Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
CA 02275848 1999-06-21
BACKGROUND OF 'THE INVENTION
1. FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to transport vehicles, more particularly but not
necessarily exclusively to tractor trailer vehicles, and more particularly to
flooring used in
transport vehicles.
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART
A tractor trailer vehicle has a tractor which pulls what is widely referred to
as a
semi-trailer and generally includes covered vans and open flat-deck semi-
trailers. These
semi- trailers commonly have a payload-receiving deck, which is constructed
with flooring
which is formed from a hardwood laminate. A typical semi-trailer has a deck
with a
surface area of about 480 square feet and usually the flooring weighs about
5.5 pounds per
square foot. This means that nearly 2200 pounds of the semi-trailer's
'deadweight' is the
flooring. It follows that the greater the deadweight of the flooring, the
higher the
operating cost of the vehicle. Most highways have strict weight restrictions
per axle and
the higher the deadweight, the lower the payload that can be hauled in the
semi-trailer.
Conventional laminate flooring is usually made from oak or other hardwoods
with
a density similar to oak. The laminate flooring is expected to last only about
7 to 10 years,
because of the effects of wear and tear on the flooring, and exposure to the
extreme
temperature swings and precipitation of the changing seasons. Water penetrates
the
flooring causing both an increase in the deadweight, an inevitable accelerated
degradation
of the flooring due to rot, and a loss in strength due to the damaging effect
of water along
the bonding lines of the laminate, causing a resulting loss of adhesion. In
fact, the
presence of water in the laminate can be expected to reduce the strength of
the laminate by
as much as 75% of its original strength.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an improved
flooring
1
CA 02275848 1999-06-21
for use in the decks of semi-trailers or other b-ansport vehicles.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In one of its aspects, the present invention involves a semi-trailer flooring
panel
comprising a wood core, the wood core including a plurality of strip elements,
wherein
the wood core has a bottom surface, and a reinforced composite layer is
applied to the
bottom surface.
Preferably, the strip elements are made from selected hardwoods or softwoods,
such as aspen, maple or birch hardwoods and some selected softwoods such as
northern
black spruce and northern white spruce which have suitable mechanical
characteristics
including one or more of specific density, tension strength, shear strength
and torsional
stiffness. Preferably, the semi-trailer flooring panel meets the
specifications established
by PULLMAN TRAILMOBILE and included herein as Appendix One.
Preferably, substantially the entire area of the bottom surface is
continuously
bonded to the composite layer. In one embodiment the reinforced composite
layer has a
plurality of reinforcing elements which are arranged substantially parallel
with the bottom
surface, preferably embedded in an adhesive matrix. Still more preferably, the
matrix
includes a resilient material in a granulated form, such as a granulated
synthetic rubber.
The reinforcing elements are preferably fibreglLass strands and more
preferably in a woven
fibreglass sheet.
Preferably, each of said strip elements has a specific density, or an average
specific
density, ranging from about 0.35 to about 0.6:i, more preferably from about
0.40 to 0.59.
Desirably, strip elements may be used in some cases where the specific density
does not
exceed 0.59.
In one embodiment, the panel has a thickness which does not exceed about 1
1/16 inch,
although other thickness are also contemplated.
2
CA 02275848 1999-06-21
A protective coating may be applied to the wood core. In one embodiment, the
protective coating envelopes the wood core together with the layer and
preferably includes
polyurethane materials and may include granular materials and the like to
provide a
roughened 'anti-slip' outer surface.
Preferably, the flooring panel has edge .regions which are formed to establish
a joint
with at least one adjacent flooring panel. More preferably, the edge region is
provided
with a compressible portion in order to render the so-formed joint
substantially watertight.
Still more preferably, the edge regions include a first relatively large
projection and the
compressible portion includes a second relatively small projection. In one
embodiment,
the first and second projections are offset relative to one another.
In another of its aspects, the present invention provides a semi-trailer
having a
payload- receiving deck formed with a plurality of flooring panels, each of
the flooring
panels including a wood core, the wood core including a plurality of strip
elements
bonded together and having a bottom surface, .and a reinforced composite layer
applied to
the bottom surface.
In still another of its aspects, the present invention provides a transport
vehicle
having a payload- receiving deck including at least one flooring panel, the
flooring panel
including a wood core, the wood core including a plurality of strip elements
bonded
together and having a bottom surface, and a reinforced composite layer applied
to the
bottom surface.
