Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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LAUNDRY TREATMENT PRODUCTS FOR SPANDEX CONTAINING FABRICS
This invention relates to the treatment of
textiles containing spandex fibres.
At the present time, many garments are made
from fabric which contains a mixture of fibres, a
proportion of which are elastic, so that the fabric
has the ability to stretch and to recover from
stretch. Spandex fibres are commonly used for this
purpose. The term "Spandex" has been adopted as a
generic term by the United States Federal Trade
Commission to denote a manufactured fibre in which the
fibre-forming substance is a long chain synthetic
polymer composed of at least 85 s of a segmented
polyurethane. A discussion of such fibres can be found
in "History of Spandex Elastomeric Fibres" by A.J.
Ultee, which is a chapter starting at page 278 in Man-
Made Fibres: Their Origin and Development, edited by
R.V. Seymour and R.S. Porter, Elsevier 1993. Spandex
fibres are also referred to as "elastane" or
"elasthane" fibres.
Another discussion of such fibres'is found
under the heading "Segmented Polyurethanes" at page
613 of Handbook of Textile Fibres by J. Gordon Cook,
5th Ed. Merrow Publishing Company 1984. Further
description of elastanes and their applications can be
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found in "Synthesefasern: Grundlagen, Technologie,
Verarbeitung und Anwendung", B von Falkei (editor),
Verlag Chemie (1981). Commercially available elastanes
are well known, in particular as sold under the name
LYCRA , a registered trade mark of DuPont de Nemours
and Company. Patents relating to such fibres include
US-A-5000899, US-A-5288779 and US-A-5362432.
The deposition of perfume onto garments and
other fabrics during laundering has been established
for many years. Perfume is incorporated into laundry
products such as detergent compositions for fabric
washing and rinse conditioners for softening the
fabrics.
Although the perfume serves to cover the
base odour of such a product and to give the unused
product an attractive fragrance, it also deposits on
the fabric.
Certain perfumes have the ability to provide
deodorant action against body odour, either when
directly applied to human skin, or when included in a
laundry product. Such perfumes are described in EP-B-
3172, US-A-4304679, US-A-4278658, US-A-4134838, US-A-
4288341 and US-A-4289641, US-A-5482635 and US-A-
5554588.
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Summary of the Invent;nn
We have now found that a number of fragrance
materials used in perfumery are able to deposit and
then be retained better on spandex fibres than on a
number of other textile fibres.
Therefore in one aspect the present
invention provides a fabric treatment product which
has a mixture of fragrance materials, for the
treatment of garments containing spandex and other
fibres, preferably after wearing thereof, to deposit
fragrance materials to a greater extent on the spandex
fibres than on the other fibres.
The invention may, in particular, be applied
when the garment fabric was pretreated with perfume
prior to first wearing of the garment. Thus, use in
accordance with the invention may be use of a fabric
treatment product which contains the perfume
composition to treat garments containing spandex
fibres, the fabric of which garments was treated with
a perfume composition (which may be a preferentially-
deposited such composition) prior to first wearing, so
that the said use of a fabric treatment product
sustains a presence of fragrance materials on the
garments.
In a related second aspect, the invention
provides a method of treating and maintaining a
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garment containing spandex and other fibres,
comprising contacting the fabric of the garment with
a perfume composition which is a mixture of fragrance
materials, so that fragrance materials are deposited
on the fabric and subsequently contacting the garment
with a treatment product containing a perfume
composition which is also a mixture of fragrance
materials, to sustain a presence of deposited
fragrance materials on the garment.
In significant forms of this invention, the
perfume composition used to treat the garment (or the
combination of fragrance materials deposited thereon)
is a deodorant perfume, so that use in accordance with
the invention will provide or sustain a deodorant
benefit on the garments.
Detailed description
The various aspects of this invention,
preferred forms and materials useful therein will now
be discussed in greater detail.
Textiles
The garments to which this invention relates
are made from fabric which includes spandex and other
fibres. As mentioned earlier, this term "spandex"
denotes a manufactured fibre in which the fibre
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forming substance is a long chain synthetic polymer
compound composed of at least 850 of a segmented
polyurethane.
Thus the polymer which is spun into spandex
5 fibres is a copolymer incorporating urethane linkages.
Generally the polymer contains so-called soft (i.e.
lower melting) segments which may be polyalkylene
ethers or polyesters and so-called hard (i.e. higher
melting) segments which are portions derived from the
reaction of an isocyanate and a chain extender which
is typically a diamine.
