpret an alphabetic/numeric presentation of the same
data. Further, due to the common signal and/or universal
displays per generic machine, the graphic information will
be presented in a non-confusing manner. The operator can
subsequently leisurely go through the displays for
additional more specific information.
WO9~l05609 ~ ~ -v~ PCT~S94/osl26
2 1 6 9 76 1
53
The display 450 shown includes this additional
more specific information in a plurality of smaller window
areas. An example of more specific information present in
this additional area would be an identity of the products
in the machine, the location of the products within the
machine, the location of the display within the machine,
the communication parameters for the displayed machine,
and physical location of the displayed machine. A further
example additional information might include the date and
time of last service, the servicer's name and pager
number, listing of the most recent alarms, and other
detailed information.
In the specific embodiment shown, an area 474
shown describes the particular product maintained in each
column of the vending machine. This identifies to the
operator the items represented by the various columns,
preferably together with brand names. This information
typically has to be manually entered. This allows an
operator to better comprehend the graphic display. For
example, if one column contained a red bar indicating a
critically low inventory of Diet Pepsi, while two other
columns contained green bars indicating an adequate
inventory, the operator and system would know that the red
bar alarm could be ignored with relative impunity. Also,
the operator could order the required product items to
fill the various columns from the display alone if
desired. In this respect, it is noted that most items are
shipped and/or packed in multiple item containers (for
example 24 cans of pop per box). It is possible for the
inventory to be managed in multiples of these multiple
item containers so as to avoid odd lot inventory. This
would be typically done for pop.
A window 476 shown defines where the particular
vending machine is located together with other
information. In the embodiment shown, the information
includes the identity of the service route of which the
machine is a part (the link name), the method to contact
WO95/05G09 ,~ ~ 2 1 6 ~ 7 6 1 PCT~S9~/09126
this machine (the link ID), the exact type of machine
(manufacturer and model number), and the physical location
of the machine (street address and location thereat).
This information allows the operator to handle any problem
with the machine.
The window 478 keeps track of the most recent
alarms experienced by the particular vending machine shown
in the display 450. This allows the operator to verify
that the problems represented thereby have been handled
appropriately. This information is generated
automatically.
This is an example of further information that
can be provided by this additional area of the display.
The information which produces the display 450
is stored in the database 22 which is maintained by the
central computer system. Each time a data packet is
received from the remote vending machine, the database is
updated and used to change the configuration of the
display 450 next time displayed. Therefore, a user can
easily identify any problems which may exist in a
particular vending machine by viewing the display 450.
The old data is preferably stored in a separate database
for use in creating additional value based information.
Examples include product trend analysis, eminent machine
breakdown, aging of inventory, and other conditions over
time based information.
For cost considerations, it is preferred that
all of the displays be generated at the computer, this to
simplify data trAn~;ssion. In specific, once initial
programming has taken place, normally only the number of
vend cycles per item would be communicated across the
network: The rest of the data would preferably be deemed
to remain stagnant (i.e., no signal, programmed condition
to remain).
In addition to the specific machine displays, it
is preferred that there also be a master alarm display of
all machines on a particular route and/or vending
W095lo~60~ PCT~S94/09126
2 1 6976 1
territory. An example of this type of graphical display
provided by the central computer is shown in FIGURE 15.
This display 500 indicates to a user all the vending
machines contained on a particular route. These routes
may be assigned to one or more service technicians. On
the display is shown a window 502 which shows the
particular route number and the number of each vending
machine contained on that particular route. Next to the
number of each particular vending machine is a dot 504
which is color coded to indicate an alarm condition within
the vending machine. If the dot is green, no alarm
exists. An alarm condition is displayed as a red dot.
This provides the operator with an instant full route
status report as to any critical conditions. Therefore,
when the user opens a window 502, it is easy to detect
which vending machines have alarm conditions. The display
500 also contains smaller icons 506 at the bottom which
represent each route maintained on the database. By
selecting one of the smaller icons 506, the window 502 is
produced showing each vending machine on the route
selected.
In the upper left-hand portion of the display
500 is a dot 510. The dot indicates to the user whether
an alarm packet has been received for any vending machine
in contact with the central computer system. The dot 510
is red and can be accompanied by an audible alarm if a
vending machine transmits an alarm data packet. The user
can see which vending machine has activated the alarm by
opening the window 502 and looking for the dot 504 next to
the number of the vending machine that transmitted the
alarm data packet.
As can be seen, the present invention allows a
user to monitor the operation of a plurality of vending
machines from a central computer system. Each vending
machine is periodically interrogated by the central
computer and the pertinent information regarding the
amount of money in the machine, the amount of product left
WO 9~10rCO9 ~ r 2 1 6 q 7 6 1 PCT~S94/09126
.
56
in the machine and any alarm conditions which may have
occurred in the machine is graphically illustrated to the
user. Thus, the present invention can allow a user to
efficiently schedule service visits, to repair problems
and make sure the machine is fully stocked. Furthermore,
the use of the modem provides a level of convenience and
simplicity which was not previously available in remote
monitoring systems.
While the preferred embodiment of the invention
has been illustrated and described, it will be appreciated
that various changes can be made therein without deviating
from the spirit and scope of the invention. The
embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive
property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
