Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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PATENT APPLICATION
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR BLADE SfiARPENING
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
~~ d of the Invention (Technical Field):
The invention relates to a blade sharpening jig referencing the
blade to be sharpened; and a method for using such jig.
~ac~:karound Art:
The prior art is replete with devices for sharpening planer-
jointer blades in situ. Removal of the blades from the cutter head
for sharpening involves a costly grinding process. Further,
resetting the blades in the cutter head at the correct height is
not only difficult, but: required, and is critical to proper
operation of the planer or jointer.
Accordingly, the prior art has devised many ways of indexing or
referencing the cutter blade.> in order to assure an accurate and
uniform in situ sharpening process.
Much of the prior art references only the table of the planer-
jointer. While U.S. Patent Tdo. 2,729,923, to Durst, entitled
Jointer Sharpener, includes an indexer block) the true reference
during sharpening is, ultimately, the planer-jointer table itself.
Similarly, U.S. Patent No. 962,047, to Peterson, entitled Planer
Knife Sharpener, which uses the planer table as a reference plane.
U.S. Patent No. 3,738,067, to Smith, entitled Jointer Blade Grinder
likewise indexes only the jointer table.
Other prior art disclosures index or reference both the planer-
jointer table and the cutter head shaft. U.S. Patent
No. 3,691,702, to Smith, et al., entitled Jig for Sharpening
Joi~~ter Blades and the Like, includes a table mount as well as a
sha:Et-mounted indexing collar. U.S. Patent No. 3,354,589, to
Posi=ula, et al., entitled Portable Jointer Sharpener includes a
90 table mount for the sharpening jig as well as a securing member
engaging the cutter head. Likewise U.S. Patent No. 3,149,449, to
5chneider, entitled Hook-on Sharpening Attachment; U.S. Patent
No. 2,620,606, to Dvorak, entitled Portable Jointer Knife Guide;
U.S. Patent No. 3,683,564, to Lawrence, entitled Means for
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Sharpening the Blade o.f a Jointer or Planer; U.S. Patent
No. 3,828,486 to Bonke; and German Patent No. 857,902 entitled
Sharpening Device, all employ the planer-jointer table as well as
cutter shaft referencing devices.
The truest index for planer-jointer blade sharpening is
believed the cutter head alone. Among the prior art using this
referencing scheme are U.S. Patent No. 1,074,739, to Pixley,
entitled Grinding Device for Machine Tools, which provides a frame
mountable directly on t:he cutter shaft for supporting the
sharpening device. Swiss Patent No. 258,375 also mounts a
sharpening device upon the cutter shaft, as does Soviet
reference 989,068.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION (DISCi.OSURE OF THE INVENTION)
The present invention is of an apparatus and method for
sharpening cutter blade shaft.-mounted machine tool blades
comprising: adjustably connecting a sharpening device to a blade
sharpener; adjustably mounting the sharpener on a cutter blade
shaft; and referencing a blade while sharpening the blade. The '
steps may be performed over and over with a same or different
bla~9es. In the preferred embodiment, adjustably mounting comprises
providing a body member, preferably a plurality of independently
adjustable arm members, most preferably a straight arm member, an
any.l e<1 arrn member, and a pivo~ab.l a atrn rneml~er. ReLerencirry a blade
whi:Le sharpening the blade comprises engaging the back of the blade
to be sharpened by the angled arm member. The sharpener is
pre:Eerably a powered die grinder and adjustably connecting is done
by a threaded connector having a lock to secure the position of the
thrc>aded connector relative to the body member.
The invention is also of a jig for sharpening machine tool
blades comprising: a connector for adjustably connecting the jig
to a powered sharpening device; a body member adjustable relative
to t:he connector; and arms dependent from and adjustable relative
to t:he body member. In the preferred embodiment, the connector is
internally and externally threaded, the body member is internally
threaded for engagement with the connector, the body member
comprises a lock bolt for securing the position of the connector
relative to the body mernber, and the jig comprises a plurality of
adjustable arms, at least some of which engage a machine tool
cutter shaft. At least one of the adjustable arms preferably
95 engages a blade while the blade is sharpened.