In another of its aspects, the present invention provides a method of forming
a
flooring panel for a transport vehicle, comprising the steps o~
a) fusing a plurality of wooden strip elements to form a wood core with a
lower surface;
b) applying a first adhesive layer to said bottom surface;
c) applying a layer of reinforced material on said layer of adhesive material;
and
3
CA 02275848 1999-06-21
d) applying a second adhesive layer to said reinforced material.
Preferably, the first and second adhesive layers are 'wet' and include an
isocyanate
constituent. In this context, the term 'wet' is intended to mean in a liquid
form with a
capacity to penetrate both the substrate of the wood core and the inner spaces
or voids of
the reinforcing material. More preferably, the method includes, following step
d), the step
of:
e) enveloping the wood core with a protective layer
If desired, the protective layer may include a polyurethane constituent as
well as
a hardening constituent to harden the upper surface.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Several preferred embodiments of the :present invention will be provided, by
way
of example only, with reference to the appended drawings, wherein:
Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a tractor trailer vehicle;
Figure 2 is a plan view of a semi-trailer of the vehicle of figure 1;
Figure 3 is a sectional view taken on lime 3-3 of figure 2;
Figure 4 is a side view of a panel illustrated in figure 3;
Figures Sa to Se are successive views o:f a manufacturing process to form the
panel
of figure 4.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREhERRED EMBODIMENTS
Figure 1 shows a tractor trailer vehicle 10 having a tractor and a semi-
trailer, the
latter identified at 12. The semi-trailer has a payload-receiving deck 14
supported on an
undercarriage shown schematically at 16. The semi-trailer 12 is intended to
include semi-
trailers with covers, as shown in dashed lines, and those without, as well as
other semi-
trailers which use a payload-receiving deck.
4
CA 02275848 1999-06-21
Figure 2 shows a plan view of the semi-trailer 12 and it has a substructure 18
including at least a pair of longitudinal frame members 18a and a plurality of
cross
members 18b extending between the frame members 18. A number of flooring
panels
(three of which are shown at 20, 22 and 24) acre fastened to the substructure
18.
Figure 3 shows more details of the flooring panels 20, 22 and 24. Each has at
least
one longitudinal edge region with a joint formation 28, which has a first
projection 28a
which, in this case, is relatively large and consumes roughly one half the
thickness of the
panel, on one half of the edge region thereof, and a second relatively small
sealing
projection 28b spaced from the first projection. As can be seen by figure 3,
the first and
second projections are offset from one another so that the smaller projection
of panel 20
abuts the larger proj ection of panel 22 and so on. The edge region provides a
method of
joining or tying adjacent flooring panels together to strengthen the deck.
Looking more closely at the panel 22 shown in figure 3, it will be understood
that
the panel 22 has identical features of the panells 20 and 24 with the
exception of the edge
regions in some cases. For example, the remote longitudinal edge of the panel
20, in view
of this location on the outermost edge of the substructure, may not need the
edge region
28.
The flooring panel 22 has a wood core 30 having a plurality of strip elements
32
bonded together along substantially parallel bond surfaces 34. The wood core
30 has
substantially planar upper and lower surfaces 36, 38 and a reinforced
composite layer
shown at 40 fixed to the lower surface, and which functions as a load support
layer.
The load support layer 40 is capable o:f withstanding tensile loads and
preferably
has a plurality of tensile load reinforcement elements 42 which, in one
example, are
fibreglass strands, in a woven fibreglass sheet 44, for example a 24 ounce
sheet. Desirably,
the fibreglass sheet is embedded in an adhesive matrix 46. Preferably, the
adhesive matrix
has, as one of its constituents, a resilient material in a granulated form,
such as synthetic
rubber.
5
CA 02275848 1999-06-21
The strip elements may be selected from hardwoods such as oak, aspen, maple
and birch. More particularly, the flooring panel 22 has the advantage that the
last three
of these hardwoods may be used. The flooring panel has the additional
advantage that it
can be made from selected softwoods, such as northern black spruce and
northern white
spruce, provided that it has sufficiently good mechanical properties, such as
those outlined
in Appendix One. Testing has shown that wood cores made from wood strip
elements
having a specific density ranging from about 0.39 to 0.65 have provided
satisfactory
results, although specific densities of greater than 0.65 may be used as well.
