Language selection

Search

Patent 2229422 Summary

Third-party information liability

Some of the information on this Web page has been provided by external sources. The Government of Canada is not responsible for the accuracy, reliability or currency of the information supplied by external sources. Users wishing to rely upon this information should consult directly with the source of the information. Content provided by external sources is not subject to official languages, privacy and accessibility requirements.

Claims and Abstract availability

Any discrepancies in the text and image of the Claims and Abstract are due to differing posting times. Text of the Claims and Abstract are posted:

  • At the time the application is open to public inspection;
  • At the time of issue of the patent (grant).
(12) Patent Application: (11) CA 2229422
(54) English Title: METHOD IN A PAPER MACHINE
(54) French Title: PROCEDE UTILISE DANS UNE MACHINE A PAPIER
Status: Dead
Bibliographic Data
(51) International Patent Classification (IPC):
  • D21H 21/02 (2006.01)
  • D21F 1/32 (2006.01)
  • D21G 3/00 (2006.01)
(72) Inventors :
  • KUKKAMAKI, ESKO (Finland)
  • KANTELINEN, ANNE (Finland)
  • PARNANEN, PERTTI (Finland)
  • AHO, PEKKA (Finland)
  • JOKINEN, OLLI (Finland)
(73) Owners :
  • NALCO CHEMICAL COMPANY (United States of America)
  • UPM-KYMMENE CORPORATION (Finland)
(71) Applicants :
  • NALCO CHEMICAL COMPANY (United States of America)
  • UPM-KYMMENE CORPORATION (Finland)
(74) Agent: BORDEN LADNER GERVAIS LLP
(74) Associate agent:
(45) Issued:
(86) PCT Filing Date: 1996-09-18
(87) Open to Public Inspection: 1997-03-27
Availability of licence: N/A
(25) Language of filing: English

Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT): Yes
(86) PCT Filing Number: PCT/FI1996/000493
(87) International Publication Number: WO1997/011225
(85) National Entry: 1998-03-11

(30) Application Priority Data:
Application No. Country/Territory Date
954377 Finland 1995-09-18

Abstracts

English Abstract




The invention relates to a method in a paper machine in connection with a
moving element, such as cylinder, roll, felt, or wire, which is in contact
with the paper web to be produced. The conditions are such that the moving
element is exposed to substances in the paper web tending to adhere to the
moving element and to impair its operation in the process of paper production.
A composition is applied to the moving element, such as the central roll (1)
in the press section, e.g. by a nozzle structure (4). This composition, such
as flushing water, to which a possible releasing chemical has been added,
comprises at least one enzyme selected in a way that it acts by a chemical
process on at least one substance adhering from the paper web (6) to the
moving element, such as the center roll (1). The purpose of the chemical
process is to release and/or decompose said at least one adhering substance
from the moving element, i.e. the center roll (1), to maintain and/or improve
its reliability in the process of paper production.


French Abstract

L'invention a trait à un procédé utilisé dans une machine à papier, en liaison avec un élément mobile, cylindre, rouleau, feutre ou toile machine, en contact avec la bande continue de papier à fabriquer. Les conditions de fabrication sont telles que l'élément mobile est exposé à des substances se trouvant dans la bande de papier ayant tendance à y adhérer et à entraver son fonctionnement dans le processus de fabrication du papier. On applique une composition sur cet élément mobile, le rouleau central (1) par exemple, de la partie constituant la presse de la machine à papier, à l'aide d'une buse (4). Cette composition, de l'eau d'entraînement à laquelle on a ajouté une substance chimique possible de refoulement, contient au moins une enzyme choisie de façon à ce qu'elle agisse par un processus chimique sur au moins une substance adhérant depuis la bande continue de papier (6) en direction de l'élément mobile, le rouleau central (1) notamment. Le but du processus chimique est de libérer cette substance adhésive de l'élément mobile, le rouleau central (1) en l'occurrence, ou de la décomposer et ce, afin de conserver au procédé de fabrication du papier sa fiabilité ou de l'améliorer.

Claims

Note: Claims are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.



22
Claims:
1. Method in a paper machine in connection with a moving element,
such as cylinder, roll, felt, or wire, which is in contact with the paper
web to be produced under conditions in which the moving element is
exposed to substances in the paper web tending to adhere to the
moving element and to impair its operation in the process of paper production,
characterized in that a composition is applied to the moving element
which comprises at least one enzyme, wherein said at least one
enzyme in the composition is adapted to act by a chemical progress on
at least one substance released from the paper web and adhering to
the moving element, for the purpose of releasing and/or decomposing
said at least one adhering substance from the moving element to
maintain and/or improve the reliability of the moving element in the
process of paper production.

2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the adhering substance is
one or several of the following group: wood components, such as
cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, extractives, protein, lignin or lignans,
coatings such as latices, starch, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC),
characterized in that at least one enzyme is selected for the composition to
be applied on the basis of the type of the substance adhered or
possibly adhering to the moving element.
3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the enzyme
is a cellulose, such as endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, or
.beta.-glucosidase.

4. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the enzyme
is a hemicellulase, such as endoxylanase, endomannase, an enzyme
degrading arabinogalactane, .beta.-xylosidase, .beta.-mannosidase, an esterase
degrading acetyl groups of hemicelluloses, .alpha.-arabinosidase,
.alpha.-glucuronidase, or .alpha.-gatactosidase.

5. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the enzyme
is a lipase.


23
6. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the enzyme
is a protease.

7. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the enzyme
is a pectinase.

8. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the
enzyme is an oxido-reductase enzyme, such as peroxidase or laccase.

9. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the enzyme
is amylase.

10. Method according to any of the preceding claims 3 to 8, characterized
in that the composition to be applied comprises two or more
enzymes of different groups, selected from the following groups:
- cellulase,
- hemicellulase,
- lipase,
- protease,
- pectinase,
- oxido-reductase enzyme,
- amylase.

11. Method according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 10,
characterized in that the composition to be applied comprises at least one
enzyme together with at least one non-enzymatic releasing chemical.

12. Method according to claim 1 in a paper machine, particularly in the
press section of the same, wherein the moving element is the center
roll in the press section, characterized in that a composition comprising
at least one enzyme is applied on the outer surface of the center
roll (1) in the press section, wherein said at least one enzyme in the
composition is adapted to act by a chemical process on at least one
substance adhering from the paper web (6) to the center roll (1), for the
purpose of releasing and/or decomposing said at least one adhering
substance from the center roll (1), particularly for the purpose of
improving the controllability of the release of the paper web from the
center roll.

Description

Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.


CA 02229422 1998-03-11

WO 97/11225 PCT~I96/00493




Method in a paper machine

The invention reiates to a method in a paper machine in connection
5 with a moving element, such as cylinder, roll, felt, or wire, which is in
contact with the paper web to be produced under conditions in which
the moving element is exposed to substances in the paper web that can
adhere to the moving element and to impair its operation in the process
of paper production.
Paper machines are currently used at higher and higher running
speeds. Thus, in view of controllability of the process of paper manu-
facture, an important factor is maintaining the reliability of the moving
elements in the paper machine, such as cylinders, rolls, felts, and
15 wires. Besides maintaining reliability, another important factor is to im-
prove the runnability of the moving elements, particularly the center roll
of the press section, in order to raise the speed of the paper production
process. A paper machine comprises a number of moving elements
which come in contact with the paper web at different stages of the
20 process of paper production in a way that substances are released from
the paper web in an uncontrolled manner and tend to adhere to the
moving element. Such substances include wood components, coatings,
such as latices, starch and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). When
these s~bsPnces adhere to a moving element, they will, in the long run,
25 cause problems at said stage in the process of paper manufacturing
and can, at their worst, cause a break of the paper web.

In the following specification, some moving elements of the paper
machine are listed as well as problems occurring when above-
30 mentioned substances adhere to them from the paper web. First of all,a substance adhering to the felt will cause problems of runnability,
because the dewatering ability of the felt will be reduced. A felt change
will always cause a stoppage, and when such change cannot be
arranged at the same time with other maintenance work, it will cause an
35 extra stoppage. It is also obvious that if the dewatering ability of the felt is too much reduced, it may result in a break of the paper web, which
will always cause considerable costs. Similar problems are also en-
countered with wires. Their dewatering ability will be impaired, which

CONFIRMATION COPY

CA 02229422 1998-03-11

W O 97/11225 PCT~196/00493




may result in not only staining of the machine but also in a break of the
paper web. For drying cylinders, the problem is staining, which reduces
the operability of the process and causes a need for cleaning.
Furthermore, sllbst~nces released from the paper web and adhering to
5 the drying wire reduce the drying capacity when the drying wire is
stained. Particularly difficult problems are caused in the press section
of the paper machine, where the paper web is released from the center
roll of the press section. At this time, the paper web is in the process of
paper production for the first time in a situation where the paper web
10 runs, without support, from the center roll of the press section to the
draw roll. If the draw ratio must be raised due to the retaining force
directed to the paper web by the adhering substances, the paper web is
thus exposed to an exponentially increasing load. Particularly when
high-speed paper machines are used and when the running speeds of
15 the paper production process are further increased, it is the release of
the paper web from the center roll of the press section that is most
critical, for the reasons mentioned above. The substances from the pa-
per web adhering to the surface of the center roll prevent, at this critical
stage, the paper web from being released in the optimal way from the
20 surface of the center roll after the press nip. Thus the paper web must
be subjected to a tensile load allowing for an earlier release. This ten-
sile load is directed to the paper web in an exponentially increasing
manner. Bec~se the tension of the paper web is proportional to its
susceptibility to break, the release of the paper web from the center roll
25 is a most critical step. Naturally, in the press sections of paper ma-
chines currently in use, attempts are made to prevent staining of the
center roll, e.g., by a doctor blade placed against the surface of the
center roll after the point of release of the paper web, as well as by
spraying a fluid on the outer surface of the center roll, either pure water
30 or water together with various release chemicals. By this method, the
situation can be improved to a great extent such that most of the
5~h5pnce5 from the paper web adhering to the surface of the center
roll can be removed. However, it has been found that present treatment
with a doctor blade and a release chemical is not sufficient as a colloid
35 film-like layer is formed on the outer surface of the center roll, which is
resistant to the cleaning effect of the release chemicals and the doctor
blade.

