Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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Title: FLAME SIMULATING ASSEMBLY AND
COMPONENTS THEREFOR
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to simulated
fireplaces and, more particularly, to flame simulating assemblies for
electric fireplaces and the like.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Electric fireplaces are popular because they provide the visual
qualities of real fireplaces without the costs and complications associated
1 0 with venting of the combustion gases. An assembly for producing a
realistic simulated flame for electric fireplaces is disclosed in U.S. Patent
4,965,707 (Butterfield). The Butterfield assembly uses a system of billowing
ribbons and a diffusion screen for simulating flames. The simulated
flames are surprisingly realistic, although the effect resembles a flame
1 5 from a coal fuel source (which is popular in Europe), rather than a log
fuel
source (which is more popular in North America). The flames for burning
logs tend to be more active and extend higher above the fuel source. Also,
the log flame tends to be less red (and more yellow) in color than the coal
flame.
2 0 There is a need for an assembly for producing a simulated
flame that more realistically resembles the flame from a burning log. Also,
there is a need to improve the light intensity of the simulated flame to
more realistically resemble the intensity of real flames.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
2 5 The present invention is directed to an improved flame
simulating assembly that produces a realistic appearing flame.
In one aspect, the invention provides a flame simulating
assembly comprising:
a light source;
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a flame effect element having means for transmitting light
from said light source to produce a moving flame effect;
at least one flicker element having at least one reflective
surface, said flicker element being positioned intermediate of said light
source and said flame effect element to reflect light from said light source
for subsequent transmission by said flame effect element;
a screen having a partially reflecting surface and a diffusing
surface, said flame effect element extending proximate to said diffusing
surface wherein said transmitted light produces an image on the screen
1 0 which resembles moving flames; and
a simulated fuel bed positioned adjacent to said partially
reflecting surface wherein an image of the fuel bed is displayed on the
screen and wherein the image of moving flames appears to emanate
between the simulated fuel bed and its image in the screen.
1 5 In a second aspect, the invention provides a flame simulating
assembly comprising:
a light source;
a flame effect element formed of a single sheet of a
substantially opaque material having openings for transmitting light from
2 0 said light source to produce a flame effect, said flame effect element
being
adapted to move in response to an airflow;
an airflow generator;
a screen having a partially reflecting surface and a diffusing
surface, said flame effect element extending proximate to said diffusing
2 5 surface and substantially across the width of said screen, wherein said
transmitted light produces an image on the screen which resembles
moving flames; and
a simulated fuel bed positioned adjacent to said partially
reflecting surface wherein an image of the fuel bed is displayed on the
3 0 screen and wherein the image of moving flames appears to emanate
between the simulated fuel bed and its image in the screen.
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In a third aspect, the invention provides a flame simulating
assembly, comprising:
a light source;
at least one flicker element having at least one reflective
surface for reflecting light from said light source, said flicker element
being
arranged along a generally horizontal axis parallel to said screen;
a rotor for rotating said flicker element about said axis;
a screen having a partially reflecting surface and a diffusing
surface, wherein light reflected from said rotating flicker element onto said
1 0 diffusing surface produces an image which resembles moving gasses from
a fire; and
a simulated fuel bed positioned adjacent to said partially
reflecting surface wherein an image of the fuel bed is displayed on the
screen and wherein the image of moving gasses appears to emanate
1 5 between the simulated fuel bed and its image on the screen.
In another aspect, the invention provides a flame effect
element for use in a flame simulating assembly, comprising:
a single sheet of a substantially opaque, light-weight material
sized to extend substantially fully across the area where the flame effect is
2 0 desired; and
a plurality of openings defined in said sheet for facilitating
the passage of light through said sheet to produce said flame effect.
In another aspect, the invention provides a generally
transparent screen for use in a flame simulating assembly comprising:
2 5 a body having a partially reflecting surface and a diffusing
surface, said surfaces being opposed;
a matte region located at one portion of said partially
reflecting surface, said matte region having a matte finish that is
substantially non-reflective; and
3 0 a reflective region located at another portion of said screen,
said reflective region having a reflective finish.
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In another aspect, the invention provides a flame simulating
assembly comprising:
a light source;
a flame effect element formed of a single sheet of a
substantially opaque material sized to extend substantially fully across the
area where the flame effect is desired, said sheet defining a plurality of
openings for facilitating the passage of light from said light source to
produce a moving flame effect;
at least one flicker element having at least one reflective
1 0 surface for reflecting light from said light source through said flame
effect
element;
a transparent screen having a diffusing surface, said flame
effect element extending proximate to said diffusing surface wherein said
transmitted light produces an image on the screen which resembles
1 5 moving flames; and
means for moving said flicker element relative to said screen.
In another aspect, the invention provides a simulated fuel
bed for use in a flame simulating assembly, comprising:
a first portion composed of a ceramic material and formed to
2 0 simulate logs in a fireplace; and
a second portion composed of a plastic material and formed
to simulate an ember bed for logs in a fireplace, said second portion being
formed to receive said first portion to resemble, in combination, one or
more logs in an ember bed.
