Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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CLEANSING COMPOSITIONS
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to cle~n~in~ compositions and especially to
compositions for use in cle~n~ing dentures and the like. In particular, the
invention relates to denture cle~n~in~ compositions having enhanced
antiplaque activity together with excellent denture cle~n~ing performance,
appearance, physical and dissolution characteristics, anti-bacterial
efficacy and in-use performance characteristics.
BACKGROUND
Effervescent tablets and powders for cle~n~in~ dentures and the like are
well known in the art. The aim of a denture cleanser product is to clean
the denture as fully and as quickly as possible and especially to remove
the accllmlll~tion of plaque, mucil~inous and bacterial deposits which
collect while the denture is being worn. To wear a denture which has not
been completely clP~n~-l of plaque and bacterial deposits is not only
unhygenic but can also within a short space of time result in a detrimental
effect on the mucous membrane. Moreover bacterial deposits can lead to
so-called bacterial corrosion of the plastics material used to produce the
denture with consequent color-change and malodor-formation.
It is known to include silicones in dentifrice compositions, allegedly to
coat the teeth and prevent cavities and st~inin~. For in~t~nce, GB-A-
689,679 discloses a mouthwash cont~ining an organopolysiloxane for
preventing adhesion of, or for removing tars, stains, tartar and food
particles from the teeth.
US-A-2,806,814 discloses dental preparations including, in combination,
a higher aliphatic acyl amide of an amino carboxylic acid compound as an
active and a silicone compound. The patent notes that silicone
compounds have been proposed for prevention of adhesion or to facilitate
the removal of tars, stains, tartar and the like from teeth. The silicone
compound is said to act as a synergist in improving the antibacterial and
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acid inhibiting activity of the active ingredient. Dimethyl polysiloxanes
are said to be particularly effective.
US-A-3624120 discloses quaternary ammonium salts of cyclic siloxane
polymers for use as cationic surfactants, bactericides and as
anticariogenic agents.
Dentures of course are generally made of a plastics material such as
acrylic and the problem of preventing plaque accllm~ tion or oi
removing plaque from dentures is therefore fi-nrl~mentally different from
the problem of plaque prevention and removal from dental enamal.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a denture cleanser having
improved efficacy on plaque, mucilaginous and bacterial deposils and
which at the same time provides excellent denture cle~ncin~ performance,
appearance, physical characteristics, dissolution and in-use performance
characteristics .
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a denture
cle~ncing composition comprising an inorganic persalt bleaching agent, an
effervescence generator and an aminoalkylsilicone as antiplaque agent.
The present invention also relates to the use of the defined
aminoalkylsilicone as antiplaque agent in denture cle~n~ing compositions
All percentages and ratios herein are by weight of total composition,
unless otherwise indicated.
The cle~ncin~ compositions of the invention thus comprise three essential
components, a bleaching agent, an aminoalkylsilicone and an effervescent
base composition. Each of these will be discussed in turn.
The bleaching agent takes the form of an inorganic persalt and c an be
selected from any of the well-known bleaching agents known for use in
denture cleansers such as the alkali metal and ammonium persulfates,
perborates, percarbonates and perphosphates and the alkali metal and
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~lk~line earth metal peroxides. Examples of suitable bleaching agents
include potassium, ammonium, sodium and lithium persulfates and
perborate mono- and tetrahydrates, sodium pyrophosphate peroxyhydrate
and magnesium, calcium, strontium and zinc peroxides. Of these,
however, the alkali metal persulfates, perborates and mixtures thereof are
prefered for use herein, highly preferred being the alkali metal
perborates. Tntlee~l, it is a feature of the invention that the tablet
compositions herein will provide excellent antimicrobial activity even in
the absence of alkali metal persulfates.
The amount of bleaching agent in the total composition is generally from
about S to about 70% preferably from about 10% to about 50%. In
compositions comprising a mixture of alkali metal pers~llf~tes and
perborates, the overall persulfate:perborate ratio is suitably from about
5:1 to about 1:5, more especially from about 2:1 to about 1:2.