In addition,
wood elements used in the wood core may in fact be of different specific
densities, in
which case, the average specific density may desirably range from about 0.39
to about
0.65. In some cases, wood elements with lower specific densities may have
otherwise
satisfactory mechanical characteristics, such ass a suitable tension and shear
strength and
torsional stiffness. It is important to bear in mind that the specific
densities of a particular
species of wood may vary depending on the rf;gion where the specifies is
growing and is
known to be influenced by changes in climate, soil type and the like.
Testing has shown that test strip elements having a specific density ranging
from
0.35 to 0.65 should be useful in the present invention. For example, aspen has
been found
to have a specific density of about 0.40, while some birch species have
specific densities
of about 0.56, as compared with the oak species which have densities of about
0.60 and
northern black spruce has a density of about 0.50. However, strip elements
made from
woods having other specific densities may also be useable in some cases,
provided the
mechanical properties are sufficient.
Referring to figures Sa to Se, the panel is formed as follows. Refernng to
figure
Sa, the the wooden strip elements are first rough-planed (for example
equipment providing
the equivalent of 36 grit abrasive planer, in order to provide the strip
elements with
substantially parallel gluing surface. The strip elements are then kiln dried,
coated with
an adhesive resin and placed in a press, preferably a high frequency press,
thereby to form
the wood core. For example, the press may be an ultrasonic or radio frequency
press
which causes a localized frictional heating of the wood strip elements thereby
to cure the
6
CA 02275848 1999-06-21
resin and achieve a strong bond. A suitable adhesive is sold by ARCRESIN of
Montreal
Quebec and is suitably wet for the present application. In fact, testing of
some flooring
panels made according to the present technique has shown that the adhesive is
sufficiently
strong and has sufficiently penetrated the substrate of the wood core and the
reinforcing
material to the extent that the strength of the rc;sulting bond appears to be
greater than the
strength of the substrate. Referring to figure 5b, the so-formed wood core is
then rough-
planed to form substantially planar upper and lower surfaces and the
longitudinal edges are
formed to form the edge regions as above described.
Refernng to figure Sc, the lower edge is then coated with a first layer
segment of
an adhesive material, such as that sold under the trade name L)NISEAL 204-
Hard, Thin
Film, sold by LJNISEAL, Edmonton Alberta Canada, in a manner to ensure at
least some
penetrate of the adhesive into the substrate of the wood core. A second layer
segment in
the form of a sheet of woven fibreglass cloth, such as the type available from
CORNING,
is then placed on the first layer segment to allow the adhesive to wet the
fibres of the
reinforcing material, desirably minimizing air pockets therein. Referring to
figure Sd, the
facing surface of the fibreglass is then applied with a third layer segment of
the same
adhesive material. Referring to figure Se, the first and third layer segments
are then cured
to form a matrix containing the fibreglass.
The adhesive used in the matrix holdin~; the fibreglass should be sufficiently
strong
to maintain the adhesion of the load support layer on the wood core for the
duration of its
useful life. Preferable adhesives include those containing isocyanates capable
ofproducing
a wood-to-wood bond with a shear strength ranging from 1000 to 2200 psi. An
example
of a suitable adhesive is that sold under the trade name UIVISEAL 204-Hard,
Thin Film,
by L1NISEAL, Edmonton Alberta Canada. Other suitable adhesives may be those
which
exhibit one or more of the following properties, in their cured state:
Adhesion (to steel) Elcometer- 1000 to 3000 psi;
Hardness: ASTM D-2240: 65 SHORE-D;
Flexibility: ASTM D-412: 45% Elongation;
Tensile Strength: 1800 to 3000 psi;
7
CA 02275848 1999-06-21
Salt Fog: 500 hrs. With no blistering or Undercutting
UV Resistance: 500 hours. QVLT, slight yellowing and chalking (properties
intact)
Refernng to figure Se once again, the resulting panel is then enveloped in an
exterior coating, that is a coating which covers substantially the entire
outer surface of the
panel and this coating can be selected from such coatings as polyurethanes and
the like,
depending on the environment in which the so-equipped semi- trailer may be
exposed. For
example, a flat deck trailer flooring panel maybe coated with an anti-slip
compound, such
those which contain a UV inhibitor and a granular material, for example those
sold under
the trade name CHEMCRAFT.
