Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
CA 02295406 2000-01-13
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a cleaner/conditioner repellent composition
and is
particularly concerned with a cleaner/conditioner repellent composition
whereby graffiti,
permanent felt marker and such can easily be removed from an inanimate surface
and which
simultaneously provides good repellency to that surface against graffiti,
permanent felt marker,
clear packing tape (which is often used to adhere posters) and the like.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Graffiti damage has been an increasingly growing concern. The term graffiti
has lost it's
historical meaning and has acquired a negative tone to it. Today most people
view graffiti not as
an art form but as a form of vandalism and property destruction. Graffiti is
mostly found in
institutions such as schools, public and private buildings, automobiles,
trucks, trains, cars and
public rest rooms and, in open areas such as support walls for bridges, inner
walls of buildings
and park structures. Oil-based paints including enamels, epoxies, lacquers and
urethanes, which
are applied by spray cans are used to create the vast majority of graffiti.
Conventionally, removal of unwanted graffiti has been performed by
sandblasting the
graffiti from the substrate. However, this method is expensive and hazardous
to health due to the
emission of potential carcinogenic particles during the removal process.
Moreover, this method
damages the paint surface. No long term solutions are offered by the use of
this method and the
surface will likely be repainted with new graffiti damages.
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Another method commonly used is by treating the substrate with chemicals. In
this case,
the chemicals often destroy the surface and, are generally hazardous as they
require handling
with highly caustic solutions at high temperature.
In an attempt to overcome many of the problems associated with sandblasting
and
chemical methods, it has been common practice to apply a protective coating on
top of the paint
or to use a paint which has anti-adhesive properties against graffiti.
However, such coatings or
paints have a slow curing time. Also, they are too soft and is often damaged
by the paint
removers which are used to remove the graffiti. Another disadvantage is that
such coatings and
paints do not age well, and with time will often become sticky and pick up
dirt.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to provide a cleaner/conditioner
repellent
composition whereby graffiti, permanent felt marker and the like can easily be
removed from an
inanimate surface on which exists a coat of paint or a coat of clear
repellant, and which
simultaneously provides good repellency in the future to that surface against
graffiti, permanent
felt marker, clear packing tape and the like.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a
cleaner/conditioner graffiti-repellent composition comprising:
(a) from about 1% to about 41 /a by volume of silicone caulking;
(b) from about 1 to about 41% by volume of mineral spirits;
(c) from about 13 % to about 97 % by volume of a graffiti cleaner/remover; and
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(d) from about 1% to about 5% by volume of an emulsifier agent.
Preferably, the amount of silicone caulking in the cleaner/conditioner
repellent
composition is from about 1% to about 35% by volume and most preferably from
about 12% to
about 19% by volume.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention there is provided a
composition to which is added a paint in an amount of from about 4.5% to about
24.5% by
volume.
Preferably the paint is a clear, water-based, solvent-based or oil-based
paint.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention there is provided a
method for
treating a substrate to facilitate subsequent removal of graffiti, the method
comprising the steps
of:
(a) applying at least one clear layer of sealer to the substrate;
(b) applying at least one layer of pigmented primer-sealer to the substrate;
(c) applying at least one layer of appropriately colored topcoat paint;
(d) applying at least one layer of clear repellent coating composition
comprising:
(i) from about 1% to about 41 % by volume of silicone caulking;
(ii) from about 1 to about 41 % by volume of mineral spirits;
(iii) from about 9 % to about 49 % by volume of a
graffiti cleaner/remover; and
(iv) from about 1% to about 5% by volume of an emulsifier agent.
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In accordance with yet another aspect of the present invention there is
provided a method
for treating a painted substrate to facilitate subsequent removal of graffiti,
the method
comprising the step of applying at least one layer of the clear repellent
coating described above.
The compositions and methods of the present invention make removal of newly
applied
graffiti to a substrate treated with the compositions in question easy to
clean, even where graffiti
is from permanent felt markers, spray paint, posters held on with clear
packing tape, or the like.