2 5 In another aspect, the invention provides a screen, for use in
a flame simulating assembly, comprising:
a partially translucent diffusing element sized to extend
substantially across the area where a flame effect is desired, said partially
translucent diffusing element having a thickness adapted to diffuse light
3 0 through said thickness; and
a partially reflecting element sized to substantially oppose
said diffusing element, said reflecting element having a partially reflecting
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surface which faces away from said diffusing element;
wherein light passing through said diffusing element is visible through
said partially reflecting surface.
In another aspect, the invention provides a screen, for use in
a flame simulating assembly, comprising:
a translucent diffusing element sized to extend substantially
across the area where a flame effect is desired, said diffusing element being
substantially non-planar; and;
a partially reflecting element sized to substantially oppose
1 0 said diffusing element, said reflecting element having a partially
reflecting
surface which faces away from said diffusing element;
wherein light passing through said diffusing element is visible through
said partially reflecting surface.
In another aspect, the invention provides a flame simulating
1 5 assembly comprising:
a light source;
at least one flicker element having at least one reflective
surface;
a flame effect element formed of a piece of a substantially
2 0 reflective material sized to extend substantially fully across the area of
where a flame effect is desired;
a screen having a light diffusing element sized to extend
substantially fully across the area of where a flame effect is desired, said
flame effect element extending proximate to said light diffusing element,
2 5 wherein light from said light source is reflected from said flicker
element
to said flame effect element, and reflected from said flame effect element to
said screen; and
means for moving said light reflected from said light source
to produce an image on said screen which resembles moving flames.
3 0 In another aspect, the invention provides a fireplace assembly
comprising:
a substantially transparent front wall having an inner surface;
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a reflective surface facing said inner surface of said front wall;
and
a pattern applied to said inner surface of said front wall, said
pattern being substantially invisible to an observer looking through said
substantially transparent front wall but visible as a reflection in said
reflective surface.
In another aspect, the invention provides a flicker element
for use in a flame simulating assembly comprising a plurality of reflective
strips protruding radially from a rod, said strips being non-rectilinear in
shape.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For a better understanding of the present invention, and to
show more clearly how it may be carried into effect, reference will now be
made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings. The drawings
1 5 show preferred embodiments of the present invention, in which:
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an electric fireplace
incorporating a flame simulating assembly in accordance with the present
invention;
Fig. 2 is a side view of the assembly of Fig. 1 showing
2 0 elements behind the side wall;
Fig. 3 is a front view of the assembly of Fig. 1 showing
elements below the top wall;
Fig. 4 is a top view of the assembly of Fig. 1 showing elements
behind the front wall;
2 5 Fig. 5 is a front view of a flame effect element for the
assembly of Fig. 1;
Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the upper flicker element for
the assembly of Fig. 1, as viewed along direction arrow 6 in Fig. 3;
Fig. 7 is a partial plan view of a length of material defining a
3 0 plurality of radial strips for the upper flicker element of Fig. 1;
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Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the lower flicker element for
the assembly of Fig. 1, as viewed along direction arrow 8 in Fig. 3;
Fig. 9 is a top view of a fuel bed light assembly for the
assembly of Fig. 1 in accordance with a further embodiment of the present
invention;
Fig. 10 is a side view of a second embodiment of the flame
simulating assembly showing an alternative orientation of the flicker
elements;
Fig. 11 is a front view of a second embodiment of the vertical
1 0 screen showing the partially reflecting surface divided into regions;
Fig. 12 is an exploded detail view of a second embodiment of
the fuel bed;
Fig. 13 is a side view of a third embodiment of the flame
simulating assembly showing an alternative flame effect element;
1 5 Fig. 14 is a front view of the flame effect element for the
assembly of Fig. 13;
Fig. 15 is a perspective side view of a fourth embodiment of
the flame simulating assembly, showing an alternative flame effect
element and an alternative vertical screen;
2 0 Fig. 16 is a perspective side view of an alternative vertical
screen assembly for the assembly of Fig. 1 or Fig. 15;
Fig. 17 is a front view of the flame effect element for the
assembly of Fig. 15;
Fig. 18 is a front perspective view of an electric fireplace
2 5 incorporating a fire wall simulating assembly;
Fig. 19 is a perspective side view of the fireplace of Fig. 18;
Fig. 20 is an enlarged perspective view of the inner surface of
the front wall of the assembly of Fig. 18; and
Fig. 21 is a partial plan view of a length of material defining a
3 0 plurality of radial strips for an alternative embodiment of the upper
flicker
element of Fig. 1 or Fig. 15.
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
A flame simulating assembly in accordance with the present
invention is shown generally at 10 in the figures. The assembly is
incorporated within an electric fireplace which is depicted generally at 12
with an electrical connection 13 for connecting to a power source (not
shown).
The electric fireplace 12 includes a housing 14 that defines a
simulated firebox having top, bottom, front, rear and side walls 16, 18, 20,
22 and 23, respectively. A portion of the front wall is defined by a
1 0 transparent front panel 24 that is removable to permit access to the
contents of the housing 14. A control unit 21 is located above the top wall
of the housing. The control unit 21 includes a heater unit 25, a thermostat
27 for controlling the heat output and a main power switch 29 for
actuating the flame effect.