The soft segments may be
poly(tetramethylene)ethers, possibly containing
substituted tetramethylene glycol residues as
described in US-A-5000899. Organic diisocyanates which
may be used include conventional diisocyanates, such
as diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate, also known as
methylene-bis(4-phenylisocyanate) or "MDI", 2,4-
tolylene diisocyanate, methylene-bis(4-
cyclohexylisocyanate), isophorone diisocyanate,
tetramethylene-p-xylylene diisocyanate, and the like.
MDI is preferred.
Chain extenders used in producing the hard
segment of the fibres preferably include one or more
of ethylenediamine (EDA), 1,3-propylenediamine, 1,4-
cyclohexanediamine, hydrogenated m-phenylenediamine
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(HPMD), 2-methylpentamethylene diamine (MPMD) and 1,2-
propylene diamine. More preferably, the chain extender
is one or more of ethylenediamine, 1,3-
propylenediamine, and 1,4-cyclohexanediamine,
optionally mixed with HPMD, MPMD and/or 1,2-
propylenediamine.
Spandex fibres with
poly(tetramethylene)ethers as the soft segments are
marketed by DuPont de Nemours International S.A. under
the registered trade mark LYCRA of DuPont de Nemours
and Company.
Spandex fibres are generally mixed with
other fibres such as cotton, polyamide, wool,
polyester and acrylics and made into yarn which is
then made into fabric. The content of spandex fibres
is usually in a range from 0.5% by weight of the yarn
or fabric up to 50%, more usually from 1% to 30% by
weight of the yarn or fabric.
A wide range of garments may contain spandex
fibres in the fabric, including active sports wear,
intimate apparel, hosiery and a variety of ready to
wear casual clothing.
Fragrance materials
We have found that a range of fragrance
materials deposit well on, or are retained well on,
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spandex fibres. Such materials include the following
two categories:
Category A
hydroxylic materials which are alcohols, phenols
or salicylates, with an octanol/water partition
coefficient (P) whose common logarithm (1og10P) is
2.5 or greater, and a gas chromatographic Kovats
index (as determined on polydimethylsiloxane as
non-polar stationary phase) of at least 1050.
Category B
esters, ethers, nitriles, ketones or aldehydes,
with an octanol/water partition coefficient (P)
whose common logarithm (log10P) is 2.5 or greater,
and a gas chromatographic Kovats index (as
determined on polydimethylsiloxane as non-polar
stationary phase) of at least 1300.
The octanol-water partition coefficient (or its
common logarithm 'logP') is well known in the
literature as an indicator of hydrophobicity and water
solubility (see Hansch and Leo, Chemical Reviews, 71,
526 to 616, (1971); Hansch, Quinlan and Lawrence,
J.Organic Chemistry, 33, 347 to 350 (1968). Where such
values are not available in the literature they may be
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measured directly, or estimated approximately using
mathematical algorithms. Software providing such
estimations are available commercially, for example
'LogP' from Advanced Chemistry Design Inc.
A requirement for log10P of 2.5 or more calls for
materials which are somewhat hydrophobic.
Kovats indices are calculated from the retention
time in a gas chromatographic measurement referenced
to the retention time for alkanes [see Kovats,
Helv.Chim.Acta 41, 1915 (1958)]. Indices based on the
use of a non-polar stationary phase have been used in
the perfumery industry for some years as a descriptor
relating to the molecular size and boiling point of
ingredients. A review of Kovats indices in the perfume
industry is given by T Shibamoto in "Capillary Gas
Chromatography in Essential Oil Analysis", P Sandra
and C Bicchi (editors), Huethig (1987), pages 259-274.
A common non-polar phase which is suitable is 1000
dimethyl polysiloxane, as supplied for example under a
variety of tradenames such as HP-1 (Hewlett-Packard),
CP Sil 5 CB (Chrompack), OV-1 (Ohio Valley) and Rtx-1
(Restek).
Materials of low Kovats index tend to be volatile
and are not retained well on many fibres.
We have found that when perfumery materials have
partition coefficient as above and a relatively high
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value of Kovats index, deposition and retention on
spandex tends to be greater than on other fibres.
Preferably therefore, the perfume composition contains
at least 50 wt %, better at least 70 or 80 wt % of
materials from the categories above.