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The invention is also of an apparatus and method for sharpening
rots ry saw blades comprising: adjustably connecting a sharpening
device to a rotary saw blade sharpener; adjustably mounting the
sharpener adjacent a rotary saw blade; and referencing a saw tooth
to be sharpened while sharpening the saw tooth. In the preferred
embodiment, the invention further comprises mounting a pair of base
members on either side of the rotary saw blade, referencing the saw
toot=h comprises mounting a pin upon the base member and wedging the
pin under the saw tooth, the invention further comprises sharpening
a saw tooth, removing the pin and rotating the rotary saw blade to
an adjacent saw tooth to be sharpened, and sharpening the adjacent
saw tooth, and sharpening the saw tooth comprises sharpening a saw
tooth of one configuration, turning the base members end-for-end,
and sharpening a saw tooth of another configuration.
The invention is further of an apparatus and method of
sharpening router and shaper bits comprising: providing a table;
protruding a powered sharpener a predetermined amount through the
table; suspending a table surface from a pin support; and manually
grinding a bit the predetermined amount while supporting the bit on
the table and the table surfac=e. In the preferred embodiment, the
table has a hole therein through which the powered sharpening
device protrudes. Suspending a table surface preferably comprises
suspending a table surface complementary to and even with the
powered sharpening device.
The invention is also of an apparatus for sharpening muter and
shaper bits comprising: a powered sharpening device;a table
adjustably mounted adjacent the powered sharpening device; a pin
support adjustably mounted above the table; and a pin and pin head
adjustably suspended from the pin support; wherein the powered
sharpening device protrudes ak~ove the means comprising a table an
amou=nt equal to the amount of material to be removed from a bit to
be sharpened. In the preferred embodiment, the powered sharpening
device is a powered die grinder, the table and pin support are
adjustably supported by an arm mounted on the sharpening device,
and 'the pin head provides a table surface complementary to and even
with the powered sharpening device.
.A primary object of the present invention is the setting and
sharpening of machine cutter blades in situ;
~4nother object of the invention is the provision of a
sharpening apparatus which can sharpen square or round cutter
95 blade's of any size;
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A further object of the invention is the provision of a
shao~pening apparatus which can access cutter heads that are only
120" exposed;
Still another object of the invention is the provision of a
sharpening apparatus which indexes the blade being ground;
A primary advantage of the present invention is its ease of
manufacture and relatively low cost;
Another advantage of the present invention is that it not only
sharpens jointers and p:Laners, but mill heads with knife inserts as
well.;
Yet another advantage of the present invention is that it can
sharpen carbide blades;
Still another advantage of the present invention is that the
sharpening apparatus can be adjusted to very fine tolerances;
A further advantage of the present invention is its capability
of grinding secondary bevels, resulting in less overall grinding;
and
Yet another advantage of the present invention is its capacity
of sharpening saw blades, router and shaper bits.
Other objects, advantages and novel features, and further scope
of applicability of the present invention will be set forth in part
in the detailed description to follow, taken in conjunction with
the accompanying drawings, an<i in part will become apparent to
those skilled in the art. upon examination of the following, or may
be learned by practice of the invention. The objects and
advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by means
of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out
in the appended claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated into and form
a part of the specification, illustrate several embodiments of the
present invention and, together with the description, serve to
explain the principles of the invention. The drawings are only for
the purpose of illustrating a preferred embodiment of the invention
and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. In the
drawings
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Fig. 1 is an articulated view of the preferred embodiment of
the invention;
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the preferred embodiment of the
invention mounted upon a cutter head;
Fig. 3 is a cross-section of the connector of the preferred
embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is a top view of t:he body of the preferred embodiment of
the invention;
Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of Fig. 9 along A-A';
Fig. 6 is a side view of Fig. 9;
Fig. 7 is a frontal view of the straight arm of the preferred
embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 8 is a frontal view of the angled arm of the preferred
embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 9 is a side view of the angled arm of the invention;
Figs. 10(a) and 10(b) are frontal articulated views of the
pivotable arm of the preferred embodiment of the invention;
Figs. 11(a) and 11(b) are side articulated views of the
pivotable arm of the preferred embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 12 is an articulated view of the second embodiment of the
invention;
Fig. 13 is a top view of a base member of Fig. 12;
Fig. 19 is a side view of the base member of Fig. 13;
Fig. 15 is an end view of the base member of Fig. 14;
90 Fig. 16 is a side view of the tenon of Fig. 12;
Fig. 17 is an end view of the tenon of Fig. 16;
Fig. 18 is a top view of the pin of Fig. 12;
Fig. 19 is a side view of the second embodiment of the
invention positioned upon a table saw;
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Fig. 20 is a perspective view of the third embodiment of the
invention;
Fig. 21 is a top view of the table of Fig. 20;
Fig. 22 is a side view of the pin and pin head of Fig. 20;
Fig. 23 is a top view of the pin support of Fig. 20; and
Fig. 29 is a side view of' the arm of Fig. 20.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
IBEST MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION)
Reference is now made to Figs. 1 and 2 which show the preferred
embodiment of the sharpening apparatus of the invention.
