Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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CLEANSING PRODUCTS
Y
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a substantially dry, disposable, personal
cleansing product
useful for both cleansing and conditioning the skin or hair. These products
are used by the consumer
by wetting the dry product with water. The product comprises a water insoluble
substrate, a
lathering surfactant, and a water soluble conditioning agent.
Use of the substrate enhances lathering at low surfactant levels, increases
cleansing and
exfoliation, and optimizes delivery and deposition of conditioning
ingredients. As a result) this
invention provides effective cleansing using low, and hence Less irritating,
levels of surfactant while
providing superior conditioning benefits.
The invention also encompasses products comprising various active ingredients
for delivery
to the skin or hair.
The invention also encompasses a method for cleansing and moisturizing the
skin and hair
using the products of the present invention and also to methods for
manufacturing these products.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Personal cleansing products have traditionally been marketed in a variety of
forms such as
bar soaps, creams, lotions, and gels. These cleansing formulations have
attempted to satisfy a
number of criteria to be acceptable to consumers. These criteria include
cleansing effectiveness, skin
feel, mildness to skin, hair, and ocular mucosae, and lather volume. Ideal
personal cleansers should
gently cleanse the skin or hair, cause little or no irritation, and not leave
the skin or hair overly dry
after frequent use.
However, these traditional forms of personal cleansing products have the
inherent problem
of balancing cleansing efficacy against delivering a conditioning benefit. One
solution to this
problem is to use separate cleansing and conditioning products. However, this
is not always
convenient or practical and many consumers would prefer to use a single
product which can both
cleanse and condition the skin or hair. In a typical cleansing composition the
conditioning
ingredients are di~cult to formulate because many conditioners are
incompatible with the
surfactants, resulting in an undesirable non-homogenous mixture. To obtain a
homogeneous mixture
with conditioning ingredients, and to prevent the loss of conditioning
ingredients before deposition,
additional ingredients, e.g. emulsifiers, thickeners, and geilants are often
added to suspend the
conditioning ingredients within the surfactant mixture. This results in an
aesthetically pleasing
homogenous mixture, but often results in poor deposition of conditioning
ingredients, because the
conditioners are emulsified and not efficiently released during cleansing.
Also, many conditioning
1 17
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agents have the disadvantage of suppressing lather generation. Lather
suppression is a problem
because many consumers seek cleansing products that provide a rich, creamy,
and generous lather.
Therefore, it is seen that conventional cleansing products which attempt to
combine
surfactants and conditioning ingredients suffer from disadvantages inherently
resulting from the
S incompatibilities of surfactants and conditioners. A need clearly exists to
develop cleansing systems
which provide effective cleansing and yet provide sufficient conditioning in a
single product.
It is also highly desirable to deliver cleansing and conditioning benefits
from a disposable,
single use product. Disposable products are convenient because they obviate
the need to carry
cumbersome bottles, bars, jars, tubes, and other forms of both cleansing and
conditioning products.
Disposable products are also a more sanitary alternative to the use of a
sponge, washcloth, or other
cleansing implement intended for multiple reuse, because such implements
develop bacterial growth,
unpleasant odors, and other undesirable characteristics related to repeated
use.
It has been surprisingly found in the present invention that products can be
developed to
provide effective cleansing and conditioning in a convenient, inexpensive, and
sanitary disposable
personal cleansing product. The present invention provides the convenience of
not needing to use .
both a separate cleansing and conditioning product. The present invention is
highly convenient to
use because it is in the form of a substantially dry product that is wetted
before use.
The present invention relates to a dry, disposable, personal cleansing product
useful for both
cleansing and conditioning the skin or hair. These products are used by the
consumer by wetting the
dry product with water. The product consists of a water insoluble substrate, a
surfactant, and a
conditioner. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that the
substrate enhances lathering at
low surfactant levels) increases cleansing and exfoliation, and optimizes
delivery and deposition of
the conditioning ingredients. As a result, this invention provides effective
cleansing using low, and
hence less irritating, levels of surfactant while providing superior
conditioning benefits. It has also
been found that these products are useful for delivering a wide range of
active ingredients to the skin
or hair during the cleansing process.
It is therefore, an object of the present invention to provide substantially
dry products for
both cleansing and conditioning the skin or hair wherein the products are used
in combination with
water.
It is another object of the present invention to provide products comprising a
water
insoluble substrate) a surfactant, and a conditioner component.
It is another object of the present invention to provide products which are
disposable and
intended for single use.
It is another object of the present invention to provide products which are
mild to the skin or
hair.
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It is another object of the present invention to provide products useful for
delivering active
ingredients to the skin or hair during the cleansing and conditioning process.
tt is another object of the present invention to provide methods of cleansing
and
conditioning the skin or hair.
~ 5 It is another object of the present invention to provide methods of
manufacturing the
products of the present invention.
These and other objects of this invention will become apparent in light of the
following
disclosure.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a disposable, single use personal care
cleansing and
conditioning product comprising:
(A) a water insoluble substrate,
(B) a lathering surfactant, and
(C) a water soluble conditioning agent,
wherein the weight ratio of the lathering surfactant to the water soluble
conditioning agent is less
than about 8:1, and wherein said product is substantially dry.
In further embodiments, the present invention relates to a disposable) single
use personal
care cleansing and conditioning product comprising:
(A) a water insoluble substrate) and
(B) a cleansing and conditioning composition comprising:
(i) a lathering surfactant, and
(ii) a water soluble conditioning agent,
wherein said lathering surfactant and said water soluble conditioning agent
are separately or
simultaneously added onto or impregnated into said water insoluble substrate,
and wherein the
weight ratio of the lathering surfactant to the water soluble conditioning
agent is less than about 8:1,
and wherein said product is substantially dry.
In further embodiments, the present invention relates to a method of
manufacturing a
disposable, single use personal care cleansing and conditioning product
comprising the step of
separately or simultaneously adding onto or impregnating into a water
insoluble substrate
{A) a lathering surfactant, and
(B) a water soluble conditioning agent,
wherein the weight ratio of the lathering surfactant to the water soluble
conditioning agent is less
than about 8: i) and wherein said resulting product is substantially dry.
In further embodiments, the present invention relates to methods for cleansing
and
conditioning the skin or hair with the personal cleansing products described
herein.
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In even further embodiments) the present invention relates to methods of
depositing
conditioning agents to the skin or hair.
A11 percentages and ratios used herein, unless otherwise indicated, are by
weight and all
measurements made are at 25~C, unless otherwise designated. The invention
hereof can comprise,
consist of, or consist essentially of, the essential as well as optional
ingredients and components
described therein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The personal cleansing products of the present invention are highly
efficacious for cleansing
the skin or hair) yet, provide effective deposition of conditioning agents.
The products can also
contain other active ingredients to be deposited onto the skin or hair.
Without being limited by theory it is believed that the substrate
significantly contributes to
generation of lather and deposition of conditioning agents and any other
active ingredients. It is
believed that this increase in lathering is the result of the surface action
of the substrate. As a resuk,
milder and significantly lower amounts of surfactants may be employed. The
decreased amount of
required surfactant is believed to relate to the decrease in the drying effect
of the skin or hair by the
surfactants. Furthermore, the decreased amount of surfactant dramatically
lowers the inhibitory
action (e.g., via emulsification or direct removal by the surfactants) of
surfactants to deposition of
conditioning agents.
Without being limited by theory, the substrate also enhances deposition of
conditioning
agents and active ingredients. Since the invention is in dry form, the
invention does not require
emulsifiers, which inhibit deposition of conditioning agents and active
ingredients. Furthermore,
because the skin conditioners and active ingredients are dried onto or
impregnated into the substrate,
they are transferred directly to the skin or hair by surface contact of the
wetted product to the skin.
Finally, the substrate also enhances cleansing. The substrate can have
differing textures on
each side, e.g. a rough side and a smooth side. The substrate acts as an
efficient lathering and
exfoliating implement. By physically coming into contact with the skin or
hair, the substrate
significantly aids in cleansing and removal of dirt, makeup, dead skin, and
other debris.
By a "lathering surfactant" is meant a surfactant, which when combined with
water and
mechanically agitated generates a foam or lather. Preferably, these
surfactants should be mild, which
means that these surfactants provide sufficient cleansing or detersive
benefits but do not overly dry
the skin or hair, and yet meet the lathering criteria described above.
The terms "disposable" or "single use", are used herein in their ordinary
sense to mean a
product that is disposed or discarded after one usage event.
The term "water-activated," as used herein, means that the present invention
is presented to
the consumer in dry form to be used after wetting with water. It is found that
these products produce
a lather or are "activated" upon contact with water and further agitation.
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The term "substantially dry" as used herein means that the product is
substantially free of
water and generally feels dry to the touch. The products of the present
invention comprise less than
- about 10% by weight of water) preferably less than about 5% by weight of
water, and more
preferably less than about I % by weight of water, the forgoing measured in a
dry environment, e.g.,
5 low humidity. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize that the
water content of a product
such as in the present invention can vary with the relative humidity of the
environment.
The term "mild" as used herein in reference to the lathering surfactants and
products of the
present invention means that the products of the present invention demonstrate
skin mildness
comparable to a mild alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate (AGS} surfactant based
synthetic bar, i.e. synbar.
Methods for measuring mildness) or inversely the irritancy, of surfactant
containing products, are
based on a skin barrier destruction test. In this test) the milder the
surfactant, the lesser the skin
barrier is destroyed. Skin barrier destruction is measured by the relative
amount of radio-labeled
(tritium labeled) water (3H-H20) which passes from the test solution through
the skin epidermis into
the physiological buffer contained in the diffusate chamber. This test is
described by T.J. Franz in
the J. Invest. Dermatol., 1975) 64) pp. 190-195; and in U.S. Patent No.
4,673,525, to Smafl et al.,
issued June 16, 1987, which are both incorporated by reference herein in their
entirety. Other testing
methodologies for determining surfactant mildness well known to one skilled
irt the art can also be
used.
The personal care products of the present invention comprise the following
essential
components. The composition which is either impregnated into or applied onto
the substrate consists
essentially of one or more surfactants and one or more conditioning agents.
Additional active
ingredients can also be included within the composition. An alternative,
preferred method is to apply
each ingredient separately to the substrate.