Preferably, the amount of silicone caulking in the cleaner/conditioner
repellent
composition is from about 1 to about 35% by volume, and most preferably from
about 12 to
about 19% by volume. The silicone caulking is non-paintable and the paint is
clear. The clear
paint may be water-based , solvent-based or oil-based. Preferably, the paint
is water-based but
any known alternative base is acceptable.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided
a method for
preventing the application of graffiti to, or removing graffiti from, a
substrate by the sequential
steps of:
(a) applying at least one layer of pigmented primer-sealer on the substrate;
(b) applying at least one layer of appropriately colored topcoat paint:
(c) applying at least one layer of clear repellent coating which consists of:
(i) from about 1 to about 41% by volume of silicone caulking and
(ii) from about 1 to about 41% by volume of mineral spirit; and
(iii) from about 18 to about 98% by volume of a composition selected from the
group comprising clear paint and a mixture of acrylic water-based enamel
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commercial paint with polymer/dryer additives (such as acrylic polymer,
poly-vinyl polymer and the like).
Preferably, the amount of each of the silicone caulking and mineral spirit is
each about 20% by
volume in the clear coat. Common sense will demonstrate that the more
repellent that is added
to the clear repellent coating then the more highly repellent it will become.
And once this highly
repellent composition version is put onto a substrate wall, then any newly
applied graffiti and
such, can quickly and easily be removed with any sticky tape or by using the
cleaner/conditioner
which also applies the repellent factor all in the same step (i.e, it also
removes permanent felt
marker).
The advantages of the cleaner/conditioner repellent composition of the present
invention
are that it has a quick curing time, provides good repellency against
graffiti, is not sacrificial, is
safe to use, whereas one can easily and quickly remove any graffiti, permanent
felt marker and
such in seconds while applying the repellent factor all in the same step. The
cleaner/conditioner
can be used to remove graffiti, permanent felt marker and such over the clear
repellent coated
substrate wall or on any non-coated substrate wall as well. The
cleaner/conditioner can be used
on most painted surfaces such postal boxes, traffic boxes, signal poles,
newspaper boxes, painted
doors and on most painted surfaces where graffiti is normally found and once
the graffiti and
permanent felt marker is removed it instantly renders the painted surface
repellent against graffiti
all in the same step. On the previously clear repellent coated substrate the
cleaner/conditioner
will add more repellent factor with every new cleaning of graffiti and on the
non-repellent coated
substrate surfaces, the cleaner/conditioner will now make this surface
repellent against graffiti.
In contrast, all other anti-graffiti cleaners can only remove some graffiti
and not all felt markers
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and they will eventually damage the painted surfaces when trying to attempt to
remove
permanent felt markers and such. In order for permanent felt markers to adhere
permanently they
have to cross-link unto the substrate surface. In the case of a painted
substrate surface the
solvent in the permanent felt marker will melt that painted surface and allow
the pigment from
the permanent felt marker to cross-link unto it. (The painted surface has to
be damaged in order
to completely remove all the permanent felt marker coloring or a shadow is
left behind. What
happens in essence is that in damaging the patina of the painted surface, one
has removed some
of this painted surface along with the permanent felt marker, and has rendered
the painted surface
vulnerable against future graffiti attacks. All known anti-graffiti cleaners
were only meant to be
cleaners of graffiti and cannot or were never meant to add back the
damaged/lost protective
patina coat of paint. The cleaner/conditioner of the present invention, on
normal non-repellent
painted surfaces, has been formulated to remove the perrnanent felt marker
which by proxy of
being cross-linked with the painted surface also removes the outer layer or
protective patina of
the painted surface, and is meant to correct or nullify this damage by
instantly adding a new
repellent outer layer or protective patina to replace the one that had been
damaged/removed in
the cleaning process. Meanwhile the non-repellent surface which had permanent
felt marker is
now clean without any signs of shadows, has no damage to its painted surface
and has now been
rendered repellent against any future attacks of graffiti. On the other hand
when one uses the
clear/conditioner to remove graffiti off the substrate that has been treated
with the clear repellent
coating, one has a positive cumulative effect of keeping that substrate
repellent each and every
time one removes graffiti from it. In this way damage can never be done in the
removal of
graffiti. On a substrate that has a clear repellent coating, the
cleaner/conditioner will remove any
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graffiti and will amalgamize a new thin repellent coating onto the old
existing repellent substrate
coating, thus always ensuring repellent protection against any future
graffiti.) This damage is not
always visible to the naked eye. And upon several repeated cleanings the
painted surface starts
to break down and the damage is now visible to the eye. The same damage also
happens on
two-component type anti-graffiti coatings and it is only a matter of time for
visual damage to
appear.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The term "vandalized substrate" as used herein refers to a substrate on which
there are
graffiti; "cleaned substrate" refers to a substrate where graffiti has been
removed by for example
repainting the substrate with the paint composition of the present invention;
and "new graffiti"
refers to graffiti that was applied onto cleaned surfaces. It will be further
understood that the
terms "substrate" and "surface" are used generally interchangeably.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a
cleaner/conditioner graffiti-repellent composition for an inanimate surface
comprising:
(a) from about 1 to about 41 % by volume of silicone caulking;
(b) from about 1 to about 41 % by volume of mineral spirits;
(c) from about 13% to about 97% by volume of a graffiti cleaner/remover such
as 1-
methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, di-basic ester, di-limonene, isopropyl alcohol (99%
proof) and/or combinations of such (i.e. in fact any known graffiti
cleaner/remover is an acceptable substitute); and
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(d) from about 1% to about 5% emulsifier agent.
