Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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AN ABSORBENT ARTICLE WITH ASYMMETRIC LEG ELASTICS
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to el~sLi~;-ed absorbent articles. More particularly, the
present invention relates to absorbent articles having elasticized leg openings.
Back~round of the Invention
Absorbent articles, such as r~ispos~hlQ diapers, have included el~ctiri~d leg bands to
provide elasli~ d gathers at the leg openings of the article. Each elasli~i~ed leg band
can include various types of elastic members, such as single elastomeric strip, multiple
elastomeric strips, or multiple elastomeric strands or threads arranged in separated,
parallel or non-parallel configurations. The elastic members can be assembled into the
article with a linear or curvilinear configuration and the curved leg elastic members can
further include a reflexed curvature. Articles having the elasticized leg bands can provide
improved fit and leakage protection, as compared to articles which do not include the
elasticized leg bands.
Conventional el~sli~ g systems, such as those described above, have, however,
continued to exhibit shortcomings. For example, the conventional elastic systems can
increase the bulk at the crotch region of the article, and can allow excessive sagging at
the w~ialband region of the article. Conventional systems have also provided insufficient
conro,l"ance to the different, varied shapes present at the front and rear of a wearer's
body. As a result, there has been a continued need for improved elastic systems for the
leg band regions of articles, such as disposable diapers.
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Brief Descri~tion of the Invention
The present invention can provide a distinctive article which includes a longitudinal
direction, a lateral direction, laterally opposed side margins, longitudinally opposed end
margins and an intermediate section which is located between the end margins at a
longitudinally medial region of the article. The article includes a backsheet, and an
inboard elastic member connected to gather at least one side margin of the backsheet.
A sul,sLantic.'ly, longitudinally extending outboard elastic member is connected to
suL,sLd"lially, longitudinally gather the at least one side margin. The outboard elastic
member is located laterally outboard of the inboard elastic member to provide a set of
elastic members which are arranged in a staggered overlapping relation. A major portion
of a longitudinal end edge of the outboard elastic member is configured subsLanlially
coterminous with a temminal side edge of the at least one side margin at the intermediate
portion of the article.
A particular aspect of the invention provides an absorbent article having a front
vvaislL,and portion, a back ~hdi:~Lband portion, and intermediate crotch portion which
i"l~,onnects the front and the back wai~lLand portions, laterally opposed side ,.,ar~ )s,
a longitudinal di,ecLion and a lateral direction. The article includes a backsheet layer and
a liquid permeable topsheet layerwhich is superposed and connected in facing relation
to the backsheet. An absorbent structure is sandwiched bet~veen the backsheet and the
topsheet layer. A first inboard elastic member is connected to gather a first of said side
ma,~., ,s of the article, and a second inboard elastic member is connected to gather a
second of the side margins. A first, sub:,ldnlially longitudinally extending outboard elastic
member is connected to substantially longitudinally gather the first side margin, and the
first outboard elastic member is located laterally outboard of the first inboard elastic
member to provide a first set of elastic members which are arranged in a first staggered
overlapping relation. A major portion of a longitudinal end edge of the first outboard
elastic member is configured subsLanLially coterminous with a terminal edge of a first side
margin in the intermediate portion of the article. A second, substantially longitudinally
extending outboard elastic member is connected to suLsLanLially longitudinally gather the
second side margin, and the second outboard elastic member is located laterally
outboard of the second inboard elastic member to provide a second set of elasticmembers which are arranged in a second staggered overlapping relation. A major
portion of a longitudinal end edge of the second outboard elastic member is configured
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suL.sLar,lially cote"" ,ous with a terminal edge of the second side margin in the
intermediate portion of the article.
In its various aspects, the article of the present invention can be more effectively
s produced on high speed manufacturing lines and can be readily constructed to provide a
desired confo""iLy to the different, natural body lines and shapes which are typically
present at the front and back regions of a wearer's body. The article can also exhibit less
bunching at its crotch region and can provide reduced bulk in the crotch. When the
article is wom, the article can also exhibit less sagging at the waistband regions, and can
provide improved body confu,,,,ance and fit. As a result, the article can be readily
configured to exhibit improved resistance to leakage and to provide improved aesll ,eLics.
Brief DescriPtion of the Drawinqs
The invention will be more fully understood and further advantages will become apparent
when reference is made to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings
in which:
Fig. 1 representatively shows a partially cut-away, top view of an article of the invention;
Fig. 2 representatively shows a schematic, lateral cross-sectional view of the article,
which is taken along line 2-2 of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 representatively shows a schematic, longitudinal cross-sectional view of the article
of Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 representatively shows a top view of a fastening system which is employed with
the present invention;
Fig. 5 representatively shows a schematic, lateral cross-sectional view of the fastening
system of Fig. 4.
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Detailed Desc, i~tion of the Invention
The structures of the present invention will be described with respect to their use in
disposable absorbent articles, which can be placed against or in proximity to the body of
the wearer to absorb and contain various Pxud~Ps discharged from the body. The
articles are intended to be discarded after a limited period of use, and are not intended to
be laundered or otherwise restored for reuse. It should be understood, however, that the
potential uses of the structures of the present invention are not limited to cl;sposable
absorbent articles. While the present description will particularly be made in the context
of a diaper article, it should be further understood that the present invention is also
aFplic-''e to other disposable personal care absorbent articles, such as adult
incontinence garments, sanitary napkins, children's training pants and the like.
With reference to Fig.1, an article, such as diaper 10, has a longitudinal direction 26, a
lateral cross-direction 24, laterally opposed side margins 20, longitudinally opposed end
",a,yins 22, and an intemmediate section 16 which is located between the end margins 22
at a longitudinally medial region of the article. The article includes a backsheet layer 30,
and an inboard elastic member 34 which is operably connected to gather at least one
side margin of the backsheet. A subslanLially longitudinally extending outboard elastic
member 38 is also operably connected to suL sl~"Lially longitudinally gather the at least
one side margin. The outboard elastic member is located laterally outboard of the
inboard elastic member 34 to provide a first set 33 of elastic members which arearranged in a first, staggered overlapping relation. At least a major portion of a
longitudinal end edge 82 of the outboard elastic member 38 is configured substantially
coterminous with a terminal side edge 74 of a selected portion of the at least one side
margin. The coterminous structure is positioned in the intermediate portion 16 of the
article.
Another aspect of the invention provides an absorbent article, such as diaper 10, having
a front waistband portion 12, a back waistband portion 14, and intermediate crotch
portion 16 which interconnects the front and the back waistband portions, laterally
opposed side margins 20, a longitudinal direction 26 and a lateral direction 24. The
article includes a backsheet layer 30 and a liquid pemmeable topsheet layer 28 which is
superposed and connected in facing relation to the backsheet. An absorbent structure
32 is sandwiched between the backsheet 30 and the topsheet layer 28. A first inboard
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elastic member 34 is connected to gather a first of said side margins 20 of the article,
and a second inboard elastic member 34 is connected to gather a second of the side
",argins 20. A first, subsLal1t:~'ly longitudinally extending outboard elastic member 38 is
connected to subaLanlially longitudinally gather the first side margin 20, and the first
outboard elastic member is located laterally outboard of the first inboard elastic member
to provide a first set 33 of elastic members which are arranged in a first staggered
overlapping relation. At least a major portion of a longitudinal end edge 82 of the first
outboard elastic member is configured subsLanLially coterminous with a terminal edge 74
of a first side margin in the intermediate portion 16 of the article. A second, subsLanlially
longitudinally extending, outboard elastic member 38 is connected to suL,aLdn~;-'ly
longitudinally gather the second side margin 20, and the second outboard elasticmember is located laterally outboard of the second inboard elastic member 34 to provide
a second set 37 of elastic members which are arranged in a second staggered
overlapping relation. At least a major portion of a longitudinal end edge of the second
outboard elastic member is configured subsLd"Lially coterminous with a terminal edge 74
of the second side margin 20 in the intemmediate portion 16 of the article.
Examples of other articles which include a system of dual, longitudinally-asymmetric leg
elastics are described in U.S. Patent Appli~ n Serial No. 259,288 of T. Roessler et al.
entitled ABSORBENT ARTICLE HAVING DUAL ASYMMETRIC LEG ELASTICS, and
filed June 13, 1994 (Attomey docket No. 11,397); and a technique for making an article
having longitudinally asymmetric leg elastics is described in U.S. Patent Applicalion
Serial No. 08/554,110 of T. Roessler et al., entitled A METHOD AND APPARATUS FORMAKING AN ABSORBENT ARTICLE WITH ASYMMETRIC LEG ELASTICS, and filed
November 6, 1995 (Attomey docket No. 11,770). The entire rlist~lQsures of these
documents are incorporated herein by reference in a manner that is consistent (not in
conflict) herewith.