Sharpening apparatus 10 employs a grinding device 12, for example,
a Blue Point AT 100B die grinder or the like, comprising exposed
thread portion 14 on the lower housing thereof. Grinding stone 16
is attached to the shaft. of grinding device 12.
Threaded portion 14 of grinding device 12 attaches to
cylindrical connector 30, which is internally threaded for a
portion of its length to mate with the threaded portion 14 of the
grinding device 12. Such threaded attachment also provides a rough
length adjustment for the grinding stone 16. Further, connector 30
is also externally threaded through its length for attachment to
body 40, as best shown i.n Fig. 3.
Body 40 comprises internal threads matching the external
threads of connector 30 for connection thereto. Additionally,
body 40 is generally rectangular in configuration. Sides 42 are
slotted at 46 to receive arms 22, 24 and 26. Sides 42 are also
drilled and threaded for set .screws 28 for positioning and
retaining arms 22, 24, and 26 in slots 46.
As best shown in Figs. 9-6, body 40 further comprises saw-cut
kerfs 52 and 54 perpendicular to each other. A lock bolt hole 56,
threaded at 58, extends through body 40, also perpendicular to
kerf 52. After connector 30 i.s properly screwed in to the proper
depth in body 40, a lock bolt extending through lock bolt hole 56
and 'tightened in threaded portion 58 functions to securely hold
95 body 40 and connector 30 in a selected position.
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As shown in Figs. 2 and a, arm 22 comprises a straight slotted
bar,, preferably metallic. Straight arm 22 engages cutter head 20
with a predetermined pressure, and is adjustable lengthwise by
means of slot 72 and set screw 28. Straight arm 22 and angled
arm 24 are both accommodated in body slot 46.
As shown in Figs. 2, 8 and 9, angled arm 24 also comprises a
slotted portion 82 and :is likewise adjustable lengthwise by
relative positioning of slot 82 and set screw 28. Although both
angled arm 24 and straight arm 22 reside within body slot 46, they
are independently adjustable. Angled arm 24 bears directly upon
the back of blade 29 thereby referencing blade 29 during the
sharpening process, as well as providing a reference for the other
cutter shaft blades to tie sharpened.
As shown in Figs. 2, 10 and 11, pivotable arm 26 also comprises
longitudinal adjustment slot 92. Pivotable arm 26 also comprises a
depending arm portion 96 which is angularly adjustable to properly
bear upon cutter shaft 20.
In using apparatus 10, all power to the planer/jointer must, of
course, be disconnected or shit off. Cutter shaft 20 must be as
exposed as possible (lower tables, remove fences, etc.), and
rotated until one blade 29 is on top. Cutter shaft 20 is then
wedged against rotation by any suitable means.
Sharpening device 12 is secured by screwing into connector 30,
Connector 30 is rotated until the bottom portion clears body 40, as
shown in Fig. 2. The arm set screws 28 are loosened, and arms 22
and 24 are adjustably brought to bear with some pressure upon
cutter shaft 20 and blade 29, and secured respectively. Pivotable
arm 26 is also both longitudinally and angularly adjusted until it
bears upon cutter shaft 20, then fine adjusted to grind a secondary
bevel upon blade 29.
The grinding stone 16 is adjusted by turning connector 30 until
ston~= 16 almost touches blade 29. The lock bolt is tightened and
the blade is manually traversed along the blade length.
Readjustment of blade height, if necessary, is manually effected.