1 5 Referring to Fig. 2, a simulated fuel bed 26 is supported on a
platform 28 located at a lower front portion of the housing 14. The fuel bed
26 comprises a plastic shell that is vacuum formed and colored to resemble
logs and embers for a log burning fire.
Portions of the shell are translucent to permit light from a
2 0 light source 30 located beneath the fuel bed 26 to shine through. For
instance, the shell may be formed from an orange translucent plastic. The
top side of the plastic shell may be painted in places to resemble the surface
of logs. The underside of the plastic shell may be painted black (or some
other opaque color) and then sanded in portions where it is desired for
2 5 light to pass. For instance, the protruding points on the underside of the
shell (corresponding to indents in the top side) may be sanded to allow
light passage. These points would thus resemble the embers of a fire. Also,
the crotch area between simulated logs may be sanded (or left unpainted)
to resemble embers at the intersection of two logs.
3 0 The light source 30 comprises three 60 watt light bulbs that
are supported in sockets 34 below the fuel bed 26. Alternatively, one or
more quartz halogen lights may be utilized. The sockets 34 are supported
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by vertical arms 36 that are connected with fasteners 38 to the bottom wall
of the housing 14. A parabolic reflector 40 is located below the light source
30 at the lower front end of the housing 14 to direct light toward the rear of
the housing 14. The intensity of the light can be varied with a dimmer
switch 41 that is electrically connected to the light source 30 and located on
the control unit 21.
In a further embodiment of the invention as shown in Fig. 9,
a fuel bed light assembly 100 may be arranged beneath the underside of the
fuel bed 26. The fuel bed light assembly 100 includes a support element 102
1 0 that supports a string of lights 104 beneath the fuel bed 26. The lights
104
are adapted to flicker at different times to give the impression of increases
and decreases in heat (as depicted by differences of light intensity) in the
embers of the fuel bed. It has been found that conventional Christmas
lights are suitable for this purpose. It has also been found that a realistic
1 5 ember effect may be generated by positioning four regular light bulbs
beneath the bed and randomly varying the intensity of the lights using a
micro-processor (not shown).
Located immediately behind the fuel bed 26 is a vertical
screen 42. The screen 42 is transparent and has a partially reflecting surface
2 0 44 and a diffusing surface 46. The screen 42 is seated in a groove 48
defined
in a lower horizontal support member 50. The lower horizontal support
member 50 is fastened to the side walls 23 of the housing 14 with fasteners
52. The screen 42 is supported on its sides with side frame members 54 that
are fastened to the side walls 23 with fasteners 56. The screen structure is
2 5 described in more detail in U.S. Patent 4,965,707.
The screen 42 is positioned immediately behind the fuel bed
26 so that the fuel bed 26 will be reflected in the reflecting surface 44 to
give
the illusion of depth. As will be explained further below, the image of
simulated flames appears to be emanating from between the fuel bed 26
3 0 and the reflection of the fuel bed 26 in the screen. Also, simulated
flames
appear to be emanating from the reflected image of the fuel bed 26. An
upper light source 57 is located at the top front portion of the housing for
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illuminating the top of the simulated fuel bed 26 and enhancing the
reflected image in the screen 42.
Referring more closely to the flame simulation assembly 10,
the assembly includes a flame effect element 58, a blower 60 and upper and
lower flicker elements 62 and 64.
As shown in Fig. 5, the flame effect element 58 is formed
from a single thin sheet of a light-weight, substantially opaque, material
such as polyester. The element 58 extends across substantially the full
width of the screen 42. A plurality of slits 66 are cut into the flame effect
1 0 element 58 to permit passage of light through the flame effect element 58
as it billows under the influence of air currents from the blower 60. Longer
sized slits 66 are located at the lower end of the flame effect element 58 to
simulate longer flames emanating from the fuel bed 26. Smaller slits 66 are
located at the upper end of the flame effect element 58 to simulate the licks
1 5 of flames that appear above the large main flames emanating from the
fuel bed 26. The slits 66 are arranged in a pattern that is symmetrical about
a center axis 68 of the flame effect element 58 to give a balanced appearance
to the flame effect. The element 58 may be coated with a plastic film (such
as polyurethane) to retard fraying about the edges of the slits.
2 0 Alternatively, the flame effect element could comprise a plurality of
discrete flame effect elements 58 as disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,965,707.
The flame effect element 58 is supported at its bottom end by
fasteners 70 that connect to the lower horizontal support member 50. The
flame effect element 58 is supported at its upper end by fasteners 72 that
2 5 connect to an upper horizontal support member 74. The upper horizontal
support member is connected by fasteners 76 to the side walls of the
housing 14.
The flame effect element 58 is supported relatively loosely
between the horizontal supports so that it will billow or ripple with the air
3 0 currents from the blower 60. The blower 60 is supported by a mounting
bracket 78 that is supported with fasteners 80 to the bottom wall of the
housing 14. An airflow control switch 83 is provided on the control unit 21
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bracket 78 that is supported with fasteners 80 to the bottom wall of the
housing 14. An airflow control switch 83 is provided on the control unit 21
to vary the blower airflow to a desired amount. T'he greater the airflow, the
more active the flame will appear. Alternatively, the flame effect element
58 may be moved mechanically to produce sufficient billowing or rippling
to give the flame effect.