Preferably, the amount of silicone caulking in the cleaner/conditioner
repellent composition is
from about 1 to about 35% by volume, and most preferably from about 12 to
about 19% by
volume. A clear paint may be added in a volume of from about 4.5% to about
24.5%. The clear
paint may be water-based , solvent-based or oil-based; preferably, the paint
is water-based but
any other base can also be used.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided
a method for
preventing graffiti/removing graffiti from a substrate by the sequential steps
of:
(a) applying at least one layer of pigmented primer-sealer on the substrate;
(b) applying at least one layer of appropriately colored topcoat paint:
(c) applying at least one layer of clear repellent coating which consists of:
(i) from about 1 to about 41% by volume of silicone caulking;
(ii) from about 1 to about 41 % by volume of mineral spirit; and
(iii) from about 18 to about 98% by volume of a composition selected from the
group comprising clear paint and a mixture of acrylic water-based enamel
commercial paint with polymer/dryer additives (such as acrylic polymer,
poly-vinyl polymer and the like).
Preferably, the amount of silicone caulking and mineral spirit is each about
20% by volume.
Most preferably, the paint composition includes:
(a) from about 12 to about 19% by volume of silicone caulking: and
(b) from about 81 to 88% by volume of a paint.
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An example of a source of silicone caulking that is used in the paint
composition of the
present invention is a silicone caulking called Silicone II TM (not paintable)
that is manufactured
by GE Silicones, Waterfond, NY. The silicone caulking makes the paint
composition repellent
against graffiti, permanent felt marker and especially posters.
The paint may be solvent-based, oil-based or water-based and can be clear or
can include
color pigments. In this case, a clear water-based paint such as Insl-Thane II
T"' Industrial
Waterborne Acrylic Enamel manufactured by Insl-X Products Corporation,
StoneyPoint, NY,
USA, is used. This product is preferred mainly because of its rapid final
curing time of seven
days in contrast to the usual thirty days. Another advantage of the Insl-Thane
product is that it is
an industrial paint and hence, is tougher, for example it can withstand
extreme weather
conditions, and is harder, i.e. is difficult to scratch, upon drying than most
commercially
available products. Meanwhile, on a non-porous substrate surface such as metal
doors and such
it would be advisable to use a solvent-based paint such as a High Gloss
Modified Alkyd
Urethane or a Semi-Gloss Alkyd preferably the kinds made by ICI paints
(Canada) Ltd..
Therefore, the above clear paints provide a good vehicle for the silicone
caulking.
A suitable colored paint, i.e. a paint which has color pigments, is a
commercially
available architectural industrial paint such as High Gloss Modified Alkyd
Urethane and Semi-
Gloss Alkyd which are both sold by ICI Paints (Canada) Ltd..
In addition to the components (a) and (b) of the paint composition described
above,
mineral spirits may be added in order to dissolve the silicone caulking.
VarsolTM made
MasterCraft has been found to be an efficient product for this purpose. The
preferred ratio of
silicone rubber to mineral spirits is about 1:1.
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The paint composition of the present invention may be used on a variety of
type of
inanimate surfaces such as masonry, wood or steel surfaces in order to remove
graffiti therefrom.
Masonry surfaces may include cements, concrete bricks, mortars, plasters and
stuccoes.
