Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
CA 02272057 1999-OS-17
v Y
F-6184
PAVING STONE KIT
The invention relates to a paving stone kit for forming a closed-surface
paving stone composite, as described in the introductory portion of claim 1.
In the case of known paving stone kits of this type, a foundation stone,
shaped with a hexagonal contour, is used and laid together with corresponding
filling
and compensation stones for forming a closed-surface paving stone composite.
In
spite of the filling and compensation stones that are present, residual
surfaces, into
which stone parts, cut off from a hexagonal foundation stone, must be inserted
so that
the paving stone composite fills the whole surface, remain at the linear
boundaries of
the laid surface. In addition to the high expense associated with the cutting
process,
these cut-off stone parts, in heavily traveled areas, form a place of danger
disadvantageously affecting the endurance and tightness of the composite as a
whole.
It is an object of the invention to provide a paving stone kit which,
without special stones formed by cutting, enables a closed, sealable paving
stone
composite to be formed, in which the foundation stones, as well as the filling
and
compensating stones, are positionally stable even under high punctiform
loading and
leakproofness is assured for a long time by sealants in the joint region.
Pursuant to the invention, this objective is accomplished by a paving
stone kit, with the distinguishing features of claim 1. Reference is made to
claims 2
to 21 with regard to further significant developments.
A gapless, combinable paving system is created with the inventive
paving stone kit with few filling and compensation stones and the known
hexagonal
stone and enables a surface area with a linear boundary to be filled rapidly
and
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CA 02272057 1999-OS-17
t
completely without cutting work. Due to a load-optimized outline contour of
all
individuals stones, a composite is created, which offers no points of danger
when it is
subjected to the load of vehicle wheels rolling in any direction, the paving
stone
composite, even in its edge regions, being able to adsorb high weight and
rolling
loads safely without any loosening of the individual stones.
By avoiding acute corner angles in the outline shapes of all paving
stones of the kit and by an integrally molded lowering around the edge
boundaries of
the stones towards the side edge region, the stones, in the laid position, can
also
adsorb a slight settling of the foundation and a therewith associated
inclination, so
that material breaks are avoided even when projecting corners are placed under
load
repeatedly. There are only minimal shifts in the joint region surrounding the
adjacent
stone, so that the sealing material in the joint remains unaffected. The
outline shapes
of the individual stones with corner angles equal to or larger than 90°
bring about size
relationships, for which the ratio of width to length in each case does not
exceed a
value of 1 : 1.3. For any size of stone, this optimum geometric ratio forms
the basis
for a stable paving stone composite, even when the pavement is subjected to
high
loads.
Such a paving stone system can be subjected to loads in any driving
direction, so that the paving stone composite is preferably used as a pavement
paving
in the area of gas stations, in transshipment areas with container vehicles,
loading
stations and similar industrial surfaces and reliably seals the substratum. In
particular,
a pavement paving, consisting essentially of concrete cast in one piece, can
be
replaced with such a paving stone composite, gap-shaped crack formations and
depressions in the pavement being avoided.
