Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
CA 02291597 2009-06-18
ONE-PIECE FLASHING
Background of the Invention
Field of the Invention:
This invention relates to one-piece flashings pre-
formed to fit against building surfaces at certain multi-
surface intersections, especially at a common corner where
several of the surfaces meet and where the possibility of
water infiltration has heretofore been particularly likely
to occur.
The Prior Art:
Standard practice to prevent water infiltration at an
intersection of several surfaces on structures, such as
houses and other buildings, has been to create rigid,
multi-piece flashings'on the job by bending pieces of
sheet metal during the construction or repair of such
structures. The assembled flashings are then fitted
against the intersecting building surfaces with at least
part of at least one of the sheet metal pieces overlapping
part of another. The joints between overlapping pieces
are sealed by caulking material or the like. Although
construction of these multi-piece flashings is time-
consuming and difficult to do, they have been found to.be
unavoidable where the intersection to be sealed requires
the flashing to have more than two panels.
Not only is a three-panel flashing inherently diffi-
cult to form on the job, especially where the arrangement
of the panels is such that the flashing cannot be cut as a
unitary structure from one piece of sheet metal, but the
intersection to be protected requires that at least one of
the three panels intersect at least one of the other
panels at an angle other than a right angle. This is due
to the fact that one of the panels is in a plane parallel
to a roof surface, and another panel is parallel to a wall
surface that intersects the roof surface at the non-right
angle. In addition, the non-right angle may have a
variety of values according to the design of the building,
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since it is common for roofs on different buildings, and
even on the same building, to have different slopes. This
further increases the difficulty of forming the flashing
of multiple pieces in advance of construction of the
building and taking it to the job site ready to install.
Another serious problem in multi-piece flashings is
that, over a period of time, the caulking tends to break
down and lose its adhesion to the surface with which it is
supposed to bond. This breakdown can occur at any time,
and it is not uncommon for it to occur within four or five
years, or sometimes less, from the date the caulking was
applied. If that happens and a substantial amount of
moisture works its, way into the building as a result, the
damage to the building can be substantial. Water is
particularly likely. to infiltrate the building at a common
corner where three building surfaces intersect.
One way that the building trades responsible for
initial construction or repair of the parts of a building
where such infiltration is likely to occur have tried to
prevent it is by applying a lot of caulking material as a
coating on potential trouble spots. Even if that works as
a technique for long-time prevention of water
infiltration, the area thus coated is likely to display an
unsightly agglomeration of caulking material.
Objects and Summary of the Invention
It is an object of this invention to provide one-
piece, preformed flashings, each having a shape that fits
certain surface intersections on a building.
It is another object to provide one-piece flashings
shaped to fit standard surface intersection angles on a
building to achieve economy of scale by manufacturing such
flashings in quantity.
A further object is to provide one-piece flashings
comprising at least three intersecting panels to fit a
building at the intersection of three building surfaces.
Another object is to provide one-piece flashings
formed to fit the intersection of vertical building walls
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with roofs intersecting those walls at certain standard
slopes.
Yet another object of this invention is to provide a
one-piece flashing comprising a plurality of panels of
material impervious to water, each of the panels having
first and second edges that radiate from a common
location, the first and second edges of each of the panels
being joined watertight respectively to the first edge of
the panel on one side thereof and to the second edge of
the panel on the other side thereof, the common locations
of all of the panels being substantially at a watertight
corner, and the panels being angularly displaced from each
other with at least one of the panels being displaced from
at least one other of the panels by an angle other then
90 .
Still another object is to provide a self-supporting,
one-piece flashing to be fitted against at least two flat,
intersecting, non-coplanar surfaces of a building to
prevent infiltration of water into the building, said
flashing comprising: first, second, and third panels of
water-tight, weather-resistant material, each panel com-
prising first and second edges that converge toward a
common location and a third edge that forms a respective
part of the periphery of the flashing, each of said first
and second edges of each panel radiating out from the
common location to the respective part of the periphery of
the flashing and being joined watertight to respective
proximal second and first edges of each of the adjoining
panels on both sides thereof with the common location of
each panel being closely adjacent to and joined watertight
to the common location of each of the other panels to form
a watertight common corner, at least two of the panels
being substantially flat, and at least one of the panels
intersecting another of the panels at an angle other than
perpendicular, the flashing being watertight from the
watertight common corner outward along each of said panels
and each of said edges thereof.