The fibreglass contributes to the downvvard bending strength of the panel,
since the
bending of the panel places the fibreglass cloth in tension, which, as is
known to those
skilled in the art, has high tensile load limits. The use of the load support
layer therefore
allows the wood core to be thinner than the wood cores used in some
conventional semi-
trailer vehicle flooring, while providing substantially the same strength. For
example,
conventional flooring has a thickness of 1 1 /8 inch and 1 3/8 inch, while the
present
flooring may be, if desired, be 1 1/16 inch . rvleanwhile, the specific
density may be, if
desired, reduced to levels of about 0.35 for example, rather than the
conventional specific
density of 0.60 when oak is used. Moreover, a thinner wood core results in a
lower
'deadweight'. The use of the load support layer may, in some cases, allow the
hardwoods
selected for the wood core to a lower density, thereby lowering the
'deadweight' still
further and reducing cost, since such lower density hardwoods are more
plentiful.
Testing was carried out examples of t:he present flooring panel according to
the
specifications of Appendix One, the results of which are shown in tables 1 to
10. These
specifications were established by PULLMAN TRAILMOBILE, a Division of
PULLMAN, and define the standards for flooring panels used on semi-trailers.
Samples
of the present flooring panel, using a maple wood core, were tested under this
standard, the
results of which are shown in Tables l and 2. It can be seen that the samples
were capable
of withstanding mean shear loads of 6302 psi and 7289 psi respectively.
Samples of the
8
CA 02275848 1999-06-21
present flooring panel, using an aspen, oak and birch are shown Tables 3 to
10.
The useful life of a flooring panel is conventionally compared by the trucking
industry with test which is known in the fieldL as a Dynamic Cycling Test and
currently
conducted by the manufacturer GREAT DArJE, were a test bed is formed from a
steel
trailer frame and the test flooring panels are mounted on the frame to form a
test payload-
receiving deck. A test device, roughly equivalent to a small forklift truck
which is loaded
with ballast of about 10,000 pounds, is then programmed to travel back and
forth along a
foot path front and back on the test payload receiving deck. It, it is
generally held that
10 a sample floor will pass the test if it can remain intact for 15,000 cycles
of the test device,
with a moderate level of delamination along t:he glue surfaces. This 15,000
cycle test is
considered equivalent to a 15 year test. In tests carried out on selected test
samples of the
present flooring panel have withstood as many as 27,000 cycles with minimal
delamination.
To assemble the semi-trailer vehicle flooring, a number of flooring panels 20,
22
and 24 are placed on the substructure and fastc,ned in place. In so doing, the
edge region
of panel 20 is placed alongside the edge region of panel 22 and so on and the
panels are
preferably pressed together in order to force each of the small projections
into its
neighboring large projection. This arrangement is beneficial because during
use, moisture
appearing at the small/large projection interface will cause local swelling,
which in turn
will increase the compressive forces between the large and small proj ections
and the wood
in this localized area expands. The water, however, is restricted to a very
small area
surrounding the edge regions and is not able to penetrate the polyurethane
coating
envelope, to affect the bond lines of the panc;ls themselves. It should be
understood,
however, that the exterior coating envelope otherwise minimizes water
penetration into the
wood core.
Thus, the flooring panel 20 may be used in some cases to reduce the deadweight
of a semi- trailer as well as, in some cases, to improve the useful life of
trailer decks
formed with it. The flooring panel 20 mal~;es use of horizontally laminated
woven
9
CA 02275848 1999-06-21
fibreglass sheet on the underside of the flooring panel by way of an adhesive
compound
having a mixture of granulated or crumb rubber and a resin which may include
one or more
of isocyanate and polyurethane, such as that sold under the trade name
UNISEAL. The
flooring panel 20 may be used with selected :hardwoods and softwoods having
specific
densities ranging from 0.35 to 0.60, for example hardwoods such as aspen (at
0.40), and
birch (at 0.56) or maple (at 0.61), or softwood;. such as northern black
spruce at (0.50) for
the wood core . If desired, a second woven fibreglass layer may also be
applied to the
upper surface of the wood core and coated with such things as anti-slip
coatings, and the
like or those which provide increased wear resistance, for example.