In use, light is transmitted from the light source 30 through
the slits 66 of the flame effect element 58 to the diffusing surface 46 of the
screen 42. The flame effect element 58 billows in the airflow from the
1 0 blower 60 to vary the position and size of the slits 66. The resulting
effect is
for the transmitted light to resemble flames licking from a fire. As will be
explained further below, the transmitted light is at least partially colored
due to its reflecting from a colored reflecting surface 82 of a flicker
element
62, 64 prior to passing through the slits 66.
1 5 The upper and lower flicker elements 62, 64 are located
rearwardly from the flame effect element 58 proximate to the rear wall of
the housing 14. As shown in Figs. 6 and 8, each flicker element comprises
an elongate rod 81 having a plurality of reflective strips 82 extending
radially outwardly therefrom. The flicker elements 62, 64 preferably have a
2 0 diameter of about two to three inches. The strips 82 are formed from a
length of material having a width of approximately one and a half inches.
A series of transverse slits are cut along one elongate side of the length of
the material 83 to define each individual strip 82. The length of material 83
is then wrapped about the rod 81 so that the strips 82 protrude radially
2 5 about the full circumference of the rod 81. Alternatively, the strips 82
may
be cut to lengths of around two to three inches and clamped at their
centers by spiral wound wires that form the rod 81. Alternatively, the
reflective surfaces of the flicker elements could be mirrored glass pieces
arranged about the surface of a cylinder.
3 0 The rods 81 are supported at one end in corresponding
recesses 84 defined in a vertical support arm 86 that is connected by
fasteners 88 to the bottom wall of the housing 14. The rods 81 are
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connected at their other end to corresponding rotors 90 for rotating each
rod 81 about its axis. The rotors 90 are rotated by electric motors 91 as
shown. The rotors 90 are supported by a vertical support member 92 that is
connected with fasteners 94 to the bottom wall of the housing 14.
Alternatively, the rotor 90 may be rotated by air currents from the blower
60 engaging corresponding fins on the rotors. Preferably, the rotors 90
rotate the flicker elements 62, 64 in the direction indicated by arrow 93 in
Fig. 2 so that an appearance of upward motion is imparted on the reflected
light images. This simulates the appearance of upwardly moving gasses
1 0 from a fire. It is contemplated that other means for simulating the
appearance of upwardly moving gasses may be used. For instance, a light
source (not shown) may be contained within a moving, partially opaque,
screen (not shown) to produce the desired light effect. It is also
contemplated that the flicker elements 62, 64 or the above described gas
1 5 simulating means may be used alone without the flame effect element 58.
It has been found that the use of the flicker elements 62, 64 alone produces
a realistic effect although not as realistic as when used in combination
with the flame effect element 58.
Referring to Fig. 2, it may be seen that the lower flicker
2 0 element is positioned slightly below the horizontal level of the upper end
of the fuel bed 26. This facilitates the appearance of upwardly moving
gasses and colored flames emanating from near the surface of the fuel bed
when viewed by a person in front of the fireplace. Similarly, the upper
flicker element is positioned at a horizontal level above the fuel bed 26 to
2 5 give the appearance of upwardly moving gasses and colored flames
emanating a distance above the fuel bed when viewed by a person in front
of the fireplace. In addition, the upper and lower flicker elements 62, 64
improve the light intensity of the simulated flame and gasses.
Referring more closely to Fig. 7, the strips 82 for the upper
3 0 flicker element 62 are shown. Each strip 82 is formed from a reflective
material such as MYLARTM. The strip 82 is preferably colored with either a
blue or red tip 96 and a silver body 98, although a fully silver body has been
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used successfully as well. A length of material 83 with red tipped strips 82
and a length of material 83 with blue tipped strips 82 may both be wrapped
about the rod 81. As shown in Fig. 6, a combination of blue and red tipped
strips 82 protrude radially from the rod 81 over the entire length of the
flicker element 62. As a result, the upper flicker element 62 reflects white,
red and blue light that is subsequently transmitted through the flame effect
element 58.
The lower flicker element 64, as shown in Fig. 8, comprises a
dense arrangement of thin strips 82 that are formed from a reflective
1 0 material such as MYLARTM. The strips 82 are either substantially gold in
color, or substantially red in color. A combination of lengths of material 83
with red strips 82 and gold strips 82 may be wrapped around the rod 81 to
produce an overall red and gold tinsel appearance. As a result, the lower
flicker element 64 reflects yellow and red light that is subsequently
1 5 transmitted through the flame effect element 58.
In use, the flicker elements 62, 64 are rotated by the rotors 90
so that the reflective surfaces of the strips 82 reflect colors through the
slits
66 of the billowing flame effect element 58 and produce the effect of
upwardly moving gasses. The colors reflected by the lower flicker element
2 0 64 resemble the colors of flames located near the surface of the fuel bed
26.
