Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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FABRIC SOFTENING COMPOSITIONS
Field of the invention
The present invention relates to fabric softening compositions and moreparticularly to compositions which reduce the amount of dyes released
from coloured fabrics upon wet treatment such as those which occur in a
laundry operation.
Background of the invention
The domestic treatment of coloured fabrics is a problem known in the art
to the formulator of laundry compositions. More particularly, the problem
of formulating laundry compositions which reduce the amount of dyes
released from coloured fabrics upon wet treatment is a particular challenge
to the formulator. This problem is now even more acute with the trends of
consumer to move towards more colored fabrics.
Numerous solutions have been proposed in the art to solve this problem
such as by treating the fabric with a dye scavenger during the washing
process as described in EP 0,341,205, EP 0,033,815 and with a polyvinyl
substance as described in WO g4/11482 or in the rinse cycle with a dye
fixing agent as described in EP 0,462,806. However, a problem
encountered with these solutions is that the dye fixing agents when used
in the washing process may be destroyed or damaged by contact on
storage and/or during the process, whilst when used in the rinse cycle the
8U~$TITUTE SIIEET ~ULE Zfil
.. ~ .. ,.................. . , . .. . . , ~.. ..
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need for a detergent active and a high level of dye fixing agent is required
to provide effective dye fixation performance. Furthermore, a problem
related with the use of dye fixing agents in a softening composition is that
of its weight efficiency. So that, although levels of dye fixing agents above
10% by weight would provide effective dye fixation, such use would result
in an increase in the formulation cost. Another problem relating to the use
of a high level of dye fixing agents in fabric softening compositions is that
the resulting products show phase instability. On the other hand, lowering
the level of dye fixing agents would not provide sufficient dye fixing
properties and the need for a detergent material would be required.
Accordingly, notwithstanding the advances in the art, there is still a need
for a fabric softening composition which effectively reduces the amount of
dyes released from coloured fabrics upon wet treatment.
The Applicant has now found that the use of a liquid composition
comprising a cationic fabric softener having at least two long chains, a
cationic dye fixing agent in amount of 0.1 % to 10% by weight, said
composition being free of detergent materials, fulfills such a need.
It is therefore an advantage of the invention to provide liquid fabric
softening compositions which provide effective reduction of the amount of
dyes released from coloured fabrics upon wet domestic tre~atments.
It is another advantage of the invention to provide liquid fabric softening
compositions with effective softening properties.
It is another advantage of the invention to provide liquid fabric softening
compositions with effective storage stability properties.
For the purpose of the invention, the term "detergent materials"
encompasses detergent surfactant materials selected from soaps, non-soap
~nionic, nonionic, zwitterionic and amphoteric synthetic and natural
detergent surfactants which are not softeners. Not included by this
definition are the fatty acids which are fabric softeners, contrary to said
soaps components which do not have fabric softener properties.
SUBSllllllt 811EE~ (IIULE 261
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Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to a liquid fabric softening composition
comprising a cationic fabric softener having at least two long chains and a
cationic dye fixing agent in amount of 0.1 % to 10% by weight, said
composition being free of detergent materials.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a method for
treating fabrics is provided. The method comprises contacting the fabrics
during the rinse cycle of a consumer laundry process with an aqueous
medium containing at least 50 ppm of a fabric softening composition of the
invention.
Detailed descriDtion of the invention
Cationic fabric softeners
An essential component of the invention is a cationic fabric softener
component having at least two long chains. By component having at least
two long chains is meant a component containing at least two alkyl or
alkenyl chains, each comprising from 10 to 25 carbon atoms. Such fabric
softener provides effective softness benefit to the treated fabrics.
Typical levels of said fabric softener components within the liquid softener
compositions are from 1% to 80% by weight of the compositions.
Depending on the composition execution which can be dilute with a
preferred level of fabric softening components from 1% to 5%, or
concentrated, with a preferred level of fabric softening components from
5% to 80%, more preferably 10% to 50%, most preferably 15% to 35%
by weight.