The compositions herein also contain an aminoalkylsilicone antiplaque
agent. In general terms, the aminoalkylsilicone is selected from
noncyclic, hydrophobic amino~lkysilicones having a formula comprising
two basic units:
1) (Rl)m(R)nsi~(4-m-n)l2 wherein m+n is 1, 2 or 3; n is 1, 2 or 3;
m is 0,1,2; and
2) (Rl)a(R2)bSiO(4 a b)/2 wherein a+b is 1, 2, or 3, and a and b are
integers,
wherein Rl and R2 are independently selected from H ,alkyl and alkenyl
of about 1 to about 10 carbons optionally substituted with fluoro or cyano
groups, hydroxy, alkoxy, and acetoxy, for example, wherein R1 and R2
are independently selected from methyl, ethyl, phenyl, vinyl,
trifluolol,ropyl and cyanopropyl, and R is
R4 R4
--R3--N--R5 or --R3--N--R5 X
R6
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wherein R3 is a divalent alkylene of about 1-20, preferably abowt 3-5
carbon atoms optionally substituted or interrupted by O atoms, ~4, R5
and R6 which may be the same or different are selected from H~ alkyl of
about 1-20, preferably about 1-10, more preferably about 1~ carbons
optionally substit~lte-l or interrupted by N and/or O atoms, and X~ is a
monovalent anion such as halide, hydroxide, and tosylate, said
aminoalkylsilicone including about 60~o or less, preferably from about
0.1-30%, more preferably from 0.2-10% and especially from about 0.5-
2% of unit (1) on a repeating unit basis.
In a preferred embodiment, the aminoalkylsilicones comprise
amodimethicones. Amodimethicones are polydimethylsiloxane polymers
cont~inin~ aminoalkyl groups. The aminoalkyl groups may be present
either pendant or at one or more ends of the polydimethylsiloxane chain
Preferred are aminoalkylsilicones in which aminoalkyl moiety ~ is
selected from (CH2)3NH2, (CH2)3NHCH2CH2NH2,
(CH2)3N(CH2CH2OH)2, (CH2)3NH3+X-, and
(CH2)3N(CH3)2(C18H37)+X-, and especially from (CH2)3NH2 and
(CH2)3NHCH2CH2NH2. Also yrefelred are aminoalkyl silicones having
an average molecular weight of about 5,000 and above, preîelably from
about 5000 to about 100,000, more preferably from about 5000 to about
30,000.
Aminoalkylsilicone compounds suitable for use herein are well known.
Methods of preparing aminoalkylsilicones are given in, for example, US-
A-2,930,809.
Examples of amodimethicones include Dow Corning's DC-929, DC-Q2-
7224 and Q2-8075 and OSI's Magnasoft fluid, the latter being preferred.
These polymers comprise aminoalkyl groups affixed to a predomin~ntly
polydimethylsiloxane structure. The typical structure of M~n~oft's
aminoalkyl group-cont~ining units is
-OSi(Me)C3H6NHCH2CH2NH2.
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The aminoalkylsilicone is generally present in a level of from about
0.01 % to about 25 %, preferably from about 0.1 % to about 5 ~, more
preferably from about 0.5% to about 1.5~o by weight.
The denture cle~n.~ing compositions also incorporate an effervescence
generator which in ~referled embodiments takes the form of a solid base
material which in the presence of water releases carbon dioxide or oxygen
with effervescence. The effervescence generator utilized in the
compositions herein can be selected from ~enerators which are effective
under acid, neutral or ~lk~line pH conditions, but preferably it consists of
a combination of a generator which is effective or most effective under
acid or neutral pH conditions and a generator which is effective or most
effective under ~lk~line pH conditions. Effervescence generators which
are effective under acid or neutral pH conditions include a combination of
at least one alkali metal carbonate or bicarbonate, such as sodium
bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, potassium
carbonate, pot~sil-m bicarbonate, or mixtures thereof, in admixture with
at least one non-toxic, physiologically-acceptable organic acid, such as
tar~aric, fumaric, citric, malic, maleic, gluconic, succinic, salicylic,
adipic or sulphamic acid, sodium fumarate, sodiurn or potassium acid
phosphates, betaine hydrochloride or mixtures thereof. Of these, malic
acid is preferred. Effervescence generators which are effective under
~lk~linP pH conditions include persalts such as alkali and ~lk~line earth
metal peroxoborates as well as perborates, persulphates, percarbonates,
perphosphates and mixtures thereof as previously described, for example,
a mixture of an alkali metal perborate (anhydrous, mono- or tetrahydrate)
with a monopersulphate such as Caroat R marketed by E I du Point de
Nemours Co. and which is a 2:1:1 mixture of monopersulphate,
potassium sulphate and potassium bisulphate and which has an active
oxygen content of about 4.5 ~ .