Depending on the condition of the surface, pre-washing the surface may be
required. The
pre-washing may be accomplished using conventional techniques. The substrate
should at least
be washed with soap and water to remove any dirt which may affect bonding
prior to applying
the paint composition. After surface preparation, an undercoat such as a
primer-sealer is applied
to the surface to seal, prime and block out stains. Although not required, a
primer-sealer
undercoat is highly recommended to minimize poor and uneven gloss, to prevent
the surface
from getting dirty quickly and enhance the adhesion of the topcoat to the
surface. In this case,
the primer-sealer used is the product Aquacrylic GripperTM from ICI Paints
(Canada) Inc.,
Concord, Ontario, Canada. Generally, two layers of undercoat is sufficient;
however more layers
may be applied.
Following the application of the undercoat, a topcoat is applied onto the
undercoat. The
topcoat is provided by the paint composition of the present invention. It will
be appreciated from
a person skilled in the art that the actual composition of the paint
composition will depend
mostly on the location of the substrate and taste of the individual. For
example, in areas of heavy
traffic, one may choose to add more silicone caulking in order to make the
formula more
repellent and perhaps, to add paint dryers in order to provide a hard coating
upon drying.
Depending on the surface, one or several layers of topcoat may be applied.
Preferably, at
least one layer of topcoat is applied. It is postulated that the permanent
felt marker binds to the
pigments of the colored paint rending its removal difficult. Therefore, it is
advisable to include a
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clear repellent coating, which was found to provide good repellency against
all types of graffiti,
including permanent felt markers. It appears that the permanent felt marker
cannot impregnate
into the clear repellent coating.
The clear repellent coating may include:
(i) from about 1 to about 41 % by volume of silicone caulking and
(ii) from about 1 to about 41% by volume of mineral spirits; and
(iii) from about 18 to about 98% by volume of a composition selected from the
group
comprising clear paint and a mixture of acrylic water-based enamel commercial
paint with polymer/dryer additives (such as acrylic polymer, poly-vinyl
polymer
and the like).
Preferably, the clear coating composition includes:
(a) from about 20% by volume of silicone caulking;
(b) from about 20% by volume of mineral spirits and
(c) from about 40% by volume of clear paint.
(d) from about 20% commercial paint dryer such as polymer, poly-vinyl etc.
One to several layers of clear repellent coatings may be applied onto the
topcoat. Generally, in
areas of high traffic, two to four layers of clear repellent coatings should
be applied onto the
topcoat in order to provide adequate protection. The clear repellent coatings
also protects the
topcoat from dirt and extreme atmospheric conditions, hence prolonging the
lifetime of the
topcoat. In addition, it was noted that the aesthetic appearance of the
surface is enhanced by
including the clear repellent coating. Common sense will demonstrate that the
more repellent
that is added to the clear repellent coating then the more highly repellent it
will become. And
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once this highly repellent composition version is put unto a substrate wall,
then any newly
applied graffiti and such, can quickly and easily be removed with any sticky
tape or by using the
cleaner/conditioner which also applies the repellent factor all in the same
step (i.e, it also
removes permanent felt marker).
EXAMPLES
The different repellent cleaner/conditioner compositions according to the
invention were
prepared and tested outdoors on a pre-cast concrete wall which was exposed
under various
atmospheric conditions such as direct sunlight, shades and rain at various
temperatures, or a
bridge underpass.
SAMPLE 1- CLEAR REPELLENT COATING
A clear repellent coating composition was formulated by mixing 4.6 L (2
gallon) of
Silicone II TM, 4.6 L (1 gallon) of VarsolTM, 4.6 L (1 gallon) of Insl-Thane
II TM Industrial
Waterborne Acrylic Enamel and. 9.2 L(1 gallon) of ICI TM Paint (Devoe) Clear
Modified Alkyd
Urethane in a 23 L (5 gallon) barrel. The ingredients were mixed at room
temperature to provide
a homogeneous mixture which was used as a clear repellent coating. Several
applications of this
sample were used in different conditions in order to determine whether the
composition had anti-
adhesive properties against graffiti. The applications were applied according
to various examples
as shown in the Tables 1 and 2. The clear repellent coating was used and
tested in Samples, 3, 4,
9, 10 respectively.