WATER INSOLUBLE SUBSTRATE
The products of the present invention comprise a water insoluble substrate. By
"water
insoluble" is meant that the substrate does not dissolve in or readily break
apart upon immersion in
water. The water insoluble substrate is the implement or vehicle for
delivering the lathering
surfactant and the conditioning component of the present invention to the skin
or hair to be cleansed
and conditioned. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that the
substrate, by providing
mechanical agitation provides a lather generating effect and also aids in the
deposition of the
conditioning component.
,A wide variety of materials can be used as the substrate. The following
nonlimiting
characteristics are desirable: (i) sufficient wet strength for use, {ii)
sufficient abrasivity,
(iii) sufficient loft and porosity, (iv) sufficient thickness, and (v)
appropriate size.
Nonlimiting examples of suitable insoluble substrates which meet the above
criteria include
nonwoven substrates, woven substrates, hydroentangled substrates, air
entangled substrates, natural
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sponges, synthetic sponges, polymeric netted meshes, and the like. Preferred
embodiments employ
nonwoven substrates since they are economical and readily available in a
variety of materials. By
nonwoven is meant that the layer is comprised of fibers which are not woven
into a fabric but rather
are formed into a sheet, mat, or pad layer. The fibers can either be random
(i.e., randomly aligned)
or they can be carded (i.e. combed to be oriented in primarily one direction).
Furthermore, the
nonwoven substrate can be composed of a combination of layers of random and
carded fibers.
Nonwoven substrates may be comprised of a variety of materials both natural
and synthetic.
By natural is meant that the materials are derived from plants, animals,
insects or byproducts of
plants, animals, and insects. By synthetic is meant that the materials are
obtained primarily from
various man-made materials or from natural materials which have been further
altered. The
conventional base starting material is usually a fibrous web comprising any of
the common synthetic
or natural textile-length fibers, or mixtures thereof.
Nonlimiting examples of natural materials useful in the present invention are
silk f tiers,
keratin fibers and cellulosic fibers. Nonlimiting examples of keratin fibers
include those selected
from the group consisting of wool fibers, camel hair fibers, and the like.
Nonlimiting examples of
cellulosic fibers include those selected from the group consisting of wood
pulp fibers, cotton fibers,
hemp fibers, jute fibers) flax fibers) and mixtures thereof.
Nonlimiting examples of synthetic materials useful in the present invention
include those
selected from the group consisting of acetate fibers, acrylic fibers,
cellulose ester fibers, modacrylic
fibers) polyamide fibers) polyester fibers, polyolefm fibers) polyvinyl
alcohol fibers, rayon fibers,
polyurethane foam, and mixtures thereof. Examples of some of these synthetic
materials include
acrylics such as acrilan, creslan, and the acrylonitrile-based fiber, orlon;
cellulose ester fibers such as
cellulose acetate, arnel, and acele; polyamides such as nylons (e.g., nylon 6,
nylon 66, nylon 610, and
the like); polyesters such as fortrel, kodel, and the polyethylene
terephthalate fiber, dacron;
polyolefins such as polypropylene, polyethylene; polyvinyl acetate fibers;
polyurethane foams and
mixtures thereof. These and other suitable fibers and the nonwoven materials
prepared therefrom are
generally described in Riedel, "Nonwoven Bonding Methods and Materials,"
Nonwoven World
( 1987); The Encyclopedia Americana, vol. 11, pp. I47-! 53, and vol. 26, pp.
566-581 ( 1984); U.S.
Patent No. 4,891,227, to Thaman et al., issued January 2, 1990; and U.S.
Patent No. 4,891,228 which
are ail incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
Nonwoven substrates made from natural materials consist of webs or sheets most
commonly
formed on a fine wire screen from a liquid suspension of the fibers. See C.A.
Hampel et al., The
Encyclopedia of Chemistry, third edition, l973, pp. 793-795 (1973); The
Encvclooedia Americana,
vol. 21, pp. 376-383 ( 1984); and G.A. Smook, Handbook of Pulp and Paper
Technologies, Technical
Association for the Pulp and Paper Industry ( 1986); which are incorporated by
reference herein in
their entirety.
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Substrates made from natural materials useful in the present invention can be
obtained from
a wide variety of commercial sources. Nonlimiting examples of suitable
commercially available
paper layers useful herein include AirtexR, an embossed airlaid cellulosic
layer having a base weight
of about 71 gsy, available from lames River, Green Bay, W1; and WaikisoftR, an
embossed airlaid
cellulosic having a base weight of about 75 gsy, available from Walkisoft
U.S.A.) Mount Holly, NC.
Methods of making nonwoven substrates are well known in the art. Generally,
these
nonwoven substrates can be made by air-laying, water-laying, meltblowing,
coforming,
spunbonding, or carding processes in which the fibers or filaments are first
cut to desired lengths
from long strands, passed into a water or air stream, and then deposited onto
a screen through which
the fiber-laden air or water is passed. The resulting layer, regardless of its
method of production or
composition, is then subjected to at least one of several types of bonding
operations to anchor the
individual fibers together to form a self sustaining web. In the present
invention the nonwoven layer
can be prepared by a variety of processes including hydroentanglement,
thermally bonding or
thermo-bonding, and combinations of these processes. Moreover) the substrates
of the present
invention can consist of a single layer or multiple layers. In addition, a
multilayered substrate can
include films and other nonfibrous materials.
Nonwoven substrates made from synthetic materials useful in the present
invention can also
be obtained from a wide variety of commercial sources. Nonlimiting examples of
suitable nonwoven
layer materials useful herein include HEF 40-047, an apertured hydroentangled
material containing
about 50% rayon and 50% polyester, and having a basis weight of about 43 grams
per square yard
(gsy), available from Veratec, Inc., Walpole) MA; HEF 140-102, an apertured
hydroentangled
material containing about 50% rayon and SO% polyester) and having a basis
weight of about 56 gsy,
available from Veratec, Inc., Walpole, MA; NovonetR 149-616, a thenmo-bonded
grid patterned
material containing about 100% polypropylene, and having a basis weight of
about 50 gsy, available
from Veratec, Inc., Walpoie, MA; NovonetR 149-801, a thermo-bonded grid
patterned material
containing about 69% rayon, about 25% polypropylene, and about 6% cotton) and
having a basis
weight of about 75 gsy, available from Veratec, Inc. Walpole, MA; NovonetR I49-
I 91 ) a thermo-
bonded grid patterned material containing about 69% rayon, about 25%
polypropylene) and about
6% cotton, and having a basis weight of about l00 gsy, available from Veratec,
Inc. Walpole, MA;
HEF NubtexR 149-801, a nubbed, apertured hydroentangled material, containing
about 100%
polyester, and having a basis weight of about 70 gsy) available from Veratec,
Inc. Walpole, MA;
KeybakR 951 V, a dry formed apertured material, containing about 75% rayon,
about 25% acrylic
fibers, and having a basis weight of about 43 gsy, available from Chicopee,
New Brunswick, NJ;
KeybakR 1368, an apertured material, containing about 75% rayon, about 25%
polyester, and having
a basis weight of about 39 gsy, available from Chicopee, New Brunswick, NJ;
DuralaceR 1236, an
apertured, hydroentangled material, containing about 100% rayon, and having a
basis weight from
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about 40 gsy to about l 15 gsy, available from Chicopee, New Brunswick, NJ;
DuralaceR 5904, an
apertured, hydroentangled material, containing about I00% polyester, and
having a basis weight
from about 40 gsy to about 115 gsy, available from Chicopee, New Brunswick,
NJ; Sontaro 8868, a
hydroentangled material, containing about 50% cellulose and about 50%
polyester, and having a
basis weight of about 60 gsy) available from Dupont Chemical Corp.
Alternatively, the water insoluble substrate can be a polymeric mesh sponge as
described in
European Patent No. EP 702550 A 1 published March 27, 199b, incorporated by
reference herein in
its entirety. The polymeric sponge comprises a plurality of plies of an
extruded tubular netting mesh
prepared from a strong flexible polymer, such as addition polymers of olefin
monomers and
polyamides of polycarboxylic acids. Although these polymeric sponges are
designed to be used in
conjunction with a liquid cleanser, these types of sponges can be used as the
water insoluble
substrate in the present invention.
The substrate can be made into a wide variety of shapes and forms including
flat pads, thick
pads, thin sheets, ball-shaped implements, irregularly shaped implements, and
having sizes ranging
from a surface area of about a square inch to about hundreds of square inches.
The exact size will
depend upon the desired use and product characteristics. Especially convenient
are square, circular,
rectangular, or oval pads having a surface area of from about 1 in2 to about
144 in2, preferably from
about 10 in2 to about I20 in2, and more preferably from about 30 in2 to about
80 in2, and a thickness
of from about 1 mil to about 500 mil, preferably from about 5 mil to about 250
mil, and more
preferably from about 10 mil to about 100 mil.
The water insoluble substrates of the present invention can comprise two or
more layers,
each having different textures and abrasiveness. The differing textures can
result from the use of
different combinations of materials or from the use of different manufacturing
processes or a
combination thereof. A dual textured substrate can be made to provide the
advantage of having a
more abrasive side for exfoliation and a softer, absorbent side for gentle
cleansing. In addition,
separate layers of the substrate can be manufactured to have different colors,
thereby helping the user
to further distinguish the surfaces.
LATHERING SURFACTANT
The products of the present invention comprise from about 0.5% to about 12.5%,
preferably
. from about 0.75% to about 1 I %, and more preferably from about 1 % to about
I 0%, based on the
weight of the water insoluble substrate, of a lathering surfactant.
By a lathering surfactant is meant a surfactant, which when combined with
water and
mechanically agitated generates a foam or lather. Preferably, these
surfactants or combinations of
surfactants should be mild, which means that these surfactants provide
sufficient cleansing or
detersive benefits but do not overly dry the skin or hair, and yet meet the
lathering criteria described
above.
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A wide variety of lathering surfactants are useful herein and include those
selected from the
group consisting of anionic lathering surfactants, nonionic lather
surfactants, amphotheric lathering
- surfactants, and mixtures thereof. Cationic surfactants can also be used as
optional components,
provided they do not negatively impact the overall lathering characteristics
of the required, lathering
surfactants.