Further details and advantages of the invention arise out of the
following description and the drawings, which illustrate an example of an
inventive
pavement stone kit. In the drawings
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CA 02272057 1999-OS-17
S '
Figure 1 shows a plan view of a foundation stone of the inventive paving
stone kit in the form of a regular hexagon,
Figures 2 and 3 each show plan views of a filler and compensation stone,
formed as
a rectangle,
Figure 4 shows a plan view of a filler or compensation stone in the form of a
pentagon with an obtuse-angled corner,
Figure 5 shows a plan view of a filler or compensation stone similar to that
of
Figure 4 in the form of a pentagon with diverging boundary edges,
Figure 6 shows a plan view of a filler or compensation stone in the form of an
irregular hexagon consisting of a rectangular and a trapezoidal
surface region,
Figures 7 and 8 show filler or compensation stones in the form of irregular
hexagons,
partially with a triangular surface,
Figure 9 shows a plan view of a filler or compensation stone in the form of
and irregular pentagon and a different boundary edge lengths,
Figures 10 to 13 each show sectional representations of a paving stone
composite in
the region of a laying boundary forming an obtuse-angled corner,
Figure 14 shows a sectional representation of a paving stone composite with
kits and individuals stones of different foundation stone size,
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Figure 1 S shows a plan view of a closed surface paving stone composite in the
region of a gas station,
Figure 16 shows a plan view of a paving stone composite, closed off on three
sides with boundary stones, similar to Figure 1 S, with a central roof
profiling,
Figure 17 shows a cross-sectional representation of the roof profiling of
Figure
16,
Figure 18 shows a cross-sectional representation of an individual stone with a
roof contour as shown by line I - I in Figure 16,
Figure 19 shows a cross-sectional representation of two individual stones,
forming the roof contour, as shown by the line II - II in Figure 16,
Figure 20 shows a sectional representation of a paving stone composite with
several hexagonal foundation stones, which have an angle of slope
deviating from l20° in the region of opposite side surfaces,
Figure 21 shows a sectional representation, similar to that of Figure 20, with
an
inclination forming a boundary edge shoulder at the laid area,
Figures 22
and 23 show respective individual representations of an inclined foundation
stone in a version forming a right inclination and a left inclination,
Figure 24 shows a sectional representation of a laid surface with inclined
foundation stones and a filler or compensation stone similar to
Figure 9,
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CA 02272057 1999-OS-17
Figures 25
and 26 in each case show individual representations of the filler or
compensation stone in a mirror image embodiment,
Figure 27 shows a cross-sectional representation of a single stone, similar to
Figure 17, with a V-shaped profile,
Figure 28 shows a cross-sectional representation of two individual stones with
V-shaped profile forming a gutter,
Figure 29 shows a plan view of a filler or compensation stone, similar to
Figure 5,
Figure 30 shows a plan view of a filler or compensation stone, similar to
Figure 9,
Figure 31 shows a plan view of a paving stone composite with shaped stones
leaving an internal opening,
Figure 32 shows a plan view, similar to Figure 31, with shaped stones in the
internal opening,
Figure 33 shows a plan view of the hexagonal stone similar to Figure 22 in a
third embodiment,
Figure 34 shows a plan view of paving with the hexagonal stones of Figure 33,
Figure 35 shows a plan view of paving forming a trough or a tub with regions
G and A,
CA 02272057 1999-OS-17
r
Figure 36 shows a sectional representation along a line III-III in Figure 35
and
Figure 37 shows a plan view of paving forming a trough or tub, with a gutter
W in the upper side of the stones.
In Figure 1, a foundation stone, labeled 1 as a whole, is shown in the
form of a known regular hexagon for a paving stone kit, which is provided with
special stones, which are described in greater in the following, for forming a
closed-
surface paving stone composite (Figures 1 S and 16). Said paving stone
composite has
linear outer boundaries 2, 3 and 2', 3' and a corner angle 4 of 90° or
a corner angle 5,
which is greater than 90°. The foundation stone l, with the filler or
compensation
stones of different outline shapes, forms a paving stone kit 6, which is
illustrated
diagrammatically in Figures 10 to 13 and for which the individual stones
correspond
at least in the length of one boundary edge or at least in one of their corner
angles.
The filler or compensation stones (Figures 2 to 9), which are formed in
accordance with the invention, only have corner angles 7, 7', which are equal
or to or
larger than 90°, and have at least one edge boundary with a length,
which coincides
with the basic length 8 of the edges of the foundation stone 1, correspond to
half the
basic length 8' or to the opening width 9 of the foundation stone. When there
is an
obtuse-angled corner T centrally opposite a boundary edge, the length of which
is
greater than the basic length 8, the boundary edges, adj oining this boundary
edge, in
each case have the basic length 8.