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Another object is to provide a preformed flashing for
preventing water infiltration at the intersection of
surfaces of a building, said flashing comprising: a first
water-impervious panel that has first and second edges
that converge toward a first common location; a second
water-impervious panel that has first and second edges
that converge toward a second common location; a first
water-impervious region of intersection joining the first
edge of the first panel to the first edge of the second
panel, the second panel being angularly displaced at a
first angle with respect to the first panel; a third
water-impervious panel having first and second edges; a
second water-impervious region of intersection joining the
first edge of the third panel to the second edge of the
second panel; a third water-impervious region of intersec-
tion joining the second edge of the third panel to the
second edge of the first panel; at least a portion of the
third panel being angularly displaced at a second angle
with respect to the first panel and at least a portion of
the third panel being angularly displaced at the second
angle with respect to the second panel, whereby the first,
second and third panels and the water-impervious regions
joining those panels together define a common corner
impervious to water.
Yet a further object is to provide method of
producing a self-supporting, multi-panel, water-impervious
flashing comprising the steps of: heating a quantity of
plastic at least sufficient to constitute the flashing;
and forming the heated plastic into a desired shape that
includes at least three panels, each not substantially
thicker than 1/8" and oriented with respect to each other
such that they intersect at a common watertight corner.
Those who are skilled in the technology with which
this invention deals will recognize further objects after
studying the following description.
This invention comprises a one-piece flashing formed
with first and second panels joined together, watertight,
at a first angle along a first line of intersection. The
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first angle may be a right angle or it may be the angle
between a sloping roof and a vertical wall. The flashing
further includes a third panel that makes a watertight
junction with the first panel along a second line of
intersection, where the first and third panels meet at a
second angle. The third panel also makes a watertight
junction with the second panel along a third line of
intersection and at a third angle, and the three lines of
intersection meet at a common point. It is essential that
the panels and all of the junctions between the panels
along all of the lines of intersection and, especially at
the common point, be impervious to water. This can be
accomplished by forming the flashing as a unitary
structure, such as by stamping it or molding it, and, if
necessary, forming permanent seals at any abutting edges
created during the formation of the flashing.
The angles formed at the intersections of the three
panels are determined by the angles at intersections
between surfaces of the structure against which the
flashing must fit. One of the panels typically is in
surface-to-surface contact with a portion of the roof of
the building and another of the panels is in surface-to-
surface contact with a vertical wall intersected by the
roof. The third panel can be in surface-to-surface with
another wall, or it can be free-standing, but still making
angles with the other panels, and, together, these panels
and the water-impervious regions of intersection that join
them together prevent water from infiltrating at the
common point where the panels meet.
In accordance with an aspect of the present
invention, there is provided a one-piece flashing
comprising first, second, and third panels of material
impervious to water, each of the panels having first and
second edges that radiate from a common location on the
respective panel, each of said first and second edges of
each of the panels extending alongside and being joined
watertight to the proximal first or second edge of the
panels on each side thereof, the common locations of all
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of the panels being substantially at a watertight inside
corner, and the panels being angularly displaced from each
other with the third panel being displaced from the first
panel by an angle greater than 9Q0 and from the second
panel by an angle less than or equal to 900.