Anionic Lathering Surfactants
Noniimiting examples of anionic lathering surfactants useful in the
compositions of the
present invention are disclosed in McCutcheon's, Detergents and Emulsifiers,
North American
edition { 1986), published by allured Publishing Corporation; McCutcheon's,
Functional Materials,
North American Edition ( 1992); and U.S. Patent No. 3,929,678, to Laughlin et
al., issued December
30, 1975 all of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
A wide variety of anionic lathering surfactants are useful herein. Nonlimiting
examples of
anionic lathering surfactants include those selected from the group consisting
of sarcosinates,
sulfates, isethionates, taurates, phosphates) and mixtures thereof. Amongst
the isethionates, the
alkoyl isethionates are preferred, and amongst the sulfates) the alkyl and
alkyl ether sulfates are
preferred. The aikoyl isethionates typically have the formula RCO-OCH2CH2S03M
wherein R is
alkyl or alkenyi of from about 10 to about 30 carbon atoms, and M is a water-
soluble ration such as
ammonium, sodium, potassium and triethanolamine. Nonlimiting examples of these
isethionates
include those alkoyl isethionates selected from the group consisting of
ammonium cocoyl
isethionate) sodium cocoyl isethionate, sodium lauroyl isethionate, and
mixtures thereof.
The alkyl and alkyl ether sulfates typically have the respective formulae
ROS03M and
RO(C2H40)xS03M, wherein R is alkyl or alkenyl of from about 10 to about 30
carbon atoms, x is
from about 1 to about 10, and M is a water-soluble ration such as ammonium,
sodium, potassium
and triethanolamine. Another suitable class of anionic surfactants are the
water-soluble salts of the
organic, sulfuric acid reaction products of the general formula:
R 1 _.503__M
wherein R1 is chosen from the group consisting of a straight or branched
chairs, saturated aliphatic
hydrocarbon radical having from about 8 to about 24, preferably about 10 to
about 16, carbon atoms;
and M is a ration. Still other anionic synthetic surfactants include the class
designated as
succinamates, olefin suifonates having about 12 to about 24 carbon atoms, and
b-alkyloxy alkane
sulfonates. Examples of these materials are sodium lauryl sulfate and ammonium
lauryl sulfate.
Other anionic materials include the sarcosinates) nonlimiting examples of
which include
sodium lauroyi sarcosinate, sodium cocoyl sarcosinate, and ammonium iauroyl
sarcosinate.
Other anionic materials useful herein are soaps (i.e. alkali metal salts,
e.g., sodium or
potassium salts) of fatty acids, typically having from about 8 to about 24
carbon atoms, preferably
from about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms. The fatty acids used in making the
soaps can be obtained
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from natural sources such as, for instance, plant or animal-derived glycerides
(e.g., palm oil) coconut
oil, soybean oil, castor oil, tallow) lard) etc.) The fatty acids can also be
synthetically prepared.
Soaps are described in more detail in U.S. Patent No. 4,557,853, cited above.
Other anionic materials include phosphates such as monoalkyl, dialkyl, and
5 trialkylphosphate salts.
Other anionic materials include alkanoyl sarcosinates corresponding to the
formula
RCON(CH3)CH2CH2C02M wherein R is alkyl or alkenyl of about 10 to about 20
carbon atoms,
and M is a water-soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium and
triaikanolamine (e.g.,
triethanolamine), a preferred example of which is sodium lauroyl sarcosinate.
10 Also useful are taurates which are based on taurine, which is also known as
2-
aminoethanesulfonic acid. Examples of taurates include N-alkyltaurines such as
the one prepared by
reacting dodecyiamine with sodium isethionate according to the teaching of
U.S. Patent 2,658,072
which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Nonlimiting examples of preferred anionic lathering surfactants useful herein
include those
l5 selected from the group consisting of sodium lauryl sulfate, ammonium
lauryl sulfate, ammonium
laureth sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, sodium trideceth sulfate, ammonium
cetyl sulfate, sodium
cetyl sulfate, sodium stearyl sulfate, ammonium cocoyl isethionate) sodium
lauroyl isethionate,
sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, and mixtures thereof.
Especially preferred for use herein is ammonium lauryl sulfate and ammonium
laureth
sulfate.
Nonionic Lathering Surfactants
Nonlimiting examples of nonionic lathering surfactants for use in the
compositions of the
present invention are disclosed in McCutcheon's, Detergents and Emulsifiers,
North American
edition ( 1986), published by allured Publishing Corporation; and
McCutcheon's, Functional
Materials, North American Edition ( 1992); both of which are incorporated by
reference herein in
their entirety.
Nonionic lathering surfactants useful herein include those selected from the
group
consisting of alkyl glucosides, alkyl polyglucosides, polyhydroxy fatty acid
amides, alkoxylated
fatty acid esters, sucrose esters, amine oxides, and mixtures thereof.
Alkyl glucosides and alkyl poiyglucosides are useful herein, and can be
broadly defined as
condensation products of long chain alcohols) e.g. C8-30 alcohols, with sugars
or starches or sugar
or starch polymers, i.e., glycosides or polyglycosides. These compounds can be
represented by the
formula (S)n O-R wherein S is a sugar moiety such as glucose, fructose,
mannose, and galactose; n
is an integer of from about 1 to about 1000, and R is a C8-30 alkyl group.
Examples of long chain
alcohols from which the alkyl group can be derived include decyl alcohol,
cetyl alcohol, stearyl
alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, and the like.
Preferred examples of these
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m
surfactants include those wherein S is a glucose moiety) R is a C8-20 alkyl
group, and n is an integer
of from about 1 to about 9. Commercially available examples of these
surfactants include decyl
polyglucoside (available as APG 325 CS from Henkei) and lauryl polyglucoside
(available as APG
600CS and 625 CS from Henkel). Also useful are sucrose ester surfactants such
as sucrose cocoate
and sucrose iaurate.
Other useful nonionic surfactants include polyhydroxy fatty acid amide
surfactants, more
specific examples of which include giucosarnides, corresponding to the
structural formula:
R2 C N
to
wherein: R1 is H, C 1-C4 alkyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxy- propyl, preferably
C 1-C4 alkyl, more
preferably methyl or ethyl, most preferably methyl; R2 is C5-C31 alkyl or
alkenyl, preferably
C~ C 19 alkyl or alkenyl) more preferably C9 C 17 alkyl or aikenyl, most
preferably C 11-C I 5 alkyl
or alkenyl; and Z is a polhydroxyhydrocarbyl moiety having a linear
hydrocarbyl chain with a least 3
hydroxyls directly connected to the chain) or an alkoxylated derivative
(preferably ethoxylated or
propoxylated) thereof. Z preferably is a sugar moiety selected from the group
consisting of glucose,
fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose, xylose, and mixtures thereof.
An especially preferred
surfactant corresponding to the above structure is coconut alkyl N-methyl
glucoside amide (i.e.,
wherein the R2C0- moiety is derived from coconut oil fatty acids). Processes
for making
compositions containing polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are disclosed, for
example, in G.B. Patent
Specification 809,060) published February l8, l959, by Thomas Hedley & Co.,
Ltd.; U.S. Patent
No. 2,965,576, to E.R. Wilson, issued December 20, 1960; U.S. Patent No.
2,703,798, to A.M.
Schwartz, issued March 8, 1955; and U.S. Patent No. I,985,424, to Piggott,
issued December 25,
1934; which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
Other examples of nonionic surfactants include amine oxides. Amine oxides
correspond to
the general formula RtR2R3N0, wherein R~ contains an alkyl, atkenyl or
monohydroxy alkyl radical
of from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, from 0 to about 10 ethylene oxide
moieties, and from 0 to
about I glyceryl moiety, and R2 and R3 contain from about 1 to about 3 carbon
atoms and from 0 to
about 1 hydroxy group, e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, hydroxyethyl, or
hydroxypropyl radicals. The
arrow in the formula is a conventional representation of a semipolar bond.
Examples of amine
oxides suitable for use in this invention include dimethyl-dodecylamine oxide,
oleyldi(2-
hydroxyethyl) amine oxide, dimethyloctylamine oxide, dimethyl-decylamine
oxide, dimethy!-
tetradecylamine oxide, 3,6,9-trioxaheptadecyldiethylamine oxide, di(2-
hydroxyethyl}-
i~
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12
tetradecylamine oxide, 2-dodecoxyethyldimethylamine oxide, 3-dodecoxy-2-
hydroxypropyldi(3-
hydroxypropyl)amine oxide, dimethylhexadecylamine oxide.
Nonlimiting examples of preferred nonionic surfactants for use herein are
those selected
form the group consisting of C8-C 14 glucose amides, C8-C l4 alkyl
polyglucosides, sucrose cocoate)
sucrose laurate, lauramine oxide, cocoamine oxide, and mixtures thereof.
Amohoteric Latherine Surfactants
The term "amphoteric lathering surfactant," as used herein, is also intended
to encompass
zwitterionic surfactants, which are well known to formulators skilled in the
art as a subset of
amphoteric surfactants.
A wide variety of amphoteric lathering surfactants can be used in the
compositions of the
present invention. Particularly useful are those which are broadly described
as derivatives of
aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines, preferably wherein the nitrogen is in
a cationic state, in
which the aliphatic radicals can be straight or branched chain and wherein one
of the radicals
contains an ionizable water solubilizing group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate,
sulfate, phosphate, or
phosphonate.
Nonlimiting examples of amphoteric surfactants useful in the compositions of
the present
invention are disclosed in McCutcheon's, Detereents and Emulsifiers) North
American edition
( I986), published by allured Publishing Corporation; and McCutcheon's,
Functional Materials,
North American Edition ( 1992); both of which are incorporated by reference
herein in their entirety.
Nonlimiting examples of amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants are those
selected from the
group consisting of betaines, sultaines, hydroxysultaines, alkyliminoacetates,
iminodialkanoates,
aminoaikanoates, and mixtures thereof.
Examples of betaenes include the higher alkyl betaines, such as coco dimethyl
carboxymethyl betaine, iauryl dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl
alphacarboxyethyl
betaine, cetyl dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine) cetyl dimethyl betaine
(available as Lonzaine 16SP
from Lonza Corp.), lauryl bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) carboxymethyl betaine, oleyl
dimethyl gamma-
-carboxypropyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)alpha-carboxyethyl
betaine) coco dimethyl
sulfopropyl betaine, lauryi dimethyl sulfoethyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-
hydroxyethyl) sulfopropyl
betaine, amidobetaines and amidosulfobetaines (wherein the RCONH(CH2)3 radical
is attached to
the nitrogen atom of the betaine), oleyl betaine (available as amphoteric
Velvetex OLB-50 from
Henkel), and cocamidopropyl betaine (available as Velvetex BK-3S and BA-35
from Henkel).