CA 02229422 1998-03-11

W O 97/11225 PCT~196/00493




Similar problems are also obvious to a person skilled in the art in other
parts of a paper machine, where a moving element comes into contact
with the paper web in such a way that a substance released from the
paper web adheres to the moving element, impairing the operability of
5 the process of paper manufacturing. In this context, the press section
and, particularly, its center roll are regarded as the most critical parts in
the paper machine bec~se, as discussed above, the most critical
loads in the production process are directed at the paper web when it is
released from the center roll of the press section.
It is an aim of the present invention to eliminate to a major extent the
above-mentioned problems involved in the process of paper production
and thus to improve the state of the art. Further aims include enabling
the use of higher running speeds in the process of paper production,
15 and simultaneously securing the continuity of the process of paper
production. For reaching these goals, the method according to the
invention is primarily characterized in that a composition comprising at
least one enzyme is applied to the moving element, wherein said at
least one enzyme in the composition is adapted to act by a chemical
20 process on at least one substance, which is released from the paper
web and adheres to the moving element, for the purpose of releasing
and/or decomposing said at least one adhering substance from the
moving element to maintain and/or improve the reliability of the moving
element in the process of paper production.
Consequently, the invention relates to the surprising finding that it is
possible to appiy an enzyme, effective on a substance which is
released from the paper web and adheres to the moving element, in a
way that the enzyme is transferred to the moving element and is able to
30 act on the substance present in the moving element by such a chemical
process which eliminates the adhering effect, wherein said sllbst~nce,
in a decomposed or modified form, can be removed from connection
with the moving element.

35 The method according to the invention provides the advantage that the
adhering substances can be influenced separately. A suitable enzyme
composition can be selected from widely known enzymes based on
their mechanisms of action for each type of adhering substance to at-


CA 02229422 1998-03-11

W O 97/11225 PCT~FI96/00493




tain the purpose mentioned above. Thus, it can be noted that according
to an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the inven-
tion, the adhering substance consists of one or several substances from
the following group: wood components, such as cellulose, hemicellu-
5 lose, pectin, extractives, protein, lignin or lignans, coatings such as la-
tices, starch and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and that at least one
enzyme is selected for the substance to be applied on the basis of the
type of the substance adhered or possibly adhering to the moving
element.
Further, some advantageous embodiments of the invention are pre-
sented in the other dependent claims.

In the following description, the invention will be described more closely
15 with reference to the appended drawing and examples. In the drawings,

Figure 1 is a schematic side view of an arrangement according to the
invention in the press section of a paper machine,

20 Figure 2 is a schematic enlarged partial view of point I in Fig. 1, and

Figure 3 shows the results of a test run according to Example 5
graphically.

25 With reference to Fig. 1, after the second press nip 2 of the center roll 1
of the paper machine, before the doctor blade 3 in the direction of
rotation (arrow PS) of the press roll, a fluid composition is sprayed on
the outer surface of the center roll 1 by means of a nozzle construG
tion 4 or the like. This composition contains at least one enzyme which
30 is selected according to the basic idea of the invention. This at least
one enzyme acts on the colloid film-like layer on the outer surface of
the center roll 1. The enzyme penetrates said colloid layer and c~uses
in said colloid layer a chemical reaction according to the invention, sub-
stantially thinning or even totally removing said colloid film-like layer
35 being formed on the outer surface of the center roll 1, released from the
paper web 6 and adhered on the outer surface of the center roll 1. The
composition sprayed on the outer surface of the center roll 1 can natu-
rally contain also chemicals acting on the macroscopic layers which are

CA 02229422 1998-03-11

W O 97/11225 PCT~196/00493




removed by using the doctor blade. The point of applying can be placed
also after the doctor blade 3, because the time of action required by the
enzyme corresponds to the duration of several revolutions, and the
distance between the point of applying and the doctor blade is not sig-
5 nificant in this respect.

Figure 2 shows schematically, by broken lines 5, the effect to be
achieved by the method according to the invention, whereby the clean-
ing of the surface of the center roll 1 leads to the fact that the adher-
10 ence of the paper web 6 on the outer surface of the center roll 1 can be5llhst~ntjally reduced, and the paper web is released from the outer
surface of the center roll closer to the ideal tangential situation. This
earlier release of the paper web 6 can be utilized either by reducing the
draw ratio, i.e. the difference of peripheral speeds between the center
15 roll 1 and the draw roll 7, whereby the tension of the paper web is sub-
stantially reduced and thus the risk of break of the paper web is re-
duced, and/or by increasing the running speed of the paper machine
while maintaining the same draw ratio as without enzyme treatment. In
this way, by applying the method according to the invention, either
20 better reliability of the press section in view of continuous running
andlor a higher running speed is achieved in the process of paper
production.

It is obvious for a person skilled in the art that the corresponding action
25 can also be achieved in less critical moving elements in the process of
paper production, such as in wires, felts etc., whereby a composition
comprising an enzyme applied on said moving elements is carried with
the moving element and generates the desired chemical reaction
whereby the moving element is cleaned, maintaining its operability. It is
30 also obvious that the enzyme can be brought in contact with the moving
element in any suitable way applicable in paper machines. The enzyme
can also be recovered and recycled in the process.