In accordance with another aspect of the present
invention, there is provided a preformed flashing for
preventing water infiltration at the intersection of a
planar wall surface and a planar roof surface of a
building, the roof surface intersecting the wall surface
along a horizontal line of intersection and extending away
from the plane of the wall surface at an obtuse angle,
said flashing comprising: (a) a substantially planar first
water-impervious panel that includes a first common
location; (b) a substantially planar second water-
impervious panel that has first and second edges that
converge toward a second common location on the second
panel; (c) a first water-impervious region of intersection
joining the first edge of the second panel to the first
panel and with the common locations closely adjacent each
other, the second panel extending away from the plane of
the first panel in a certain direction and at an obtuse
angle with respect to the first panel; (d) a third water-
impervious panel having first and second portions with
first and second edges, respectively, that converge toward
a third common location: (e) a second water-impervious
region of intersection joining the first edge of the third
panel to the first panel, (f) a third water-impervious
region of intersection joining the second edge of the
third panel to the second edge of the second panel, a
first portion of the third panel adjacent the second
water-impervious region of intersection extending away
from the first panel at a second angle with respect to the
first panel and a second portion of the third panel
adjacent the third water-impervious region of intersection
extending away from the second panel at a third angle with
respect to the second panel, whereby the first, second and
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third panels and the water-impervious regions joining them
together define a common corner impervious to water, whereby
the one-piece flashing is impervious to water.
In accordance with another aspect of the present
invention, there is provided a self-supporting, one-piece,
weather-resistant, multi-panel flashing impervious to water
and comprising: (a) a first panel comprising a first edge and
a certain location on the first panel proximal to a point on
the first edge; (b) a second panel substantially
perpendicular to the first panel and comprising first and
second edges that converge toward a certain location on the
second panel, the first edge of the second panel extending
along the first edge of the first panel and being joined
watertight to the first panel with the respective certain
],5 locations on the second and first panels being adjacent each
other; (c) a third panel comprising first and second edges
converging toward a certain location on the third panel, the
first edge of the third panel being adjacent to and joined
watertight to the first panel, at least a portion of the
third panel adjacent the first edge thereof extending away
from the first panel at an included angle greater than 900,
the second edge of the third panel extending generally along
a substantial portion of the second edge of the second panel,
a substantial portion of the third panel being at an included
angle less than or equal to 901 to the second panel, and the
respective common locations on the first, second, and third
panels being proximal to each other and joined together to
form a watertight common inside corner.
The invention will be described in greater detail in
connection with the following drawings.
Brief Description of the Drawings
Fig. I is a perspective view of one example of a corner
or chimney flashing positioned against a fragment of a
building including a sloping roof surface and two vertical
surfaces, such as vertical wall surfaces of a dormer or a
chimney.
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Fig. 2 is a perspective view of one example of a roof
stop flashing positioned against a fragment of a building
comprising a wall and a roof.
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of one example of a
kick-out flashing positioned against a fragment of a
building comprising a vertical wall and a sloping roof,
with the flashing overhanging a gutter to direct water
away from the building surfaces and into the gutter.
Figs. 4-6 are orthographic views of an alternative
form of one-piece kick-out flashing.
Fig. 7 shows a modified form of one-piece roof stop
flashing incorporating means to permit the flashing to
accommodate different roof slopes.
Fig. 8 shows a one-piece corner flashing mounted at
the junction of two vertical, perpendicular wall panels.
Fig..9 shows a ridge cap flashing incorporating means
to permit the flashing to accommodate different roof
slopes.
Fig. 10 shows a modified form of kick-out flashing
with means to accommodate different roof slopes.
Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiments
Fig. 1 shows a fragment of a dormer 11, including
fragments of its front and side surfaces 12 and 13,
extending above a fragment of a shingled roof 14. The
front surface of the dormer intersects the side surface
perpendicularly along a line of intersection 16. The side
surface 13 or the dormer intersects the roof
perpendicularly along a line of intersection 17. The roof
14 intersects the front surface 12 along a line of inter-
section 18 at an angle 7 that is not 90 and is measured in
an imaginary plane perpendicular to the line 18.
The roofing material used in this embodiment includes
shingles 19 along with other materials that are well known
as being used in roofing systems. These other materials,
such as roofing felt, do not significantly affect the
angular dimensions involved in the following description
and will not be discussed. For illustrative purposes, a
fragment of exterior cladding material 20 is shown
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attached to the side 13 of the dormer. In this instance,
the material 20 is exterior insulating and finish system,
commonly referred to by its acronym EIFS, but other
cladding materials may be used instead. Other materials
commonly placed between the outer materials, i.e., the
shingles 19 and the cladding 20, and the underlying
structures to which. they are attached are not shown,
although they are understood to be present in accordance
with good building practices.