The flooring panel may, in some cases, increase the longevity of the so-formed
deck by maintaining the integrity of the wood core for a longer period of
time, by
providing one or more of superior adhesion, relatively high tensile strength,
relatively high
UV ray resistance, relatively low porosity, relatively high impact resistance
and corrosion
resistance. Depending on the specific dimensions of the wood core, the density
of the
wood elements, for example, the flooring panel should in some cases be able to
contribute
to an overall reduction in deadweight by 200 to 700 pounds when compared with
conventional hardwood flooring panels, thereby increasing the payload while
reducing fuel
and maintenance costs.
While the flooring panel described herein utilizes fibreglass as a reinforcing
material in the load support layer, other materials may be used, such as
carbon fibres, or
polymer fibres such as polyester, and the like, which are held in a suitable
matrix. While
the flooring panel has been described in the context of a tractor trailer
vehicle, it will be
understood that the flooring panel may also be useful in other vehicles such
as fixed body
transport trucks and the like. Other modifications may also be made to the
embodiments
presented herein while not departing from the scope of the claims which
follow.
CA 02275848 2000-10-31
RESULTS
TEST: DRY SHEAR
NORM: "FREUHAUF" F'APER: SEPTEMBER 18T", 1970 ( LAMINATED HARDWOOD
FLOORING, SECTION 4.1 J
ASTM D-905 (STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF ADHESIVE BONDS IN SHEAR BY
COMPRESSION LOADING)
SAMPLE: No. CRIQ 98-OE3010 = MAPLE BOARD No. 1
WIDTH: 2.010 INCHES
THICKNESS: 1.290 INCH
EQUIPMENT: INSTRON 4206 AND TINUS OLSEN SHEAR TEST EQUIPMENT
SPEED: 0.20 INCH PER MINUTE
TEMPERATURE: AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (21° C, 70° F)
RESULTS:
SAMPLE FORCE STRESS
NUMBER__ POUNDS PSI
1 _ 2.236 .882
~
2 6.008 2.317
__
~~
3 7.256 2.798
__
~
4 6.841 2.638
__
~
4.302 1.659
_ _
~
6 7.437 2.868
_
7 __ 6.765 2.609
8 _ 8.352 3.221
9 __ _6_.427 2.479
~
8.458 3.261
___
11 ___ 3.036 1.171
12 _ 7.462 2.878
13 __ 3.276 1.263
MEAN 6.302 2.430
' STD.DEVIATIOP~1.829 70706
_i
TABLE 1
CA 02275848 2000-10-31
RESULTS
TEST; DRY SHEAR
NORM: "FREUHAUF" PAPER: SEPTEMBER 18T", 1970 ( LAMINATED HARDWOOD
FLOORING, SECTION 4.1 )
ASTM D-905 (STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF ADHESIVE BONDS IN SHEAR BY
COMPRESSION LOADING)
SAMPLE: No. CRIQ 98-08010 = MAPLE BOARD No. 2
WIDTH: 2.007 INCHES
THICKNESS: 1.275 INCH
EQUIPMENT: INSTRON 4206 ~1ND TINUS OLSEN SHEAR TEST EQUIPMENT
SPEED: 0.20 INCH PER MINUTE
TEMPERATURE: AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (21° C, 70° F)
RESULTS:
SAMPLE FORCE STRESS
NUMBER POUNDS t
PSI
1 __ 6.036 2.369
2 _ 1.331 .520
3 __ 7.611 2.974
~
4 7.550 2.950
_
~
7.548 2.949
__
6 _ 4.181 1.634
~
7 7.812 3.053
__
~
8 10.730 4.193
_
~
9 5.426 2.120
__
_ 7.103 2.776
~
11 _ 9.350 3.654
_
12 _ 7.450 2.911
~
_ 13 6.668 2.606
__
MEAN _ , 7.289 2.848
STD.DEVIATION~ 1.699 6
-I
TABLE 2
CA 02275848 2000-10-31
RESULTS
TEST: DRY SHEAR
NORM: "FREUHAUF" PAPER: SEPTEMBER 18T" 1970 ( LAMINATED HARDWOOD
FLOORING, SECTION 4.1 )
ASTM D-905 (STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF ADHESIVE BONDS IN SHEAR BY
COMPRESSION LOADING)
SAMPLE: No. CRICI 98-08011 = ASPEN BOARD No.1
WIDTH: 2.008 INCHES
THICKNESS: 1.406 INCH
EQUIPMENT: INSTRON 4206 AND TINUS OLSEN SHEAR TEST EQUIPMENT
SPEED: 0.20 INCH PER MINUTE
TEMPERATURE: AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (21° C, 70° F)
RESULTS:
SAMPLE FORCE STRESS
''