The wedging device is removed and each blade is thus manually
travs~rsed and each blade's height is adjusted as necessary.
'The wedging devices are replaced, and the sharpening device is
connected to a power source. The lock bolt is loosened, and the
95 connector 30 and sharpening device 12 are lowered until grinding
stone 16 contacts blade 29. The lock bolt is re-tightened and
blade 29 is ground while traversed thus providing a secondary bevel
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upon the blade. Each blade is thus sharpened in turn. Succeeding
sharpening passes may be required: for each pass the sharpening
device 12 is appropriately lowered. Optimum sharpening occurs by
lowering the sharpening device no more than 0.0005" per pass. Upon
completion, any remaining burrs are manually removed.
Figs. 12-19 illustrate the second embodiment of the invention
comprising adaptor structure for in situ sharpening of table saw
blades. As shown in articulated perspective in Fig. 12, in
addition to the previously disclosed apparatus 10, adaptor
structure 120 comprises base members 121, 121'. Base members 121,
121' are reverse, or mirror images of each other. Each base
member 121, 121' as best. shown in Figs. 13, 19 and 15, comprises
support portion 122, dovetail mortise portion 124, screw holes 126,
and pin slots 128.
The table saw blade adaptor structure further comprises
dovetail tenor portion 130, as shown in Figs. 5, 16 and 17, and pin
132, shown in Fig. 18, as well_ as appropriate wood screws (not
shown) and bolts (also not shown).
In use, as shown in Fig. 19, the circular table saw blade
member 300 is used to cut approximately halfway through a piece of
wood stock 302, e.g., approximately 9" wide. The saw is then
stopped; the blade and wood stock are then disengaged from each
other so as to be freely movable relative to each other, including
up-down, back-and-forth motion, and blade rotary motion.
Base members 121, 121' are' positioned on each side of the
rotary saw blade. Base members 121, 121' are also positioned to
free:Ly allow rotary and up-and-down motion of the rotary saw
blade 300. Pin 132 placed in pin slots 128 correctly positions
base members 121, 121' relative to each other.
.4s shown in Fig. 19, the wood stock 302 and base members 121,
121' mounted thereon are moved back and forth while rotating the
rotary saw blade until a selected blade tip is brought parallel to
baser 121, 121' and the face of the blade is pressed and wedged
against pin 132. At this point wood screws in holes 126 are used
90 to secure bases 121, 121' to the wood stock 302. The wood
stock; 302 is secured to the table 304 of the saw 300 using C-clamps
(not shown).
Dovetail tenor 130 is then secured to depending pivotable arm
95 portion 96 by screw holes 134. Tenor 130 is then inserted into
mortise 124, and the sharpening apparatus is properly positioned
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and secured over the selected blade tip. Sharpening proceeds as
previously disclosed with planer/jointer blade sharpening.
Each blade tip of similar configuration can be successively
sharpened by removing pin 132) rotating the next blade tip into
position, and re-inserting and wedging pin 132 against the blade
tip. However, with rotary saw blades that are alternatively
beveled, each blade tip of similar configuration is successively
sharpened; after completion of sharpening of such similarly
configured blades, -'~~Q~~~ 3~ ~ Stunned end-for-endvN ndXthe ) blades ~~~~ ~
of opposite configuration are then sharpened.
The third embodiment of the invention, router and shaper bit
sharpener apparatus, is depicted in Figs. 20-24. Again, powered
grinder 12 serves as a power source, albeit in inverted
configuration. Grinder 12 i.s screw-connected to connector 30, in
turn screw-connected to body 40, all as previously disclosed.
The router and bit shaper apparatus further comprises
table 190. Table 190, as best shown in Fig. 21, also comprises a
slot portion 192 for accommodating supporting arm 194. Arm 194 is
supported by body 40 and, in turn, supports table 190 at any
desired elevation above body 40. Table 190 further comprises
hole 196 for receiving grinding stone 16 therethrough. Normally,
table 190 is adjusted to a height such that 0.001" of. grinder
stone 16 protrudes above table 190.
The router and shaper apparatus further comprises pin 198
having head portion 200, as shown in Fig. 22) supported in hole 204
in pin support 202, shown in Fig. 23, and functions to align and
reference grinding stone 16 by providing a table surface ~ 2U~ ~'C~~ ~~-)~~~
complementary and level with the upper surface of grinding
stone 16.