In highly preferred compositions, the solid base material incorporates a
(bi)carbonate/acid effervescent couple optionally in combination with a
perborate/persulphate oxygen effervescence generator. The combination
of generators is valuable for achieving optimum dissolution characteristics
and pH conditions for achieving optimum cleaning and antimicrobial
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activity. The (bi)carbonate components generally comprise from about
5 % to about 65 %, preferably from about 25 % to SS % of the total
composition; the acid components generally comprise from about 5% to
about 50%, preferably from about 10% to about 30% of the total
composition.
The compositions of the invention can be supplemented by other known
components of denture cle~n~in~ formulations. An especially preferred
additional component is an organic peroxyacid precursor, which in
general terms can be defined as a compound having a titre of al least
1 .Sml of 0. lN sodium thiosulfate in the following peracid formation test.
A test solution is prepared by dissolving the following materials in 1000
mls distilled water:
sodium pyrophosphate
(Na4P2o7- 1~H2~) 2.5g
sodium perborate
(NaBO2.H2O2.3H2O) having
10.4% available oxygen 0.615g
sodium dodecylbenzene
sulphonate 0.5g
To this solution at 60~C an amount of activator is added such that for
each atom of available oxygen present one molecular equivalent of
activator is introduced.
The mixture obtained by addition of the activator is vigorously stirred and
m~int~in~l at 60~C. After S minlltes from addition, a 100 ml portion of
the solution is withdrawn and imme~ tely pipetted onto a mixture of 250
g cracked ice and 15 ml glacial acetic acid. Potassium iodide (0.4 g) is
then added and the liberated iodine is immediately titrated with 0.1 N
sodium thiosulphate with starch as indicator until the first disappearance
of the blue colour. The amount of sodium thiosulphate solution used in
ml is the titre of the bleach activator.
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The organic peracid precursors are typically compounds cont~inin.~ one or
more acyl groups, which are susceptible to perhydrolysis. The preferred
activators are those of the N-acyl or O-acyl compound type cont~ininP: a
acyl radical R-CO wherein R is a hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon
group having preferably from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms.
Examples of suitable peracid precursors include:
1) Acyl or~no~mides of the formula RCONR1R2, where RCO is
carboxylic acyl radical, R1 is an acyl radical and R2 is an organic
radical, as disclosed in US-A-3,117,148. Examples of compounds
falling under this group include:
a) N,N - diacetyl~niline and N-acetylphth~limi~le;
b) N-acylhydantoins, such as
N,N ' -diacetyl-5,5-dimethylhydantoin;
c) Polyacylated alkylene ~i~mines, such as
N,N,N'N' -tetraacetylethylene~ mine (TAED) and the
corresponding hexamethylene~ mine (TAHD) derivatives, as
disclosed in GB-A-907,356, GB-A-907,357 and GB-A-
907,358;
d) Acylated glycolurils, such as tetraacetylglycoluril, as disclosed
in GB-A-1,246,338, GB-A-1,246,339 and GB-A-1,247,429.
2) Acylated sulphon~micles~ such as N-methyl-N-benzoyl-menth~ne
sulphon~mi~le and N-phenyl-N-acetyl menthane sulphon~micle, as
disclosed in GB-A-3,183,266.