We have found that there is a particularly high
enhancement of deposition and retention on spandex,
compared to other fibres, with materials within the
above categories and having a Kovats index of not more
than 1600. These sub-sets of categories A and B may be
termed categories A' and B'. Preferably therefore, the
perfume composition contains at least 10 wt%, better
at least 20 wt % or 25 wt % of such materials. In some
preferred perfumes the amount of fragrance materials
from categories A' and B' is at least 40 wt % in
total.
Such fragrance materials are of mid-range
volatility (i.e. intermediate between the volatile
perfume materials used as "top-notes" and the
materials of low volatility which are customarily used
as base notes in perfumes). These materials of mid-
range volatility are often not perceptible on other
fabrics such as cotton, polyamide and polyester after
washing and drying.
Category A includes alcohols of general formula
ROH where the hydroxyl group may be primary, secondary
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or tertiary, and the R group is an alkyl or alkenyl
group, optionally branched or substituted, cyclic or
acyclic, such that ROH has partition coefficient and
Kovats properties as defined above. Alcohols of Kovats
5 index 1050 to 1600 are typically monofunctional alkyl
or arylalkyl alcohols with molecular weight falling
within the range 150 to 230.
Category A also includes phenols of general
formula ArOH, where the Ar group denotes a benzene
10 ring which may be substituted with one or more alkyl
or alkenyl groups, or with an ester grouping -CO2A,
where A is a hydrocarbon radical, in which case the
compound is a salicylate. ArOH has partition
coefficient and Kovats index as defined above.
Typically, such phenols with Kovats index 1050 to 1600
are monohydroxylic phenols with molecular weight
falling within the range 150 to 210.
A sub-set of fragrance materials which are
particularly preferred are those with a partition
coefficient of 1000 or more, i.e. log,oP of 3 or more,
and a Kovats parameter of 1100 up to 1600.
Some examples of hydroxylic ingredients which
fulfil the above criteria for category A' are listed
as a table below. Materials which are in the
particularly preferred sub-set are marked with an
asterisk. Semitrivial names are those used in standard
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texts known within the perfume industry, particularly:
Common Fragrance and Flavor Materials by Bauer, Garbe
and Surburg, VCH Publ., 2nd edition (1990), and
Perfume and Flavour Materials, Steffen Arctander,
published in two volumes by the author (1969).
Examples of fragrance materials in category A'
1-(2'-tert-butylcyclohexyloxy)-butan-2-ol*
3-methyl-5-(2',2',3'-trimethylcyclopent-3-enyl)-
pentan-2-ol*
4-methyl-3-decen-5-ol*
amyl salicylate*
2-ethyl-4(2',2',3-trimethylcyclopent-3'-enyl)but-2-enol*
(Bangalol, TM)
borneol*
carvacrol*
citronellol*
9-decenol*
dihydroeugenol*
dihydrolinalol*
dihydromyrcenol
dihydroterpineol *
eugenol
geraniol*
hydroxycitronellal*
isoamyl salicylate*
isobutyl salicylate*
isoeugenol*
linalol
menthol*
nerolidol*
nerol*
para tert-butyl cyclohexanol*
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phenoxanol*
terpineol
tetrahydrogeraniol*
tetrahydrolinalol
tetrahydromyrcenol
thymol*
2-methoxy-4-methylphenol (Ultravanil, TM)
(4-isopropylcyclohexyl)-methanol*
Some examples of fragrance materials which are in
category A but which have Kovats index above 1600 (so
as to fall outside category A') are:
patchouli alcohol
farnesol
benzyl salicylate
cyclohexyl salicylate and
hexyl salicylate
Category B is esters, ketones, aldehydes,
nitriles or ethers which have an octanol-water
partition coefficient whose common logarithm (log10P)
is at least 2.5, and a Kovats index of at least 1300
(non-polar phase).
Ingredients of Category B are of general formula
RX, where X may be in a primary, secondary or tertiary
position, and is one of the following groups: -COA, -
OA, -COZA, -CN or -CHO. The groups R and A are
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hydrocarbon residues, cyclic or non-cyclic and
optionally substituted. In some forms of this
invention, category B excludes any material with a
free hydroxy group, so that where a hydroxyl group is
present, the material should be considered only for
Category A membership. Typically, the materials of
Category B with Kovats index not exceeding 1600 (which
may be called category B') are monofunctional
compounds with molecular weights in the range 160 to
230.
A sub-set of particularly preferred fragrance
materials within category B' is those with a Kovats
parameter falling within the range 1350 up to 1600,
and possessing a molecular structure containing a
ring, such as phenyl or cycloalkyl.
A number of fragrance materials which fulfil the
above criteria for category B' are listed in the table
below. Materials which are in the particularly
preferred sub-set are marked with an asterisk.