.
Typical cationic fabric softening components having at least two long
chains include the water-insoluble quaternary-ammonium fabric softening
8UI~TITU~E SHEE~ ~UIE 2~)
., . .. ., . ~, . . . . . .
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actives, the most commonly used having been di-long alkyl chains
ammonium chloride.
Preferred cationic softeners among these include the following:
1 ) ditallow dimethylammonium chloride ~DTDMAC);
2) dihydrogenated tallow dimethylammonium chloride;
3) dihydrogenated tallow dimethylammonium methylsulfate;
4) distearyl dimethylammonium chloride;
5) dioleyl dimethylammonium chloride;
6) dipalmityl hydroxyethyl methylammonium chloride;
7) stearyl benzyl dimethylammonium chloride;
8) tallow trimethylammonium chloride;
9) hydrogenated tallow trimethylammonium chloride;
10) C 1 2-14 alkyl hydroxyethyl dimethylammonium chloride;
11) C12 1g alkyl dihydroxyethyl methylammonium chloride;
12) ditallow imidazolinium methylsulfate;
13) 1-(2-tallowylamidoethyl)-2-tallowyl imidazolinium
methylsulfate .
However, in recent years, the need has arisen for more environmental-
friendly materials, and rapidly biodegradable quaternary ammonium
compounds have been presented as alternatives to the traditionally used di-
long chain ammonium chlorides. Such quaternary ammonium compounds
contain long chain alk(en)yl groups interrupted by functional groups such
as carboxy groups. Said materials and fabric softening compositions
containing them are disclosed in numerous publications such as EP-A-
0,040,562, and EP-A-0,239,910.
The quaternary ammonium compounds and amine precursors herein have
the formula (I) or (Il), below: _
R3\ R3
\ / 1 + N--(CH2)n-CI H -CH2 x ~
_ + I (C~h~-Q~ X R3 Q
Rl l l T2
or _
(I) (Il)
SUBSTITUTE SIIEE~ ~IUIE 2~
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wherein Q is selected from -O-C(O)-, -C(O)-O-, -O-C(O)-O-, -NR4-C(o)-, -
C(o)-NR4-;
R1 is (CH2)n-Q-T2 or T3;
R2 is (CH2)m-Q-T4 or T5 or R3;
R3 is C1-C4 alkyl or C1-C4 hydroxyalkyl or H;
R4 is H or C1-C4 alkyl or C1-C4 hydroxyalkyl;
T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 are independently C1 1-C22 alkyl or alkenyl;
n and m are integers from 1 to 4; and
X~ is a softener-compatible aniom
Non-limiting examples of softener-compatible anions include chloride ormethyl sulfate.
The alkyl, or alkenyl, chain T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 must contain at least 11
carbon atoms, preferably at least 16 carbon atoms. The chain may be
straight or branched.
Tallow is a convenient and inexpensive source of long chain alkyl and
alkenyl material. The compounds wherein T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 represents
the mixture of long chain materials typical for tallow are particularly
preferred .
Specific examples of quaternary ammonium compounds suitable for use in
the aqueous fabric softening compositions herein include:
1 ) N,N-di(tallowoyl-oxy-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride;
2) N,N-di(tallowoyl-oxy-ethyl)-N-methyl, N-(2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium
chloride;
3) N,N-di(2-tallowyl-oxy-2-oxo-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride;
4) N,N-di(2-tallowyl-oxy-ethylcarbonyl-oxy-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium
chloride;
O N-(2-tallowoyl-oxy-2-ethyl)-N-(2-tallowyl-oxy-2-oxo-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl
ammonium chloride;
6) N,N,N-tri(tallowyl-oxy-ethyl)-N-methyl ammonium chloride;
SlB81ll~lt SIET (I~U~E 2~3
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7) N-(2-tallowyl-oxy-2-oxo-ethyl)-N-(tallowyl-N,N-dimethyl-ammonium
chloride;
8) N - methyl - N - (3 - tallowamidopropyl), N-(2-tallowoyloxyethyl)
ammonium chloride;
9) 1, 2-ditallowyl-oxy-3-trimethylammoniopropane chloride;
and mixtures of any of the above materials.