On the basis of these geometric relationships, the inventive paving
stone kit 6 is reduced to a minimum of individual stones so that, with low
manufacturing and laying expenses, differently contoured, closed paving stone
surfaces (Figures 10 to 16) can be filled out optimally and additional cutting
work or
similar expenses are not required for filling the surface completely. In a
size that can
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CA 02272057 1999-OS-17
be handled advantageously, the foundation stone 1 for this kit has an opening
width 9
of more than 300 mm, an optimum grid dimension for producing the stone and for
laying it with an opening width of 502 mm being reached. For this, the edge
length of
the foundation stone is 289.8 mm. For laying the stones, an orientation edge,
referring to the hexagonal shape, is indicated in Figures 2 to 9 by a dotted
line P.
In Figure 2, a first filler or compensation stone 11 is shown in the form
of a rectangle, the one edge length of which corresponds to the basic length 8
and the
other edge length of which corresponds to half the opening,width 9'.
The filler or compensation stone of Figure 3 is constructed in a second
embodiment as a rectangle 12, the one edge length of which corresponds to half
the
basic length 8' and other edge length of which corresponds to a quarter of the
opening
width 9".
A third embodiment of the filler or compensation stone of Figure 4
shows a pentagon 13 with the obtuse-angled corner 7', w-hich lies centrally
opposite a
boundary edge having the length of the opening width 9, this boundary edge
connecting two parallel boundary edges of basic length 8.
In Figure 5 a filler or compensation stone is constructed in a fourth
embodiment as a pentagon 15 with an obtuse-angled corner 16, which lies
centrally
opposite a boundary edge having the length of the opening ~Tidth 9, this
opening
width 9 connecting two diverging boundary edges of basic length 8.
In Figure 6, the filler or compensation stone is constructed as an
irregular hexagon 17 which, by supplementing the foundation stone 1 by two
triangular regions, has an outline shape, which is composed of a rectangular
surface
18 and of an equilateral trapezoidal surface 19 with a long edge boundary
having
twice the basic length 8"'.
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r
In Figure 7, a sixth embodiment of the filler or compensation stone is
shown, which is constructed as an irregular hexagon 20 which, by supplementing
a
foundation stone 1 with one triangular surface on a first right side, has an
edge
boundary of 1'/2 times the basic length 8", at which an edge boundary with the
length
of half the opening width 9' adjoins at an angle of 90°.
In an embodiment of Figure 8, the filler or compensation stone is
constructed as an irregular hexagon 21 which, by supplementing a foundation
stone 1
with a triangular surface, has, on a second left side, an edge boundary of
1'/~ times the
basic length 8", at which an edge boundary with the length of half the opening
width
9' adjoins at an angle of 90°.
The representation of Figure 9 shows a filler or compensation stone in
an eighth embodiment, this stone being constructed as an irregular pentagon
23, for
which a first boundary edge with the length of an opening width 9 adjoins at
right
angles a second boundary edge with a length corresponding to'/4 of the opening
width
9"', for which a third boundary edge of basic length 8 adjoins the first
boundary edge
at an angle of 120°, for which a fourth boundary edge with the length
of half the
opening width 9' adjoins the second boundary edge at an angle of 90°
and for which
the third and fourth boundary edges are connected by a fifth boundary edge,
which
encloses an angle of 90° with the third boundary edge and an angle of
l50° with the
fourth boundary edge, the fifth boundary edge having a length corresponding to
1'/z
times the basic length of the basic length 8".
In Figures 10 to 13, several examples of laying the above-described
individual stones as a paving stone kit 6 are illustrated diagrammatically, a
conceivable boundary of a laid contour, with an internal corner 26 and an
external
corner 27, being shown with a line 25. The embodiment of Figures 10 and 11
represents a respective internal angle 26 of l20°, to which the
external angle 27 forms
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CA 02272057 1999-OS-17
the 360° supplement and, in a similar embodiment in Figures 12 and 13,
the internal
corner 26' is constructed with an angle of 150°.