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SAMPLE 2- HIGHLY REPELLENT CLEAR COATING
A highly repellent clear coating composition was formulated by mixing 6.9 L (2
gallons)
of Silicone II TM, 6.9 L(1 gallon) of VarsolTM, 4.6 L (1 gallon) of Insl-Thane
II TM Industrial
Waterborne Acrylic Enamel and 4.6 L(1 gallon) of ICI TM Paint (Devoe) Clear
Modified Alkyd
Urethane in a 23 L (5 gallon) barrel. The ingredients were mixed at room
temperature to provide
a homogeneous mixture which was used as a highly repellent clear coating. This
mixture of
highly repellent clear coating was used and tested in examples 6 and 12
respectively.
SAMPLE 3- TOP COAT
The colored paints used, were commercially available architectural industrial
paints such
as High Gloss Modified Alkyd Urethane and Semi-Gloss Alkyd which are both sold
by ICI
Paints (Canada) Ltd..
These mixtures of topcoats were used and tested in examples 2, 5, 8 and 11
respectively.
The sample paint compositions according to the invention were tested outdoors
on a pre-
cast cement wall which was exposed under various atmospheric conditions such
as direct
sunlight, shades and rain at various temperatures, or a bridge underpass.
Referring to Tables 1 and 2, two types of surfaces were used, namely a
concrete surface
exposed to air and a surface of a bridge underpass also exposed to air. The
samples were applied
by various methods as shown in the Tables. After the samples were applied,
graffiti was applied
thereon and removed with the mild bio-degradable cleaner/conditioner. It has
been found that 1-
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methyl-2-pyrrolidinone obtained from A & C American Chemicals Ltd. is an
effective graffiti
paint remover that is part of the mixture used to create the
cleaner/conditioner. Any of the
known commercial graffiti removers can be substituted in its place.
The results were rated as either poor or good. A poor result means that
graffiti could not
be successfully removed from the surface. A good result means that graffiti
can easily be
removed from the surface without damaging the surface and applying the
repellent factor all in
the same step.
Table 1: Results from the anti-adhesive test carried on a concrete surface.
Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Examnle 4 Example 5 Example 6
= 1 clear = clear = 1 clear = 1 clear = 1 clear = 1 clear
Time sealer sealer sealer sealer sealer sealer
(months) = 1 primer- = 1 = 1 clear = 1 primer- = 1 primer- = 2 highly
sealer topcoat repellent sealer sealer repellent
coating = 1 topcoats = 1 topcoats clear
= 2 clear coatings
repellent
coatings
1 Poor Poor Good Good Poor Good
2 Poor Poor Good Good Poor Good
3 Poor Poor Good Good Poor Good
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Table 2: Results from the anti-adhesive test carried out on a surface located
under a
bridge.
Example 7 Example 8 Example 9 Example 10 Example 11 Example 12
= 1 clear = clear = 1 clear = 1 clear = 1 clear = 1 clear
Time sealer sealer sealer sealer sealer sealer
(months) = 1 primer- = 1 = 1 clear = 1 primer- = 1 primer- = 2 highly
sealer topcoats repellent sealer sealer repellent
coating = 1 topcoats = 1 topcoats clear
= 2 clear coatings
repellent
coatings
1 poor Poor good Good poor good
2 poor Poor good Good poor good
3 poor Poor good Good poor Good
PROCEDURE:
In Examples 1 and 7, one coat of clear sealer and one coat of pigmented primer-
sealer
were applied, with a roller, to a thickness of about 4 MILS 100 Microns/ Dry 2
MILS 50
Microns. Each undercoat was allowed to dry for 30 minutes. It was found that
after 30
minutes each of the applied clear sealer and primer-sealer coats was dry to
the touch.
In Examples 2 and 8, the surfaces were cleaned with a broom and with a roller,
one
coat of clear sealer and one coat of topcoat were applied to a thickness of
4.0 MILS 100
Microns/Dry 1.5 MILS 37.5 Microns. The topcoat was applied half an hour later
after the
clear sealer was dry. The topcoat was allowed to dry for 24 hours prior to the
application of
graffiti.
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In Examples 3 and 9 included, the surfaces were cleaned with a broom and a
clear
sealer coat was applied and allowed to dry for half an hour. The clear
repellent coating was
applied half an hour later after the clear sealer was dry. The clear repellent
coating was
allowed to dry for 24 hours prior to the application of graffiti.