3) Carboxylic esters as disclosed in GB-A-836,988, GB-A-963,135
and GB-A-1,147,871. Examples of compounds of this type include
phenyl acetate, sodium acetoxy benzene sulphonate,
trichloroethylacetate, sorbitol hexaacetate, fructose pentaacetate, p-
nitrobenzaldehyde diacetate, isopropeneyl acetate, acetyl aceto
hydroxamic acid, and acetyl salicylic acid. Other examples are
esters of a phenol or substituted phenol with an alpha-chlorinated
lower aliphatic carboxylic acid, such as chloroacetylphenol and
chloroacetylsalicylic acid, as disclosed in US-A-3,130,165.
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4) Carboxylic esters having the gernal formal Ac L wherein Ac is the
acyl moiety of an organic carboxylic acid comprising an optionally
substituted, linear or branched C6-C20 alkyl or alkenyl m,oiety or a
C6-C20 alkyl-substituted aryl moiety and L is a leaving group, the
conjugate acid of which has a pKa in the range from 4 to 13, for
example oxybenzenesulfonate or oxybenzoate. Preferred
compounds of this type are those wherein:
a) Ac is R3-CO and R3 is a linear or branched alkyl group
cont~inin~ from 6 to 20, preferably 6 to 12, more preferably 7
to 9 carbon atoms and wherein the longest linear alkyl chain
extending from and including the carbonyl carbon contains
from 5 to 18, preferably 5 to 10 carbon atoms, R3 optionally
being substit~lte~l (preferably alpha to the carbonyl m.oiety) by
Cl, Br, OCH3 or OC2Hs. Examples of this class of material
include sodium 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyloxybenzene ~iulfonate,
sodium 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyloxybenzoate, sodium~ 2-
ethylhexanoyl oxybenzenesulfonate, sodium nonanoyl
oxybenzene sulfonate and sodium octanoyl
oxybenezenesulfonate, the acyloxy group in each instance
preferably being p-substituted;
b) Ac has the formula R3(AO)mXA wherein R3 is a linear or
branched alkyl or alkylaryl group cont~inin.~ from 6 to 20,
preferably from 6 to 15 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety, Rs
being optionally substituted by Cl, Br, OCH3, or OC2H~, AO
is oxyethylene or oxypropylene, m is from O to 100, X is 0,
NR4 or CO-NR4, and A is CO, CO-CO, R6-CO, CO-R6-CO,
or CO-NR4-R6-CO wherein R4 is Cl-C4 alkyl and lR6 is
alkylene, alkenylene, arylene or alkarylene cont~ini~ from 1
to 8 carbon atoms in the alkylene or alkenylene moiety.
Bleach activator compounds of this type include carbonic acid
derivatives of the formula R3(AO)mOCOL, succinic acid
derivatives of the formula R30CO(CH2)2COL, glycollic acid
derivatives of the formula R30CH2COL, hydroxypropionic
acid derivatives of the formula R30CH2CH2COL, oxalic acid
derivatives of the formula R30COCOL, maleic and fumaric
acid derivatives of the formula R30COCH=CHCO]_, acyl
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aminocaproic acid derivatives of the formula
R3CONR1(CH2)6COL, acyl glycine derivatives of the
formula R3CONR1CH2COL, and amino-6-oxocaproic acid
derivatives of the formula R3N(R1)CO(CH2)4COL. In the
above, m is preferably from 0 to 10, and R3 is preferably C6-
C12, more preferably C6-C1o alkyl when m is zero and Cg-
C1s when m is non-zero. The leaving group L is as defined
above.
5) Acyl-cyanurates, such as triacetyl- or tribenzoylcyanurates, as
disclosed in US patent specification No. 3,332,882.
6) Optionally substituted anhydrides of benzoic or phthalic acid, for
example, benzoic anhydride, m-chlorobenzoic anhydride and
phthalic anhydride.
Of all the above, preferred are organic peracid precursors of types 1(c)
and 4(a).
Where present, the level of peroxyacid bleach precursor by weight of the
total composition is preferably from about 0.1% to about 10%, more
~refelably from about 0.5% to about 5% and is generally added in the
form of a bleach precursor agglomerate.