Examples of fragrance materials in category B'
1-methyl-4-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-3-cyclohexene-i-
carbaldehyde*
1-(5',5'-dimethylcyclohexenyl)-pent-en-l-one*
2-heptyl cyclopentanone*
2-methyl-3-(4'-tert-butylphenyl)propanal
2-methylundecanal
2-undecenal
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2,2-dimethyl-3-(4'-ethylphenyl)-propanal
3-(4'-isopropylphenyl)-2-methylpropanal
4-methyl-4-phenylpent-2-yl acetate*
allyl cyclohexyl propionate*
allyl cyclohexyloxyacetate*
amyl benzoate*
methyl ethyl ketone trimers (Azarbre, TM)
benzophenone*
3-(4'-tert-butylphenyl)-propanal (Bourgeonal, TM)
caryophyllene*
cis-jasmone*
citral diethyl acetal
citronellal diethyl acetal
citronellyl acetate
phenylethyl butyl ether (Cressanther, TM)
damascone, alpha-*
damascone, beta-*
damascone, delta-*
decalactone, gamma-*
dihydro isojasmonate*
dihydrojasmone*
dihydroterpinyl acetate
dimethyl anthranilate*
diphenyl oxide*
diphenylmethane*
dodecanal
dodecen-2-al
dodecane nitrile
1-ethoxy-l-phenoxyethane (Efetaal, TM)
3-(1'-ethoxyethoxy)-3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-diene
(Elintaal Forte (TM)
4-(4'-methylpent-3'-enyl)-cyclohex-3-enal (Empetaal, TM)
ethyl tricyclo[5.2.1.0-2,6-]decane-2-carboxylate*
1-(7-isopropyl-5-methylbicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-en-2-yl)-1-
ethanone* (Felvinone, TM)
allyl tricyclodecenyl ether* (Fleuroxene, TM)
tricyclodecenyl propanoate* (Florocyclene, TM)
gamma-undecalactone*
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n-methyl-n-phenyl-2-methylbutanamide* (Gardamide, TM)
tricyclodecenyl isobutyrate* (Gardocyclene, TM)
geranyl acetate
hexyl benzoate*
5 ionone alpha*
ionone beta*
isobutyl cinnamate*
isobutyl quinoline*
isoeugenyl acetate*
10 2,2,7,7-tetramethyltricycloundecan=5-one*
(Isolongifolanone, TM)
tricyclodecenyl acetate* (Jasmacyclene, TM)
2-hexylcyclopentanone (Jasmatone, TM)
4-acetoxy-3-pentyltetrahydropyran* (Jasmopyrane, TM)
15 ethyl 2-hexylacetoacetate (Jessate, TM)
8-isopropyl-6-methylbicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene-2-
carbaldehyde (Maceal, TM)
methyl 4-isopropyl-l-methylbicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene-2-
carboxylate*
methyl cinnamate
alpha iso methyl ionone*
methyl naphthyl ketone*
nerolin
nonalactone gamma
nopyl acetate*
para tert-butyl cyclohexyl acetate
4-isopropyl-l-methyl-2-[1'-propenyl]-benzene*
(Pelargene,TM)
phenoxyethyl isobutyrate*
phenylethyl isoamyl ether*
phenylethyl isobutyrate*
tricyclodecenyl pivalate* (Pivacyclene, TM)
phenylethyl pivalate* (Pivarose, TM)
phenylacetaldehyde hexylene glycol acetal*
2,4-dimethyl-4-phenyltetrahydrofuran (Rhubafuran, TM)
rose acetone*
terpinyl acetate
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4-isopropyl-l-methyl-2-[1'-propenyl)-benzene
(Verdoracine, TM)
yara*
(4-isopropylcyclohexadienyl)ethyl formate
Examples of fragrance materials which lie within
category B, but have Kovats index above 1600 and so
are outside category B' are listed in the following
table:
IWithin category B but outside category B'
amyl cinnamate
amyl cinnamic aldehyde
amyl cinnamic aldehyde dimethyl acetal
cinnamyl cinnamate
cyclamen aldehyde
1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1,2,8,8-tetramethyl-2-acetyl
naphthalene
(iso E super, TM)
cyclo-1,13-ethylenedioxytridecan-1,13-dione
(ethylene brassylate)
cyclopentadecanolide (Exaltolide, TM)
1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta[gJ-
2-benzopyran (Galaxolide, TM)
geranyl phenyl acetate
hexyl cinnamic aldehyde
6-acetyl-l-isopropyl-2,3,3,5-tetramethylindane
(Traseolide, TM)
1,1,2,4,4,7-hexamethyl-6-acetyl-1,2,3,4-
tetrahydronaphthalene (Tonalid, TM)
As indicated above, it is particularly preferred
to utilise a perfume composition which has deodorant
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properties. Preferably, the perfume is a deodorant
perfume giving a Malodour Reduction Value on cotton of
at least 0.25, preferably at least o.5, in the
Malodour Reduction Value test described below and
which is generally as given in EP-A-147191 and
corresponding US-A-4663068.