Starting out from this boundary, which is specified by the line 25, the
individual stone 15 is disposed in Figures 10 and 11 directly in the corner
region of
line 25, so that the corner, which is adjoined by hexagonal stones 1 in the
laid surface,
is filled out completely and without gaps by the individual stones 11, 20 and
21
adjoining the stone 15, as well as by the adjacently disposed individual
stones. In
Figure 11, the individual stone 15, disposed in the region of the inner corner
26, is
combined on the inside with the individual stone 13 and, in the opposite
region of the
outer corner 27, with the individual stone 23 as well as with the rectangular
stones 11
and 12. The representations in Figures 12 and 13 show further variations in
the
region of the boundary corner, a complete filling of the surface being
achieved with a
different joint picture on either side of line 25 with an angle of
150°.
In Figure 14, a further conceivable laid section is illustrated, for which
paving stone kits 6' and 6" are provided, which have individual stones of
different
surface and which are laid together with a foundation stone 1 having
dimensions
larger than these individual stones 1, so that the diversity of laying
possibilities of the
inventive paving stone kit becomes clear. Starting out from the foundation
stone 1,
the kit 6, 6', 6" can advantageously be provided in each case with a basic
length 8
and/or an opening width 9, enlarged two-fold, four-fold, eight-fold etc.
In Figure 15, a closed surface version of the paving stone composite is
shown, in which rectangular manhole covers S and gas pumps Z are surrounded
full
surface with the stones of the paving stone kit 6 in a well-fitting grid. In
an
appropriate version, an island head K, in front of or behind the gas pump Z,
is glued
onto the paving stone surface.
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CA 02272057 1999-OS-17
The embodiment of Figure 16 shows a three-sided pavement surface)
which is bordered by edge stones 28 and on which the respective upper sides of
the
foundation and filling or compensation stones have a roof contour (Figure 17),
which
is constructed with an inclination 28, 29'. This roof contour is provided with
a roof
ridge line 30, which extends along a line connecting two corner points of the
respective individual stone 31 (Figure 18) or centrally between two opposite
edge
boundaries of the foundation stone 1. Likewise, it is conceivable to form the
roof
contour by individual stones 32, 33, at the side surface 34, 35 of which in
each case
an angle 36 is provided, which slightly exceeds 90, so that, in the installed
position
shown (Figure 19), the respective angles of skew 29, 29' are defined by the
adjoining
side surfaces 34, 35. In Figure 18, the stone 31 is provided at its side
surfaces 34' and
35' with the inclination 29", so that stones, adjoining on either side (not
shown)
continue the roof contour therewith. In Figure 27, the individual stone 31',
which has
a V-shapes profile with skew angles 29"', is shown. This stone is constructed
with a
gutter W, which is effective in the laid position as an alternative to the
roofing tile 31
(Figure 16, line 30). In Figure 28, two stones 32', 33' are shown, the side
surfaces of
which, adjoining in the region of line 30', enclose an angle 36', which is
slightly less
than 90°, so that the gutter W is formed therewith. Further stones can
be laid against
the rectangular side surface 35" of the stones 32', 33'.
The sectional representations of Figure 19 and 28 moreover make it
clear that the respective foundation and filler or compensation stones, at
least along an
individual edge boundary, have a surface region 38, which is lower than the
surface
37 of the stone adjoining on the inside. At the same time, this lower surface
region 38
forms a chamfer F to the side surface and a contour transition 38' (radius) to
the
respective upper side 37. In an appropriate version, all individual stones of
the above-
described paving stone kits 6, 6' and 6" are constructed all-around with the
lowered
surface region 38, so that, in the laid position, a uniformly surrounding
joint 39
(Figures 19 and 28) is formed, into which a sealant, the details of which are
not
shown, can be introduced. The directly adjoining side edge in the upper edge
region
CA 02272057 1999-OS-17
is protected against overloading by vehicle wheels by the contour 38, 38', F
in the
region of the lower surface.
In Figure 20, a further conceivable embodiment of a foundation stone 1'
is shown, which is provided with a single or two opposite side surfaces 40,41
which
enclose with the in each case adjacent side surface 40', 41' and angle 42, 43,
which
deviates slightly from 120°, in order to form an inclined connecting
surface 44. This
connecting surface 44 extends, for example, at an angle 45, which deviates
from a
reference line 46 by an inclination of 2° to 4°.