The bleach precursor agglomerates preferred for use herein generally
comprise a binder or agglomerating agent in a level of from about 5 % to
about 40%, more especially from about 10~o to about 30% by weight
thereof. Suitable agglomerating agents include polyvinylpyrrolidone, poly
(oxyethylene) of molecular weight 20,000 to 500,000, polyethyleneglycols
of molecular weight of from about 1000 to about 50,000, Carbowax
having a molecular weight of from 4000 to 20,000, nonionic surf~ct~nts,
fatty acids, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, gelatin, fatty alcohols,
phosphates and polyphosphates, clays, aluminosilicates and polymeric
polycarboxylates. Of the above, polyethyleneglycols are highly
preferled, especially those having molecular weight of from about 1,000
to about 30,000, preferably 2000 to about 10,000.
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Preferred from the viewpoint of optimum dissolution and pH
characteristics are bleach precursor agglomerates which comprise from
about 10% to about 75%, preferably from about 20% to about 60% by
weight thereof of peroxyacid bleach precursor, from about 5 % to about
60% preferably from about 5% to about 50%, more preferably from
about 10% to about 40% of a (bi) carbonate/acid effervescent couple,
from about 0% to about 20% of a peroxoboroate, and from about 5% to
about 40%, preferably from about 10% to about 30% of an ag;glomerating
agent.
The final bleach precursor granules desirably have an average particle
size of from about 500 to about 1500, preferably from about 500 to about
1,000 um, this being valuable from the viewpoint of optimum dissolution
pelrorlllance and aesthetics. The level of bleach precursor agglomerates,
moreover, is preferably from about 1% to about 20%, more preferably
from about 5% to about 15% by weight of composition.
The compositions of the invention can be in paste,~liquid, tablet, granular
or powder form, although tablet-form compositions are highly ~referred
herein. Compositions in tablet form can be single or multiple layered
tablets.
The compositions of the invention can be supplemented by other usual
components of denture cle~ncin~ formulations, especially surfactants,
ch~l~tin~ agents, enzymes, flavorants, physiological cooling agents,
antimicrobial compounds, dyestuffs, sweeteners, tablet binders and fillers,
foam depress~nt~ such as dimethylpolysiloxanes, foam stabilizers such as
the fatty acid sugar esters, preservatives, lubricants such as talc,
m~n~sium stearate, finely divided amorphous pyrogenic silicas, etc. The
free moisture content of the final composition is desirably less than about
1% and especially less than about 0.5%.
Tablet binders and fillers suitable for use herein include
polyvinylpyrrolidone, poly (oxyethylene) of molecular weight 20,000 to
500,000, polyethyleneglycols of molecular weight of from about 1000 to
about 50,000, Carbowax having a molecular weight of from 4000 to
20,000, nonionic surfactants, fatty acids, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose,
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gelatin, fatty alcohols, clays, polymeric polycarboxylates, sodium
carbonate, calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, magnesium oxide,
m~nesium hydroxide carbonate, sodium sulfate, proteins, cellulose
ethers, cellulose esters, polyvinyl alcohol, alginic acid esters, vegetable
fatty materials of a pseudocolloidal character. Of the above,
polyethyleneglycols are highly preferred, especially those having
lmolecular weight of from about 1,000 to about 30,000, preferably from
about 12,000 to about 30,000.
The surface active agent used in the compositions of the invention can be
selected from the many available that are compatible with the other
ingredients of the denture cleanser, both in the dry state and in solution.
Such materials are believed to improve the effectiveness of the other
ingredients of the composition by aiding their penetration into the
interdental surfaces. Also, these materials aid in the removal of food
debris attached to the teeth. Between 0.1 and 5 percent by weight of the
dry composition of a dry powder or granular anionic surface active agent,
such as sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate, sodium lauryl
sulfoacetate or dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate or ricinoleyl sodium
sulfosuccinate, may, for example, be included in the composition and
preferably the surface active agent comprises between 0.5 and 4 percent
of the composition.
Suitable cationic, non-ionic and ampholytic surface active agents include,
for example, quaternary ammonium compounds such as
ce~rltrimethyl~mmonium bromide, condensation products of alkylene
oxides such as ethylene or propylene oxide with fatty alcohols, phenols,
fatty amines or fatty acid alkanolamides, the fatty acid alkanol~mi-les
themselves, esters of long-chained (Cg-C22) fatty acids with polyalcohols
or sugars, for example glycerylmonostearate or saccharosemonolaurate or
sorbitolpolyoxyethylenemono-or di-stearate, betaines, sulphobetaines or
long-chain alkylaminocarboxylic acids.