With such perfumes we have observed that there is
an enhanced deodorant benefit when the fabrics
incorporate spandex fibres, compared to conventional
fabrics such as cotton, polyamide and polyester
without spandex. This can be measured using the
Malodour Reduction Value test, modified by varying the
test fabric instead of varying the perfume.
The Malodour Reduction Value Test
In this test, the Malodour Reduction Value of a
deodorant perfume is measured by assessing its
effectiveness, when applied to fabric, in reducing
body malodour when the fabric so treated is placed in
contact with the axillae (armpits) of a panel of human
subjects, and held there for a standard period of
time. From subsequent olfactory evaluation by trained
assessors, a Malodour Reduction Value can be
calculated so giving a measure of the effectiveness as
a deodorant of the perfume under test.
Stage 1 is preparation of the perfume treated
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f abric.
A fabric is selected for the test and cut into 20
cm x 20 cm squares. A control fabric is likewise cut
into squares. Both fabrics are then washed in a front-
loading drum-type washing machine with a standard
unperfumed washing powder containing the following
ingredients:
Ingredient Parts by weight
Sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate 9.0
C13_15 alcohol 7E0 4.0
Sodium tripolyphosphate 33.0
Alkaline sodium silicate 6.0
Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 1.0
Magnesium silicate 1.0
Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid 0.2
Sodium sulphate 15.0
Water 10.8
The washed pieces of fabric are then rinsed with
cold water and finally dried. The fabric squares so
obtained represent "untreated" fabric, that is fabric
devoid of perfume, other deodorant materials, dressing
and other water-soluble substances that subsequently
might adversely affect the Malodour Reduction Value
Test.
The untreated pieces of fabric are divided into
two batches, one of which may receive no further
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washing treatment and then represents the control
fabric in the test. The other batch of fabric pieces
is re-washed in the washing machine with the same
standard fabric washing powder to which has been added
0.2a by weight of the perfume under test. The perfume
treated pieces of fabric are then rinsed with cold
water and dried again. The fabric squares so obtained
represent "test" fabric, that is fabric onto which the
test perfume has been delivered.
When this test is used to assess the deodorant
effectiveness of a perfume composition, the control
and test fabrics are the same, suitably 100% cotton
shirt fabric and the "untreated" fabric serves as
control without further washing. However, the test can
be used to assess other effects, notably to test
deposition on different cloths, the test fabric can
differ from the control fabric, and both may be washed
in the same way with the perfumed washing powder.
Stage 2 is the carrying out of the test. A team
of three Caucasian female assessors of age within the
range of 20 years to 40 years is selected for
olfactory evaluation on the basis that each is able to
rank correctly the odour levels of the series of
standard aqueous solutions of isovaleric acid listed
below, and each is able to assign a numerical score,
corresponding to the odour intensity of one of these
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solutions, to the body malodour of a shirt insert
after has been worn in the axillary region by a male
subject for a standard period of time.
A panel of 40 human subjects for use in the test
5 is assembled from Caucasian male subjects of age
within the range of from 20 to 55 years. By screening,
subjects are chosen who develop axillary body malodour
that is not unusually strong and who do not develop a
stronger body malodour in one axilla compared with the
10 other. Subjects who develop unusually strong body
malodour, for example due to a diet including curry or
garlic, are not selected for the panel.
For two weeks before the start of the test, the
panel subjects are assigned an unperfumed, non-
15 deodorant soap bar for exclusive use when washing and
are denied the use of any other type of deodorant or
antiperspirant. At the end of this period, the 40
subjects are randomly divided into two groups of 20.
The "test" and "control" fabric pieces are then
20 tacked into 40 clean cotton or polyester cotton shirts
in the underarm region in such a manner that in 20
shirts, the control fabric pieces are attached inside
the left underarm region, and the test fabric pieces
are attached in the right underarm region. For the
remaining 20 shirts, the placing of control and test
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pieces of fabric is reversed.