Below, enzymes will be listed which contribute to the degradation or
35 modification of suhsPnces adhering to a moving element, such as the
center roll 1, the cylinder, the felt, the wire, etc., and improve the
runnability of the process of paper production, e.g. the release of the
paper web from the center roll in the press section.

CA 02229422 1998-03-11

W O 97/11225 PCT~196/00493


- Enzymes degrading and modifying cellulose, such as endo-
glucanases, cellobiohydrolases and ,B-glucosidases.
- Enzymes degrading and modifying wood hemicellulose
polymers, such as xylan, mannan and arabinogalactan, in-
cluding xylanases, mannanases, ~-xylosidases, ~-manno-
sidases and enzymes degrading side groups of the above-
mentioned polymers.
- Enzymes degrading and modifying wood extractives, par-
ticularly lipases hydrolyzing triglycerides.
- Pectinase enzymes degrading wood pectin polymers.
- Proteases degrading wood proteins.
- Oxido-reductase enzymes acting on wood lignin and
lignans, including peroxidases and phenol oxidases, particu-
larly lacc~ses, used alone or in combination with low-mo-
lecular organic or inorganic cofactors and mediators.
- Enzymes degrading starch, such as amylases.

In the following examples, the operability of the method according to
20 the invention will be illustrated with a series of examples, wherein
laboratory tests, pilot tests and mill test runs are described. The labo-
ratory tests are the most extensive, and they serve for illustrating the
applicability of the invention with a wide range of enzymes. The pilot
test series specifies additionally the applicability of the method
25 according to the invention. The mill test run, in turn, shows the
applicability of the method in industrial production. The Examples serve
to illustrate the invention and are not intended as limiting thereof.

Example 1
A laboratory study was conducted to examine the effect of enzyme
treatment of the roll surface of a paper machine on the release of the
web.

35 The laboratory apparatus designed for the purpose was used to meas-
ure the releasing tension of the web before and after enzyme treatment
of the roll surface.

CA 02229422 1998-03-11

W O 97/1122~ PCT~I96/00493




Laboratory sheets were prepared from deinked pulp (DIP) and
thermomechanical pulp (TMP) mixture:

DIP 50 %
unbleached thermo-mechanical pulp 50 %
grammage 56 g/m2
dry s~ Ihst~nce 42 % after pressing
pH 7.0 (non-adjusted)

The sheet was pressed against the surface of a Valrok press roll
material, generally known in the field of paper production, in two phases
under a pressure of 2.2 MPa, with an exchange of the drying sheet in
between. The pressing times were 1 min each.

The enzyme mixture used was an enzyme available under the
trademark PERGALASE A40. Pergalase A40 is an enzyme mixture
manufactured by Genencor International, containing cellulase and
hemicellulase enzymes of Tnchoderrr7a reesei which can hydrolyze
colloid carbohydrates on the surface of the center roll. The Pergalase
A40 product contains about 2700 cellulase units per millilitre. The de-
termination of cellulase activity is based on the enzymatic hydrolysis of
carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in 0.05 M sodium acetate buffer at
50~C and at pH 4.8. One activity unit refers to the quantity of enzyme
which releases one micromol of reducing sugars, calculated as glu-
cose, from the substrate in one minute. Reducing sugars are deter-
mined by means of dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS).

For enzyme treatment, an accumulation was produced on the surface of
the Valrok roll by pressing 10 sheets against the surface in succession,
without cleaning the surface in between.

~ The enzyme treatment was conducted by keeping the surface of the
Valrok roll for 1.0 h in a solution containing 1.0 % of Pergalase A40 en-
~ zyme at a temperature of 50~C.
The releasing tension (N/m) was measured according to the method
UPM-Kymmene/PHORD .

CA 02229422 1998-03-11

W O 97/11225 PCT~196/00493


Results:
Releasing
tension (N/m)
DIP/TMP pulp:
Before enzyme treatment
sheet 1 1.41
sheet 4 1.45
sheet 10 1.45
After enzyme treal~"el,l
sheet 1 o.gs
sheet 2 1.18
sheet 3 1.41

These preliminary tests showed a clear reduction of releasing tension.
15 The release of the web from the roll surface was easier and the releas-
ing values were clearly reduced.

Example 2

20 This example shows the effects of various enzyme preparations on the
releasing properties of paper web. All enzyme preparations are
commercial, except Pseudomonas lipase, which was produced and
recovered by the methods described in WO 95/30744 and U.S. Patent
5,445,949 and used in a concentration of 100 DLU U/ml. The DLU
25 lipase activity is determined spectrophotometrically at 550 nm as the
amount of resorufin formed in the hydrolysis of 1,2--0 dilayryl-rac-
glycero-3-glutaric acid resorufin ester at pH 6.8 and 37~C (See for
example, WO 95/30744). Resinase A2X(~) is a lipase produced by Novo
Nordisk with a standardized activity of 100 KLU/g. Pectinex 3XL(~) is a
30 pectinase produced by Novo Nordisk with Aspergillus niger and has a
standardized activity of 3000 FDU/ml. The enzyme treatments were
carried out in a manner corresponding to that in Example 1. The
laboratory sheets were prepared from the DIP/TMP mixture as in
Example 1, except that no filler was used and only five sheets were
35 prepared prior to enzyme treatment. For all enzyme liquids, a dosage of
1 % was used.