In Figure 21, several of the inclined foundation stones 1' are shown in a
second application, an edge boundary shoulder 44' of the paving stone
composite
being formed. The individual representations of Figures 22 and 23 shows the
stone 1'
with its respective corner angles, which arise from the angles 42', 43', 42"
and 43" and
make a further variation of the laid pattern possible in the paving stone
composite.
The paving stone composite, represented by Figure 24, shows a ninth
and tenth embodiment of a filler or compensation stone in the vicinity of the
boundary
line 25' (Figures 25, 26), this stone being formed as a pentagon 24, 24',
similar to that
of Figure 9. The stone 24 is provided with a first edge boundary with an
opening with
9, adjoining which there is, on the one hand, a second edge boundary with a
basic
length 8 at an angle of 90° and, on the other, a third edge boundary
with one and half
times the edge length 8" at an angle of 90°. Adjoining the third edge
boundary also at
an angle of 90° is a fourth edge boundary of half the opening with 9'
and this fourth
edge boundary is connected with the second edge boundary over a fifth edge
boundary having a basic length 8 (Figure 25). The representation of Figure 26
shows
the above-described pentagonal stone 24' in a mirror image embodiment with the
same geometric relationships in the region of its angles and edge boundaries.
CA 02272057 1999-OS-17
i f
The above described paving stone kit, which can be laid as a full
surface, can be improved with respect to its vehicle wheel load carrying
capability in
the transverse and longitudinal directions by providing adjoining side
surfaces 34, 35;
34', 35' of the individual stones with a supporting profilation. In an
appropriate
version, this supporting profilation is known for a hexagonal stone (German
utility
patent 94 09 076.9) and can be integrally molded during the production of the
above-
described individuals stones.
In Figures 29 and 30, individual stones 15' and 23' are shown, the
outline contour of which corresponds to that of the stone 15 (Figure 5) and
that of the
stone 23 (Figure 9). The dimensions of the respective five edge boundaries of
these
individual stones 1 S' and 23' are varied so that further possibilities of
laying are
attainable with the basic dimensions of basic length and opening width
specified (or
parts or multiples thereof). At the same time, the geometric relationships of
the
paving stone kit 6, as a whole, are retained, so that any surfaces can be
filled by
structural adaptation during the laying of the individual stones and, for that
purpose,
the edge boundary dimensions of the individual stones 11, 12, 13, 17, 20
and/or 21 in
each case are adapted as special stones.
In Figure 31, a closed surface paving stone composite with a linear
outer boundary is shown. In this composite, an internal opening SO for
accommodating a manhole cover or a similar installed part (not shown) is
provided.
This kit has shaped stones 51, which are fitted to the contour of the internal
opening
50 and are constructed as pentagonal stones 52, which only have corner angles
equal
to or larger than 90°. In the region of a side surface 53, the
pentagonal stones are
provided with a contour, which forms an arc and goes over, on the one hand,
into a
contacting surface 54 forming the bisector H of the linear outer boundary of
the
composite and, on the other, into a contacting surface 55 forming the diagonal
D.
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CA 02272057 1999-OS-17
In the installed position (Figures 31 and 32), in each case eight
pentagonal stones 52 are disposed in such a manner, that a full circle is
formed as
inner opening 50 with their inwardly directed arched contour. In the region of
the two
diagonals D towards the corner regions, the contacting surfaces 55 adjoin
square filler
stones 57, which complete the linear outer boundary. This composite of
pentagonal
stones 52 and filler stones 57 is exceptionally stable and by appropriately
dimensioning the contacting surfaces 54, SS (lengths A, length B in Figure
32), the kit
can be adapted to different conditions in an overall paving (Figure 15).