Fig. 1 is a representative plan view of diaper 10 of the present invention in its flat-out,
uncontracted state (i.e., with all elastic induced gathering and contraction removed).
~ Portions of the structure are partially cut away to more clearly show the interior
constnuction of diaper 10, and the surface of the diaper which contacts the wearer is
facing the viewer. The outer edges of the diaper define a periphery in which thelongitudinally extending side edge margins are designated 20 and the laterally extending
end edge margins are designated 22. The side edges define leg openings for the diaper,
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and optionally, are curvilinear and contoured. The end edges are shown as straight, but
optionally, may be curvilinear.
Diaper 10 typically includes a porous, liquid permeable topsheet 28; a sul,sLanlially liquid
impemmeable backsheet 30; an absorbent stnucture 32, positioned and connected
between the topsheet and backsheet; a surge management portion 46; and elastic
members, such as leg elastics 34 and waist elastics 42. The surge management portion
is positioned in liquid comm~ n with the absorbent structure, and the absorbent
stnucture includes a retention portion 48. The topsheet 28, backsheet 30, absorbent
structure 32, surge management portion 46 and the elastic members 34 and 42 may be
assembled in a variety of well-known diaper configurations. In addition, the diaper can
include a system of conlai"",ent flaps 62, and can include side panel members 56. A
fastening system, such as a mechanism which includes fastener tabs 36, can be
e" ,~l~yed to secure the article on the wearer.
As representatively shown, the topsheet 28 and backsheet 30 may be generally
coextensive, and may have length and width dimensions which are generally larger than
the corresponding dimensions of absorbent structure 32. Topsheet 28 is associated with
and superimposed on backsheet 30, thereby defining the periphery of diaper 10. The
waistband regions co",p,i:,e those upper po,lions of diaper 10, which when worn, wholly
or partially cover or encircle the waist or mid-lower torso of the wearer. The intemmediate,
crotch region 16 lies between and interconnects waistband regions 12 and 14, andcomprises that portion of diaper 10 which, when worn, is positioned between the legs of
the wearer and covers the lower torso of the wearer. Thus, the crotch region 16 is an
area where repeated fluid surge typically occur in the diaper or other disposable
absorbent article.
Topsheet 28 presents a body-facing surface which is compliant, soft-feeling, and non-
irritating to the wearer's skin. Further, the topsheet 28 can be less hydrophilic than the
retention portion 48, and is sufficiently porous to be liquid permeable, permitting liquid to
penetrate through its thickness. A suitable topsheet 28 may be manufactured from a
wide selection of web materials, such as porous foams, reticulated foams, apertured
plastic films, natural fibers (for example, wood or cotton fibers), synthetic fibers (for
example, polyester or polypropylene fibers), or a combination of natural and synthetic
fibers. Topsheet 28 is typically employed to help isolate the wearer's skin from liquids
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held in absorbent structure 32. Various woven and nonwoven fabrics can be used for
topsheet 28. For example, the topsheet may be composed of a meltblown or
spunbonded web of polyolefin fibers. The topsheet may also be a bonded-carded-web
composed of natural and/or synthetic fibers.
For the purposes of the present description, the term "nonwoven web" means a web of
material which is formed without the aid of a textile weaving or knitting process. The temm
"fabrics" is used to refer to all of the woven, knitted and nonwoven fibrous webs.
The topsheet fabrics may be composed of a sub:,Ldntic.lly hydrophobic and subslanlially
nonwettable material, and the hyd,ophobic ",alerial may optionally be treated with a
surfactant or otherwise processed to impart a desired level of w~ r and
hydrophilicity. In a particular embodiment of the invention, topsheet 28 can be a
nonwoven, spunbond polypropylene fabric composed of about 2.8-3.2 denier fibers
formed into a web having a basis weight of about 22 gsm and density of about
0.06 gm/cc. The fabric can be surface treated with a selecPd amount of surfactant, such
as about 0.28% Triton X-102 surfactant. The su, ra~;Ldl ll can be applied by anyconventional means, such as spraying, printing, brush coating or the like.
The su,ra-,lanL material, such as a conventional wetting agent, can be applied to a medial
section of the topsheet layer 28 to provide a greater wettability of the medial section, as
compared to a remainder of the topsheet layer 28. In particular configurations, the cross-
directional width of the medial section can be substantially equal to or less than the
cross-directional width of the surge management portion 46. In altemative
configurations, the medial section width can be substantially equal to or less than a
cross-directional spacing between a pair of adhesive strips employed to secure the
containment flaps 62 onto topsheet 28 and to fomm a leak resistant barrier seal onto the
backsheet 30.
The surfactant-treated medial section can be approximately centered with respect to the
longitudinal centerline of the diaper, and can extend along subslanLiall~r the entire length
of the topsheet layer. Altematively, the surfactant treated medial section can be
constructed to extend along only a predetermined portion of the topsheet length.
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The various configurations of the invention can include elasticized containment flaps 62.
The shown configurations for example include two co,n ""ent flaps 62 which are
connected to the bodyside surface of topsheet layer 28. Suitable constructions and
arrangements for conLai"ment flaps 62 are described for example in U.S. Patent
No. 4 704 116 issued November 3 1987 to K. Enloe the disclosure of which is hereby
incorporated by reference in a manner that is consistent (not contradictory) herewith.
Other configurations of the containment flaps 62 are described in U.S. Patent Appiication
Serial No. 206 816 of R. Everett et al. filed March 4 1994 and entitled ABSORBENT
ARTICLE HAVING AN IMPROVED SURGE MANAGEMENT (Attomey docket
No. 11 375) the ~~is~losl lre of which is hereby inco",o,dLed by reference in a manner that
is consislent herewith.
The containment flaps can be attached to topsheet layer 28 along length-wise extending
fixed regions such as fixed edges 64 of the flaps. A movable edge 66 of each
corlld~ ent flap includes a flap elastic member 68 which can comprise one or more
individual strands of elastomeric material. For example a plurality of elastic strands may
be configured in a spatially separated generally parallel arrangement and a su -~le
elastic strand can for example be composed of a 470 decitex Lycra~ elastomer. Elastic
member 68 is connected to the movable edge of the containment flap in an el~stic-"y
contractible condition such that the contraction of the elastic components thereof gathers
and shortens the edge of the contai"",ent flap. As a result the movable edge of each
conLdi. ""ent flap tends to position itself in a spaced relation away from the bodyside
surfaces of topsheet 28 and/or surge management portion 46 toward a generally upright
and approximately perpendicular configuration ecre~ ly in the crotch section of the
diaper. In the shown embodiment for example the moveable edge of the barrier flap is
connected to the flap elastics by partially doubling the flap material back upon itself by a
limited amount which is sufficient to enclose flap elastics 68.
At least a pair of conLdi"",ent or barrier flaps 62 are connected to laterally opposed
longitudinally extending regions of topsheet layer 28 and the connected topsheetregions are located generally adjacent to laterally opposed side edge regions of the
medial section of topsheet layer 28. The connected topsheet regions are typically
located substantially laterally inboard of all of the leg elastics of the diaper article 10 but
may optionally be located outboard of all of the leg elastics or outboard of only a portion
of the leg elastics. In one aspect of the invention, for example the base of each
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con: ,i"ent flap can be attached along the topsheet within a lateral spacing which is
provided by a length-wise extending region positioned between the particular inboard
elastic member 34 and outboard elastic member 38 that are associated with the
~nldi"",ent flap. The base attachment of the conlai,i"~ent flap may be configured to
operably extend through the topsheet and connect to the backsheet 30 to provide an
operable length-wise extending barrier or sealing line.
The conLd;"" ,ent flaps may for example be constructed of a fibrous material which is
similar to the material co" ,pl ising topsheet 28 or similar to the material comprising surge
management portion 46. Other conventional materials such as polymer films may also
be employed. In other aspects of the invention barrier flaps 62 are constructed of a
material which is pemmeable only to gas such as ambient air. Altemative configurations
of the invention can include barrier flaps which are constructed of a material which is
resistant to a passage of aqueous liquid such as urine therethrough. For examplebarrier flaps 62 may be constructed of a spunbond-meltblown-spunbond (SMS) la"~inale
material. In the illustrated embodiment for example the barrier flaps can be constructed
of a SMS material having a basis weight of about 0.85 osy (about 28 gsm). The
spunbond layers are composed of polypropylene fibers and the meltblown layer is
composed of meltblown polypropylene fibers.