Examples of sultaines and hydroxysultaines include materials such as
cocamidopropyl
hydroxysuitaine (available as Mirataine CBS from Rhone-Poulenc).
Preferred for use herein are amphoteric surfactants having the following
structure:
3S
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13
O R2
R'4-(C-NH-(CH2)~n +t~-R4--X
~3
wherein R 1 is unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched
chain alkyl having from
about 9 to about 22 carbon atoms. Preferred Rl has from about I I to about 18
carbon atoms; more
preferably from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms; more preferably still from
about 14 to about l8
carbon atoms; m is an integer from 1 to about 3, more preferably from about 2
to about 3) and more
preferably about 3; n is either 0 or 1, preferably I; R2 and R3 are
independently selected from the
group consisting of alkyl having from 1 to about 3 carbon atoms, unsubstituted
or mono-substituted
with hydroxy, preferred R2 and R3 are CH3; X is selected from the group
consisting of C02) S03
and 504; R4 is selected from the group consisting of saturated or unsaturated,
straight or branched
chain alkyl, unsubstituted or monosubstituted with hydroxy, having from 1 to
about 5 carbon atoms.
When X is C02, R4 preferably has 1 or 3 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 carbon
atom. When X is
S03 or S04, R4 preferably has from about 2 to about 4 carbon atoms) more
preferably 3 carbon
atoms.
Examples of amphoteric surfactants of the present invention include the
following
compounds:
Cetyl dimethyl betaine (this material also has the CTFA designation cetyl
betaine)
C ~N-C -C
163.'i ~ ~"~2 02
Cocamidopropylbetaine
R-C-NH-- C ~ N-C -C
( ~3 ~ H2 02
wherein R has from about 9 to about 13 carbon atoms
Cocamidopropyl hydroxy sultaine
i~
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14
O CH3 OH
R-~-NH-(CH2~ ~N-CH2-CH-CI-~-S03
H3
wherein R has from about 9 to about 13 carbon atoms,
Examples of other useful amphoteric surfactants are alkyliminoacetates, and
iminodialkanoates and aminoalkanoates of the formulas RN[CH2)mC02M]2 and
RNH(CH2)mC02M wherein m is from 1 to 4, R is a Cg-C22 alkyl or alkenyl, and M
is H, alkali
metal, alkaline earth metal ammonium, or alkanolammonium. Also included are
imidazolinium and
ammonium derivatives. Specific examples of suitable amphoteric surfactants
include sodium
3-dodecyl-aminopropionate, sodium 3-dodecylaminopropane sulfonate) N-higher
alkyl aspartic
acids such as those produced according to the teaching of U.S. Patent
2,438,09I which is
incorporated herein by reference in its entirety; and the products sold under
the trade name
"Miranol" and described in U.S. Patent 2,528,378, which is incorporated herein
by reference in its
entirety. Other examples of useful amphoterics include amphoteric phosphates)
such as
coamidopropyl PG-dimonium chloride phosphate (commercially available as
Monaquat PTC, from
Mona Corp.). Also useful are amphoacetates such as disodium
lauroamphodiacetate, sodium
I S lauroamphoacetate, and mixtures thereof.
Preferred lathering surfactants for use herein are the following, wherein the
anionic
lathering surfactant is selected from the group consisting of ammonium lauroyl
sarcosinate, sodium
trideceth sulfate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, ammonium laureth sulfate,
sodium laureth sulfate,
ammonium lauryl sulfate, sodium laury! sulfate, ammonium cocoyi isethionate,
sodium cocoyl
isethionate, sodium lauroyl isethionate, sodium cetyl sulfate, and mixtures
thereof; wherein the
nonionic lathering surfactant is selected from the group consisting of
lauramine oxide) cocoamine
oxide, decyl polyglucose) lauryl polyglucose, sucrose cocoate, C 12-14
giucosamides) sucrose
laurate, and mixtures thereof; and wherein the amphoteric lathering surfactant
is selected from the
group consisting of disodium lauroamphodiacetate, sodium lauroamphoacetate,
cetyl dimethyl
betaine, cocoamidopropyi betaine, cocoamidopropy! hydroxy sultaine, and
mixtures thereof.
CONDITIONING COMPONENT
The products of the present invention comprise a water soluble conditioning
agent which is
useful for providing a conditioning benefit to the skin or hair during the use
of the product. The
water soluble conditioning agent comprises from about 2% to about 99%,
preferably from about 3%
to about 50%, and more preferably from about 4% to about 25% by weight of said
water insoluble
substrate.
The water soluble conditioning agent is selected from one or more water
soluble
conditioning agents such that the weighted arithmetic mean solubility
parameter of the water soluble
conditioning agent is greater than l0.5. It is recognized, based on this
mathematical definition of
..__...__.. . , .
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WO 98I18446 PCT/L1897119320
solubility parameters, that it is possible for example to achieve the required
weighted arithmetic
mean solubility parameter, i.e. greater than l0.5, for a water soluble
conditioning agent comprising
' two or more compounds if one of the compounds has an individual solubility
parameter less than or
equal to l0.5.
~ 5 Solubility parameters are well known to the formulation chemist of
ordinary skill in the art
and are routinely used as a guide for determining compatibility's and
solubilities of materials in the
formulation process.
The solubility parameter of a chemical compound, 8, is defined as the square
root of the
cohesive energy density for that compound. Typically, a solubility parameter
for a compound is
10 calculated from tabulated values of the additive group contributions for
the heat of vaporization and
molar volume of the components of that compound) using the following equation:
~Ei
i
s
~mi
i
1I2
wherein Ei Ei = the sum of the heat of vaporization additive group
contributions, and
E m = the sum of the molar volume additive group contributions
i i
Standard tabulations of heat of vaporization and molar volume additive group
contributions for a
wide variety of atoms and groups of atoms are collected in Barton, A.F.M.
Handbook of Solubility
Parameters, CRC Press, Chapter 6, Table 3, pp. 64-66 { 1985), which is
incorporated by reference
herein in its entirety. The above solubility parameter equation is described
in Fedors, R.F., "A
Method for Estimating Both the Solubility Parameters and Molar Volumes of
Liquids", Pol mer
EnQineerine and Science, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 147-154 (February 1974}, which is
incorporated by
reference herein in its entirety.
Solubility parameters obey the law of mixtures such that the solubility
parameter for a
mixture of materials is given by the weighted arithmetic mean (i.e. the
weighted average) of the
solubility parameters for each component of that mixture. See, Handbook of
Chemistry and Physics,
57th edition) CRC Press, p. C-726 ( I976-1977), which is incorporated by
reference herein in its
entirety.
i~
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16
Formulation chemists typically~report and use solubility parameters in units
of (caUcm3)1/2
The tabulated values of additive group contributions for heat of vaporization
in the Handbook of
Solubility Parameters are reported in units of kJ/mol. However) these
tabulated heat of vaporization
values are readily converted to callmol using the following well-known
relationships:
1 3lmol = 0.239006 cal/mol and 1000 J = 1 kJ.
See Gordon, A.J. et al., The Chemist's Companion, John Wiley & Sons, pp. 456-
463, (I972), which
is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
Solubility parameters have also been tabulated for a wide variety of chemical
materials.
Tabulations of solubility parameters are found in the above-cited Handbook of
Solubility Parameters.
Also, see "Solubility Effects In Product, Package, Penetration, And
Preservation") C.D. Vaughan,
Cosmetics and Toiletries, vol. 103, October 1988, pp. 47-69, which is
incorporated by reference
herein in its entirety.
Nonlimiting examples of conditioning agents useful as water soluble
conditioning agents
include those selected from the group consisting of polyhydric alcohols,
polypropylene glycols,
polyethylene glycols, ureas, pyrolidone carboxylic acids, ethoxylated and/or
propoxytated C3-C6
diols and triois, alpha-hydroxy C2-C6 carboxylic acids, ethoxylated and/or
propoxylated sugars,
polyacrylic acid copolymers, sugars having up to about 12 carbons atoms, sugar
alcohols having up
to about 12 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof. Specific examples of useful
water soluble
conditioning agents include materials such as urea; guanidine; glycolic acid
and glycolate salts (e.g.
ammonium and quaternary alkyl ammonium); lactic acid and lactate salts (e.g.
ammonium and
quaternary alkyl ammonium); sucrose, fructose, glucose, eruthrose, erythritol,
sorbitol, mannitol,
glycerol, hexanetriol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, and
the like; polyethylene
glycols such as PEG-2, PEG-3, PEG-30, PEG-50, polypropylene glycols such as
PPG-9, PPG-12,
PPG-I5, PPG-17, PPG-20, PPG-26, PPG-30, PPG-34; alkoxylated glucose;
hyaluronic acid; and
mixtures thereof. Also useful are materials such as aloe vera in any of its
variety of forms (e.g., aloe
vera gel), chitin, starch-grafted sodium polyacrylates such as Sanwet (RTM) IM-
1000, IM-I500, and
IM-2500 (available from Celanese Superabsorbent Materials, Portsmouth, VA);
factamide
monoethanolamine; acetamide monoethanolamine; and mixtures thereof. Also
useful are
propoxylated glycerois as described in propoxylated glycerols described in
U.S. Patent No.
4,976,953) to Orr et al., issued December 11, 1990, which is incorporated by
reference herein in its
entirety.
WEIGHT RATIOS AND WEIGHT PERCENTAGES
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WO 98I18446 PCT/US97119320
17
In the present invention, the weight ratio of the lathering surfactant to the
water soluble
conditioning agent is less than about 8:1, preferably less than about 5:1,
preferably less than about
2.5:1, and more preferably less than about 1:1.
1n certain embodiments of the present invention, the cleansing and
conditioning component,
which is defined as comprising a lathering surfactant and a water soluble
conditioning agent, the
lathering surfactant comprises from about l% to about 75%, preferably from
about 10% to about
65%, and more preferably from about ( 5% to about 45%) by weight of the
cleansing and
conditioning component, and the water soluble conditioning agent comprises
from about l0% to
about 99%) preferably from about I S% to about 50%, and more preferably from
about 20% to about
40%, by weight of the cleansing and conditioning component.
ADDITIONAL INGREDIENTS
The products of the present invention can comprise a wide range of optional
ingredients.
Some of these ingredients are listed in more detail herein. Particularly
useful are various active
ingredients useful for delivering various benefits of the skin or hair during
the cleansing and
conditioning process. In these compositions, the product is useful for
delivering the active ingredient
to the skin or hair.