The exterior siding components that would normally be
applied to the front surface 12 of the dormer have been
removed to expose the front sheathing 21, and the fragment
of cladding 20 only covers part of the sheathing 22 on the
side 13. Part of the shingles, along with other
components of the roof system that would normally be
underneath them, have been stripped away in the area
immediately adjacent the dormer 11 to display the roof
sheathing 23 underneath. The sheathings provide a
physically supporting base for other components, such as
the roofing material and the cladding. Not shown in the
drawing but typically used in actual construction is a
thin layer of wrapping material applied directly over the
wall sheathings as a weather barrier. The one-piece
flashing 24 is attached on top of that weather barrier.
Tyvek is a wrapping material frequently used for that
purpose, as is 15 lb. felt.
One embodiment of a one-piece flashing 24 formed with
a plurality of panels according to this invention is shown
in the stripped regions of the roof 14 and the dormer 11
in virtual surface-to-surface contact with the sheathings
21-23. The thin, standard layers of weather barrier are
not shown. In this embodiment the flashing has three such
panels 25-27, each of which comprises a first edge 25a-27a
that meets a second edge 25b-27b of the same panel at a
corner 25c-27c, respectively. Each of the edges 25a-27a
is joined watertight with the edge 25b-27b of another one
of the panels along the entire line, or region, of in-
tersection between those panels, and the corners 25c-27c
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of all of the panels meet in a watertight common corner
location. The watertightness of the intersections of
these panels and of their common corner is essential to
successful operation of the one-piece flashing 24 in
preventing infiltration of water into the lines of
intersection 16-18 of the underlying sheathing materials
21-23.
Since the panels 25-27 are in virtual surface-to-
surface contact with the sheathings 20-22 (ignoring any
thin layer of Tyvek or other material of negligible
thickness), the panels intersect each other at the same
angles as the sheathings. Angle a between the front and
side walls and angle (3 between the side wall and the roof
are each 90 , which is the common angle of intersection
between the front and side of most dormers and between the
side of most dormers and the roof. Although only one side
of a dormer is shown, it is obvious that dormers normally
have two sides, and a mirror image of the flashing 24 will
normally be required.
The angle y is not 90 . As can be seen, it is greater
than 90 since it is the angle between the vertical
sheathing 21 and the sloping roof sheathing 23 and is
therefore equal to 90 plus the slope angle. Different
roofs have different slopes, and so the angle y has to be
based on the architectural design of the building on which
the one-piece flashing of this invention is to be used.
The slope is the ratio obtained by dividing the vertical
rise from a given point on the roof to a higher point on
the roof by the distance along a horizontal line, one end
of which is at the given point and the other end is
directly under the higher point. The standard horizontal
distance used in such computations is 12", and the slope
is therefore specified in inches of rise divided by 12".
A typical standard slope is a 4" rise for 12" along the
horizontal line and is spoken of as 4/12. Other standard
slopes are 5/12, 6/12, 8/12, 10/12, and 12/12, which
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correspond to slope angles of approximately 18 30', 22 40',
26 40' , 33 40' , 39 50' , and 45 , respectively. The angle y
is 90 greater than these angles. While this angle could
be based on other ratios, it is preferable, to obtain
economies of scale in the commercial manufacture of the
one-piece flashing, to use ratios such as these that are
standard architectural values.
Fig. 1 illustrates the flashing 24 as being used on
the corner of a dormer, but it can also be used on other
corners of corresponding configuration, such as the lower
corner of a chimney and a sloping roof, for example, and
will be referred to hereinafter as a corner flashing.