In the various configurations of the invention such as where the barrier flaps 62 are
configured to be permeable to gas while having a resistance and limited permeability to
aqueous liquid the liquid resistant material can have a construction which is ~p~le of
supporting a hydrohead of at least about 45 cm of water subslanlially without leakage
therethrough. A suit~hle technique for determining the resistance of a material to liquid
penetration is Federal Test Method Standard FTMS 191 Method 5514 dated 31
December 1968.
Backsheet 30 may be composed of a liquid pemmeable material but preferably comprises
a material which is configured to be subsLanlially impermeable to liquids. For example a
typical backsheet can be manufactured from a thin plastic film or other flexibleliquid-impermeable material. Such "flexible" materials are co"~plianl and will readily
conror", to the general shape and contours of the wearer's body. Backsheet 30 can help
prevent the exudates contained in absorbent structure 32 from wetting articles such as
3s bedsheets and overgamments which contact diaper 10.
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In particular embodiments of the invention, backsheet 30 is a polyethylene film having a
thickness of from about 0.012 mm (about 0.5 mil) to about 0.051 mm (about 2.0 mils). In
the shown embodiment, for example, the backsheet is a film having a thickness of about
0.032 mm (about 1.25 mil). Altemative constructions of the backsheet may co",pfise a
woven or non-woven fibrous web layer which has been totally or partially constnucted or
treated to impart a desired level of liquid impermeability to selected regions of the
backsheet that are adjacent or proximate the absorbent body. Backsheet 30 typically
provides the outer cover of the article. Oplionally, however, the article may comprise a
separate outer cover member which is in addition to the backsheet.
Backsheet 30 may include a micro-porous, "breathable" material which permits gases to
escape from absorbent stnucture 32 while still substantially preventing liquid exudates
from passing through the backsheet. For example, the breathable backsheet may becomposed of a ,,,;~roporuus polymerfilm ora nonwoven fabricwhich has been coated or
otherwise treated to impart a desired level of liquid impemmeability. For eAd",~le, a
s~it~h'e microporous film is a PMP-1 ",alerial, which is available from Mitsui Toatsu
Chemicals, Inc., a company having offices in Tokyo, Japan; or an XKO-8044 polyolefin
film available from 3M Company of Minneapolis, Minnesota. The backsheet can also be
emhossed or otherwise be provided with a matte finish to exhibit a more aesll ,el;- -"y
pleasing appearance.
The size of backsheet 30 is typically detemmined by the size of absorbent stnucture 32
and the exact diaper design selected. Backsheet 30, for example, may have a generally
T-shape, a generally l-shape or a modified hourglass shape, and may extend beyond the
terminal edges of absorbent structure 32 by a selected distance, such as a di~Lance
within the range of about 1.3 -2.5 cm (about 0.5 - 1.0 inch), to provide side margins.
Topsheet 28 and backsheet 30 are connected or otherwise associated together in an
operable manner. As used therein, the term "associated" encompasses configurations in
which topsheet 28 is directly joined to backsheet 30 by affixing topsheet 28 directly to
backsheet 30, and configurations wherein topsheet 28 is joined to backsheet 30 by
affixing topsheet 28 to intermediate members which in tum are affixed to backsheet 30.
Topsheet 28 and backsheet 30 can be affixed directly to each other in selected regions,
such as in areas along the diaper periphery, by attachment means (not shown), such as
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an adhesive, sonic bonds, thermal bonds or any other attachment means known in the
art. For example, a uniform continuous layer of adhesive, a pattemed layer of adhesive,
a sprayed pattern of adhesive or an array of separate lines, swirls or spots of
construction adhesive may be used to affix topsheet 28 to backsheet 30. It should be
readily appreciated that the above-described attachment means may also be employed
to interconnect and assemble together the various other component parts of the article
described herein.
In the representatively shown embodiment of the invention, the topsheet layer 28 is
disposed and secured in facing relation with the backsheet layer 30 to retain and hold the
retention portion 48 and the surge management 46 between the backsheet layer and the
topsheet layer. The marginal side regions of topsheet layer 28 are operably connected
to corresponding marginal side regions of the backsheet layer 30. Each of the attached
",at~ ~al side regions of the topsheet and backsheet layers is located laterally outboard
of its co"t:sponding, assoriated side edge region of the surge manage",enL portion 46.
In particular configurations of the invention, the topsheet 28 can include attached
marginal end regions, which are located lonDitll " ~ally outboard of the end edge regions
of the retention portion 48 and/or surge management portion 46. Similarly, the
backsheet 30 can include attached ")a,yinal end regions, which can be located
longitudinally outboard of the end edge regions of the retention portion and/or surge
management portion.
Elastic members 34 and 38 are disposed adjacent to the periphery of diaper 10 along
each of the shown laterally opposed pair of longitudinally extending side edges 20. The
leg elastic members 34 and 38 can be connected to either or both of the topsheet and
backsheet layers to provide elasticized side ll~dl9' ~5 of the diaper article, and can be
constructed to draw and hold diaper 10 against the legs of the wearer. Waist elastic
members 42 may also be ~isposed adjacent to either or both of the end edges of diaper
10 to provide elasticized waistbands. Examples of suitable elacti~ Pd waistbands are
described in U.S. Patent 4,861,652 entitled DIAPER ARTICLE WITH ELASTICIZED
WAIST PANEL, and issued August 29, 1989 to M. Lippert et al., the entire disrlos~ ~re of
which is incorporated herein by reference in a manner that is consistent herewith.
The various elastic members 34, 38 and 42 are secured to diaper 10 in an elastir~"y
contractible condition so that in a normal under strain configuration, the elastic members
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effectively contract against diaper 10. The elastic members can be secured in anelasti~y contractible condition in at least two ways, for example, the elastic members
may be stretched and secured while diaper 10 is in an uncontracted condition.
Altematively, diaper 10 may be contracted, for example, by pleating, and the elastic
members secured and connected to diaper 10 while the elastic members are in their
unrelaxed or u"s~ Lched condition. Still other means, such as heat-shrink elastic
material, may be used to gather the gamment.
In the configuration illustrated in Fig. 1, leg elastic members 34 and 38, in co,t ~.ndlion,
extend essentially along the complete length of the diaper crotch region 16 of diaper 10,
which typically is the region of the article appointed for placement between the legs of
the wearer. Altemativeiy, the elastic members 34 may extend the entire length ofdiaper 10, or any other length suitable for providing the arrangement of elastically
contractible lines desired for the particular diaper design.
The elastic members 34, 38 and 42 may have any of a multitude of altemative
configurations. For exd,~" le, the width of the individual elastic members may be varied
from 0.25 ", " "eters (0.01 inches) to 25 r~ "imeLers (1.0 inches) or more. The elastic
members may comprise a single strand or strip of elastic material, or may co",prise a
plurality of parallel or non-parallel strands of elastic material. The elastic members may
be applied in a rectilinear or curvilinear arrangement. Where multiple strands are
e",F'~yed, the individual strands may be constnucted to provide s~,l,sla"lially equal
elastic forces, or may be constructed to provide different elastic forces. For example, the
individual strands may be of different diameter or other size, or may be configured with
different amounts of elongation to thereby provide a gradient or other variaLion of elastic
tensions. Where the strands are non-parallel, two or more of the strands may intersect
or otherwise interconnect within the elastic member. The elastic members may be
affixed to the diaper in any of several ways which are known in the art. For example, the
elastic members may be ulL,dsonically bonded, heat and pressure sealed using a variety
of bonding pattems, or adhesively bonded to diaper 10 with sprayed or swirled pattems
of hotmelt or other type of adhesive.
In the illustrated er,~bodiments of the invention, for example, leg elastic members 34
and/or 38 may comprise a carrier sheet to which are attached a grouped set of elastics
composed of a plurality of individual elastic strands. The elastic strands may intersect or
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be interconnected, or may be entirely separated from one another. The carrier sheet
may, for example, co",prise a 0.002 cm thick film of unembossed polypropylene material.
The elastic strands can, for example, be composed of LYCRA~) elastomer available from
DuPont, a business having offices in Will";nyLon, Delaware. Each elastic strand is
typically within the range of about 620-1050 decitex (dtx), and preferably, is about
940 dtx in an embodiment of the invention wherein three strands are employed for each
el~stiri~d legband. In addition, leg elastics 34 and/or 38 may be generally straight or
oplionally curved. For example, the curved elastics can be inwardly bowed toward the
longitudinal centerline of the diaper. In particular arrangements, the curvature of the
elastics may not be configured or positioned symmetrically relative to the lateral
centerline of the diaper. The curved elastics may have an inwardly bowed and outwardly
bowed, reflex-type of curvature, and the length-wise center of the elastics may be offset
by a selected distance toward either the front or rear waistband of the diaper to provide
desired fit and appearance.