ACTIVE INGREDIENTS
The compositions of the present invention can comprise a safe and effective
amount of one
or more active ingredients or pharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof.
The term "safe and effective amount" as used herein, means an amount of an
active
ingredient high enough to modify the condition to be treated or to deliver the
desired skin benefit,
but low enough to avoid serious side effects, at a reasonable benefit to risk
ratio within the scope of
sound medical judgment. What is a safe and effective amount of the active
ingredient will vary with
the specific active, the ability of the active to penetrate through the skin,
the age, health condition,
and skin condition of the user, and other like factors.
The active ingredients useful herein can be categorized by their therapeutic
benefit or their
postulated mode of action. However, it is to be understood that the active
ingredients useful herein
can in some instances provide more than one therapeutic benefit or operate via
more than one mode
of action. Therefore, classifications herein are made for the sake of
convenience and are not
intended to limit the active ingredient to that particular application or
applications fisted. Also,
pharmaceutically-acceptable salts of these active ingredients are useful
herein. The following active
ingredients are useful in the compositions of the present invention.
Anti-Acne Actives: Examples of useful anti-acne actives include the
keratolytics such as salicylic
acid (o-hydroxybenzoic acid), derivatives of salicylic acid such as 5-octanoyl
salicylic acid, and
resorcinol; retinoids such as retinoic acid and its derivatives (e.g., cis and
traps); sulfur-containing D
and L amino acids and their derivatives and salts) particularly their N-acetyl
derivatives, a preferred
m
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1e
example of which is N-acetyl-L-cysteine; lipoic acid; antibiotics and
antimicrobials such as benzoyl
peroxide, octopirox, tetracycline, 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxy diphenyl ether,
3,4,4'-trichlorobanilide,
azelaic acid and its derivatives, phenoxyethanol, phenoxypropanol,
phenoxyisopropanol, ethyl
acetate, clindamycin and meclocycline; sebostats such as flavonoids; and bile
salts such as scymnol
sulfate and its derivatives, deoxycholate, and cholate.
Anti-Wrinkle and Anti-Skin Atronhy Actives: Examples of antiwrinkle and anti-
skin atrophy actives
include retinoic acid and its derivatives (e.g., cis and trans); retinol;
retinyl esters; niacinamide,
salicylic acid and derivatives thereof; sulfur-containing D and L amino acids
and their derivatives
and salts, particularly the N-acetyl derivatives, a preferred example of which
is N-acetyl-L-cysteine;
thiols, e.g. ethane thioi; hydroxy acids, phytic acid, iipoic acid;
lysophosphatidic acid, and skin peel
agents {e.g., phenol and the like).
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Actives (NSAIDS): Examples of NSAIDS include
the following
categories: propionic acid derivatives; acetic acid derivatives; fenamic acid
derivatives;
biphenylcarboxylic acid derivatives; and oxicams. A11 of these NSAIDS are
fully described in U.S.
Patent 4,985,459 to Sunshine et al.) issued January 15, 1991, incorporated by
reference herein in its
entirety. Examples of useful NSAIDS include acetyl salicylic acid, ibuprofen,
naproxen,
benoxaprofen, flurbiprofen, fenoprofen, fenbufen, ketoprofen, indoprofen,
pirprofen, carprofen,
oxaprozin, pranoprofen) miroprofen, tioxaprofen, suprofen, alminoprofen,
tiaprofenic acid, fluprofen
and bucloxic acid. Also useful are the steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
including hydrocortisone
and the like.
Topical Anesthetics: Examples of topical anesthetic drugs include benzocaine)
lidocaine,
bupivacaine, chlorprocaine, dibucaine, etidocaine, mepivacaine, tetracaine,
dyclonine, hexylcaine,
procaine, cocaine, ketamine, pramoxine, phenol, and pharmaceutically
acceptable salts thereof.
Artificial Tanning Aeents and Accelerators. Examples of artificial tanning
agents and accelerators
include dihydroxyacetaone, tyrosine, tyrosine esters such as ethyl tyrosinate,
and phospho-DOPA.
Antimicrobial and Antifuneal Actives: Examples of antimicrobial and antifungal
actives include f3-
lactam drugs, quinolone drugs, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, tetracycline,
erythromycin, amikacin,
2,4,4'-Mchloro-2'-hydroxy diphenyl ether, 3,4,4'-trichlorobanilide,
phenoxyethanol, phenoxy
propanol, phenoxyisopropanol) doxycycline, capreomycin, chlorhexidine,
chlortetracycline,
oxytetracycline, clindamycin, ethambutol, hexamidine isethionate,
metronidazole, pentamidine,
gentamicin, kanamycin, lineomycin, methacycline, methenamine, minocycline,
neomycin,
netilmicin, paromomycin, streptomycin, tobramycin, miconazole, tetracycline
hydrochloride,
erythromycin, zinc erythromycin, erythromycin estolate, erythromycin stearate,
amikacin sulfate,
doxycycline hydrochloride) capreomycin sulfate, chlorhexidine gluconate,
chlorhexidine
hydrochloride, chlortetracycline hydrochloride, oxytetracycline hydrochloride,
clindamycin
hydrochloride, ethambutol hydrochloride, metronidazole hydrochloride,
pentamidine hydrochloride,
_ ._ . .
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19
gentamicin sulfate, kanamycin sulfate, lineomycin hydrochloride, methacycline
hydrochloride,
methenamine hippurate, methenamine mandelate) minocycline hydrochloride,
neomycin sulfate,
netilmicin sulfate, paromomycin sulfate, streptomycin sulfate) tobramycin
sulfate, miconazole
hydrochloride, amanfadine hydrochloride, amanfadine sulfate, octopirox,
parachlorometa xylenol,
nystatin, tolnaftate, zinc pyrithione and clotrimazole.
Preferred examples of actives useful herein include those selected from the
group consisting
of salicylic acid, benzoyl peroxide) 3-hydroxy benzoic acid, glycolic acid,
lactic acid, 4-hydroxy
benzoic acid, acetyl salicylic acid, 2-hydroxybutanoic acid, 2-
hydroxypentanoic acid) 2-
hydroxyhexanoic acid, cis-retinoic acid, traps-retinoic acid, retinol, phytic
acid, N-acetyl-L-cysteine,
lipoic acid, azelaic acid, arachidonic acid, benzoyiperoxide, tetracycline,
ibuprofen, naproxen,
hydrocortisone) acetominophen, resorcinol, phenoxyethanol, phenoxypropanol,
phenoxyisopropanol,
2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxy Biphenyl ether, 3,4,4'-trichlorocarbanilide)
octopirox, lidocaine
hydrochloride, clotrimazole) miconazoie) neocycin sulfate, and mixtures
thereof.
Sunscreen Actives: Also useful herein are sunscreening actives. A wide variety
of sunscreening
agents are described in U.S. Patent No. 5,087,445, to Haffey et al., issued
February I1, i992; U_S.
Patent No. 5,073,372, to Turner et al., issued December l7, 1991; U.S. Patent
No. 5,073,371, to
Tumer et al. issued December 17, 1991; and Segarin, et al., at Chapter VIII,
pages 189 et seq., of
Cosmetics Science and Technoloay. all of which are incorporated herein by
reference in their
entirety. Nonlimiting examples of sunscreens which are useful in the
compositions of the present
invention are those selected from the group consisting of 2-ethylhexyl p-
methoxycinnamate, 2-
ethylhexyl N,N-dimethyi-p-aminobenzoate) p-aminobenzoic acid, 2-
phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic
acid, octocrylene, oxybenzone, homomenthyl salicylate, ocryl salicylate, 4,4'-
methoxy-t-
buryldibenzoylmethane, 4-isopropyl dibenzoylinethane, 3-benzylidene camphor, 3-
(4-
methylbenzylidene) camphor, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, silica) iron oxide,
and mixtures thereof.
Still other useful sunscreens are those disclosed in U.S. Patent No.
4,937,370, to Sabatelli, issued
June 26, I990; and U.S. Patent No. 4,999,186, to Sabatelli et al., issued
March 12, 1991; these two
references are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. Especially
preferred examples of
these sunscreens include those selected from the group consisting of 4-N,N-(2-
ethylhexyl)methylaminobenzoic acid ester of 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 4-N,N-
(2-
ethyfhexyl)methylaminobenzoic acid ester with 4-hydroxydibenzoyhnethane, 4-N,N-
(2-ethylhexyl)-
methytaminobenzoic acid ester of 2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)benzophenone, 4-
N,N-(2-
ethylhexyl)-methylaminobenzoic acid ester of 4-(2-
hydroxyethoxy)dibenzoylmethane, and mixtures
thereof. Exact amounts of sunscreens which can be employed will vary depending
upon the
sunscreen chosen and the desired Sun Protection Factor {SPF) to be achieved.
SPF is a commonly
used measure of photoprotection of a sunscreen against erythema. See Federal
Resister, Vol. 43, No.
166, pp. 38206-38269, August 25, I978, which is incorporated herein by
reference in its entirety.
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CA 02269601 1999-04-22
WO 98I18446 PCTIUS97119320
Nonlimiting examples of preferred actives useful herein include those selected
from the
group consisting of salicylic acid, benzoyl peroxide, niacinamide, cis-
retinoic acid, trans-retinoic
acid, retinol, retinyl palmitate, phytic acid, N-acetyl L-cysteine, azelaic
acid) lipoic acid, resorcinol,
lactic acid, glycolic acid, ibuprofen, naproxen, hydrocortisone)
phenoxyethanol, phenoxypropanol,
5 phenoxyisopropanol) 2,4,4,'-trichloro-2'-hydroxy diphenyl ether) 3,4,4'-
trichlorocarbanilide) 2-
ethylhexyl p-methoxycinnamic acid, oxybenzone, 2-phenyibenzimidozole-5-
sulfonic acid)
dihydroxyacetone, and mixtures thereof.
Cationic Surfactants
The products of the present invention can also optionally comprise one or more
cationic
10 surfactants, provided these materials are selected so as not to interfere
with the overall lathering
characteristics of the required, lathering surfactants.