The colors reflected by the upper flicker element 62 resemble the colors of
flames that are located further from the surface of the fuel bed 26. The
upper flicker element 62 has a less dense arrangement of strips 82 in order
to produce more random reflections that simulate a more active flickering
2 5 flame at a distance above the fuel bed 26. The more dense arrangement of
strips 82 in the lower flicker 64 produces relatively more constant
reflections that simulate the more constant flame activity adjacent to the
fuel bed 26.
Referring to Fig. 10, an alternative orientation for the flicker
3 0 element 62, 64 is shown. The upper flicker element 62 is positioned
slightly below the horizontal level of the upper end of the fuel bed 26. The
lower flicker element 64 is positioned slightly above the horizontal level
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of the lower end of the fuel bed 26. The lower flicker element 64 is
positioned slightly above the horizontal level of the lower end of the fuel
bed 26.
Referring to Fig. 11, an improved vertical screen 42' is
depicted. The front of the screen includes a partially reflecting surface 44'
that is divided into a matte region 200, a transition region 202 and a
reflecting region 204. The reflecting region 204 is located at the lower end
of the vertical screen 42' and is sufficiently sized for reflecting the fuel
bed
26 to produce the simulated effect. At the same time, the reflecting region
1 0 204 is not overly sized so as to reflect unwanted images such as the floor
covering located immediately in front of the fireplace. For this reason, the
vertical screen 42' includes the matte region 200 at its middle and upper
end. The matte region 200 has a matte finish that does not reflect images
while still permitting visibility of the simulated flame image through the
1 5 vertical screen 42'. The transition region 202 comprises a gradual
transition
between the non-reflective matte region 200 and the reflecting region 204.
Referring to Fig. 12, an improved fuel bed 26' is shown. The
fuel bed 26' includes a first portion 206 composed of a ceramic material and
formed and colored to simulate logs. The bed 26' also includes a second
2 0 portion 208 composed of a plastic material and formed and colored to
simulate an ember bed. The ember bed 208 is preferably translucent to
permit the passage of light from the light source 30 or fuel bed light
assembly 100 as described earlier. It has been found that a more accurate
simulation of logs 206 can be accomplished using ceramic materials and
2 5 flexible molds. The ember bed 208 can still be formed realistically from
plastic using a vacuum forming method. The bed is formed to receive the
ceramic logs 206. The ceramic logs 206 are then glued to the ember bed 208
to form the fuel bed.
Referring to Figs. 13 and 14, a third embodiment of the flame
3 0 simulating assembly 10 is depicted. For convenience, the same reference
numbers have been used to refer to the same elements. The third
embodiment does not include the blower 60 or the light-weight flame
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effect element 58 which was adapted to billow in the airflow of the blower.
Instead, an improved flame effect element 58' is positioned behind and
substantially across the full width of the screen 42. The improved flame
effect element 58' is similar in appearance to the flame effect element 58
depicted in Fig. 5. However, the improved flame effect element 58' is
positioned preferably in a generally vertical plane approximately three
inches behind the screen 42 (and about 1/2 inch from the flicker elements
62, 64). The element 58' is preferably formed of a more rigid material (e.g.
plastic or thin steel) so that it will remain generally stationary in its
1 0 vertical position. However, a light-weight material such as polyester may
be used instead with the element 58' being stretched taut into a vertical
position. Furthermore, it should be understood that a vertical position for
the element 58' is not critical, so long as light passage is possible as
described below.
1 5 A plurality of slits 66' are cut into the flame effect element 58'
to permit passage of light from the light source 30 through the flame effect
element 58' to the screen 42. While the improved flame effect element 58'
remains relatively stationary, the flame simulation effect is nonetheless
observable due to the reflection of light from the flicker elements 62 and 64
2 0 as the light passes through the slits 66'.
The improved flame effect element 58' is sandwiched
between upper and lower support elements 210 and 212 to support the
flame effect element in a generally vertical position. The lower horizontal
support member 50 acts as one of the lower support elements. In addition,
2 5 lower horizontal support member 50 acts as a horizontal opaque screen 214
to block light from passing below the screen 42 and flame effect element
58'. In this manner, substantially all of the light reaching the screen 42 has
been reflected by flicker elements 62 and 64 and passes through slits 66' in
the flame effect element 58'. The upper and lower support elements 210
3 0 and 212 are fastened to the side walls 23 of the housing 14 with fasteners
216.
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Alternatively, the element 58' could be formed with a
horizontal living hinge at its lower end. The portion below the living
hinge could be connected to the screen 42 and act as the horizontal opaque
screen 214. The portion above the screen should be supported at least at its
upper end by the upper support element 210. The living hinge allows the
element 58' to be moved up or down as described below.
The flame effect element 58' is preferably movable upwardly
or downwardly relative to the screen 42 in the direction of arrows 218. This
is accomplished by a height adjustment mechanism shown generally at
1 0 220. The mechanism 220 includes a wire 222 connected to the top of the
flame effect element 58'. The wire 222 extends over a pin 224 and connects
at its other end to the end of a height adjusting knob 226. The height
adjusting knob 226 protrudes from the front of the control unit 21 and is
capable of being moved inwardly and outwardly relative to the front face
1 5 of the control unit 21 in the direction of arrows 228. The height
adjusting
knob 226 includes a plurality of teeth 230 that engage the front face 232 of
the control unit 21 to permit the knob 226 to be secured inwardly or
outwardly relative to the control unit 21 in one of a plurality of positions.