Of these, compounds 1-8 are examples of compounds of Formula (I);
compound 9 is a compound of Formula (Il). Particularly preferred is N,N-
di(tallowoyl-oxy-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride, where the tallow
chains are at least partially unsaturated. The level of unsaturation of the
tallow chain can be measured by the lodine Value (IV) of the corresponding
fatty acid, which in the present case should preferably be in the range of
from 5 to 100 with two categories of compounds being distinguished,
having a IV below or above 25. Indeed, for compounds of Formula (I) made
from tallow fatty acids having an IV of from 5 to 25, preferably 15 to 20, it
has been found that a cisttrans isomer weight ratio greater than 30/70,
preferably greater than 50/50 and more preferably greater than 70/30
provides optimal concentrability. For compounds of Formula (I) made from
tallow fatty acids having an IV of above 25, the ratio of cis to trans
isomers has been found to be less critical unless very high concentrations
are needed.
Other examples of suitable quaternary ammoniums of Formula (I) and (Il)
are obtained by, e.g.:
- replacing "tallow" in the above compounds with, for example, coco,
palm, lauryl, oleyl, ricinoleyl, stearyl, palmityl, or the like, said fatty acylchains being either fully saturated, or preferably at least partly
unsaturated;
- replacing "methyl" in the above compounds with ethyl, ethoxy, propyl,
propoxy, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl or t-butyl;
- replacing "chloride" in the above compounds with bromide,
methylsulfate, formate, sulfate, nitrate, and the like.
, , .
In fact, the anion is merely present as a counterion of the positively
charged quaternary ammonium compounds. The nature of the counterion is
$UBS~ t SHE~ LE 2~)
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not critical at all to the practice of the present invention. The scope of this
invention is not considered limited to any particular anion.
By "amine precursors thereof" is meant the secondary or tertiary aminescorresponding to the above quaternary ammonium compounds, said amines
being substantially protonated in the present compositions due to the pH
values.
For the preceding biodegradable fabric softening agents, the pH of the
compositions herein is an essential parameter of the present invention.
Indeed, it influences the stability of the quaternary ammonium or amine
precursors compounds, especially in prolonged storage conditions. The pH,
as defined in the present context, is measured in the neat compositions at
20~C. For optimum hydrolytic stability of these compositions, the neat pH,
measured in the above-mentioned conditions, must be in the range of from
2.0 to 4.5. Preferably, where the liquid fabric softening compositions of the
invention are in a diluted form, the pH of the neat composition is in the
range of 2.0 to 3Ø The pH of these compositions herein can be regulated
by the addition of a Bronsted acid. Examples of suitable acids include the
inorganic mineral acids, carboxylic acids, in particular the low molecular
weight ~C1-Cs) carboxylic acids, and alkylsulfonic acids. Suitable inorganic
acids include HCI, H2S04, HNO3 and H3P04. Suitable organic acids
include formic, acetic, citric, methylsulfonic and ethylsulfonic acid.
Preferred acids are citric, hydrochloric, phosphoric, formic, methylsulfonic
acid, and benzoic acids.
Cationic dve fixative agent
The other essential component of the invention is a cationic dye fixative
agent. Cationic dye fixing agents, or "fixatives", are well-known,
commercially available materials which are designed to improve the
appearance of dyed fabric by minimizing the loss of dye from fabrics due to
~vashing. Cationic dye fixatives are based on various quaternized or
otherwise cationically charged organic nitrogen compounds. Cationic
fixatives are available under various trade names from several suppliers.
Representative examples include: CROSCOLOR PMF (July 1981, Code No.