Nonlimiting examples of cationic surfactants useful herein are disclosed in
McCutcheon's,
Detergents and Emulsifiers, North American edition ( 1986), published by
allured Publishing
Corporation; and McCutcheon's, Functional Materials, North American Edition (
1992); both of
I S which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
Nonlimiting examples of cationic surfactants useful herein include cationic
alkyl
ammonium salts such as those having the formula:
R1 R2 R3 R.4 N+ X-
wherein R , is selected from an alkyl group having from about 12 to about 18
carbon atoms, or
1
aromatic, aryl or alkaryi groups having from about 12 to about 18 carbon
atoms; R , R , and R are
2 3 4
independently selected from hydrogen, an alkyl group having from about 1 to
about 18 carbon
atoms, or aromatic, ary! or alkaryl groups having from about 12 to about l8
carbon atoms; and X is
an anion selected from chloride, bromide, iodide, acetate, phosphate, nitrate,
sulfate, methyl sulfate,
ethyl sulfate, tosylate, lactate, citrate, glycolate, and mixtures thereof.
Additionally, the alkyl groups
can also contain ether linkages, or hydroxy or amino group substituents (e.g.,
the alkyl groups can
contain polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol moieties).
More preferably, R1 is an alkyl group having from about 12 to about 18 carbon
atoms; R2
is selected from H or an alkyl group having from about 1 to about 18 carbon
atoms; R3 and R4 are
independently selected from H or an alkyl group having from about 1 to about 3
carbon atoms; and
X is as described in the previous paragraph.
Most preferably, R1 is an alkyl group having from about 12 to about 18 carbon
atoms; R2,
R3, and R4 are selected from H or an alkyl group having from about 1 to about
3 carbon atoms; and
X is as described previously.
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21
Alternatively, other useful cationic surfactants include amino-amides, wherein
in the above
structure R1 is alternatively RSCO-(CH2)n -, wherein RS is an alkyl group
having from about 12 to
about 22 carbon atoms, and n is an integer from about 2 to about 6, more
preferably from about 2 to
about 4, and most preferably from about 2 to about 3. Nonlimiting examples of
these cationic
emulsifiers include stearamidopropyl PG-dimonium chloride phosphate,
stearamidopropyl
ethyldimonium ethosulfate, stearamidopropyl dimethyl (myristyl acetate)
ammonium chloride)
stearamidopropyl dimethyl cetearyl ammonium tosylate, stearamidopropyl
dimethyi ammonium
chloride, stearamidopropyl dimethyl ammonium lactate, and mixtures thereof.
Nonlimiting examples of quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactants include
those
selected from the group consisting of cetyl ammonium chloride, cetyl ammonium
bromide) lauryl
ammonium chloride, lauryl ammonium bromide) stearyl ammonium chloride, stearyl
ammonium
bromide, cetyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, cetyl dimethyl ammonium bromide,
lauryl dimethyl
ammonium chloride, lauryl dimethyl ammonium bromide, stearyl dimethyl ammonium
chloride,
stearyl dimethyl ammonium bromide, cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, cetyl
trimethyl
ammonium bromide, lauryl trimethyl ammonium chloride, iauryl trimethyi
ammonium bromide,
stearyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, stearyl trimethyl ammonium bromide,
iauryl dimethyl
ammonium chloride, stearyl dimethyl cetyl ditallow dimethyl ammonium chloride,
dicetyl
ammonium chloride) dicetyl ammonium bromide, dilauryi ammonium chloride,
dilauryt ammonium
bromide, distearyl ammonium chloride, distearyl ammonium bromide, dicetyl
methyl ammonium
chloride) dicetyl methyl ammonium bromide) dilauryl methyl ammonium chloride,
dilauryl methyl
ammonium bromide, distearyl methyl ammonium chloride) distearyl dimethyl
ammonium chloride,
distearyl methyl ammonium bromide, and mixtures thereof. Additional quaternary
ammonium salts
include those wherein the C 12 to C22 alkyl carbon chain is derived from a
tallow fatty acid or from
a coconut fatty acid. The term "tallow" refers to an alkyl group derived from
tallow fatty acids
(usually hydrogenated tallow fatty acids), which generally have mixtures of
alkyl chains in the C 16
to C18 range. The term "coconut" refers to an alkyl group derived from a
coconut fatty acid) which
generally have mixtures of alkyl chains in the C 12 to C 14 range. Examples of
quaternary
ammonium salts derived from these tallow and coconut sources include ditallow
dimethyl
ammonium chloride, ditallow dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, di(hydrogenated
tallow) dimethyl
ammonium chloride, di(hydrogenated tallow) dimethyl ammonium acetate, ditallow
dipropyl
ammonium phosphate, ditallow dimethyl ammonium nitrate,
di(coconutalkyl)dimethyl ammonium
chloride) di(coconutalkyl)dimethyl ammonium bromide, tallow ammonium chloride,
coconut
ammonium chloride, stearamidopropyl PG-dimonium chloride phosphate,
stearamidopropyl
' ethyldimonium ethosulfate, stearamidopropyl dimethyl (myristyl acetate)
ammonium chloride,
stearamidopropyl dimethyl cetearyl ammonium tosylate, stearamidopropyl
dimethyl ammonium
chloride, stearamidopropyl dimethyl ammonium lactate, and mixtures thereof.
i~
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22
Preferred cationic surfactants useful herein include those selected from the
group consisting
of dilauryl dimethyl ammonium chloride, distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride,
dimyristyl
dimethyl ammonium chloride, dipalmityl dimethyl ammonium chloride, distearyl
dimethyl
ammonium chloride, and mixtures thereof.
Oil Soluble Conditioning Agents
The present invention can also optionally comprise oil soluble conditioning
agents.
Nonlimiting examples of conditioning agents useful as oil soluble conditioning
agents include those
selected from the group consisting of mineral oil, petrolatum, C7-C40 branched
chain hydrocarbons,
C I-C30 alcohol esters of C I-C30 carboxylic acids, C 1-C30 alcohol esters of
C2-C30 dicarboxylic
acids, monoglycerides of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, diglycerides of C1-C30
carboxylic acids)
triglycerides of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, ethylene glycol monoesters of C1-C30
carboxylic acids,
ethylene glycol diesters of C I-C30 carboxylic acids, propylene glycol
monoesters of C 1-C30
carboxylic acids) propylene glycol diesters of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, CI-C30
carboxylic acid
monoesters and polyesters of sugars, polydialkylsiloxanes,
polydiarylsiloxanes, polyalkaryisiloxanes,
I S cylcomethicones having 3 to 9 silicon atoms, vegetable oils, hydrogenated
vegetable oils,
polypropylene glycol C4-C20 alkyl ethers, di C8-C30 alkyl ethers, and mixtures
thereof
Mineral oil, which is also known as petrolatum liquid, is a mixture of liquid
hydrocarbons
obtained from petroleum. See The Merck Index, Tenth Edition) Entry 7048, p.
1033 (l983) and
International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary, Fifth Edition, vol. 1, p.415-417
(1993)) which are
incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
Petrolatum) which is also known as petroleum jelly, is a colloidal system of
nonstraight-
chain solid hydrocarbons and high-boiling liquid hydrocarbons, in which most
of the liquid
hydrocarbons are held inside the micelles. See The Merck Index) Tenth Edition,
Entry 7047, p. 1033
( 1983); Schindler, Drus. Cosmet. Ind., 89) 36-37, 76, 78-80, 82 ( 1961 ); and
International Cosmetic
Ingredient Dictionary, FiRh Edition, vol. i , p. 537 ( 1993), which are
incorporated by reference
herein in their entirety.
Straight and branched chain hydrocarbons having from about 7 to about 40
carbon atoms
are useful herein. Nonlimiting examples of these hydrocarbon materials include
dodecane,
isododecane, squalane, cholesterol, hydrogenated polyisobutylene, docosane
{i.e. a C22
hydrocarbon), hexadecane, isohexadecane (a commercially available hydrocarbon
sold as Permethyl
~ 101A by Presperse, South Plainfield, NJ). Also useful are the C7-C40
isoparaffms) which are C7-
C40 branched hydrocarbons.
Also useful are C1-C30 alcohol esters of C1-C30 carboxylic acids and of C2-C30
dicarboxylic acids, including straight and branched chain materials as well as
aromatic derivatives.
Also useful are esters such as monoglycerides of C1-C30 carboxylic acids)
diglycerides of CI-C30
carboxylic acids, triglycerides of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, ethylene glycol
monoesters of C1-C30
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23
carboxylic acids, ethylene glycol diesters of Cl-C30 carboxylic acids,
propylene glycol monoesters
of C I-C30 carboxylic acids, and propylene glycol diesters of C 1-C30
carboxylic acids. Straight
chain, branched chain and aryl carboxylic acids are included herein. Also
useful are propoxylated
and ethoxylated derivatives of these materials. Nonlimiting examples include
diisopropyl sebacate,
diisopropyl adipate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate) myristyl
propionate, ethylene glycol
distearate, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate, isodecyl neopentanoate, di-2-ethylhexyl
maleate, cetyi palmitate,
myristyl myristate) stearyl stearate, cetyl stearate, behenyl behenrate,
dioctyl maleate, dioctyl
sebacate, diisopropyl adipate, cetyl octanoate, diisopropyl dilinoleate,
caprilic/capric triglyceride,
PEG-6 caprylic/capric triglyceride, PEG-8 caprylic/capric triglyceride) and
mixtures thereof.
Also useful are various C I-C30 monoesters and polyesters of sugars and
related materials.
These esters are derived from a sugar or polyol moiety and one or more
carboxylic acid moieties.
Depending on the constituent acid and sugar, these esters can be in either
liquid or solid form at room
temperature. Examples of liquid esters include: glucose tetraoleate, the
glucose tetraesters of
soybean oil fatty acids (unsaturated), the mannose tetraesters of mixed
soybean oil fatty acids, the
IS galactose tetraesters of oleic acid, the arabinose tetraesters of linoleic
acid, xylose tetratinoleate)
galactose pentaoleate, sorbitol tetraoleate) the sorbitol hexaesters of
unsaturated soybean oil fatty
acids, xylitol pentaoleate, sucrose tetraoleate, sucrose pentaoletate, sucrose
hexaoleate, sucrose
hepatoleate, sucrose octaoleate, and mixtures thereof. Examples of solid
esters include: sorbitol
hexaester in which the carboxylic acid ester moieties are palmitoleate and
arachidate in a 1:2 molar
ratio; the octaester of raffinose in which the carboxylic acid ester moieties
are linoteate and behenate
in a 1:3 molar ratio; the heptaester of maltose wherein the esterifying
carboxylic acid moieties are
sunflower seed oil fatty acids and lignocerate in a 3:4 molar ratio; the
octaester of sucrose wherein
the esterifying carboxylic acid moieties are oleate and behenate in a 2:6
molar ratio; and the octaester
of sucrose wherein the esterifying carboxylic acid moieties are laurate,
linoleate and behenate in a
1:3:4 molar ratio. A preferred solid material is sucrose polyester in which
the degree of esterification
is 7-8, and in which the fatty acid moieties are C18 mono- and/or di-
unsaturated and behenic, in a
molar ratio of unsaturates:behenic of 1:7 to 3:5. A particularly preferred
solid sugar polyester is the
octaester of sucrose in which there are about 7 behenic fatty acid moieties
and about 1 oleic acid
moiety in the molecule. Other materials include cottonseed oil or soybean oil
fatty acid esters of
sucrose. The ester materials are further described in, U.S. Patent No.