In this embodiment, the angle between the first panel
25, which is pressed against the front sheathing 21, and
the second panel 26, which is in virtual surface-to-
surface contact with the side sheathing 22, is the same
90 angle as those sheathings, and the angle between the
second and third panels 26 and 27 is the same 90 angle as
the angle between the side sheathing 22 and the roof
sheathing 23, since the latter panels are in virtual
surface-to-surface contact with the side sheathing 22 and
the roof sheathing 23, respectively. Similarly, the angle
between the panels 25 and 27 is the same as the angley
between the front sheathing 21 and the roof sheathing 23.
The first panel 25 in this embodiment is rectangular,
with a vertical height T measured from its lower edge 25b
to its upper edge 28 and a horizontal width U measured
from the left-hand edge 25a to the right-hand edge 29.
The height T and width U are great enough so that most of
this panel will be well covered by front wall cladding to
be applied later to the front sheathing 21. A suitable
value for T is 8" and for U is also 8", although the
invention is not limited to these values. Furthermore,
the upper part of the edge 28 need not be horizontal and
the side part of the edge 28 need not be vertical, as
shown and neither part need be straight, as long as both
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parts of the edge 28 are well covered by the wall cladding
to be applied later in the construction of the building.
The panel 25 may be provided with one or more
fastener holes 30 and 31 close enough to the upper edge 28
and to its left edge 25a and right edge 29 (preferably
within about an inch in each instance) so that the
fasteners (typically nails) to be driven through these
holes will hold the one-piece flashing 24 firmly in place
against the front sheathing 21 of the dormer 11 and will
also be well protected by cladding later to be applied to
the front sheathing 21.
The panels 25-27 may not be absolutely flat as
manufactured; they may be somewhat warped, particularly
according to the type of manufacturing used. However,
they are sufficiently flat to justify the use of that
term, and fastening them in place on the building surfaces
improves their flatness under the circumstances that
count. The second panel 26 is held flat against the side
sheathing 22 by a fastener through a hole 32 in its upper
rear corner and by the fasteners through the holes in the
panel 25. These three fasteners are sufficient, with the
assistance of the cladding and roofing materials later to
be applied overlapping the panels 25-27, to hold the one-
piece flashing 24 firmly in place. The nail holes 30-32
are sufficiently protected from water infiltration so that
they do not keep the panels from being watertight, or
impervious to water, as the panels are used.
The dimension V of the panel 26 in the vertical
direction, i.e., parallel to the vertical edge 26b, is
such that the upper edge 33 in this embodiment intersects
the upper edge 28 of the first panel 25 at the line of
intersection of the edges 25a and 26b. Although this is
less than the height T of the panel 25, it makes the width
of the panel 26, as measured in the direction
perpendicular to the edge 26a sufficient to cause the
upper edge 33 to extend well above the lower edge of any
cladding, such as the cladding 20 applied to the side
surface 13 of the dormer 11. The perpendicular distance
CA 02291597 2009-06-18
from the edge 26a to the edge 33 is preferably at least
about 6".
The roof panel 27 is L-shaped and is entirely
watertight from the watertight intersection of the edge
27a with the edge 25b to its lowermost edge 34 and from
its edge 35 farthest to the right to its edge 36 farthest
to the left and from its uppermost edge 37 to the edge 34
and from its edge 36 to the watertight intersection of the
edge 27b with the edge 26a of the panel 26. The fact that
the panel 27 is L-shaped and yet lies entirely flat
against the roof sheathing 23 makes it convenient to think
of the panel 27 as comprising three areas 38-40. The area
38 is partly bounded by the edges 27a, 35, and part of
edge 34, and the area 39 is partly bounded by the edge 37,
the edge 27b, and part of the edge 36. The lower, left
corner area 40 of the panel 27 could be considered to be
part of either the area 38 or the area 39 and is partly
bounded by the remainder of the edge 34 and the remainder
of the edge 36.
One way of creating the one-piece flashing out of
sheet metal is to form the panel 25 and the area 38 from a
first piece of the metal and the panel 26 and the area 39
from a second piece of metal. The corner are 40 could be
an integral part of either the area 38 or the area 39, and
the two pieces could be joined together watertight along
the intersections of the edges 25a and 26b and along a
line of intersection 41 or 42, depending on whether the
area 40 was part of the area 38 or 39.