SUBSTITUTE SHEEr ~RDLE 2~)
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7894) and CROSCOLOR NOFF ~January 1988, Code No. 8544) from
Crosfield; INDOSOL E-50 (February 27, 1984, Ref. No. 6008.35.84;
polyethyleneamine-based) from Sandoz; SANDOFIX TPS, which is also
available from Sandoz and is a preferred polycationic fixative for use herein
and SANDOFIX SWE (cationic resinous compound), REWIN SRF, REWIN
SRF-O and REWIN DWR from CHT-Beitlich GMBH.
Other cationic dye fixing agents are described in "Aftertreatments for
improving the fastness of dyes on textile fibres" by Christopher C. Cook
(REV. PROG. COLORATION Vol. 12, 1982). Dye fixing agents suitable for
use in the present invention are ammonium compounds such as fatty acid -
diamine condensates e.g. the hydrochloride, acetate, metosulphate and
benzyl hydrochloride of oleyldiethyl aminoethylamide, oleylmethyl-
diethylenediaminemethosulphate, monostearyl-ethylene
diaminotrimethylammonium methosulphate and oxidized products of
tertiary amines; derivatives of polymeric alkyldiamines, polyamine-cyanuric
chloride condensates and aminated glycerol dichlorohydrins.
The amount of dye fixing agent to be employed in the composition of theinvention is in amount of from 0.1 % to 10% by weight of the composition,
preferably from 0.5% to 8% by weight, more preferably from 0.8% to
5.5% by weight of the composition.
For optimum dye fixing benefit as well as softness benefit, the weight ratio
of fabric softener to dye fixing agent is of from 60: 1 to 1.5: 1, more
preferably from 20:1 to 3.5:1, most preferably from 10:1 to 3.5:1.
Detergent materials
For the purpose of the invention, the term "detergent materials"
encompasses detergent surfactant materials selected from soaps, non-soap
anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic and amphoteric synthetic and natural
detergent surfactants which are not softeners. Not included by this
definition are the fatty acids which are fabric softeners, contrary to said
soaps components which do not have fabric softener properties.
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Soaps and non-soaps anionic materials are the linear and branched primary
alkyl sulfates, alkyl ethoxysulfates, fatty oleyl glycerol sulfates, alkyl
phenol ethylene oxide ether sulfates, the C5-C17 acyl-N-(C1-C4 alkyl) and -
N-tC1-C2 hydroxyalkyl) glucamine sulfates, and sulfates of
alkylpolysaccharides; anionic sulfonate surfactants such as the salts of
C5-C20 linear alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkyl ester sulfonates, C6-C22
primary or secondary alkane sulfonates, C6-C24 olefin sulfonates,
sulfonated polycarboxylic acids, alkyl glycerol sulfonates, fatty acyl or oleyl
glycerol sulfonates, alkyl ethoxy carboxvlates, and the alkali metal
sarcosinates.
Nonionic detergent materials are the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides,
polyethylene, polypropylene, and polybutylene oxide condensates of alkyl
phenols; alkyl ethoxylate condensation products of aliphatic alcohols with
from about 1 to about 25 moles of ethylene oxide; ethoxylated C6-C1g
fatty alcohols and C6-C1g mixed ethoxylated/propoxylated fatty alcohols;
alkylpolysaccharides and the fatty acid amides.
Zwiterrionic and amphoteric materials are the amine oxides, the alkyl
amphocarboxylic acids, the betaines such as coconut
acylamidopropyldimethyl betaine and hexadecyl dimethyl betaine.
Additional comconents
The composition may also optionally contain additional components such
as additional fabric softener materials, electrolyte concentration aids,
stabilisers, such as well known antioxidants and reductive agents, soil
release polymers, bacteriocides, colorants, perfumes, preservatives, optical
brighteners, anti ionisation agents, antifoam agents and chelating agents.
Additional fabric softener materials
Additiona! fabric softening materials may be used in addition to the di-long
chain cationic fabric softener. When used, such additional fabric softening
materials will typically be present in an amount of from 0 to 15 % by
SUBSTITUTE SIIEE~ ~UIE 26~
. .