2,831,854, U.S. Patent No.
4,005,196, to 3andacek, issued January 25, l977; U.S. Patent No. 4,005,195, to
Jandacek, issued
January 25, 1977, U.S. Patent No. 5,306,516, to Letton et al., issued April
26, 1994; U.S. Patent No.
5,306,515, to Letton et al., issued April 26, 1994; U.S. Patent No. 5,305,514,
to Letton et al., issued
April 26, 1994; U.S. Patent No. 4,797,300, to Jandacek et al., issued January
10) l989; U.S. Patent
No. 3,963,699, to Rizzi et al, issued June I5, 1976; U.S. Patent No.
4,518,772, to Volpenhein) issued
i~
CA 02269601 1999-04-22
WO 98I18446 PCTIUS97I19320
24
May 21, 1985; and U.S. Patent No. 4,517,360, to Volpenhein, issued May 21)
1985; all of which are
incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
Nonvolatile silicones such as polydialkylsiloxanes, polydiarylsiloxanes, and
polyalkarylsiloxanes are also useful oils. These silicones are disclosed in
U.S. Patent No. 5,069,897,
S to Orr, issued December 3, 1991 ) which is incorporated by reference herein
in its entirety. The
polyalkylsiloxanes correspond to the general chemical formula
R3Si0[R2Si0]xSiR3 wherein R is an
alkyl group (preferably R is methyl or ethyl, more preferably methyl) and x is
an integer up to about
500, chosen to achieve the desired molecular weight. Commercially available
polyalkyisiioxanes
include the polydimethylsiloxanes, which are also known as dimethicones,
nonlimiting examples of
which include the Vicasil~ series sold by General Electric Company and the Dow
Corning~ 200
series sold by Dow Corning Corporation. Specific examples of
polydimethylsiloxanes useful herein
include Dow Corning~ 225 fluid having a viscosity of i 0 centistokes and a
boiling point greater than
200~C, and Dow Coming~ 20d fluids having viscosities of 50, 350, and 12,500
centistokes,
respectively, and boiling points greater than 200~C. Also useful are materials
such as
l5 trimethylsiloxysilicate, which is a polymeric material corresponding to the
general chemical formula
[(CH2)3Si01/2]x[Si02]y, wherein x is an integer from about 1 to about 500 and
y is an integer from
about 1 to about 500. A commercially available trimethylsiioxysilicate is sold
as a mixture with
dimethicone as Dow Cotning~ 593 fluid. Also useful herein are dimethiconols)
which are hydroxy
terminated dimethyl silicones. These materials can be represented by the
general chemical formulas
R3Si0[R2Si0]xSiR20H and HOR2Si0[R2Si0]xSiR20H wherein R is an alkyl group
(preferably R
is methyl or ethyl, more preferably methyl) and x is an integer up to about
500, chosen to achieve the
desired molecular weight. Commercially available dimethiconois are typically
sold as mixtures with
dimethicone or cyclomethicone (e.g. Dow Corning~ l401, 1402, and 1403 fluids).
Also useful
herein are polyalkylaryl siloxanes, with polymethylphenyl siloxanes having
viscosities from about 15
to about 65 centistokes at 25~C being preferred. These materials are
available, for example, as SF
1075 methylphenyl fluid (sold by General Electric Company) and 556 Cosmetic
Grade phenyl
trimethicone fluid (sold by Dow Corning Corporation).
Vegetable oils and hydrogenated vegetable oils are also useful herein.
Examples of
vegetable oils and hydrogenated vegetable oils include safflower oil, castor
oil, coconut oil,
cottonseed oil, menhaden oil, palm kernel oil, palm oil, peanut oil, soybean
oil, rapeseed oil) linseed
oil, rice bran oil, pine oil, sesame oil, sunflower seed oil, hydrogenated
safflower oil, hydrogenated
castor oil, hydrogenated coconut oil, hydrogenated cottonseed oil,
hydrogenated menhaden oil,
hydrogenated palm kernel oil, hydrogenated palm oil, hydrogenated peanut oil,
hydrogenated
soybean oil, hydrogenated rapeseed oil, hydrogenated linseed oil, hydrogenated
rice bran oil,
hydrogenated sesame oil, hydrogenated sunflower seed oil) and mixtures
thereof.
r
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Also useful are C4-C20 alkyl ethers of polypropylene glycols, C I-C20
carboxylic acid
esters of polypropylene glycols, and di-C8-C30 alkyl ethers. Nonlimiting
examples of these
materials include PPG-14 butyl ether, PPG-15 stearyl ether" dioctyl ether,
dodecyl octyl ether, and
mixtures thereof.
' S Other Optional Ingredients
The compositions of the present invention can comprise a wide range of other
optional
components. These additional components should be pharmaceutically acceptable.
The CTFA
Cosmetic Ineredient Handbook, Second Edition, 1992) which is incorporated by
reference herein in
its entirety, describes a wide variety of nonlimiting cosmetic and
pharmaceutical ingredients
10 commonly used in the skin care industry, which are suitable for use in the
compositions of the
present invention. Nonlimiting examples of functional classes of ingredients
are described at page
537 of this reference. Examples of these and other functional classes include:
abrasives, absorbents,
anticaking agents, antioxidants, vitamins, binders, biological additives,
buffering agents, bulking
agents, chelating agents, chemical additives, colorants, cosmetic astringents,
cosmetic biocides,
15 denaturants, drug astringents, exteroal analgesics, film formers, fragrance
components, humectants,
opacifying agents, pH adjusters, preservatives, propellants, reducing agents,
skin bleaching agents,
and sunscreening agents.
Also useful herein are aesthetic components such as fragrances, pigments,
colorings)
essential oils, skin sensates, astringents, skin soothing agents) and skin
healing agents.
20 METHODS OF MANUFACTURE
The disposable, single use personal care cleansing and conditioning products
of the present
invention are manufactured by separately or simultaneously adding onto or
impregnating into a water
insoluble substrate a lathering surfactant and a conditioning agent, wherein
said resulting product is
substantially dry. By "separately" is meant that the surfactants and
conditioning agents can be added
25 sequentially, in any order without first being combined together. By
"simultaneously" is meant that
the surfactants and conditioning agents can be added at the same time, with or
without first being
combined together.
For example, the lathering surfactants can first be added onto or impregnated
into the water
insoluble substrate followed by the conditioning agents, or vice versa.
Alternatively, the lathering
surfactants and conditioning agents can be added onto or impregnated into the
water insoluble
substrate at the same time. Alternatively, the lathering surfactants and the
conditioning agents can be
combined together before adding onto or impregnating into the water insoluble
substrate.
The surfactant, conditioning agents, and any optional ingredients can be added
onto or
impregnated into the water insoluble substrate by any means known to those
skilled in the art: for
example, by spraying, laser printing, splashing) dipping, soaking, or coating.
i
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WO 98I18446 PCT/US97119320
26
When water or moisture is used or present in the manufacturing process, the
resulting
treated substrate is then dried so that it is substantially free of water. The
treated substrate can be
dried by any means known to those skilled in the art. Nonlimiting examples of
known drying means
include the use of convection ovens, radiant heat sources, microwave ovens,
forced air ovens, and
heated rollers or cans. Drying also includes air drying without the addition
of heat energy) other than
that present in the ambient environment. Also, a combination of various drying
methods can be
used.
METHODS OF CLEANSING AND CONDITIONING THE SKIN OR HAIR
The present invention also relates to a method of cleansing and conditioning
the skin or hair
with a personal cleansing product of the present invention. These methods
comprise the steps of
wetting with water a substantially dry, disposable, single use personal
cleansing product comprising
a water insoluble substrate, a lathering surfactant, and a conditioning
component, and contacting the
skin or hair with said wetted product. In further embodiments, the present
invention is also useful fer
delivering various active ingredients to the skin or hair.
1 S The products of the present invention are substantially dry and are
intended to be wetted
with water prior to use. The product is wetted by immersion in water or by
placing it under a stream
of water. Lather is generated from the product by mechanically agitating
and/or deforming the
product either prior to or during contact of the product with the skin or
hair. The resulting lather is
useful for cleansing and conditioning the skin or hair. During the cieansing
process and subsequent
rinsing with water, the conditioning agents and active ingredients are
deposited onto the skin or hair.
Deposition of conditioning agents and active ingredients are enhanced by the
physical contact of the
substrate with the skin or hair.
DEPOSITION OF THE CONDITIONING COMPONENT AND ANY ACTIVE INGREDIENTS
ONTO THE SKIN OR HAIR
The compositions of the present invention are useful for depositing the
conditioning
components of the present invention to the skin or hair. In further
embodiments where an active
ingredient is present, the compositions are also useful for depositing the
active ingredient to the skin
or hair.
The compositions of the present invention preferably deposit greater than
about 2.5
micrograms/cm2, more preferably greater than about 5 microgramslcm2, more
preferably greater
than about 10 microgramslcm2, and most preferably greater than about 25
microgramslcm2 of the
conditioning component to the skin or hair during use of the product.
The present invention also relate to a method of depositing greater than about
2.5
microgramslcm2, preferably greater than about 5 micrograms/cm2, more
preferably greater than bout
10 micrograms/cm2, and most preferably greater than about 25 micrograms/cm2 of
the conditioning
agent to the surface of the skin or hair.
. ___ ,~ t
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27
Quantitation of the conditioning component deposited on the skin or hair can
be measured
using a variety of standard analytical techniques well known to the chemist of
ordinary skill in the
- art. Such methods include for instance extraction of an area of the skin or
hair with a suitable solvent
followed by analysis by chromatography (i.e. gas chromatography, liquid
chromatography,
supercritical fluid chromatography, etc.), IR spectroscopy, UV/VIS
spectroscopy, mass spectrometry,
etc. Direct measurements can also be made on the skin or hair by techniques
such as lR
spectroscopy, UVNIS spectroscopy, opacity measurements, fluoresce
spectroscopy, ESCA
spectroscopy, and the like.