In the various configurations of the invention, the system of elastic members can fomm
elaslici~ed gathers at appG;"led leg opening portions of the article which are located
along at least a portion of the lateral side margins 20. In the shown configuration, the
el~ctiri~ 9 means includes a first group of laterally opposed, longitudinally exlend;. ,9,
inboard leg elastic members 34 which are located in the article side margins in at least
the intermediate portion 16 of the article. The inboard leg elastic members 34 may be
subsLd"lially symmetrically arranged with respect to the longitudinal length 27 of the
article. Alternatively, the inboard leg elastic members may be arranged asymmetrically
with respect to the article length, and optionally can have a selected offset or bias toward
the front waistband portion 12 of the article. An outboard grouping of laterally opposed,
longitudinally extending leg elastic members 38 are constnucted separate from the
inboard group of leg elastic members 34, and are located in the article side margins 20 in
at least the intermediate portion 16 of the article. The outboard leg elastic members are
arranged asymmetrically with respect to the article length 27. Desirably, the outboard
elastic members have a selected bias or offset toward the back waistband portion 14 of
the article. In desired arrangements, one or more of the inboard and outboard leg elastic
members can include a plurality of separate, generally longitudinally extending,elastomeric strands.
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With the representatively shown arrangements, a substantial entirety of the end edges of
the outboard elastics are subsldl1lially coterminous with te""i"al side edges of the
backsheet 30. The major portion of the longitudinal end edges of the first and second
outboard elastic members 38 may or may not be sub:.Lanlially coterminous with the
topsheet layer 28 in the intemmediate portion of the article. Desirably, the longitudinal end
edges of the outboard elastic members 38 are constructed to be subsLar,lially
coterminous with the topsheet layer.
In particular aspects of the invention, the inboard elastic member 34 can have a length-
to-width aspect ratio of at least about 4:1. In another aspect of the invention, the
outboard elastic member 38 has a length-to-width aspect ratio of at least about 4:1. In
other aspects of the invention, each of the first and second inboard elastic members can
have a length-to-width aspect ratio of at least about 4:1. In addition, each of the first and
second outboard elastic members 38 can have a length-to-width aspect ratio of at least
about 4:1. Altematively, the individual inboard and/or outboard elastic members can
have an aspect ratio which is at least about 6:1, and optionally, is at least about 10:1.
Larger aspect ratios of up to 100:1 may also be e" ~ ed, as desired to provide selected
benefits.
Each inboard leg elastic member 34 can intersect its acso~ ed, cooperating outboard
elastic member 38. Optionally, the entirety of the inboard elastic can be laterally spaced
from its correspond;. ,yl~ ssori~ted outboard leg elastic member by a selectPd minimum,
lateral spacing distance. In particular aspects of the invention, the minimum lateral
spacing dislance can be not less than about 0.5 cm. Altematively, the lateral spacing
distance can be not less than about 1 cm, and optionally, can be not less than about 5
cm. In other aspects of the invention, the lateral spacing distance between the
corresponding inboard and outboard leg elastic members can be not more than about 20
cm. Altematively, the lateral spacing clisLance can be not more than about 15 cm, and
optionally, can be not more than about 10 cm to provide desired performance.
In a particular aspect of the invention, at least one side margin 20 of the article has a
terminal side edge 74 with a section thereof having a outwardly concave, substantially
C-shape indent edge 84. The indent edge extends across not more than about 50
percent of a total, straight-line, longitudinal length 27 of the article, with a subslanlial
entirety of the longitudinal end edge 82 of the acsoci~ted outboard elastic member 38
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configured substantially coterminous with the indent edge 84 of the side margin 20 at the
intermediate portion 16 of the article.
Desirably, both side margins of the article have similar C-shape indent edges, with the
C-shapes on the opposite sides configured substantially as mirror images of each other.
Thus, the second side margin 20 of the article can also have a longitudinally extending,
le""i"al side edge 74 with a section thereof having a second, outwardly concave,sub:,Lanlially C-shape indent edge 84. The second indent edge 84 extends along not
more than about 50 percent of the total length of the article, with a substantial entirety of
the longitudinal end edge 82 of the second outboard elastic member 38 configuredsub:.LanLially cote""inous with the indent edge 84 of a second side margin 20 in the
intermediate portion 16 of the article.
The various arrangements of the invention can be configured with one or more of the
indent edges 84 extending across not more than about 40% of the total length of the
article. Altematively, the indent edges may extend over not more than about 30%, and
oplionally, not more than about 25% of the total article length. In addition, the indent
edges 84 may have a length-wise extent which is small as 5% of the total article length.
In the various arrangements of the invention, the outboard elastic, particularly its terminal
side and/or end edges, is desirably configured to substantially avoid bridging an inwardly
bowed edge, such as the C-shape indent edge 84, of the backsheet along at least one of
the side margins of the article. Thus, another aspect of the invention provides an article
wherein the first side margin 20 of the article has a first terminal side edge 74 with a
section thereof having a first outwardly concave, substantially C-shape indent edge 84.
The longitudinal end edge 82 of the first outboard elastic member 38 is configured
suLsLantially cote""i. ,ous with the indent edge 84 of the first side margin 20 in the
intermediate portion 16 of the article, and the first outboard elastic member 38 is
configured to substantially avoid bridging beyond and/or across the indent edge 84.
Desirably, both outboard elastics are configured to substantially avoid bridging an
inwardly bowed edge, such as the C-shape indent edge 84, of the backsheet along both,
of the side ~"aryi"s of the article. Thus, the second side margin 20 of the article can
have a second terminal side edge 74 with a section thereof having a second outwardly
concave, substantially C-shape indent edge 84. The longitudinal end edge 82 of the
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second outboard elastic member 38 is configured substantially cote""il,ous with the
indent edge 84 of the second side margin 20 in the intemmediate portion 16 of the article,
and the second outboard elastic member 38 is configured to substantially avoid bridging
the indent edge 84.
The various arrangements of the invention can include sets 33 or 37 of elastic members
which are longitudinally asymmetric, with one end portion of the elastic set having a
configuration which differs from the configuration at the opposite end portion of the
elastic set. More particularly, the asymmetric elastic set can include a greater pr~,po, lion
o of the elastic material toward one of its longitudinal ends, desirably the end of the elastic
set which is proximate the back waistband portion 14 of the article.
In the illustrated configuration, for example, the inboard elastic members 34 are longer
than their ~ssori~trd, rearwardly biased, outboard elastic members 38, and overlap an
approximate entirety of the outboard elastic members. The various aspects of theinvention can also be configured to have an end portion of each inboard leg elastic
member 34 arranged in a longitudinally overlapping relation with respect to a select~d
end portion of its correspondingly ~Csori-trd and cooperating outboard leg elastic
member 38. Each inboard leg elastic member can be arranged su6sLanLiall~y parallel to
its associated outboard leg elastic member along the region of overlap. Altematively,
each inboard leg elastic member 34 can be arranged substantially non-parallel to its
associated outboard leg elastic member 38 along the region of overlap. In particular
configurations, the corresponding inboard and outboard leg elastics may be mutually
partially-overlapping; the inboard leg elastic member may partially overlap its
corresponding outboard leg elastic member, and the outboard leg elastic member may
partially overlap its corresponding inboard leg elastic member.
An absorbent body, such as absorbent structure 32, is positioned between topsheet 28
and backsheet 30 to form diaper 10. The absorbent body has a construction which is
generally compressible, conro,l"able, non-irritating to the wearer's skin, and capable of
absorbing and retaining liquid body exudates. It should be understood that, for purposes
of this invention, the absorbent stnucture may comprise a single, integral piece of
material, or alternatively, may col"pnse a plurality of individual separate pieces of
material which are operably assembled together. Where the absorbent stnucture
comprises a single, substantially integral piece of material, the material could include the
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desired structural features formed into selected spatial regions thereof. Where the
absorbent structure comprises multiple pieces, the pieces may be configured as disc,~:te
iayers or as other nonlayered shapes and configurations. Furthermore, the individual
pieces may be coextensive or non-coextensive, depending upon the requirements of the
product. It is preferred, however, that each of the individual pieces be arranged in an
operable, intimate contact along at least a portion of its boundary with at least one other
adjacent piece of the absorbent structure. Preferably, each piece is connected to an
adjacent portion of the absorbent structure by a suitable bonding and/or fiber
entanglement mechanism, such as ultrasonic or adhesive bonding, or mechanical orhydraulic needling.