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weight of the composition. Such materials are the single long chain alkyl
cationic softeners and/or the fatty acids.
Single long chain alkvl cationic softeners
Such mono-long-chain-alkyl cationic softeners suitable for use herein are,
preferably, quaternary ammonium salts of the general formula:
[R2N + R3] X~
wherein the R2 group is C10-c22 hydrocarbon group, preferably C12-C1g
alkyl group of the corresponding ester linkage interrupted group with a
short alkylene (C1-C4) group between the ester linkage and the N, and
having a similar hydrocarbon group, e.g., a fatty acid ester of choline,
preferably C12-C14 ~coco) choline ester and/or C16-C1g tallow choline
ester at from 0.1% to 20% by weight of the softener active. Each R3 is a
C1-C4 alkyl or substituted (e.g., hydroxy) alkyl, or hydrogen, preferably
methyl, and the counterion X~ is a softener compatible anion, for example,
chloride, bromide, methyl sulfate, etc.
Other cationic materials with ring structures such as alkyl imidazoline,
imidazolinium, pyridine, and pyridinium salts having a single C12-C30 alkyl
chain can also be used. Very low pH is required to stabilize, e.g.,
imidazoline ring structures.
Some alkyl imidazolinium salts and their imidazoline precursors useful in the
present invention have the general formula:
CH2 CH2
N~ ,N C2H4--Y--R X
R
R8
wherein y2 is -C(O)-O-, -O-(O)C-, -C(o)-N(R5)-, or-N(R5)-C(O)- in which R5
is hydrogen or a C1-C4 alkyl radical; R6 is a C1-C4 alkyl radical or H (for
imidazoline precursors); R7 and R8 are each independently selected from
R3 and R2 as defined hereinbefore for the single-long-chain cationic
surfactant with only one being R2.
SUBSTI~U~E S~ UIE 211)
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Some alkyl pyridinium salts useful in the present invention have the general
formula:
R--N\~3 X
wherein R2 and X- are as defined above. A typical material of this type is
cetyl pyridinium chloride.
Fatty acids
Suitable fatty acids include those containing from 10 to 25, preferably from
12 to 25 total carbon atoms, with the fatty moiety containing from 10 to
22, preferably from 16 to 22, carbon atoms. The shorter moiety contains
from 1 to 4, preferably from 1 to 2 carbon atoms. The level of unsaturation
of the tallow chain can be measured by the lodine Value (IV) of the
corresponding fatty acid, which in the present case should preferably be in
the range of from 5 to 100, more preferably in the range of from 0 to 25.
Specific examples of fatty acid compounds suitable for use in the liquid
fabric softening compositions herein include compounds selected from
lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, behenicacid, oleic acid, coconut fatty acid, tallow fatty acid, partially hydrogenated
tallow fatty acid and mixtures thereof. A most preferred fatty acid
compound is tallow fatty acid with an lodine Value (IV) of 18.
When the above mentioned fatty acids are used, the fatty acid will be
present in a weight ratio of said cationic fabric softening agents having di-
long chains to said fatty acid compounds of from 25:1 to 6.5:1, more
preferably from 20:1 to 10:1 and most preferably from 20:1 to 15:1.
Indeed, if used outside of these ratios, the resulting product will tend to
exhibit phase instability and/or viscosity problems.
SUBSTITUTE SIIET ~ULE 20)
, . .. . .. .. ..... , . ~ ..
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Electrolyte Concentration Aids
Inorganic viscosity control agents which can also act like or augment the
effect of the surfactant concentration aids, include water-soluble, ionizable
salts which can also optionally be incorporated into the compositions of the
present invention. Incorporation of these components to the composition
must be processed at a very slow rate.
A wide variety of ionizable salts can be used. Examples of suitable salts are
the halides of the Group IA and IIA metals of the Periodic Table of the
Elements, e.g., calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium chloride,
potassium bromide, and lithium chloride. The ionizable salts are particularly
useful during the process of mixing the ingredients to make the
compositions herein, and later to obtain the desired viscosity. The amount
of ionizable salts used depends on the amount of active ingredients used in
the compositions and can be adjusted according to the desires of the
formulator. Typical levels of salts used to control the composition viscosity
are from 20 to 20,000 parts per million (ppm), preferably from 20 to
11,000 ppm, by weight of the composition.