CA 02229422 1998-03-ll

W O 97/11225 PCT~196/00493




Results of the treatments:

Treatment pH Releasingtension (N/m)
Before enzyme / After enzyme
treatment treatment

Reference 5 Sheet 1 2.21 Sheet 1 2.59
Sheet 3 2.25 Sheet 2 2.63
Sheet 5 2.55 Sheet3 2.63

Reference 7 Sheet 1 2.13 Sheet 1 2.28
Sheet 3 2.25 Sheet2 2.58
Sheet 5 2.36

Pergalase A40~) 5 Sheet 1 2.16 Sheet 1 1.44
(cellulase/hemi- Sheet 3 2.18 Sheet 2 1.71
cellulase) Sheet 5 2.55 Sheet 3 2.17

Pseudomonas 5 Sheet 1 2.16 Sheet 1 1.82
lipase Sheet 3 2.18 Sheet 2 1.92
Sheet 5 2.32 Sheet 3 2.05

Pseudomonas 7 Sheet 1 2.24 Sheet 1 1.94
lipase Sheet 3 2.32 Sheet 2 2.13
Sheet5 2.32 Sheet3 2.32

Resinase(~) 5 Sheet 1 2.17 Sheet 1 2.09
(lipase) Sheet 3 2.28 Sheet 2 2.13
Sheet5 2.44 Sheet3 2.28

Resinase(~) 7 Sheet 1 2.15 Sheet 1 2.02
(lipase) Sheet 3 2.24 Sheet 2 2.34
Sheet 5 2.32 Sheet3 2.40

Pectinex 3XL(~) 5 Sheet 1 2.21 Sheet 1 2.40
(pectinase) Sheet 3 2.24 Sheet2 2.47
Sheet 5 2.51 Sheet3 2.47

CA 02229422 1998-03-11

W O 97/11225 PCTAF196/00493


Of the four enzyme preparations Pergalase A40(~) improved most
efficiently the release of paper web, corresponding to about 38 %
rerl!~ction in the releasing tension. The two lipases showed the greatest
reduction of releasing tension at pH 5 and with slightly less efficiency at
5 pH 7. The pectinase showed a moderate releasing effect.

Example 3

A laboratory study was carried out to cO~r~ the previous results and
10 to make sure that the formulation chemicals of the most efficient
enzymes were not causing the improved release. The experiments
were carried out as in example 2, except that new pulp samples were
used and the level of releasing force needed was lower than in example
2. All enzyme and reference treatments were carried out at pH 5.
Treatment Releasing tension (N/m)
Before enzyme / After enzyme
treatment treatment
Reference Sheet 1 1.28 Sheet 1 1.60
Sheet 3 1.35 Sheet2 1.66
Sheet 5 1.66 Sheet3 1.77
Inactivated PergalaseA40~) Sheet 1 1.28 Sheet 1 1.47
(boilingfor20 min) Sheet5 1 50 Sheet3 1 77

Theformulation chemicals of Sheet 1 1.28 Sheet 1 1.71
Pergalase A40(~ Sheet 3 1.43 Sheet 2 1.81
Sheet 5 1.58 Sheet3 1.92
Theformulation chemicals of Sheet 1 1.20 Sheet 1 1.43
Pseudomonas lipase Sheet 3 1.39 Sheet 2 1.47
Sheet 5 1.58 Sheet 3 1.60
Pseudomonas lipase Sheet 1 1.28 Sheet 1 1.12
Sheet 3 1.43 Sheet 2 1.28
Sheet 5 1.54 Sheet 3 1.39

Pergalase A40(3) Sheet 3 1 43 Sheet 2 1 05
Sheet 5 1.54 Sheet3 1.20

CA 02229422 1998-03-11

W O 97/11225 PCT/FI96/00493
1 1



The results clearly show that the active enzyme proteins are causing
5 the reduction in the releasing tension. Thus the paper sheet can be
removed easier from the Valrok surface than in the reference
treatments.

10 Example 4

This example shows the effects of cellulase/hemicellulase and lipase
enzymes on the release of paper web from press roll surface material
when the paper sheets were prepared from the furnish from a paper
15 machine producing SC paper of 56 g/m2 basis weight. 1 % enzyme
solutions were used in the treatments at pH 5. The paper sheets were
prepared and the measurements were carried out in a manner
corresponding to that in example 3.

Pulp mixture

bleached / unbleached TMP 50/50
chemical pulp / TMP 20/80
gram",age 56 g/m2
ash content 24 %
pH 4.7
retention agent (Fennopol K 3400 R) 470 g/t (0.27 %)

30 Dry substance after pressing 40 %.

The main purpose was to see how the enzymes affect the release when
applied alone or in combination. The following results were obtained.