In Examples 4 and 10, the surfaces were pre-washed with a broom and a clear
coat of
sealer was applied followed by a coating about 4 MILS 100 Microns/ Dry 2 MILS
50 Microns
thick of undercoat primer-sealer. The undercoat was allowed to dry for %2 hour
and 4 MILS
100 Microns/ Dry 2 MILS 50 Microns thick topcoat was applied. A clear
repellent coating
was applied and allowed to dry for 24 hours. A second clear repellent coating
was applied and
24 hours later graffiti was applied.
For Examples 5 and 11, the surfaces were pre-cleaned with a broom. The
surfaces
were then coated with a clear coat of sealer and 4 MILS 100 Microns/ Dry 2
MILS 50 Microns
thick of primer-sealer. The primer-sealer was left to dry for a%2 hour. In a
similar manner as
in samples 4 and 10, one topcoat was applied to the surfaces. Graffiti was
applied 24 hours
later.
In Examples 6 and 12, the surfaces were pre-washed and a coat of clear sealer
was
applied. The coat was allowed to dry for a'/z hour. The first highly repellent
coating was
applied and allowed to dry for 24 hours. Then the second clear repellent
coating was applied
and allowed to dry for 24 hours before graffiti was applied.
The testing reflected in the above examples was carried out as accurately as
possible. A
new roller and separate clean gallon container was used for each example and
every new sample
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site, taking great care not to contaminate them. A broom was used to remove
accumulated dirt
and dust on the sample sites after 10, 20, 30, 60, 90 days respectively.
CONCLUSIONS:
Examples 3, 4, 6, 9, 10 and 12 showed the best results. Whenever the clear
repellent
coating was used, it was possible to easily clean graffiti and posters off the
substrate without
damaging the repellent paint composition with the cleanser/conditioner and the
repellent factor
was also added all in the same step.
Meanwhile on examples 6 and 12, because of the highly repellent clear coating
it was
indeed possible to easily and quickly remove the graffiti with any sticky
tape. The graffiti could
also be removed with the cleaner/conditioner that not only removed the
graffiti, permanent felt
marker but also added on the repellent factor all in the same step.
Examples 1 and 7 gave poor results. This is due to the fact that one thick
coat of primer-
sealer undercoat was applied and that it does not have any protection to
withstand the cleaning of
graffiti. The outer skin of the undercoat is too soft to withstand the kind of
abuse that happens
during repeated graffiti cleanings.
Examples 5 and 11, respectively, gave poor results. This may be due to the
fact that it
could not withstand the cleaning of felt markers, as these would somehow bind
directly with the
top coat.
Examples 2 and 8, respectively gave poor results, as bad as that of examples 5
and 11. It
seems that the topcoat could not withstand the cleaning of felt markers as
these would somehow
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bind directly with the topcoat, however, the topcoat did not adhere well to
the substrate, and
would be damaged by repeated cleaning of normal spray paint graffiti.
Examples 3 and 9 gave good results due to the clear repellent coating.
Graffiti,
permanent felt marker and such came off in seconds with the
cleaner/conditioner that not only
removed the graffiti but also added on the repellent factor all in the same
step.
Examples 4 and 10, respectively, gave good results due to the clear repellent
coating.
Any graffiti, permanent felt marker that was applied was quickly removed
without damaging the
clear repellent coatings and also applied the repellent factor all in the same
step.
The results demonstrate that the clear repellent coating composition of the
present
invention is repellent against graffiti, permanent felt marker and such, by
preventing graffiti,
permanent felt marker, including posters, from adhering to it. Nothing much
can really adhere to
it for very long and can easily be removed. The preferred method according to
the present
invention for protecting a vandalized concrete substrate is by applying at
least one layer of clear
sealer, one layer of pigmented primer-sealer, a layer of color of concrete
topcoat and at least one
to two layers of clear repellent coating. The best way to protect natural
stone, brick and such is
to apply at least one coat of clear sealer and two coats of clear repellent
coating. Then any newly
applied graffiti can be quickly and easily be removed with conventional
cleaner/conditioner.
While the foregoing embodiment of the invention have been described and shown,
it is
understood that all alternatives and modifications may be made thereto and
fall within the scope
of the invention.
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