Alternatively, the whole one-piece flashing can be
pressed, or shaped, of a single piece of metal as a
single, watertight unit. It can also be assembled of
plastic sheets joined together at their edges into a
watertight whole. And it can be molded as a single unit
of plastic, such as by injection molding or pressure
molding or vacuum forming. However, the panels should not
be too thick so as not to lift the edges of the shingles
or other roofing material, or the wall cladding, away from
the surfaces they are supposed to be against. To do so
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would allow wind. to get under the lifted edges and would
facilitate infiltration of water. Metal of about 32 gauge
or plastic having a thickness of not more than about
.0625" is preferred. Aluminum can be used, although it is
somewhat difficult to weld in that it requires a high
current. However, it may require a surface coating to
prevent corrosion. Plastic capable of withstanding the
environmental conditions to which it is likely to be
exposed, and which has the necessary strength, can be
used. Vinyl of the type used on exterior wall surfaces of
houses is a good choice.
If the one-piece flashing 24 is formed of sheet
metal, it would also be possible to fold the panels 25 and
26 and both areas 38 and 39 out of one piece of sheet
metal to which the corner area 40 would then be joined by
watertight seals, for example, welds, 41 and 42.
The flashing 24 could be formed in still other ways,
but it is essential that it be a one-piece, watertight
unit as delivered to the job site.
The dimensions of the areas 38-40 of the panel 27 are
such as to place the edges 34 and 36 well under the
shingles 19 that, in the completed roof, will overlap
them. For example, the perpendicular distance W from the
edge 27b to the edge 36 may be 4" or more, and the
perpendicular distance X from the edge 27a to the edge 34
may also be 4". The length Y of the area 39 alongside the
side wall is 14". It is not essential that the edges 28,
29, 33-37, or the rear edge 43 of the panel 26 be
absolutely straight or parallel to other edges provided
that all of the panels of which they form boundaries
extend far enough under any cladding or roofing materials
later to be applied to prevent water from infiltrating
around these edges.
Fig. 2 shows another embodiment of one-piece flashing
44, called kick-out flashing, the purpose of which is to
guide water to the gutter 45 while preventing it from
infiltrating along an intersection between the roof 46 and
a side wall 47 or farther on down the wall system. As in
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Fig. 1, no cladding is shown on the side wall adjacent the
intersection with the roof, only the underlying sheathing
48. In addition, the shingles 49 and other roofing
materials, including the customary roofing felt, have been
removed adjacent that intersection to display the
underlying roof sheathing 50.
The flashing 44 comprises a first panel 52 in
surface-to-surface contact with the vertical side
sheathing 48, a second panel 53, and a third panel 54.
The third panel lies flat on the roof sheathing 50 and,
accordingly, has the same. slope. As in the case of the
one-piece flashing 24 in Fig. 1, .the panels 52-54 are
joined together watertight at all points, including their
common edges, or lines, or regions, of intersection, and
the common corner 55. One of the lines of intersection 56
is shown between the panels 52 and 53, a second line of
intersection 57 is shown between the panels 53 and 54, and
a third line of intersection 59 is shown between the
panels 52 and 54.
In Fig. 2, the third panel 54 is not in surface-to-
surface contact with any other surface of the building,
and although it is flat in this embodiment, flatness is
not mandatory. Its lower corner 61 at the end of the line
of intersection 57 extends beyond the edge of the roof and
terminates over the gutter. The third panel 54 is.not
perpendicular to either the vertical first panel 52 or the
sloping second panel 53. In this embodiment, it makes an
obtuse angle of about 110 with the first panel. The
angle between the third panel 54 and the second panel 53,
there will be based on the slope of the roof 46.
There are two nail holes 62 and 63, each about 5"
from the intersection of the sheathing with the roof,
which would place these holes well above the lower edge of
any wall cladding later to be applied to the wall
sheathing 48. The front panel 54 of the one-piece kick-
out flashing 44 is preferably about 13.5" high, and this
panel sticks out about 4" from the side wall 47.