i
NUMBER _ POUNDS PSI
1 _ 4.133 1.464
2 _ 4.354 1.542
3 _ 4.819 1.707
4 5.156 1
826
__ 4.724 .
1.673
_ ~ 4.922 1.743
I'- 6 _
7 _ ' 5.306 1.879
8 _- _ 5.000 1.771
i 9 _ ' 3.587 1.271
_ ' 5.404 1.914
11 4.719 1.671
!
_ 2.662 .943
12 ~_~
13 _ 3.484 1.234
MEAN 4.634 1.641
,
_ .628 .222
_
STD.DEVIATION
i
TnBLE 3
CA 02275848 2000-10-31
RESULTS
TEST: DRY SHEAR
NORM: "FREUHAUF" PAPER: SEPTEMBER 18T". 1970 ( LAMINATED HARDWOOD
FLOORING, SECTION 4.1 )
ASTM D-905 (STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF ADHESIVE BONDS IN SHEAR BY
COMPRESSION LOADING)
SAMPLE: No. CRIQ 98-08011 = ASPEN BOARD No. 2
WIDTH: 2.013 INCHES
THICKNESS: 1.407 INCH
EQUIPMENT: INSTRON 4206 AND TINUS OLSEN SHEAR TEST EQUIPMENT
SPEED: x.20 INCH I MINUTE
TEMPERATURE: AMBIENT TEMPf_RATURE (21° C, 70° F)
RESULTS:
SAMPLE FORCE STRESS
NUMBER _ POUNDS PSI
1 _ 4.111 1.451
2 _ 5.984 2.113
3 6145 2.169
~
4 _ 5.6_99 2.012
_
_ 5.684 2.007
6 _ 2.1_55 .761
7 _ 6_.0 2.125
20
8 _ _ 1.835
5.198
9 _ 5.385 1.901
_ 5.124 1.809
11 __ 4.805 1.697
~
12 4.069 1.437
_
13 2.886 1.019
MEAN _ 5.093 1.798
STD.DEVIATION.979 .346
TABLE 4
CA 02275848 2000-10-31
RESULTS
TEST. DRY SHEAR
NORM: "FREUHAUF" PAPER: SEPTEMBER 18T", 1970 ( LAMINATED HARDWOOD
FLOORING, SECTION 4.1 )
ASTM D-905 (S'TRENGTH PROPERTIES OF ADHESIVE BONDS IN SHEAR BY
COMPRESSION LOADING)
SAMPLE: No. CRIQ 98-08012 = OAK BOARD
WIDTH: 2.013 INCHES
THICKNESS: 1.295 INCH
EQUIPMENT: INSTRON 4206 AND TINUS OLSEN SHEAR TEST EQUIPMENT
SPEED: 0.20 INCH I MINUTE
TEMPERATURE: AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (21° C, 70° Fj
RESULTS.
SAMPLE FORCE STRESS
NUMBER __ POUNDS PSI
1 _ 3.684 1.143
2 _ 5.549 2.128
3 _ 5.444 2.088
4 6.137 2.354.