CA 02229422 1998-03-11

W O 97/11225 PCTAFI96/00493
12

Treatment Releasing tension (N/m)
Before enzyme / After enzyme r
treatment treatment

Refere~,ce Sheet 1 1.50 Sheet 1 1.75
Sheet 3 1.67 Sheet2 2.05
Sheet 5 1.81 Sheet 3 2.21

PergalaseA40(g) Sheet 1 1.45 Sheet 1 1.07
Sheet 3 1.47 Sheet 2 1.12
Sheet 5 1.79 Sheet 3 1.41

Pse~domonas lipase Sheet 1 1.43 Sheet 1 1.26
Sheet 3 1.53 Sheet2 1.35
Sheet 5 1.60 Sheet 3 1.52

PergalaseA40(~) Sheet 1 1.45 Sheet 1 0.72
and Pseudomonas lipase Sheet 3 1.52 Sheet2 0.78
Sheet 5 1.64 Sheet3 0.97
The enzymes reduced the releasing tension to about the extent as with
the pulp mixtures containing DIP. Surprisingly, the two enzymes when
applied together gave the highest degree of reduction of the force
needed to release the paper web from the Valrok surface. The
25 releasing tension was as much as 56 % lower after the enzyme
treatment. Futhermore, the treatment also appeared to decrease the
speed of new deposit formation on the surface.

Example 5
This example shows the test runs carried out in pilot scale in a test
apparatus corresponding substantially to the press section shown in
Fig. 1. The aim was to find out the effect of Pergalase A40~ enzyme on
the center roll of the press section in a paper machine and how said
35 Pergalase A40(~ enzyme acts on the release of the paper web from the
center roll.

CA 02229422 1998-03-11

W O 97/11225 PCT~196/00493
13

The main dimensions of the test apparatus and the process conditions
were the following: roll diameter 1230mm, nip load 120kN/m, roll
material Valrok, roll speed 22 m/s. The temperature of the system was
47~C and the pH value 4.3.




The furnish in the test run was SC paper furnish, i.e. the process in-
volved was the production of magazine printing paper.

A reference run R was conducted at the first stage of the test run, and it
10 took 3 hours. The application of the Pergalase A40~) enzyme, i.e. the
actual test run K took about 2.5 hours after the reference run. The feed
dosage of the enzyme mixture during the test run was 2 I/ton of paper.

The appended Table 1 and Figure 3 show the effect of both the refer-
15 ence run R and the actual test run K, i.e. the application of the enzyme,at the point of release of the paper web from the center roll. It must be
noted that the draw difference was kept constant, i.e. in a numerical
value of 0.49 m/s, during both the reference run R and the actual test
run K, i.e. the application of the enzyme. The enzyme mixture was
20 added to and mixed in raw water and sprayed on the surface of the
center roll via nozzles placed after the doctor blade, after which there
was a second doctor blade.

CA 02229422 1998-03-11

WO 97/11225 PCT~196/00493
14

Table 1

REFERENCE RUN R TIME/MINTRANSITIONASH / %GRAMMAGE
A~B/CM g/mZ
0 0 30,4 52,5
0,5
1,0
0
0 31,8 54,s
120 0,5
180 0,5
TEST RUN K 195 1,0
210 1,0 29,8 53,3
235 0,5
265 1,5 31,8 55,0
295 1,5
320 2,0

The table shows that the point A in Fig. 2, i.e. the point of release of the
5 paper web in the initial situation, during the reference run R, shifted for
about 2 cm (transition S, A~B, Fig. 2) in a direction opposite to the di-
rection of rotation of the center roll. The ash percent and the yrar"mage
were substantially constant during the test run.

10 The test run shows clearly that the application of Pergalase A40~) en-
zyme in water to be sprayed on the surface of the center roll caused a
l,~"silion S of the point of release of the paper web (Fig. 2), which is
significant. Figure 2 further illustrates the transition, point A indicating
the initial situation, that is, that during the reference run, and point B in-
15 dicating the effect of the enzyme, that is, the transition. With referenceto Fig. 3, the actual test run K also shows that the enzyme started to act
in about one hour from the start of the application.

CA 02229422 1998-03-11

W O 97/1122S PCT~196/00493


Example 6

The purpose of the test run carried out in industrial scale was not only
to find out the effect of Pergalase A40(~) studied in Example 2 on the re-
5 lease of the paper web from the center roll in the press section and onmaintaining the center roll clean, but also the possible effect on the
properties of the broke pulp and the paper, because Pergalase A40
gets from the center roll to the broke system.
10 Conditions in the test run:

paper grade:
50 g/m2 SC paper (ash 30 %), and
60 g/m2 SC paper (ash 32 %)
production:
55Vh

running speed:
1550 m/min
Test arrangements:

Different mixtures of substances with the foliowing compositions were
25 applied by spraying on the center roll in the press section, before the
doctor blade:

Test part 1. water + conventional releasing chemical
(Celfix~g~), i.e. reference A
Test part 2. test run K, i.e. Pergalase A40(~), dose 0.2 I/ton of
paper, water quantity as in references A and B
Test part 3. pure water, i.e. reference B
Test part 4. reference A

35 When a dosage according to test part 1 was on, the pulper of the first
press was emptied at intervals of 1--2 hours to convey Pergalase
A40(E~ more evenly to the broke system.