In the embodiment representatively shown in Fig. 1, absorbent structure 32 includes a
liquid-acquisition, target zone, and has a contoured, curvilinear periphery, particularly
along its side edges. The two generally mirror-image, inwardly bowed, lateral edges
provide for a narrower intemmediate section suitable for positioning in the crotch of the
wearer. In the shown absorbent structure 32, a front section thereof includes two
transversely spaced ear regions and a central region. The target zone encompasses the
area where repeated liquid surges typically occur in absorbent structure 32. When the
diaper is wom, the ear regions are configured to generally engage the sides of the
wearer's waist and torso, and central region is configured to generally engage the medial
portion of the wearer's waist and torso.
Absorbent structure 32 may be manufactured in a wide variety of sizes and shapes (for
example, rectangular, trapezoidal, T-shape, I-shape, hourglass shape, etc.) and from a
wide variety of materials. The size and the absorbent capacity of absorbent structure 32
should be co",palible with the size of the intended wearer and the liquid loading imparted
by the intended use of the absorbent article. Further, the size and the absorbent
capacil~ of absorbent structure 32 can be varied to acco""~odate wearers ranging from
infants through adults. In addition, it has been found that with the present invention, the
densities and/or basis weights of the respective surge management 46 and retention 48
portions, as well as their relative ratios, can be varied. In a particular aspect of the
invention, the absorbent stnucture has an absorbent capacity of at least about 300 gm of
synthetic urine. Altematively, the absorbent stnucture can have an absorbent capacity of
at least about 400 gm of synthetic urine to provide improved pelru,ll,ance.
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Various types of wettable, hyd,uphilic fibrous material can be used to fomm the
co",ponent parts of absorbent structure 32. Examples of suitable fibers include naturally
occurring organic fibers composed of i"l,i":,ically wettable material, such as cellu'-sic
fibers; synthetic fibers composed of cell- I'osc or cell~ ~'ose derivatives, such as rayon
fibers, inorganic fibers composed of an i"her:nlly wettable material, such as glass fibers;
synthetic fibers made from inherently wettable thermoplastic polymers, such as particular
polyester or polyamide fibers; and synthetic fibers composed of a nonwettable
the""opl~stic polymer, such as polypropylene fibers, which have been hydrophilized by
appropriate means. The fibers may be hydrophilized, for example, by treatment with
silica, treatment with a material which has a suitable hydrophilic moiety and is not readily
removable from the fiber, or by sheathing the nonwettable, hydrophobic fiber with a
hycl,uphilic polymer during or after the fommation of the fiber. For the purposes of the
present invention, it is contemplated that select~d blends of the various types of fibers
mentioned above may also be employed.
As used herein, the term "hydrophilic" describes fibers or the surfaces of fibers which are
wetted by the aqueous liquids in contact with the fibers. The degree of wetting of the
materials can, in turn, be described in terms of the contact angles and the surface
tensions of the liquids and materials involved. Equipment and techniques s~ ~it, ~le for
measuring the w.~ r of particular fiber materials or blends of fiber materials used for
the surge management portion 46 can be provided by a Cahn SFA-222 Surface Force
Analyzer System, or a substantially equivalent system. When measured with this
system, fibers having contact angles less than 90~ are designated "wettable" or
hydrophilic, while fibers having contact angles greater than 90~ are designated
"nonwettable" or hydrophobic.
The retention portion 48 can comprise a matrix of hydrophilic fibers, such as a web of
cell~ ~'csic fluff, mixed with particles of high-absorbency material. In particular
arrangements, the retention portion 48 may comprise a mixture of superabsorbent
hydrogel-forming particles and synthetic polymer meltblown fibers, or a mixture of
superabsorbent particles with a fibrous cofomm material comprising a blend of natural
fibers and/or synthetic polymer fibers. The superabsorbent particles may be subsLa,-Lially
homogeneously mixed with the hydrophilic fibers, or may be nonunifommly mixed. For
example, the conce"l,dLions of superabsorbent particles may be arranged in a non-step-
wise gradient through a substantial portion of the thickness (z-direction) of the absorbent
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structure, with lower concenlralions toward the bodyside of the absorbent stnucture and
relatively higher concenl,dlions toward the outerside of the absorbent stnucture. Suitable
z-gradient configurations are described in U.S. Patent 4,699,823 issued October 13,
1987 to Kellenberger et al., the disrlQsllre of which is incorporated herein by reference in
a manner that is consisLent with the present description. The superabsorbent particles
may also be arranged in a generally discrete layer within the matrix of hydrophilic fibers
or may be configured as d;sc,~te, separate pocket regions of superabsorbent material.
In addition, two or more different types of superabsorbent may be selectively positioned
at different locations within or along the fiber matrix.
The high-absorbency material may comprise absorbent gelling materials, such as
superabsorbents. The absorbent gelling materials can be natural, synthetic and modified
natural polymers and materials. In addition, the absorbent gelling materials can be
inorganic materials, such as silica gels, or organic compounds such as cross-linked
polymers. The temm "cross-linked" refers to any means for effectively rendering nommally
water-soluble materials substantially water insol~ ~le but swellable. Such means can
include, for example, physical entanglement, crystalline domains, covalent bonds, ionic
complexes and assori~lions, hydrophilic ~ssori~tions, such as hydrogen bonding, and
hydrophobic asso~,:a~ions or Van der Waals forces.
Exd",~'es of synthetic absorbent gelling material polymers include the alkali metal and
a"""onium salts of poly(acrylic acid) and poly (methacrylic acid), poly(acryla",.ies),
poly(vinyl ethers), maleic anhydride copolymers with vinyl ethers and alpha-olefins,
poly(vinyl-py,,ulidone), poly(vinylmorpholinone), poly(vinyl alcohol), and mixtures and
copolymers thereof. Further polymers suitable for use in the absorbent stnucture include
natural and modified natural polymers, such as hydrolyzed acrylonitrile-grafted starch,
acrylic acid grafted starch, methyl cc" ~'ose, carboxymethyl cel' ~Qse, hydroxypropyl
CQ'Iu'~,Se, and the natural gums, such as alginates, xanthan gum, locust bean gum and
the like. Mixtures of natural and wholly or partially synthetic absorbent polymers can also
be useful in the present invention. Other sl lit~hle absorbent gelling materials are
disclosed by Assarsson et al. in U.S. Patent 3,901,236 issued August 26, 1975.
Processes for pr-:paring synthetic absorbent gelling polymers are ~lisclQsed in U.S.
Patent 4,076,663 issued February 28, 1978 to Masuda et al. and U.S. Patent 4,286,082
issued August 25,1981 to Tsubakimoto et al.
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Synthetic absorbent gelling materials typically are xerogels which form hydrogeis when
wetted. The temm "hydrogel", however, has cG"""only been used to also refer to both the
wetted and unwetted forms of the material.
As mentioned previously, the high-absorbency material used in the retention portion 48 is
generally in the form of ciiscr~te pdl li~ ' s The particles can be of any desired shape, for
eAd" ~le, spiral or semi-spiral, cubic, rod-like, polyhedral, etc. Shapes having a large
greatest dimension/smallest dimension ratio, like needles, flakes, and fibers, are also
contemplated for use herein. Conglomerates of particles of absorbent gelling material
may also be used in the retention portion 48.
Preferred for use are particles having an average size of from about 20 microns to about
1 millimeter. "Particle size" as used herein means the weighted average of the smallest
dimension of the individual particles.
.Suit~h'Q high-absorbency materials can have particular characteristics of Absorbent
Capacity (sometimes referred to as "AC"), Dero""aLion Under Load (sometimes referred
to as "DUL"), and the Wicking Index (sometimes referred to as "Wl"). These pa,~",eter:,
are described in detail in U.S. Patent Appiicalion Serial No. 757,787 of S. Byeriy et al.,
entitled ABSORBENT COMPOSITES AND ABSORBENT ARTICLES CONTAINING
SAME and filed on September 11, 1991 (Attomey Docket No.10,174), the ~isrlosl-re of
which is hereby inco"~ordted by reference in a manner that is consistent with the present
specification.
In a particular aspect of the invention, the absorbent retention portion 48 comprises a
matrix of s~.balanlially hyd,ophilic fibers having a quantity of high-absorbency material
distributed therein. .Selertr-d superabsorbent polymers having improved absorbent
properties can be i",po, lant for ma,ci",i~i"g the pe,ru",~ance while retain 1q the desired
thinness of the absorbent article. To provide improved pe, ro, l "ance, the particles of
superabsorbent material can be selected to provide an absorbency-under-load (AUL)
value which is within the range of about 25-40, and provide a Absorbent Capacity (AC)
value which is within the range of about 32-48. The rate of liquid uptake by thesuperabsorbent material is within the range of about 3-15 9/9 (grams liquid per gram
superabsorbent) at 30 seconds of absorbency under load, 6.5-21 9/9 at 5 minutes
absorbency under load and 25-40 9/9 at 60 minutes absorbency under load.