Both table 190 and pin support 202 have threaded bolt holes 193
in their respective slotted portions 192 for adjustable connection
to slot 212 in arm 194. Arm 194, as shown in Fig. 24, is similar
to previously disclosed arm 22 but is of thicker configuration.
Pin support 202 further comprises threaded bolt hole 210 for
securing pin 198 in hole 204 by a lock screw (not shown).
In use, connector 30 and body 40 are assembled to grinder 12
and grinding stone 16 as previously disclosed, but in inverted
configuration.
Arm 194 is secured to body 40, and table 190 is connected to
arm 194 at any desired elevation below the topmost edge of grinding
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stone 16. This protrusion oi: grinding stone 16 above table 190
represents the desired amount: of material to be removed, normally
0.001". Pin support 202, with pin 198 in hole 204, is also loosely
secured to arm 194.
Thereafter) pin 19B is lowered until pin head 200 is even with
the top of grinding stone 16. Then, pin 198 is secured with a lock
screw and pin support 202 is secured tightly to arm 194. Further
fine adjustment of grinding stone 16 is effected by rotation of
connector 30.
Actual sharpening of rouging and shaper bits is effected
manually. The bits are "fed" into grinding stone 16 using
tab_Le 190 as a support until the desired amount of material is
removed .
industrial App_licabilitv:
The invention is further illustrated by the following non-
limiting eximples.
EXAMPLE A
The powered grinding device 12 may be a Blue Point AT 100B die
grinder or any similar grinding device. The grinding device
should, however, operate at 20,000 to 25,000 rpm and should have at
lea~;t a portion of the housing externally threaded (preferably 1/4"
at 1.6 TPI with an external diameter of 1-3/8").
As best shown in Fig. 3, connector 30 is of a metallic
(preferably steel) or suitable plastic composition with a length of
1-1/2", an O.D. of 1-3/9" and an I.D. of 1-3/8" and preferably
anodized red. Connector 30 is internally threaded for at least
3/9" with female threads at 16 TPI (or suitably match the exterior
threads of the powered die grander). The external diameter of
connector 30 is threaded tloroughout i.ts length with 32 TPI.
As best shown in Fig. 9, body 40 is generally of rectangular
configuration, of suitable mel~allic or plastic composition, and
anodized red in color. Body 40 is 2-1/2" wide, 2-3/9" long, 1"
thick and has opposed slots 46 1-1/9" across and 1/9" deep. The
four corners of body 40 are rounded to ~". Cavity 50 is 1-3/4" in
diameter and threaded with 32 TPI for mating with connector 30.
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Kerfs 52 and 54 are sawed into body 40 to provide a locking
mechanism for connector 30. Kerf 52 is sawed downardly for ~" and
intersects kerf 54 at a right angle. Extending generally parallel
to kerf 54 and also extending along the entire length of body 40 is
lock bolt hole 56. Lock bolt hole 56 is unthreaded half of its
length and threaded with #10 20 TPI for the remaining half of its
length, at 58, thereby enabling screw engagement with a #10 20 TPI
bolt:. Such engagement, of course, securely retains connector 30
within body 40.
Slot 46 also has a #10 20 TPI threaded holes therein for
reception and retention of set screws 28. Set screws 28
independently and adjustably retain arms 22, 24 and 26 within
slots 46.
Straight arm 22 as best depicted in Figs. 2 and 7 comprises an
elongate bar suitably composed of metal, plastic or the like.
Arm 22 is preferably 3" long, 1-1/4" wide and 1/8" thick. Arm 22,
as shown in Fig. 2, engages the cutter shaft thereby referencing
the shaft and further insuring against shaft rotation. Straight
arm 22 comprises 1/9" wide, 1-1/4" long elongate slot 72 which) in
cooperation with set screw 28 enables independent longitudinal
adjustment of arm 22.
Angled arm 24, best shown in Figs. 2, 8 and 9 preferably
originally comprises a stock bar 3-3/4" long, 1-1/4" wide and 1/8"
1-3/16" from the bottom of the bar, thus creating an angled finger
portion 84. The bottom of the' angled finger portion 84 is milled
at 90° relative to the downwai:dly depending portion of the arms,
at 86, leaving 1/16" or less of the original end remaining. Angled
arm 24 is also 1/8" thick, an<i comprises centered elongate slot B2
1-1/4" long and 1/4" wide. The finger portion 84 engages the back
of the blade to be sharpened, thereby establishing a true index for
both blade setting and blade sharpening for all blades.