The embodiment of Figure 32 illustrates a supplement to the above-
described kit in that this embodiment is provided with arc filler stones 58,
which form
an asymmetric diminished inner circle R'. These are provided with two side
surfaces
59, 60, each forming an arc of a circle which, on the one hand, lie against
the contour
of the pentagonal stone 52 and, on the other, define the inner circle R' of
the inner
opening 50'. The shifted middle point M shown illustrates one possibility of
disposing the smaller inner circle R' asymmetrically to the inner circle R of
the
pentagonal stones 52 and, with that, achieving optimum adaptation to the
installed
part, which is to be integrated in the paving (Figure 15).
In Figure 33, the foundation stone 1", which is provided as a hexagonal
stone, is shown in an inclined version similar to Figure 22. The stones 1 "
which are
provided as a right or left construction with a corresponding, mirror image
contour,
can also be laid in pairs (Figure 34), in which case their short side edges L
(dimensions: 0.86 x the basic length 8) lie against one another and the
respective
other side edges, with a basic length 8, 8' and 8", adj oin the foundation
stones of
contour 1 or 1' in the paving. The foundation stone 1" has angles of
90° or larger and
the side edges, corresponding to the contacting conditions in the paving
composite,
are provided to width edge lengths corresponding to the basic length 8, so
that,
building up on this basic length with a size factor of 0.43, 0.5, 0.86, 1.0,
1.5, 1.72, 2.0
etc., an adaptation to the grid dimensions of the paving is attained.
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CA 02272057 1999-OS-17
In Figure 35, a plan view shows a paving with partial regions G, A and
A'. When this is looked at together with the cross-sectional representation in
Figure
36, a built-in inclination N of the partial regions A, A' becomes clear. With
that, this
kit, together with the regions G and A, forms a trough or tub construction.
The
respective stones of a different contour, adjoining in a joint E (shown on a
larger scale
in Figure 35), are comparable with the pavement shown in Figure 14. In
conjunction
with Figures 27 and 28, it becomes clear that the side surfaces 34" and/or 35"
can be
placed with their inclination 29"' against adjacent stones in such a manner,
that a
sable supporting composite is achieved in the contacting region of the joint E
and the
inclination N of the paved region is formed.
A further possibility of forming a collecting tub or the like on the basis
of the kit described above, is shown diagrammatically in Figure 37 in plan
view, the
gutter W', shown as a broken line, being provided either in the region of the
side
surfaces 35" of the stones or on their upper surface, as in the case of stone
31'. In a
corner region P, the direction of the gutter W is such that, in a partial
section D, all
stones proceeding in the direction of the gutter W', have a surface contour
corresponding to that of the regions 37', these having different dimensions
and the
gutter W' also being disposed eccentrically. With that, the basic construction
of
further stone shapes for completing the kit is illustrated.
In the course of the gutter W, the angle P, in the embodiment shown, is,
for example, 165°, so that the tub body as a whole is created as a 24-
corner body.
Likewise, without additional cutting work, it is conceivable that a closed tub
body can
be produced with the stone shapes having the inclination 37' (Figure 37).
Foundation
stones 1, having the normal shape, can be laid in the region of the respective
walls
with the inclination A. An extensive adaptation to a circular tub contour can
be
achieved by constructing the body as a 36-, 48-, 60- etc. corner body, so
that,
especially with this kit, a foundation for storage reservoirs or the like can
be created.
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CA 02272057 1999-OS-17
The above-described inclination of the respective surfaces 37' can be
dimensioned, for example, in all partial regions A, A' with 30°, so
that a closed tub is
formed. Likewise, it is conceivable to dimension the inclination N with less
than, for
example, 10° so that, for example, in one of the partial regions A, a
wall for a trough
body, fit for vehicular or pedestrian traffic, is formed.
The above-described construction of the tub body can also be created
with the kit shown in Figure 14, in which case, at the flat partial region G'
of the stone
1, at the periphery in the region of the respective joint E, the stones in
each case are
provided with the inclined side surfaces 35". This paving scheme is repeated
in the
region of the joint E'. In the region of the joint E", individual stones with
the trough
W also lie in contact with one another correspondingly in the interconnection
with
other stones.