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A 5llit~1e method for determining AUL is described in detail in U.S. Patent Application
Serial No. 184,302 of S. Kellenberger and entitled ABSORBENT PRODUCTS
CONTAINING HYDROGELS WITH ABILITY TO SWELL AGAINST PRESSURE
(Attomey docket No. 8786); European Patent Application No. EP 0 339 461 A1,
published November 2,1989; the ~iisr~osllre of which is hereby incorporated by reference
in a manner that is consisLent with the present specification.
An example of superabsorbent polymer s uit~hle for use in the present invention is
SANWET IM 3900 polymer available from Hoechst Celanese, a business having offices
in Portsmouth, Virginia. Other suitable superabsorbents may include W45926 polymer
obtained from Stockhausen, a business having offices in Greensboro, North Carolina.
The matrix of hydrophilic fibers comprising the retention portion 48 may be a layer of
ce'lu'osic wood pulp fluff, and the particles of superabsorbent polymer can be distributed
within the matrix of hydrophilic fibers. The hydrophilic fibers and high-absorbency
particles can be provided in a fiber-to-particle ratio which is not more than about 75:25,
altematively, is not more than about 70:30, and optionally, is not more than about 55:45,
by weight. In further aspects of the invention, the fiber-to-particle ratio is not less than
about 25:75, preferably is not less than about 30:70 and more preferably is not less than
about 45:55, by weight. Such fiber-to-particle ratios can be particularly desirable in the
target zone of the absorbent structure. In particular el l Ibodil l lents of the invention, the
fiber-to-particle weight ratio is not more than about 65:35 and is not less than about
50:50 to provide desired performance.
The hydrophilic fibers and high-absorbency particles can form an average composite
basis weight which is within the range of about 400-900 gsm. Again, such basis weight is
particularly desirable in the target zone of the absorbent structure. In certain aspects of
the invention, the average composite basis weight is within the range of about 500-800
gsm, and preferably is within the range of about 550-750 gsm to provide desired
~ performance.
To provide the desired thinness dimension to the various configurations of the absorbent
article of the invention, the retention portion 48 can be configured with a bulk thickness
which is not more than about 0.6 cm. Preferably, the bulk thickness is not more than
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about 0.53 cm, and more preferably is not more than about 0.5 cm to provide improved
benefits. The bulk thickness is determined under a resl~ ,9 pressure of 0.2 psi
(1.38 kPa).
The density of the retention portion 48 or other components of the absorbent article can
be c~lcl ~l~t~d from its basis weight and thickness. With respect to diapers, for example,
the weight and thickness are measured on newly unpacked, unfolded and dry diapers at
a resl, ' ,;"9 pressure of 0.2 psi (1.38 kPa). Conventional thickness measuring devices
may be employed to determine the thickness needed to calculate the density.
In the illustrated embodiments of the invention, for example, the absorbent retention
portion 48 includes 4-22 grams of wood pulp fluff, preferably includes about 8-14 grams
of fluff and more preferably includes about 10-12 grams of fluff to provide desired
benefits. The wood pulp fluff generally provides shape and form to diaper 10, and
carries and positions the particles of superabsorbent polymer or other high-absorbency
material. The rt:lenlion portion 48 can contain about 7-12 grams of superabsorbent
polymer, and in the shown e,.,bod "ent, con'- ~s about 8.5 grams of superabsorbent
polymer. Sufficient superabsorbent polymer is inco. ~ordLed into the retention portion 48
to provide an adequatP total absorbent capacity of at least about 300 gm of urine. For
example, a medium size diaperforan infantweighing about 13-23 Ib (about5.9-10.5 kg)
can typically have a total retention capacity of about 500 grams of urine.
The fluff and superabsorbent particles can be selectively placed into desired zones of the
retention portion 48. For example, the fluff basis weight may vary across the width
dimension of the retention portion 48. Altematively, relatively larger amounts of fluff may
be positioned toward the front vv~ L.and end of the retention portion. For example, see
U.S. Patent 4,585,448 issued April 29, 1986, to K. Enloe. In the illustrated embodiment,
the majority of the superabsorbent material may be distributed down a medial region of
the retention portion 48 which extends along the length dimension of the retention portion
and measures about 3.5-4.5 inches (about 8.9-11.4 cm) in width. In addition, thesuperabsorbent material may have a selected zoned placement to reduce the amount of
superabsorbent material located proximate the side and end edges of the retention
portion. The reduced amounts of superabsorbent material at the edges of the retention
portion can improve the conlai"r ,ent of the superabsorbent particles within the fibrous
fluff matrix of the retention portion 48. The pulsed, zoned placement of the
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superabsorbent material can, for example, be achieved by the method and appaldLus
described in U.S. Patent 5,028,224 to C. Pieper et al., entitled METHOD AND
APPARATUS FOR INTERMITTENTLY DEPOSITING PARTICULATE MATERIAL IN A
SUBSTRATE and issued July 2, 1991 (Attomey docket No. 8761), the ~isclQsure of
which is hereby incorporated by reference in a manner that is consislent herewith.
In a particular aspect of the invention, absorbent stnucture 32 can be generally T-shaped
with the laterally extending cross-bar of the "T" generally corresponding to the front
waistband portion of the absorbent article for improved performance, especially for male
infants. In the illustrated embodiments, for example, the retention portion across the ear
section of the front waistband region of the article has a cross-directional width of about
9.0 inches (about 22.9 cm), the narrowest portion of the crotch section has a width of
about 3.5 inches (about 8.9 cm) and the back waistband region has a width of about
4.5 inches (about 11.4 cm).
The entire absorbent structure 32, or any individual portion thereof, such as the ,~tenlion
portion, can be overwrapped in a hydlupl~ lic high wet-strength envelope web, such as a
high wet-strength tissue or a synthetic fibrous web. Such overwrapping web can also
increase the in-use integrity of the absorbent structure. The web can be suitably bonded,
such as with adhesive, to absorbent stnucture 32 and to other co",ponents of the product
construction.
Due to the high concenl,dlions of superabsorbent particles, or other high-absorbency
material, in the retention portion 48, there can be an increased difficulty with regard to
containing the high-absorbency particles within the retention portion and restricting the
movement or migration of the superabsorbent onto the bodyside of the diaper. To
improve the cor,' ,."ent of the high-absorbency material, absorbent structure 32 can
include an improved overwrap, such as a wrap sheet 70, placed immediately adjacent
and around the retention portion 48. The wrap sheet is preferably a layer of absorbent
material which covers the major bodyside and outerside surfaces of the retention portion,
and preferably encloses substantially all of the peripheral edges of the retention portion
to form a subslanlial'y complete envelope thereabout. Altematively, the wrap sheet can
provide an absorbent wrap which covers the major bodyside and outerside surfaces of
the retention portion, and encloses subsLanlially only the lateral side edges of the
retention portion. Accordingly, both the linear and the inwardly curved portions of the
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lateral side edges of the wrap sheet would be closed about the retention portion. In such
an arrangement, however, the end edges of the wrap sheet may not be co" Flet-~ Iy
closed around the end edges of the retention portion at the waistband regions of the
article.
Absorbent wrap 70 may co",prise a multi-element wrapsheet which includes a separate
bodyside wrap layer and a separate outerside wrap layer, each of which extends past all
or some of the peripheral edges of the retention portion 48, as representatively shown in
Fig. 1. Such a configuration of the wrap sheet can, for example, f~ the fo,."aLion
of a substantially co",, lete sealing and closure around the peripheral edges of the
,~Lention portion 48. In the back waistband portion of the illustrated diaper, the
absorbent wrap may also be configured to extend an increased distance away from the
periphery of the retention portion to add opacity and strength to the back ear sections of
the diaper. In the illustrated embodiment, for example, the bodyside and outerside layers
of absorbent wrap 70 extend at least about 1/2 inch (about 1.27 cm) beyond the
peripheral edges of the retention portion to provide an outwardly protruding, flange-type
bondi, ,9 area over which the periphery of the bodyside portion of the absorbent wrap
may be completely or partially connected to the periphery of the outerside portion of the
absorbent wrap.
The bodyside and outerside layers of wrap sheet 70 may be composed of suL,sLanLia'!y
the same material, or may be composed of different materials. For example, the
outerside layer of the wrap sheet may be composed of a relatively lower basis weight
material having a relatively high porosity, such as a wet strength cellulosic tissue
composed of softwood pulp. The bodyside layer of the wrap sheet may comprise one of
the previously described wrap sheet materials which has a relatively low porosity. The
low porosity bodyside layer can better prevent the migration of supe,dbso,bent particles
onto the wearer's skin, and the high porosity, lower basis weight outerside layer can help
reduce costs.