_ 5.786 2.226
~
6 6.777 2.600
_
~
7 _ 6.773 2.59F~
_
8 _ 2.989 1.147
~
~
9 _ 6.737 2.584
_
_
__ 5.843 2.241
11 __ 5.033 1.931
12 _ 5.621 2.156
13 _ 5.555 2.131
MEAN 5.745 2.204
i
STD.DEVIATION.863 .331
TABLE 5
CA 02275848 2000-10-31
RESULTS
TEST: DRY SHEAR
NORM: "FREUHAUF" PAPER: SEPTEMBER 18T", 1970 ( LAMINATED HARDWOOD
FLOORING, SECTION 4.1 )
ASTM D-905 (Sl'RENGTH PROPERTIES OF ADHESIVE BONDS IN SHEAR BY
COMPRESSION LOADING)
SAMPLE: No. CRIQ 98-08013 = BIRCH BOARD
WIDTH: 2.003 INCHES
THICKNESS: 1.258 INCH
EQUIPMENT: INSTRON 4206 AND TINUS OLSEN SHEAR TEST EQUIPMENT
SPEED: 0.20 INCH l MINUTE
TEMPERATURE: AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (21° C, 70° F)
RESULTS:
SAMPLE FORCE STRESS
NUMBER __ POUNDS PSI
1 __ 4.806 1.907
2 _ 5.746 2.280
3 4.805 1.907
4 _ 6.314 2.506
4.297 1.705
6 _ 5.992 2.378
~
7 5.887 2.336
__
8 _ 3.302 1.310
9 6.254 2.482
__ 6.028 2.392
11 5.481 2.175
12 _ 5.550 2.206
' 13 _ 6.209 2.464
MEAN _ 5.614 2.228
STD.DEVIATION.655 .260
,
TABLE 6
CA 02275848 2000-10-31
RESULTS
TEST: THREE POINTS FLEXION
NORM: ASTM D-790 ( FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF UNREINFORCED AND REINFORCED
PLASTICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATING MATERIALS )
SPAN: 12 INCHES
SAMPLE: No. CRIQ 98-08010 = MAPLE BOARDS
EQUIPMENT: INSTRON 4206
SPEED: 2.00 INCHES I MINUTE
TEMPERATURE: AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (21° C, 70° F)
RESULTS:
BOARD SAMPLE. WIDTH THICKNESS FORCE
NUMBER INCHES INCH POUNDS
1 1 _ 12.00 1.290 20.630
1 2 _ 12.00 1.275 18.590
2 1 _ 12.00 1.298 21.920
2 2 12.00 1.295 20.520
MEAN 20.415
_
STD. 1.373
DEVIATION
TABLE 7
CA 02275848 2000-10-31
RESULTS
TEST: THREE POINTS FLEXION
NORM: ASTM D-790 ( FILEXURAL PROPERTIES OF UNREINFORCED AND
REINFORCED
PLASTICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATING MATERIALS )
SPAN: 12 INCHES
SAMPLE: No. CRIQ 98-08011 = ASPEN BOARDS
EQUIPMENT: INSTRON 4206
SPEED: 2.00 INCHES I MINUTE
TEMPERATURE: AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (21° C, 70° F)
RESULTS:
BOARD SAMPLE WIDTH THICKNESS FORCE
NUMBEF; INCHES INCH POUNDS
1 1 12.00 1.406 17.050
1 2 12.00 1.414 15.640
2 1 12.00 1.407 17.330
2 2 12.00 1.407 17.270
M EAN _ 16.823
STD. .797
DEVIATION
TABLE 8
CA 02275848 2000-10-31
RESULTS
TEST: THREE POINTS FLEXION
NORM: ASTM D-790 ( FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF UNREINFORCED AND
REINFORCED
PLASTICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATING MATERIALS )
SPAN: 121NCHES
SAMPLE: No. CRIQ 98-08CI12 = OAK BOARD
EQUIPMENT: INSTRON 4206
SPEED: 2.00 INCHES / MINUTE
TEMPERATURE: AMBIENT TEMPIERATURE (21 ° C, 70° F;i
RESULTS:
BOARD WIDTH THICKNESS FORCE
INCHES INCH POUNDS
1 12.00 1.295 19.200
_
2 12.00 1.297 18.880
MAN ~ 19.040
TABLE 9
CA 02275848 2000-10-31
RESULTS
TEST: THREE POINTS I=LEXION
NORM: ASTM D-790 ( FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF UNREINFORCED AND REINFORCED
PLASTICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATING MATERIALS )
SPAN: 12 INCHES
SAMPLE: No. CRIQ 98-08013 = BIRCH BOARD
EQUIPMENT: INSTRON 4206
SPEED: 2.00 INCHES I MIINUTE
TEMPERATURE: AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (21° C, 70° F)
RESULTS:
BOARD WIDTH THICKNESS FORCE
INCHES'i_INCH POUNDS
1 12.00 1.258 19.010
_
2 12.00 1.254 18.620
MEAN 18.815
TABLE 10