Chelating agents beneficially aid cle~ning and bleach stability by keeping
metal ions, such as calcium, m~nesium~ and heavy metal cations in
solution. Examples of suitable chelating agents include sodium
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tripolyphosphate, sodium acid pyrophosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate,
aminopolycarboxylates such as nitrilotriacetic acid and ethylene~ mine
tetracetic acid and salts thereof, and polyphosphonates and
aminopolyphosphonates such as hydroxyethanediphosphonic aci~,
ethylene~ mine tetramethylenephosphonic acid,
diethylenetri~minepentamethylenephosphonic acid and salts thereof. The
chelating agent selected is not critical except that it must be com~patible
with the other ingredients of the denture cleanser when in the dry state
and in aqueous solution. Advantageously, the chelating agent comprises
between 0.1 and 60 percent by weight of the composition and preferably
bet~,veen 0.5 and 30 percent. Phosphonic acid chelating agents, however,
preferably comprise from about 0.1 to about 1 percent, preferably from
about 0.1% to about 0.5 % by weight of composition.
Enzymes suitable for use herein are exemplified by proteases, ~lk~l~se~
amylases, lipases, dextranases, mutanases, glucanases etc.
Flavorants suitable for use in the compositions of the invention include
wintergreen oil, oregano oil, bay leaf oil, peppermint oil, spearmint oil,
clove oil, sage oil, s~s~fras oil, lemon oil, orange oil, anise oil,
benzaldehyde, bitter almond oil, camphor, cedar leaf oil, marjoram oil,
citronella oil, lavendar oil, mustard oil, pine oil, pine needle oil,
rosemary oil, thyme oil, cinnamon leaf oil, and mixtures thereof.
Suitable antimicrobial compounds include thymol, menthol, triclosan, ~
hexylresorcinol, phenol, eucalyptol, benzoic acid, benzoyl peroxide, butyl
paraben, methyl paraben, propyl paraben, salicylamides, and mixtures
thereof.
The following Examples further describe and demonstrate the preferred
embo~liments within the scope of the present invention.
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13
EXAMPLES I TO V
The following are representative denture cleansing tablets according tothe invention. The percentages are by weight of the total tablet. The
tablets are made by compressing a mixture of the gr~n~ ted components
in a punch and dye tabletting press at a pressure of about 105 kPa.
II III IV V
Malic Acid 12 10 15 - 14
Citric Acid - 10 - 15
Sodium Carbonate 10 8 10 6 10
Sulphamic Acid 5 - - 3 3
PEG 20,000 - 3 7 8 5
PVP 40,000 6 3
Sodium Bicarbonate 22 19 24.5 13 23
Sodium Perborate Monohydrate 15 12 16 30 15
Potassium Monopersulphate 15 18 13 - 14
Pyrogenic Silica - 3
Talc 2
EDTA - - 1 - 3
EDTMPl
FlavorS 2 1 2 1 2
M~n~coft Fluid4 1 5 0.5 10
Bleach Precursor Agglomerate 9 8 10 12 10
Bleach Precursor A~lomerate I II III IV V
TAED2 2 - 4 5 2.5
TMHoS3 2 3
Sulphamic Acid 2 2 2 2 3.5
Sodium Bicarbonate 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.5 2
PEG 6000 2.5 2 2.4 2.5 1.5
Dye - 0.8 1.4 2 0.5
1. Ethylene~ minetetramethylenephosphonic acid
2. Tetraacetylethylene ~ mine
3. Sodium 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyloxybenzene sulfonate
4 M~n~oft Fluid
5 Peppermint-based flavor
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14
In Examples I to V above, the overall tablet weight is 3 g; diameter 25mm.
The denture cleansing tablets of Examples I to V display improved
antiplaque efficacy together with excellent cleansing and anti-bacterial
activity, cohesion and other physical and in-use performance
characteristics .