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The width of the second panel 53 from the line of
intersection 56 between that panel and the wall panel 52
is sufficient to carry any runoff beyond the lower corner
61 and is preferably at least about 4". It is preferable
to use bond breaker tape between the wall sheathing 48 and
the wall panel 52 located over the gutter 45 in the kick-
out flashing 44.
The one-piece flashing 44 can be made of the same
materials and in the same way as the one-piece flashing 24
in Fig. 1. Since the panels 52-54 are all folded toward
each other, they can be made of a single sheet of metal
and do not require a second sheet, such as is necessary to
form some part of the panel 27 in Fig. 1. The one-piece
flashing 44 can be pressed out of sheet metal without any
weld, and it can be formed of plastic in any of the ways
suitable for that material. However, it is essential, as
in all other flashings, that the common corner 55 be
watertight.
Fig. 3 shows a third embodiment of this invention.
It is referred to as a roof stop flashing 66, which is
located at the end of a gable return 67 and is designed to
stop and to divert water from running into the face wall
68 at the point where the gable return terminates and the
wall is continuous, above and below the soffit 69 and will
prevent infiltration of water at any point along that
path.
The one-piece roof stop flashing 66 has three panels
71-73 joined together at watertight lines of intersection
74-76 to make a watertight structure, including,
particularly, their common corner 77. The reason for
emphasizing the watertightness at the common corners in
the embodiments used to illustrate this invention is that
such corners have heretofore been particularly difficult
points to obtain a sufficient seal in prior, multi-piece
flashing assemblies.
The panel 71 of the roof stop flashing 66 is held
flat against the vertical wall sheathing 78 by fasteners
through two holes 79 and 80, and the panel 72 lies flat
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against the gable return, the slope of which determines
the angle between these two panels. The third panel 73
extends out from the wall sheathing 78 to prevent water
from running to the right of that panel. The dimension of
the panel is about 3" from the line of intersection 75 and
about 3" from the line of intersection 76.
It should be pointed out that all three of the one-
piece flashings 24, 44, and 66 would be made not only in
the form shown but also in mirror images of those forms.
The one-piece roof stop flashing can be made of the same
materials and in any of the ways described heretofore in
the descriptions of the one-piece corner flashing 24 in
Fig. 1 and the one-piece flashing 44 in Fig. 2.
Figs. 4-6 are orthographic views of an alternative
form of one-piece kick-out flashing 81 having a first
panel 82, that is to be placed in surface-to-surface
contact with a vertical wall panel in a manner similar to
the kick-out flashing 44 in Fig. 2.
The kick-out flashing 81 also has a second panel 83
that intersects the panel 82 perpendicularly at a region
of intersection 84. Instead of a flat panel at the end of
the panels 82 and 83, which would be the downhill ends of
these panels, the kick-out flashing 81 has a panel 86 of
more complex, non-flat configuration that includes a main
part 87 and a secondary part 88 that joins the main part
of the panel 82 along a region of intersection 89. The
main and secondary parts of the panel 86 are joined along
a line of intersection 91. The bottom edges of the parts
87 and 88 are joined to the proximal edge of the panel 83
by a sloping channel 92, which is configured somewhat like
a sector of a conical shell that carries water down to a
gutter in the manner shown in Fig. 2. One side of this
channel has a line of intersection 93 with the part 87 and
a line of intersection 94 with the part 88. The other
side of the channel 92 is joined to the proximal edge of
the panel 83 at a line of intersection 96, and the channel
92 comprises a region of intersection joining the panel 83
watertight to the panel 86.
CA 02291597 2009-06-18
As in the kick-out flashing 44 in Fig. 2, the panels
82, 83, and 86 and the channel 92 form a unitary, unbroken
structure that is formed without any holes or seams
requiring that they be joined together on the job or at
any time after original formation. In particular, a
common point at the junction 98 of the lines of
intersection 89, 94, and 96 is thus formed watertight.