Pivotable arm 26 engages the forward portion (relative to
direction of rotation) of the cutter shaft, as best shown in
Fig. 2. As shown in Figs. 10 and 11 pivotable arm 26 also comprises
suitable stock, the top portion 94 of which is 3/8" thick, 2-1/2"
long and 1-1/9" wide. Top portion 94 also contains a 1/4" slot 92
1-1/4" long. Two 5/16" wide ~~" long bottom portions are milled
away, leaving a bottom portion S/8" wide and ~" long with an
unthreaded bolt hole formed therein.
Depending pivotable arm portion 96 comprises two upstanding
portions 98, 98 each 5/16" wide and spaced 5/8" apart. Each
upstanding portion 98, 98 also comprises a threaded bolt hold (#10
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20 TPI bolt) 102, as well as kerfs 100 adjacent upstanding
portion 98, 98. Engagement of a #10 20 TPI bolt through bolt
holes 102 and subsequent tightening, serves to lock depending arm
portion 96 in any desired angular position for engagement with
cutter shaft 20, as shown in Fig. 2.
EXAMPLE B
Bases 121, 121' of the rotary saw blade adaptor structure 120
each comprise aluminum bar stock 6" long, reduced at mid-length
from 1-1/16" width to 1" in width, as shown in Fig. 13. One side
of each base 121 has dovetail. mortise 124 therein. Dovetail
mortise 124 comprises a 1/9" deep slot:, as shown in Fig. 15) having
sloping top and bottom sides, the opening increasing from 3/8"
outwardly to ~-." internally.
Pin slot 128 comprises a 1/9" diameter semi-cylinder, the
center of which is 2" from an end of bases 121. Screw holes 126
one 3/16" diameter and suitab:Ly accept wood screws for securing
bases 121 to wood stock.
Dovetail tenors 130, shown is Figs. 16 and 17, preferably also
of aluminum stock and comprises a 3" bar having sloping sides to
mate with mortise 124. Holes 134 each comprise #10 20 TPI threaded
holes for accepting suitable Molts for securing tenors 130 to
similar holes 134 in dependinct pivot arm portion 96.
Pin 132 shown in Fig. 18, 1/4" in diameter and 1-1/8" in length
preferably comprises steel or other metal of requisite hardness and
toughness.
EXAMPLE C
Table 190 is of similar configuration to body 40, and
preferably also comprises steel composition. Table 190 also
comprises 0.375" deep slot 192 with a 1/9" diameter threaded
locking screw hole 193 centered therein. Hole 196 for reception of
90 grinding stone 16 is 1" in diameter, centered 1.375" from the top
edge of slot 192, and 1.25" from the side edges, and also centered
on the locking screw hole. Table 190 is 0.5" thick.
Similarly, pin support 202 is of steel composition and 0.5" in
95 thickness. Hole 204 for reception of pin 198 is 0.5" in diameter
and centered similarly to hole 196. In addition to locking screw
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hole 193, pin support 202 also comprises locking screw hole 210 for
securing pin 198 to pin support 202.
Pin 198 and pin head 200 comprise a 2" steel pin. Pin 198 is
0.5" in diameter, while pin head 200 slopes from 0.6875" diameter
to .5" diameter over a length of 0.125".
Arm 194 preferably comprises steel bar stock 0.375" thick.
Arm 194 is 4" in length and 1.25" wide. Slot 212 is 0.25" in width
and 3-1/9" long.
The preceding examples can be repeated with similar success by
substituting the generically or specifically described reactants
and/or operating conditions of this invention for those used in the
preceding examples.
Although the invention has been described in detail with
particular reference to these preferred embodiments, other
embodiments can achieve the same results. Variations and
modifications of the present .invention will be obvious to those
skilled in the art and it is intended to cover in the appended
claims all such modifications and equivalents. The entire
disclosures of all references) applications, patents, and
publications cited above, and of the corresponding application(s),
are hereby incorporated by reference.