In a typical method for measuring deposition) a product of the present
invention is wetted
with water and squeezed and agitated to generate a lather. The product is then
rubbed for
approximately 15 seconds on a site, approximately about 25 cm2 to about 300
cm2) preferably about
50 cm2 to about 100 cm2, on the skin or head which has been demarcated using
an appropriate
indelible marker. The site is then rinsed for approximately 10 seconds and
then allowed to air dry
for approximately 10 minutes. The site is then either extracted and the
extracts analyzed, or analyzed
directly using any techniques such as those exemplified above.
EXAMPLES
The following examples further describe and demonstrate embodiments within the
scope of
the present invention. In the following examples, all ingredients are listed
at an active level. The
examples are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not to be
construed as limitations of
the present invention, as many variations thereof are possible without
departing from the spirit and
scope of the invention.
Ingredients are identified by chemical or CTFA name.
Examples 1-4
A personal care cleansing and conditioning product is prepared as follows:
Ingredients Weight Percent
Example I Example 2 Example 3 Example 4
Phase A
Water QS 100 QS 100 QS l00 QS 100
Glycerin I 0.00 10.00 10.00 10.00
Disodium Lauroamphodiacetate4.00 4.00 ---- ----
(and)
Sodium Trideceth Sulfate
Sodium Lauroamphoacetate ---- ---- 2.4Q 2.40
Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate4.00 4.00 ---- ----
~ i~ i
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28
10
20
Ammonium Laureth Sulfate---- ---- 4.20 4.20
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate---- ---- 1.40 1.40
Polyquarternium-10 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.2S
Disodium EDTA 0.l0 0.10 0.10 0.10
Phase B
Sucrose Ester Fatty 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
Acid Cottonate
Petrolatum ---- 1.50 ---- ----
Cetyl Dimethicone ---- ---- ---- 2.00
Phase C
Butylene Glycol 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
DMDM Hydantoin {and) 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
Iodopropynyl Carbamate
Water Insoluble Substrate
A hydroapertured, nonwoven substrate having a basis weight of about 60 gsy
comprising SO% rayon
and 50% polyester approximately 6 in. by 7.6 in. and a thickness of about 20
mil.
In a suitable vessel., the Phase A ingredients are mixed at room temperature
to form a
dispersion and heated with stirring to 65~C. The Phase B ingredients are mixed
in a separate suitable
vessel and heated to 65~C. Once the temperatures are the same, the Phase B
ingredients are mixed
into the vessel containing the Phase A ingredients and then cooled to 45~C.
The Phase C ingredients
are then mixed together in a separate vessel at room temperature. Next, the
Phase C mixture is added
into the vessel containing the combination of Phases A and B at room
temperature. I.5 grams of the
resulting solution is sprayed onto each substrate. Alternatively, the
substrate can be dipped into the
resulting solution. The treated substrate is then dried in an oven to constant
weight. Alternatively,
the treated substrate is dried in a convection oven at 45~C to constant
weight.
The resulting cleansing composition is used by wetting with water and is
useful for
cleansing the skin or hair and for depositing the conditioning agents onto the
skin or hair.
In alternative manufacturing procedures, the lathering surfactants,
conditioning agents, and
optional ingredients can be separately or simultaneously added onto or
impregnated into the water
insoluble substrate by spraying, laser printing, splashing, dipping, or
coating.
In alternative embodiments, other substrates such as woven substrates,
hydroentangled
substrates, natural sponges, synthetic sponges, or polymeric netted meshes.
t ,~ r .
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29
Examples 5-8
A personal care cleansing and conditioning product is prepared as follows:
Ingredients Weight Percent
Example 5 Example 6 Example 7 Example 8
Phase A
Water QS I00 QS 100 QS 100 QS
100
Glycerin I 0.00 I0.00 I 0.00 I0.00
Panthenol 0.50 ---- 0.50 0.50
Sodium Lauroamphoacetate2.40 2.40 2.40 2.40
Ammonium Lauryl SulfateI.40 1.40 1.40 1.40
Polyquarternium-10 0.25 0.2S 0.25 0.25
Disodium EDTA 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.30
Phase B
Sucrose Ester Fatty Acid Cottonate 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
Petrolatum ---- ---- ---- 0.50
Cetyl Dimethicone ---- ---- ---- 0.50
CetyllZicinoleate ---- 2.0d 2.00 1.00
Phase C
Butylene Glycol 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
DMDM Hydantoin (and) 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
Iodopropynyl Carbamate
Water Insoluble Substrate
A hydroapertured, nonwoven substrate having a basis weight of about 60 gsy
comprising 50% rayon
and 50% polyester approximately 6 in. by 7.6 in, and a thickness of about 20
mil.
In a suitable vessel., the Phase A ingredients are mixed at room temperature
to form a
dispersion and heated with stirring to 65~C. The Phase B ingredients are mixed
in a separate suitable
vessel and heated to 65~C. Once the temperatures are the same, the Phase B
ingredients are mixed
into the vessel containing the Phase A ingredients and then cooled to 45~C.
The Phase C ingredients
are then mixed together in a separate vessel at room temperature. Next, the
Phase C mixture is added
into the vessel containing the combination of Phases A and B at room
temperature. 1.5 grams of the
resulting solution is sprayed onto each substrate. Alternatively, the
substrate can be dipped inta the
~ m
CA 02269601 1999-04-22
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resulting solution. The treated substrate is then dried in an oven to constant
weight. Alternatively,
the treated substrate is dried in a convection oven at 45~C to constant
weight,
The resulting cleansing composition is used by wetting with water and is
useful for
cleansing the skin or hair and for depositing the conditioning agents onto the
skin or hair.
5 In alternative manufacturing procedures, the lathering surfactants,
conditioning agents) and
optional ingredients can be separately or simultaneously added onto or
impregnated into the water
insoluble substrate by spraying, laser printing, splashing, dipping, or
coating.
In alternative embodiments, other substrates such as woven substrates,
hydroentangled
substrates) natural sponges, synthetic sponges, or polymeric netted meshes.
Examples 9-12
Ingredients Weight Percent
Example 9 Example 10 Example 11 Example 12
Phase A
Water QS 1D0 QS I00 QS 100 QS
100
Glycerin 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00
Disodium Lauroamphodiacetate4.00 4.00 ---- ----
(and)
Sodium Trideceth Sulfate
Sodium Lauroamphoacetate---- ---- 2.40 2.40
Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 4.00 4.00 ---- ----
Ammonium Laureth Sulfate ---- ---- 4.20 4.20
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate ---- ---- 1.40 1.40
Urea t .00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Polyquarternium-10 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25
Disodium EDTA 0.I0 0.10 0.10 0.10
Phase B
Butylene Glycol 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
DMDM Hydantoin (and) 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
Iodopropynyl Carbamate
Water Insoluble Substrate
A hydroapertured, nonwoven substrate having a basis weight of about 60 gsy
comprising 50% rayon
and 50% polyester approximately 6 in. by 7.6 in. and a thickness of about 20
mil.
__~._____ ._,..._.~._f.~......, _ ._. ...__. T
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31
In a suitable vessel., the Phase A ingredients are mixed at room temperature
to form a
dispersion and heated with stirring to 65~C. Phase A is then cooled to 45~C.
Phase B ingredients are
mixed together and then added into the vessel containing the Phase A
ingredients. 1.5 grams of the
resulting solution is sprayed onto each substrate. Alternatively, the
substrate can be dipped into the
solution. The treated substrate is then dried in an oven to constant weight.
Attematively, the treated
substrate is dried in a convection oven at 45~C to constant weight.
The resulting cleansing composition is used by wetting with water and is
useful for
cleansing the skin or hair and for depositing the conditioning agents onto the
skin or hair.
In alternative manufacturing procedures, the lathering surfactants,
conditioning agents, and
optional ingredients can be separately or simultaneously added onto or
impregnated into the water
insoluble substrate by spraying, laser printing, splashing, dipping, or
coating.
In alternative embodiments) other substrates such as woven substrates,
hydroentangled
substrates, natural sponges, synthetic sponges, or polymeric netted meshes.
Examples 13-15
Ineredients Weisht Percent
Example 13 Example 14 Example 15
Phase A
Water QS 100 OS 100 QS 100
Glycerin 10.00 10.00 10.00
Panthenol 0.50 ---- 0.50
Sorbitoi ---- 4.00 4.00
Sodium Lauroamphoacetate2.40 2.40 2.40
Ammonium Laureth Sulfate4.20 4.20 4.20
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate I.40 1.40 l.40
Urea l .00 1.00 1.00
Polyquarternium-10 0.25 0.25 0.25
Disodium EDTA 0.10 0.10 0.10
Phase B
Butylene Glycol 2.00 2.00 2.00
DMDM Hydantoin (and) 0.20 0.20 0.20
Iodopropynyl Carbamate
Water Insoluble Substrate
m
CA 02269601 1999-04-22
WO 98I18446 PCTIUS97119320
32
A hydroapertured, nonwoven substrate having a basis weight of about 60 gsy
comprising SO% rayon
and SO% polyester approximately 6 in. by 7.6 in. and a thickness of about 20
mil.
In a suitable vessel.) the Phase A ingredients are mixed at room temperature
to form a
dispersion and heated with stirring to 6S~C. Phase A is then cooled to 4S~C.
Phase B ingredients are
mixed together and then added into the vessel containing the Phase A
ingredients. l .S grams of the
resulting solution is sprayed omo each substrate. Alternatively, the substrate
can be dipped into the
solution. The treated substrate is then dried in an oven to constant weight.
Alternatively, the treated
substrate is dried in a convection oven at 45~C to constant weight.
The resulting cleansing composition is used by wetting with water and is
useful for
cleansing the skin or hair and for depositing the conditioning agents onto the
skin or hair.
In alternative manufacturing procedures, the lathering surfactants,
conditioning agents, acrd
optional ingredients can be separately or simultaneously added onto or
impregnated into the water
1 S insoluble substrate by spraying, laser printing, splashing, dipping, or
coating.
In alternative embodiments, other substrates such as woven substrates,
hydroentangled
substrates) natural sponges, synthetic sponges, or polymeric netted meshes.