Alkylene polyammonium salts can be incorporated into the composition togive viscosity control in addition to or in place of the water-soluble,
ionizable salts above. In addition, these agents can act as scavengers,
forming ion pairs with anionic detergent carried over from the main wash,
in the rinse, and on the fabrics, and may improve softness performance.
These agents may stabilise the viscosity over a broader range of
temperature, especially at low temperatures, compared to the inorganic
electrolytes. Specific examples of alkylene polyammonium salts include L-
lysine monohydrochloride and 1,5-diammonium 2-methyl pentane
dihydrochloride .
Another ingredient is a liquid carrier. Suitable liquid carriers are selected
from water, organic solvents and mixtures thereof. The liquid carrier
employed in the instant compositions is preferably at least primarily water
due to its low cost relative availability, safety, and environmental
compatibility. The level of water in the liquid carrier is preferably at least
SU08TITUTE $1EET ~UlE 2~)
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50%, most preferably at least 60%, by weight of the carrier. Mixtures of
water and low molecular weight, e.g., <200, organic solvent, e.g., lower
alcohol such as ethanol, propanol, isopropanol or butanol are useful as the
carrier liquid. Low molecular weight alcohols include monohydric, dihydric
- (glycol, etc.) trihydric (glycerol, etc.), and higher polyhydric (polyols)
alcohols .
Form of the com~osition
The fabric softening composition can take a variety of physical forms
including liquid such as aqueous or non-aqueous compositions.
Such compositions may be used as a rinse added product, or as a spray or
foam product. Preferably, the present composition is in a rinse added form.
The compositions of the invention can be added directly in the rinse both
to provide adequate usage concentration, e.g., at least 50 ppm and more
preferably from 100 to 10,000 ppm of the liquid rinse added fabric
softener compositions of the present invention.
Accordingly, a method is provided for treating fabrics comprising
contacting said fabrics in the rinse cycle with an aqueous medium
containing at least 50 ppm, preferably from 100 to 10,000 ppm of the
liquid fabric softening composition of the invention.
Process
The fabric softening composition can conveniently be made according to
well- known processes to the skilled person. An exemplary disclosure is
given in EP-A-0,668,902.
,
The invention is illustrated in the following non-limiting examples, in which
all percentages are on a weight basis unless otherwise stated.
81B8TITUTE SIIEE~ ~UILE 2e)
. = . ... .. . ... ... . ........ ...... . .... ... . . ... .
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14
In the examples, the abbreviated component identifications have the
following meanings:
DEQA : Di-ltallowoyl-oxy-ethyl) dimethyl ammonium chloride
Fatty acid : Stearic acid of IV=18
Electrolyte : Calcium chloride
PEG : Polyethylene Glycol MW 4000
Example 1
The following fabric softening composition according to the present
invention was prepared:
Component A
DEQA 1 9.0
Hydrochlorid acid 0.02
Soil Release Polymer 0.2
PEG 0 . 6
Perfume 1.0
Electrolyte 1 200ppm
Dye 50ppm
Sandofix TPS 5 .0
Water and minors to balance to
100%
Example 2
T~he following fabric softening compositions are in accordance with theinvention:
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Component B C D
DEQA 2. 6 2.9 18 .0
Fatty acid 0.3 - 1.0
Hydrochlorid acid 0.02 0.02 0.02
Soil Release Polymer - - 0.2
PEG - - O. 6
Perfume 1.0 0.5 1.0
Electrolyte - - 600ppm
Dye 1 Oppm 1 Oppm 50ppm
Sandofix TPS 1.6 1.6 5.0
Water and minors ~o balance to 100%
TITUTE SIE~ ~UIE 26)