To provide the bonding between the bodyside and outerside portions of the absorbent
wrap 70, an adhesive, such as National Starch 72-3723 adhesive, can be printed onto
the appointed bonding areas of the absorbent wrap with, for example, a rotogravure-type
system. With alternative arrangements having an absorbent wrap composed of a
nonwoven meltblown fibrous web, the peripheral sealing of the bodyside and outerside
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wrap layers may be accomplished by employing hot calendering to provide a sealed strip
region around the periphery of the retention portion.
Due to the thinness of the retention portion 48 and the high superabsorbent
concentrations within the retention portion, the liquid uptake rates of the retention portion,
by itself, may be too low, or may not be adequately sustained over three insults of liquid
into the absorbent structure. The addition of a porous, liquid-pemmeable layer of surge
management material, however, can advantageously improve the overall uptake rate of
the composite absorbent structure. Surge management portion 46 is typically lesshyd,uphilic than the retention portion 48, and has an operable level of density and basis
weight to quickly collect and temporarily hold liquid surges, to transport the liquid from its
initial entrance point and to subslantially completely release the liquid to other parts of
the absorbent stnucture 32, particularly the retention portion 48. This configuration can
help prevent the liquid from pooling and collecting on the portion of the absorbent
garment positioned against the wearer's skin, thereby reducing the feeling of wetness by
the wearer.
Various woven and nonwoven fabrics can be used to construct the surge managementportion 46. For example, the surge management portion may be a layer composed of a
me'~ n or spunbonded web of polyolefin fibers. The surge management layer may
also be a bonded-carded-web or an airlaid web composed of natural and synthetic fibers.
The bonded-carded-web may, for example, be a powder-bonded-carded web, an
infrared bonded carded web, or a through-air-bonded-carded web. The infrared andthrough-air bonded carded webs can optionally include a mixture of different fibers, and
the fiber lengths within a selected fabric web may be within the range of about 1.0-3.0
inch (about 2.54-7.62 cm). The surge management portion may be composed of a
sub~lanliallr hydrophobic material, and the hydrophobic material may optionally be
treated with a s~"ra~,lant or otherwise processed to impart a desired level of we~ '."ly
and hydrophilicity.
The representative diaper 10 can include a surge management portion 46 which is
arranged in a direct, contacting liquid communication with an adjacent portion of the
absorbent retention portion 48. As representatively shown, surge management portion
46 may be configured for placement adjacent an outwardly facing, outerside of topsheet
28. Optionally, the surge management portion can be placed adjacent an inwardly facing,
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bodyside surface of topsheet layer 28. The shown configuration of the surge
management portion is operably connected to the topsheet layer with a conventional
pattem of adhesive, such as a swirl adhesive pattem. In addition, the surge
management portion can be operably connected to the bodyside layer of wrapsheet 70
with a conventional pattem of adhesive. The amount of adhesive add-on should be
sufficient to provide the desired levels of bonding, but should be low enough to avoid
e)~cessively ,~sl,i.,Ling the movement of liquid from the topsheet layer, through the surge
management portion and through the wrapsheet layer.
The retention portion 48 is positioned in liquid communication with the surge
management portion 46 to receive liquids released from the surge management portion,
and to hold and store the liquid. In the shown embodiments, the surge managementportion 46 is provided by a separate layer which is positioned over another, separate
layer comprising the retention portion, thereby forming a dual-layer arrangement. The
surge management portion serves to quickly collect and temporarily hold clischd"Jed
liquids, to lldnspo,L such liquids from the point of initial contact and spread the liquid to
other parts of the surge management portion, and then to sul,:,larllially co",pletely
release such liquids into the layer or layers co",p,ising the retention portion 48.
The representatively shown configuration of the surge management portion is
substantially free of absorbent gelling ",ale,ial. Surge management portion 46 may,
however, contain a very small amount of particulate gelling material to help acquire an
initial liquid surge, but the amount should not be excessive. When excessive amounts of
particulate absorbent gelling material are ",di,llai"ed in the target zone, however, the
particles can cause the stnucture to retain and hold unacceplably high amounts of the
liquid. In addition, the transport of liquids away from the target zone to other sections of
absorbent stnucture 32, particularly the ,t:le"lion portion 48, can be undesirably impaired.
As mentioned previously, surge layer 46 can be a separately formed layer, which lies
adjacent the outwardly facing surface of topsheet 28 between the retention portion and
topsheet. Thus, surge management portion 46 need not comprise the entire thickness of
absorbent structure 32. The retention portion can optionally include a recess area which
wholly or partially surrounds surge management portion 46, or the retention portion can
be entirely positioned below the surge management portion. The arrangement whichincludes the recess in the retention portion 48 can advantageously increase the area of
contact and liquid communication between the retention portion and surge management
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portion 48. It should be understood, however, that surge management portion 46 could
optionally be constructed to extend through the entire thickness of absorbent structure 32
so that the capillary flow of liquid into the retention portion 48 occurs primanly in a
generally sideways (X-Y) direction.
The surge management portion can be of any desired shape which is consistent with the
absorbency requirements of the absorbent structure 32. Suitable shapes include for
example, circular, rectangular, triangular, trapezcid-l, oblong, dog-boned, hourglass-
shaped, or oval. Preferred shapes of the surge management portion are those thato increase the conlacLi,lg, liquid communicating surface area between surge management
portion 46 and the retention portion 48 so that the relative capillarity difference between
the portions can be fully utilized. In certain embodiments, for example, the surge
management portion can be generally rectangular-shaped.
In the various configurations of the invention, the surge management portion 46 may
extend over the complete length of the ,etenlion portion 48, or may extend over only a
part of the retention portion length. Where the surge management portion extends only
partially along the length of the retention portion, the surge management portion may be
selectively positioned anywhere along absorbent stnucture 32. For example, surgemanagement portion 46 may function more efficiently when it is offset toward the front
waislband of the ga""ent and transversely centered within a front section of abso,bent
structure 32. Thus, surge management portion 46 can be appruxi,,,alely centered about
the longitudinal center line of absorbent structure 32, and positioned primarily in a central
region of a front section of the absorbent structure 32.
In other aspects of the invention, the end edges of the surge management portion can be
spaced longitudinally inboard from the end edges of the retention portion 48. Inparticular configurations of the invention, the corresponding, relatively adjacent front end
edge of surge management portion 46 can be spaced a predetermined discrete distance
from a front waistband end edge of the retention portion 48.
-
It has been found that an effective fabric for constructing the surge management portion
can be distinctively characterized by particular parameters. Such parameters include, for
example, basis weight, permeability, porosity, surface area per void volume (SANV),
compression resiliency and saturation capacity. Further parameters can include a
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bonding matrix which will help ~ ;,e the pore size structure, and hydrophilicity. The
bond-matrix and the blend of fiber deniers can advantageously provide for and
subsldntially maintain a desired pore size structure.
Additional details regarding the surge materials and suitable techniques for detemmining
the above-described parameters are set forth in U.S. Patent Application Serial No.
206,986 of C. Ellis and D. Bishop, entitled, FIBROUS NONWOVEN WEB SURGE
LAYER FOR PERSONAL CARE ABSORBENT ARTICLES AND THE LIKE, and filed
March 4, 1994 (AKomey docket No. 11,256); and U.S. PatentApp' -~';on Serial No.
206,069 of C. Ellis and R. Everett, entitled, IMPROVED SURGE MANAGEMENT
FIBROUS NONWOVEN WEB FOR PERSONAL CARE ABSORBENT ARTICLES AND
THE LIKE, and filed March 4, 1994 (Attomey docket No. 11,387); the ~isclosllres of
which are hereby incorporated by reference in a manner that is consislent herewith.
In particuiar configurations of the invention, the surge material can include bicomponent
fibers. For example, polypropylene/polyethylene bicomponent fibers may be employed to
form the bicol"ponent fiber portion of any of the described fabrics. In addition, the
bicomponent fibers may be flat crimped or helically crimped.
The representatively shown article has a selected fastening system 40 connected
thereto. With reference to Figs. 4 and 5, the fastening system can comprise a panel
member 56 which includes a panel material. The panel member 56 has first and second,
opposed major facing surfaces 50 and 52, an appointed inboard region 54, and an
appointed outboard region 58 which includes a terminal outboard edge 60 thereof. A
reinforcement strip 88 includes a reinforcing, stiffening material, and is laminated to the
first surface 50 of the side panel member 56 at the outboard region 58 of the side panel.