It has been found that, by raising or lowering the flame effect element 58'
2 0 by a predetermined amount, the perceived intensity of the simulated
flame (both the brightness and size of the flame) effect can be increased or
decreased. It is believed that this change in intensity is due to the
different
sized slits 66' defined in the flame effect element 58' being more or less
visible to an observer positioned in front of the fireplace 12. It will be
2 5 appreciated that alternative height adjustment mechanisms may be
chosen. For instance, the knob 226, may be connected to the flame effect
element 58' by a cam arrangement for mechanically moving the element
58' up or down.
The embodiment depicted in Fig. 13 further includes a
3 0 simulated fire screen 234 covering the front face 232 of the transparent
front panel 24. The simulated fire screen 234 is preferably a woven mesh
such as is known for blocking sparks for conventional fireplaces. The
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woven mesh fire screen 234 is supported at its top and bottom ends by pins
236 protruding from the front wall 20 of the housing 14. Alternatively, the
simulated fire screen 234 can be defined directly on the transparent front
panel 24 using a silk screen process or the like. It has been found that the
simulated fire screen 234 reduces any glare or reflection that otherwise
might be visible on the transparent front panel 24.
Referring to Fig. 15, a further improved vertical screen 42" is
shown. The screen 42" is generally transparent and has a partially
reflecting surface 44" and a diffusing region 46" through its thickness. The
screen 42" is fabricated from a generally transparent but partially
translucent material preferably having a slightly clouded or milky
appearance through its thickness, such that light passing through the
screen 42" is partially transmitted and partially diffused. A satisfactory
material is a polystyrene which is given a slightly milky appearance by the
1 5 addition of an amount of a powdered white pigment, such as titanium
dioxide. The particle size of the pigment material is preferably microscopic
so that a uniformly clouded or milky appearance is imparted to the
diffusing region 46". The amount of diffusion achieved by diffusing region
46" can be controlled by the amount of pigment added to the plastic
2 0 composition of diffusing region 46". The amount of diffusion achieved by
diffusing member 46" should be such that a three-dimensional flame
appears through the thickness of diffusing member 46", when viewed
through partially reflecting member 44".
By diffusing the projected light of the simulated flame
2 5 gradually through the thickness of the screen 42", the improved screen 42"
gives an apparent thickness to the simulated flame, creating the illusion of
a three dimensional flame. Furthermore, the improved screen 42" does
not rely on a sandblasted or etched surface for its diffusing effect and
therefore simplifies construction of assembly 10.
3 0 Referring to Fig. 16, a further improved vertical screen
assembly 42"' is shown. The screen 42"' is composed of a reflecting
member 44"' and a diffusing member 46"'. The reflecting member 44"' is
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fabricated from a partially transparent, partially reflective material, such
as
semi-silvered glass. Diffusing member 46"' is fabricated from a translucent
material that partially transmits and partially diffuses light passing
through the diffusing member 46"'. Diffusing member 46"' may be made
from a transparent material similar to that used in screen 4, and given an
etched or sand-blasted diffusing surface, similar to diffusing surface 46.
Alternatively, translucent materials, such as white polystyrene and
polypropylene, have also been found to be suitable for diffusing member
46"'. Where a translucent material is used, the thickness of a particular
1 0 material used for diffusing member 46"' is chosen to allow diffusing
member to be self-supporting and yet remain translucent enough that a
flame effect is observable thereon through partially reflecting member 44"'.
Diffusing member 46"' does not necessarily embody the elements of
diffusing screen 46", described above.
1 5 Diffusing member 46"' is not planar but rather curved along
its length and width, the direction and amount of the curvature varying
both vertically and horizontally along diffusing member 46"'. Diffusing
member 46"' may be conveniently formed by vacuum-forming a sheet of
plastic to the desired shape. The curvature, in the vertical direction, of the
2 0 lower portion of diffusing member 46"' preferably follows the apparent
location of fuel bed 26 in reflecting member 44"' (indicated at 26') to give
the appearance that the simulated flames projected thereon are emanating
from behind the reflection 26' of fuel bed 26. For example, if fuel bed 26
included simulated wood logs, the simulated flames projected on diffusing
2 5 member 46"' would appear to be emanating from behind the reflection 26'
of the simulated logs in fuel bed 26. The curvature of the lower portion
diffusing member 46"', in the horizontal direction along fuel bed 26,
preferably tracks the particular angle at which a simulated log appears to
lay in fuel bed 26 and follows the apparent location of the log in reflecting
3 0 member 44"' (indicated at 26'). At a horizontal position on fuel bed 26
where no simulated log appears, diffusing member 46"' is locally curved to
be adjacent reflecting member 44"' to give the appearance that the
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simulated flames projected thereon are emanating from the embers
between the simulated logs of fuel bed 26.