CA 02229422 1998-03-11

W O 97/11225 PCTAF196/00493
16


Follow-up and measurements:

draw difference;
5 staining of the center roll in 4 min, lubrication of the center roll being
stopped;
quality of the dosage broke;
paper quality;
dewatering and retention
Course of the test run and results:

The reference for the test part 2 at the beginning of the test run was the
test part 1 and at the end of the test run test parts 3 (2 hours) and 4.
The results of the test run with reference to the draw difference and
staining of the center roll are shown in Table 1. It can be seen that Per-
galase A40~) reduced the need for a draw difference from 3.42 % to
3.31 %, the reference being either pure water (test part 3) or water + a
20 releasing chemical (test parts 1 and 4). Further, it should be noted that
when the test part 2, i.e. Pergalase A40~), was started, a time span of
ca. 1.0 to 1.5 h was required before an improvement was observed in
the release of the paper web from the center roll, and after 2.5 h from
starting the test part 2, the effect could be confirmed and the draw dif-
25 ference was then reduced. In a corresponding manner, in 0.5 to 1.0 hafter stopping the application of Pergalase A40~), i.e. starting test
part 3, the release from the center roll was clearly impaired and the
draw difference had to be increased.

30 Table 1. Effect on different treatments on the tensile difference

Test part Draw differ-
ence, %
3.42
2 3.31
3 3.43
4 3.42

CA 02229422 1998-03-11

W O 97/11225 PCT~I96/00493
17


The effect of Pergalase A40(~) can be clearly seen when studying the
staining of the center roll. The difference between pure water (test
r part 3) and water + a releasing chemical (test parts 1 and 4) is small,
5 but during treatment with Pergalase A40(~) (test part 2), the quantity of
material adhered to the center roll was considerably reduced in com-
parison with test parts 1, 3 and 4.

During the test run, also the quality of the broke, paper quality,
10 dewatering and retention were observed, but no deviations from the
normal variation were found.

The test run conducted in industrial scale showed clearly that by lubri-
cating the center roll of the press section by a fluid containing enzymes
15 (mixture Pergalase A40(~) / water), a considerably better result was
achieved with regard to both the release of the paper web and main-
taining the center roll clean than by conventional methods, i.e. either by
pure water or by a mixture of water and a releasing chemical. From the
center roll, the fluid containing enzymes (Pergalase A40~)) is conveyed
20 to the broke system, but no significant effect was observed in the
quality properties of the broke or paper nor in dewatering or retention.

Example 7

25 Experiments were carried out in laboratory to remove impurities with
enzymes from a wire material obtained from a paper machine which
produces newsprint and uses thermomechanical pulp and DIP as pulp
raw materials. Pergalase A40~) cellulase/hemicellulase mixture and
Pseudomonas lipase were studied in wire treatments at pH 5 and 50O
30 C. Pieces of wire were kept in enzyme solutions (Pergalase A40~)
2700 U/ml, Pseudomonas lipase 500 DLU/ml) for 24 hours. Prior to
treatments deposits were studied and marked in stereo microscope and
the same deposits were examined after the treatments. A further
washing was performed with a pressure washer for 5 seconds after
35 enzyme treatment. The deposits were examined after enzyme
treatment and after pressure washing.

CA 02229422 1998-03-11

W O 97/1122~ PCT~196/00493
18

Treatment The number of deposits The number of deposits
before / after enzyme in enzyme treated wire
treatment before / after pressure
washing

Reference 6/6 10/10
Pergalase A40(E~ 7/7 818
Pseudomonas lipase 8/8 912
Pergalase A40(~) 818 812
+ Pseudomonas lipase

The observations made in the stereo microscope clearly demonstrate
that after enzyme treatment the deposits are still attached to the wire,
5 but are far more easily removable with mechanical force such as with
pressure washing. High pressure water showers are frequently used at
paper mills to wash the wires and felts when the paper machine is
running.

Example 8

This example describes a mill trial carried out at a paper machine
which is producing newsprint from thermomechanical and deinked
15 pulp. The release of the paper web was studied at the 4th press nip
after the center press roll. The purpose of the trial was to improve the
rele~se with the use of enzyme. The enzyme was applied in a manner
similar to that described in Fig. 1. For the trial, a mixture of cellulase
and lipase enzymes was produced. The enzyme contained the~0 following activities:
Cellulase: 2463 CMC U/ml
Lipase: 82 DLU /ml

CA 02229422 1998-03-11

W O 97/11225 PCT~I~G/00193
19


Conditions in the test run:

Paper grade: 45 g/m2
Production: 34.8 Vh
Speed of paper machine: 1447 m/min

Test arragements:

Reference period: conventional chemical
Enzyme period: Cellulase-lipase mixture, dosage 0.18 I/t

Follow-up and measurements:

draw difference between 4th press nip and drying section
paper quality
wet-end measurements

The draw difference between the 4th press nip and drying section was
13.1 m/min during the reference period. 15 minutes after the addition of
enzyme had started, the release point of the paper web started to
change and during the next two hours it was clearly visible that the
release angle was smaller than before enzyme addition. Four hours
after the sta~rt of the enzyme addition, the draw difference was reduced
to 12.2 m/min, which corresponds to about 7 % reduction. The enzyme
caused no negative effects on paper quality or wet-end chemistry.