The reinforcement strip can have a temminal outboard edge 90 which is coterminous with
the outboard edge 60 of the panel member 56. A fastener tab 36 is laminated to the
second surface 52 of the panel member 56 and includes a user-bond region 41 thereof
which extends from the panel member. The fastener tab includes first and second,opposed major surfaces 76 and 78, and includes a securing means 44 located on atleast one of the major surfaces of the fastener tab.
A fastening system 40 is connected to the article at either, and preferably both, of the
laterally opposed end regions 72 of at least one of the front and rear waistband sections.
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The side panel member 56 of each fastening system is desirably constructed to beelastic-~"y stretchable at least along a laterally extending cross-direction 24 of the article.
E)~a,nFles of articles which include elasticized side panels and selectively configured
fastener tabs are described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No.168,615 of T. Roessler
et al., entitled DYNAMIC FITTING DIAPER, and filed December 16,1993 (Attomey
docket No.10,961); and in U.S. PatentApplicaLion Serial No. 415,382 of D. Fries,entitled AN ABSORBENT ARTICLE HAVING A LAMINATED TAPE and filed April 3,
1995 (Attomey docket No. 11,990). Various techr,i; les for forming the desired fastening
systems are described in U.S. Patent No. 5,399,219 of T. Roessler et al., entitled
METHOD FOR MAKING A FASTENING SYSTEM FOR A DYNAMIC FITTING DIAPER
and issued March 21,1995 (Attomey docket No.11,186); in U.S. Patent Applicdlion
Serial No. 286,086 of D. Fries, entitled A PROCESS FOR ASSEMBLING ELASTICIZED
EAR PORTIONS and filed August 3,1994 (Attomey docket No.11,169); and in U.S.
Patent Appli ~ "on Serial No. 415,383 of D. Fries, entitled AN ASSEMBLY PROCESS
FOR A LAMINATED TAPE and filed April 3,1995 (Attomey docket No. 11,950). The
r~isrlosllres of the above-described documents are incorporated herein by refer~nce in a
manner that is consistent (not in conflict) herewith.
In the shown configuration, the side panel members 56 are separately provided,
component pieces which are operably connected and attached to form laterally opposed
end sections of the back waistband portion of the backsheet 30. In particular, each side
panel is affixed to extend laterally away from a corresponding terminal edge of the
backsheet layer. The side panels can be composed of a substantially non-elastomeric
material, such as polymer films, woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics or the like, as well as
combinations thereof. In particular aspects of the invention, the side panels are
coll,posed of an elacti~ pd material, such as a stretch-bonded-laminate (SBL) material, a
neck-bonded-laminate (NBL) ~"dLerial, an elastomeric film, an elastomeric foam material,
or the like. For example, suit~ meltblown elastomeric fibrous webs are described in
U.S. Patent 4,663,220 issued May 5,1987 to T. Wisneski et al., the disclosure of which is
hereby incorporated by reference. Examples of composite fabrics comprising at least
one layer of nonwoven textile fabric secured to a fibrous elastic layer are described in
European Patent Application No. EP 0 110 010 published on April 8, 1987 with theinventors listed as J. Taylor et al., the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by
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reference. Exan" 'Ps of NBL materials are described in U.S. Patent 5 226 992 issued
July 13 1993 to Mommon the ~is~losllre of which is hereby incorporated by r~re,~nce.
The reinforcement strip 88 can be composed of a separately provided stiffening ",alerial
which may be la~"i"aLed directly or indirectly to a first surface of the side panel
member 56 at the outboard region of the side panel. The shown l~inforcement strip
extends along substantially the entire length of the outboard end portion of the panel
member 56. In adcJilion the rci. ,rorc ement strip has a length which is greater than the
length dimension of the securing means 44 on the user-bond portion 41 of the fastener
tab 36. The rci. ,forcement strip 88 can for example be composed of a release tape
and the release tape can include a substrate composed of a polymer film such as a
polypropylene film. Suitable release tape materials are available from Avery Corp. a
business having offices located in Painesville Ohio.
The release tape configuration of the rei.,rur~elllent strip 88 can have a release
surface 98 and an opposilely located aLLacilnlent surface 100. A sl~it~le release
",ale, ial which has a limited low level adhesion to conventional pressure-sensitive
adhesives is positioned and distributed over the release surface 98 and a sl ~ - - IE
alld~.l ""ent mechanism such as a layer of construction adhesive is distributed over the
2 0 allachl l ,ent surface 100. The construction adhesive is e" F Icyed to affix the
reinforcement strip 88 onto an appointed section of the final article. In particular the strip
of release tape can be operably bonded and laminated to the outboard region 58 of the
panel member 56 along the first surface 50 of the panel member. The shown strip of
release tape is configured with its temminal outboard edge 90 posilioned suL,alanlially
cote""inous and suLlslarllially coextensive with the outboard edge 60 of the panel
member 56. In addition the width of the release tape along the cross-clir.aclion 24 is
equal to or greater than the width of the securing means 44 provided on the user-bond
region 41 of the fastener tab 36.
The fastening system includes a fastener tab 36 which provides a mecha~ ", for
holding the article on the wearer. The fastener tab includes a tab substrate which may
be composed of various substrate "~àlerials~ For example the shown embodiment of the
tab substrate can be composed of a polymer film such as a polypropylene film. Suitable
film materials are available from Avery Corp. a business having offices located in
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Painesville, Ohio. Altematively, the substrate may be composed of a woven or
nonwoven fabric, such as spunbonded nonwoven fabric.
The tab substrate 86 includes a securement surface 76 and a user surface 78, and a
selectPd securing means is positioned onto the securement surface of the tab substrate.
The securing means may be provided by an adhesive, a cohesive material, a
cooperating component of a interengaging, mechanical fastener, snaps, pins or buckles
and the like, as well as co~"binalions thereof. For example, the securing means may
include a hook component or loop component of a hook-and-loop fastener. In the shown
configuration, the securing means is provided by a layer of primary adhesive 44
distributed over the securing surface, and the fastening system provides an adhesive
fastener tab. The fastener tabs can be constructed to releasably adhere to an appointed
landing zone patch 92 attached to the front waistband section of the diaper to provide a
refastenable adhesive fastening system.
With the shown adhesive securing means, the layer of primary adhesive can be
employed to operably laminate and affix an appointed factory-bond region 39 of the
fastener tab 36 to the outboard region 58 of the panel member 56 along the second
surface 52 of the panel member. Altematively, other types of connecting means, such as
thermal bonds, sonic bonds, mechanical stitching, stapling and the like, as well as
combi,)dlions thereof, may be employed to pemmanently attach the fastener tab to the
panel member. For example, ultrasonic bonds may be employed to provide
supplemental bonding.
The factory-bond section 39 of the fastener tab 36 can overlap the outboard edge of the
panel member 56, and the fastener tab extends beyond the panel member to provide the
user-bond region 41 of the tab. The substdnliall~ coterminous, terminal edges 60 and 90
of the panel member and reinforcement strip, respectively, can advantageously combine
and cooperate to provide a relatively abnupt change or cl;sconlinuity in the thickness of
the fastening system. The terminal edges provide a composite edge which can define a
region of potential stress concentration in the fastener tab when the distal, free end of
the fastener tab is inwardly folded into a storage position. The discrete stressconcentration along the cotemminous edges 60 and 90 of the panel member and
for~,ement strip can more reliably define a desired fold line, and the fold line can be
more readily established without the use of conventional weakening procedures, such as
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scoring. As a result, the structure of the fastening system can provide for a more
effective and consislent folding operation while mainlai"i.)g the strength and reiiability of
the individual fastening tabs 36.
In a particular arrangement of the invention, the fastener tab can have a relatively wide
user-bond section in combination with a relatively narrower intermediate section. The
intermediate section is positioned between the user-bond and factory-bond sections of
the fastener tab. In a further aspect of the invention, the fastener tab 36 can include a
finger tab region 80. The finger tab is subsLa"lially non-securing, and provides an area
o that can be grasped by the user without contaminating or otherwise disturbing the
securing means. The finger tab may include a layer of panel "~al~rial, and a layer of
reinforcement material. In a particular embodiment, for example, the finger tab is
configured with the layer of panel material sandwiched between the layer of
,_inrGr.;ement material and the finger tab substrate to provide a laminated finger tab
which can be easier to locate and grasp.
Having described the invention in rather full detail, it will be readily apparent that various
changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the
invention. All of such changes and ",ocliricalions are contemplated as being within the
scope of the invention as defined by the subjoined claims.