As diffusing member 46"' rises vertically away from fuel bed
26, it preferably then curves generally closer to reflecting member 44"' to
create the illusion that simulated flames projected thereon are licking over
the logs of fuel bed 26. The curvature of the upper portion of diffusing
member 46"' may be appropriately chosen to further simulate the
turbulent and random pattern of a real flame.
The vertical screen assembly 42"' adds an additional three-
dimensional effect to the simulated flame. When viewed through
partially reflecting member 44"', the simulated flame appears to emanate
from behind the simulated logs of fuel bed 26 and subsequently travel a
three-dimensional path as it appears to rise from fuel bed 26, which more
accurately simulates the appearance of a real wood fire.
1 5 Referring to Figs. 15 and 17, a fourth embodiment of flame
simulating assembly 10 is depicted. For convenience the same reference
numbers have been used to refer to the same elements. The fourth
embodiment does not include a blower 60 or a light-weight flame effect
element 58 adapted to billow in the airflow of blower 60. Instead, an
2 0 improved and simpler flame effect element 58" is positioned behind and
substantially across the full width of the screen 42" (a screen 42, as shown
in Fig. 2, may equally be used), and in front of back wall 300. The
improved flame effect element 58" has a reflective surface 302 and
generally has a flame-like profile, as depicted in Fig. 17. Back wall 300 has
a
2 5 non-reflective surface. In a preferred embodiment, the element 58" is a
reflective decal applied to the surface of back wall 300. To simulate the
colors of a natural flame, flame effect element 58" is preferably colored
with a bluish or greenish base portion 304 and a silver body 306. The
transition between the blue portion 304 and the silver 306 is made
3 0 gradually as the intensity of the blue color in portion 304 is faded into
silver portion 306.
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Referring again to Fig. 15, a single flicker element 62, rotating
in direction 93, is positioned below the fuel bed 26 and generally in front of
flame effect element 58". Adjacent and behind the flicker element 62 is
positioned the light source 30. A light block 310 is provided to prevent
light from light source 30 from reaching the flame effect element 58"
directly. Hence, substantially only light reflected from flicker element 62
reaches flame effect element 58" and is subsequently reflected to, and
transmitted through, screen 42". The apparent intensity of the simulated
fire is proportionate to the speed at which flicker element 62 turns. A
1 0 variable speed control (not shown) for flicker element 62 may be provided
to allow the user to alter the apparent intensity of the simulated fire.
The introduction of a fixed flame element 58" removes
previous problems of silk element 58 clinging to screen 42". Further, the
improved design removes the need for blower 60 and lower flicker 64,
1 5 making assembly 10 simpler to manufacture and maintain. Furthermore,
by repositioning the flicker element 62 beneath fuel bed 26, a more
compact flame simulating assembly 10 may be achieved or, alternatively,
fuel bed 26 may be moved further back, away from front panel 24, giving
assembly 10 the look of a deeper, more realistic fireplace. Also, the
2 0 repositioning of flicker element 62 further simplifies the invention by
removing the need for a light source 30 with flickering intensity.
The embodiment depicted in Fig. 15 may further include a
transparent light randomizing panel 312, positioned between fuel bed 26
and flicker element 62. The panel 312 is preferably made of glass or optical
2 5 grade plastic and has non-planar surfaces 314 and 316. The surfaces 314,
316 each have convex and concave regions which smoothly and
contiguously blend into one another, resulting in a panel 312 having a
varied thickness. In use, panel 312 acts as a complex lens, with regions of
varied focal length, to light reflecting towards fuel bed 26 from flicker
3 0 element 62, which is rotating in direction 93. The effect of the complex
lens-like characteristics of panel 312 is to intermittently reverse the
direction of the reflected light from flicker element 62 as it crosses fuel
bed
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26. The result is that the simulated coals of fuel bed 26 appear to flicker in
a random direction, and not only in the direction of rotation of flicker
element 62.
Referring to Figs. 18, 19 and 20, a further improved flame
simulating assembly 10 with a simulated brick or rock fire wall 400 is
depicted. For convenience, the same reference numbers have been used as
previously to refer to the same elements. Referring to Fig. 19, simulated
fire wall patterns 402, 404 are applied to the inner surfaces of transparent
front panel 24 and each of side walls 23, respectively. Fire wall pattern 404
1 0 is applied by painting, or similar method, the pattern 404 on the inner
surface of each side wall 23. The pattern 402, as will be explained further
below, is applied to the inner surface of transparent front panel 24
preferably by applying, using a silk-screening method, a series of small
colored dots in a random pattern. The dots are applied in such a manner
1 5 that an observer positioned in front of transparent front panel 24 will
not
readily notice the dots applied to the inner surface of the panel 24 but will,
however, notice the reflection of the dots in the reflecting surface 44. The
effect gives the illusion of a fire wall appearing behind the image of the
simulated flames emanating from the fuel bed 26. A light source 57 is
2 0 provided beneath top wall 16 to light the pattern 402 to strengthen its
reflection in surface 44. To create a more realistic lighting of patterns 402,
404, light source 57 may be made to flicker randomly to simulate lighting
on the simulated fire wall 400 by a real flame. The flicker in light source 57
could be achieved by integrated circuit control (not shown) of the
2 5 electricity supplied to light source 57.