Example 9

This example describes a mill trial in order to study the release of the
chemical pulp web from the two press rolls in the pulp drying machine.
The release has been especially difficult with pulps containing high
amounts of extractives and hemicelluloses. As a release chemical, a
surface active agent diluted with water is used at both press rolls. The
chemical and the enzyme was added to the top of the press, forming a
liquid layer in front of the doctor blade.

CA 02229422 1998-03-11

WO 97/11225 PCT~I96/00493


Conditions in the test run:
pulp: unbleached birch chemical pulp




production: 12 tons/h

Test arrangements:

10 A mixture of cellulase and lipase was added instead of the surface
active agent at the press rolls to improve the release of pulp web. The
enzyme liquid contained the following activities:
cellulase: 2488 CMC U/ml
lipase: 407 DLU U/ml
The enzyme was applied to the two press rolls in the following
dosages:
Press 1 Press 2
Day 1: 0.24 I/t 0.24 I/t
Day 2: 0.125 I/t 0.125 I/t
Day 3: 0.08 I/t 0.08 I/t
0.24 I/t 0.08 I/t

The release of the pulp web using the enzymes was equal to that using
25 the surface active agent at day 1 and day 2. At day 3, the reduction of
the dosage to 0.08 I/t at both press rolls caused a significantly
increased adhesion of the pulp web to the second press. 15 minutes
after changing the enzyme dosage back to the level of 0.24 I/t level at
the second press the release improved back to the same level as at
30 day 1 and day 2. During the trial no breaks occured at the press section
whereas during a reference run with the current chemical the number of
breaks at the press section was normally about 1--2 per a three day
run. It can be concluded that enzymes can also be used to improve the
release of pulp web.
From the above description, it is obvious for a person skilled in the art
that the mixture of water + enzyme addition + conventional releasing
chemical is also fully possible, because the mechanisms of action of

-
CA 02229422 l998-03-ll

WO 97/1122~ PCTtFI96tOO493
21

different components differ to such an extent that a harmful interaction
is not possible, whereby the cleaning mechanisms of action of the
components water, the enzyme addition and the releasing chemical
,~ support each other.




It is obvious that the invention will also be effective in connection with
other moving elements in a paper machine. For example in the felt, an
at least equally effective action of the enzyme is to be expected.

Representative Drawing
A single figure which represents the drawing illustrating the invention.
Administrative Status

For a clearer understanding of the status of the application/patent presented on this page, the site Disclaimer , as well as the definitions for Patent , Administrative Status , Maintenance Fee  and Payment History  should be consulted.

Administrative Status

Title Date
Forecasted Issue Date Unavailable
(86) PCT Filing Date 1996-09-18
(87) PCT Publication Date 1997-03-27
(85) National Entry 1998-03-11
Dead Application 2001-09-18

Abandonment History

Abandonment Date Reason Reinstatement Date
2000-09-18 FAILURE TO PAY APPLICATION MAINTENANCE FEE

Payment History

Fee Type Anniversary Year Due Date Amount Paid Paid Date
Registration of a document - section 124 $100.00 1998-03-11
Application Fee $300.00 1998-03-11
Registration of a document - section 124 $100.00 1998-04-24
Maintenance Fee - Application - New Act 2 1998-09-18 $100.00 1998-08-31
Maintenance Fee - Application - New Act 3 1999-09-20 $100.00 1999-08-25
Owners on Record

Note: Records showing the ownership history in alphabetical order.

Current Owners on Record
NALCO CHEMICAL COMPANY
UPM-KYMMENE CORPORATION
Past Owners on Record
AHO, PEKKA
JOKINEN, OLLI
KANTELINEN, ANNE
KUKKAMAKI, ESKO
PARNANEN, PERTTI
Past Owners that do not appear in the "Owners on Record" listing will appear in other documentation within the application.
Documents

To view selected files, please enter reCAPTCHA code :



To view images, click a link in the Document Description column. To download the documents, select one or more checkboxes in the first column and then click the "Download Selected in PDF format (Zip Archive)" or the "Download Selected as Single PDF" button.

List of published and non-published patent-specific documents on the CPD .

If you have any difficulty accessing content, you can call the Client Service Centre at 1-866-997-1936 or send them an e-mail at CIPO Client Service Centre.


Document
Description 
Date
(yyyy-mm-dd) 
Number of pages   Size of Image (KB) 
Description 1998-03-11 21 840
Abstract 1998-03-11 1 73
Cover Page 1998-05-29 2 68
Drawings 1998-03-11 3 26
Claims 1998-03-11 2 93
Representative Drawing 1998-05-29 1 6
Assignment 1998-03-11 4 140
PCT 1998-03-11 11 441
Correspondence 1998-05-06 1 30
Correspondence 1998-04-24 1 42
Assignment 1998-04-24 3 153