There is another common point at the junction 98 of the
lines of intersection 91, 93, and 94 that is also formed
in the same way so that it is watertight.
Fig. 7 is a modified form of a one-piece roof stop
flashing 99 similar to the roof stop flashing 66 in Fig. 3
except that the flashing 99 has a vertical panel 101 that
is wider at the top than at the bottom. This panel is
joined to a second panel 102 that slopes at an angle y
equal to the slope of the roof and joins the panel 101
along a watertight line of intersection 103. One edge of
panel 101 joins the upper part 105 of a third panel 104
along a watertight line of intersection 106, and in this
embodiment, that edge of the panel 101 slopes at an angle
of 120 . The panel 104 includes a second part 107 joined
to the panel 102 along a line of intersection 108 and to
the part 104 by a plurality of pleats 109 that allow the
slope of the panel 102 to be varied according to the slope
of the roof stop. All four of the lines of intersection
103, 106, 108, and 109, including, if necessary, the
pleats 109, meet at a common point 111, and in accordance
with a fundamental aspect of this invention, all of these
lines, or regions, of intersection and the common point at
which they meet are formed watertight. Although the
dimensions are not critical, the height T of the panel 101
is 6" and the width U of the panel 102 and of the bottom
edge of the panel 101 is also 6". In this embodiment, the
panel 107 is vertical, but it can also be tilted out at
the same angle as the panel 104 so that the panels 104 and
107 can be one L-shaped panel without the need of a line
of intersection between its two parts. The reason for
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CA 02291597 2009-06-18
tilting at least the panel 104 outwardly is to help shield
the part of the building wall below it from receiving any
water due to a storm.
Fig. 8 shows a one-piece corner flashing 112 mounted
at the junction of two vertical, perpendicular wall panels
113 and 114. The flashing 112 comprises two vertical
panels 116 and 117 held flat against the panels 113 and
114, respectively and joined together along a vertical
line of intersection 118. Two panels 119 and 121 extend
downwardly from the lower edges of the panels 116 and 117
and slope outwardly at the same angle as the slope of the
two roof parts 122 and 123 and are joined together by a
watertight line of intersection 124. The panel 119 is
joined to the panel 116 along a watertight line of
intersection 126, and the panel 121 is joined to the panel
117 along another watertight line of intersection 127.
The lines of intersection 118, 124, 126, and 127 converge
at an inherently watertight common point 128. In this em-
bodiment, the flashing 112 is symmetrical about a plane
defined by the lines of intersection 118 and 124.
Fig. 9 shows a straight ridge cap flashing 141. This
is the only flashing illustrated in this description that
would not need to be made in two mirror-image
configurations. It comprises a first panel 142, which has
a width H, and a second panel 143, which has a length G,
that saddle the ridge of a roof formed of two panels 144
and 146 of equal slope. These panels are joined together
along a watertight region of intersection 147, which is
basically a sector of a tubular shell to fit over shingles
of the roof. A vertical panel 148, which is held against
a vertical wall 149 of a building, joins the panel 142,
which has a width F, along a line of intersection 151 and
the panel 143 along a line of intersection 152. The
latter lines of inter-section join the line of
intersection 147 at a common, watertight point 153. As in
all of the other embodiments of this invention, the
flashing 141 is formed as a one-piece structure that is
watertight at all lines of intersection and at the point
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CA 02291597 2009-06-18
common to these lines of intersection. The vertical panel
148 can include pleats 154, as shown, to allow the
flashing to be bent to change the angle between the panels
142 to allow for different roof pitches. These pleats may
also extend along the region of intersection 147 to
increase its flexibility.
Fig. 10 shows a modified form. of kick-out flashing
155 with pleats 156 in the panel 157 to accommodate
different roof slopes. These pleats permit the flat part
of the panels 157 and 158 to be tilted according to the
slope of the roof of the building on which the flashing
155 is installed. The intersection 159 between the pleats
156 and the proximal edge of the front panel 161 should
preferably be at an angle of about 110 as installed.
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