Referring to Fig. 20, a preferred method of applying pattern
402 to the interior surface of front panel 24 is shown. First, a random
pattern of small dots 406 is applied to the inner surface of front panel 24.
Although random, the pattern of dots 406 has a constant dot density per
3 0 square inch across the entire inner surface of front panel 24. Dots 406
are
preferably all the same size. The dot density and a size of dots 406 are
preferably chosen such that the presence of the dots 406 is not readily
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noticeable to an observer and the only effect imparted to the glass by the
presence of dots 406 is a smoked or tinted appearance to transparent front
panel 24. This effect is best achieved if the dots 406 are black in color.
Preferably the dots 406 are applied to the inner surface of panel 24 using a
silk screening process. Once the dots 406 have been applied, a set of
colored dots 408, of slightly smaller diameter than dots 406, is applied on
top of dots 406. Dots 408 are of slightly smaller diameter than, and located
concentrically on, dots 406 to ensure that an observer positioned in front of
assembly 10 will not notice the presence of dots 408 on the inner surface of
1 0 transparent panel 24. The dots 408 are also preferably applied using a
silk
screening process. Dots 408 preferably appear in two colors, the two colors
being the color of the simulated brick and the color of the simulated
mortar between the simulated bricks. The color of a particular dot 408 is
preferably chosen such that an overall brick and mortar pattern is formed
1 5 on the inner surface of front panel 24.
In use, the presence of the dots 406 and 408 on the inner
surface of transparent front panel 24 is not readily noticed by an observer
positioned in front of flame simulating assembly 10, however, the
reflection of the colored dots 406 in reflecting surface 44 is readily
apparent
2 0 to the observer. The simulated fire wall 400 appears to the observer to be
behind fuel bed 26 at twice the distance of front panel 24 to the back of fuel
bed 26. By locating dots 406 randomly across the inner surface of front
panel 24, a visible interference pattern is avoided. This interference
pattern would appear if the dots were regularly located on the inner
2 5 surface of front panel 24, the interference pattern being caused between
the
presence of dots 406, 408 on the inner surface of panel 24 and the reflection
of dots 406, 408 on reflecting surface 44. Dots 406 are applied with a
constant dot density per square inch to ensure that the smoked or tinted
appearance which dots 406 impart to front panel 24 is constant across front
3 0 panel 24. The colors chosen for pattern 402 are also the colors used for
pattern 404 on side walls 23. The patterns 402 and 404 are positioned on
the inner surface of front panel 24 and side walls 23, respectively, such that
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the apparent brick and mortar features of the two patterns intersect and
mate in a realistic fashion.
It will be apparent that the simulated fire wall pattern 402 can
also be achieved using alternate means. For example, a CLEAR FOCUSTM
one-way vision display panel (not shown), as is described in U.S. Patent
No. 5,525,177, may be used. Simulated fire wall pattern 402 can be applied
to the display surface of a CLEAR FOCUSTM panel which is, in turn,
applied to the inner surface of front panel 24, such that an observer
positioned in front of flame simulating assembly 10 cannot see pattern 402
1 0 directly but can view the reflection of pattern 402 in reflecting surface
44.
In another embodiment, the transparent front panel 24 is replaced by a
mesh front fire screen 24 (not shown), and the simulated fire wall pattern
402 is applied, with paint or similar means, to the inner surface of fire
screen 24. If care is used to ensure that the pattern 402 is applied only to
1 5 the interior surface of fire screen 24, the pattern 402 will not be
directly
visible to an observer standing in front of flame simulating assembly 10.
The observer will, however, be able to view the reflection of pattern 402 on
reflecting surface 44.
It is readily apparent that the apparatus to produce simulated
2 0 fire wall 400 could be used successfully with any fireplace having a front
panel 24 and reflecting surface 44. In particular, it will be apparent that
the
inclusion of a simulated fire wall 400 would greatly enhance the
appearance of a natural gas or propane fireplace. By using the disclosed
apparatus to create a simulated fire wall 400, the depth of a fireplace may be
2 5 decreased as a space-saving measure, however, an observer will not notice
that the depth of the fireplace has been decreased.
Referring to Fig. 21, improved strips 82' for the upper flicker
element 62 are shown. Since the sharp, straight lines of previous flicker
element 62 gave sharp, straight reflections of light, which reduced the
3 0 realism of the flame simulation, each improved strip 82' is given a series
of curvilinear cuts 82c. The result is an improved upper flicker element 62
which reflects non-rectilinear patterns of light that are subsequently
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transmitted through the flame effect element 58. The non-linear nature of
the reflected light patterns improves the realism of the flicker in the
simulated flame by causing the flickering patterns of reflected light to
appear more random and therefore more natural.
It is to be understood that what has been described is a
preferred embodiment to the invention. The invention nonetheless is
susceptible to certain changes and alternative embodiments fully
comprehended by the spirit of the invention as described above, and the
scope of the claims set out below.