The shirts carrying the tacked-in fabric inserts
are then worn by the 40 panel members for a period of
hours, during which time each panellist performs his
5 normal work function without unnecessary exercise.
After this five hour period, the shirts are
removed and the inserts detached and placed in
polyethylene pouches prior to assessment by the
trained panel of assessors.
The malodour intensity of each fabric insert is
evaluated by all three assessors who, operating
without knowledge of which inserts are "test" and
which are "control" and, without knowing the scores
assigned by their fellow assessors, sniff each fabric
piece and assign to it a score corresponding to the
strength of the odour on a scale from 0 to 5, with 0
representing no odour and 5 representing very strong
odour.
Standard aqueous solutions of isovaleric acid
which correspond to each of the scores 1, 2, 3, 4 and
5 are provided for reference to assist the assessors
in the malodour evaluation. These are shown below:
Score Odour level Concentration of aqueous
isovaleric acid (ml/l)
0 No odour 0
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1 Slight 0.013
2 Definite 0.053
3 Moderate 0.22
4 Strong 0.87
5 Very strong 3.57
The scores recorded by each assessor for each
fabric piece are averaged. The average score of the
"test" fabric pieces is deducted from the average
score of the "untreated" control fabric pieces to give
a Malodour Reduction Value.
As a check that the selection of panel subjects
is satisfactory for operation of the test, the average
score with untreated fabric pieces should be between
2.5 and 3Ø
Preferred deodorant perfumes are those which have
a Malodour Reduction Value of at least 0.50, or 0.70,
or 1.00. The higher the minimum value, the more
effective is the perfume as a deodorant as recorded by
the assessors in the Malodour Reduction Value Test. It
has also been noted that consumers, who are not
trained assessors, can detect by self-assessment a
noticeable reduction in malodour on soiled fabric such
as shirts and underclothes where the Malodour
Reduction Value is at least 0.30, so the higher the
Malodour Reduction Value above this figure, the more
noticeable is the deodorant effect.
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Selection of a combination of fragrance materials
to give a deodorant effect is explained in patents
such as US-A-430679 referred to earlier. Further
systems of selection are given in US-A-5482635 and US-
A-5554588 also mentioned above.
Such selections can be carried out using
materials with preferred values of partition
coefficient and Kovats index as discussed above.
US-A-5501805 describes perfume compositions made
from a combination of fragrance materials, where the
composition is a deodorant perfume yet has a
relatively low odour. Such "low-odour" deodorant
perfumes may be used in the present invention.
Fabric treatment products
A fabric treatment product, used as a vehicle to
deposit perfume on garments after they have been worn
may be any of:
a detergent composition for fabric washing,
a pretreatment composition for application to
selected areas of a garment prior to washing,
a pretreatment composition used in the soaking of
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entire garments prior to washing,
a rinse conditioner for softening washed fabrics
during a rinsing step,
an additive composition for use jointly with any
of the above,
a fabric conditioning article intended to be
placed with fabrics during drying, or a spray for
application directly to dry garments.
Such products can take a variety of forms
including powders, bars, sticks, tablets, mousses,
gels, liquids, sprays, and also fabric conditioning
sheets to be placed with fabrics in a tumble dryer.
The amount of perfume in such products may lie in a
range from 0.1% to 10% by weight of thereof. The
incorporation of perfume into products of these types
is known, and existing techniques may be used for
incorporating perfume for this invention. It may be
possible to incorporate perfume directly, but another
possibility is to absorb the perfume on a carrier
material and then admix the perfume carrier mixture
into the fabric treatment product. This approach may
notably be used with a solid fabric treatment product
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and on inert particulate carrier.
Fabric or laundry treatment products also
comprise perfume carrier products intended to be
placed near or between garments, such as in linen
5 cupboards and drawers, to deposit the perfume on the
garments by diffusion through the air or by direct
contact with the garments. Such perfume carrier
products may comprise up to 40% by weight of perfume.
They preferably comprise a solid carrier material,
10 e.g. in the form of a powder, beads or a sheet or
block of a porous material, which is (are) impregnated
or loaded with the perfume composition.
A detergent composition to be perfumed with a
perfume composition according to this invention will
15 normally contain a detersive surfactant in an amount
from 2% to 50%, preferably 5% to 40% by weight of the
composition, and a detergency builder in an amount
from 5% to 80% by weight of the composition. The
balance of the composition, if any, may include
20 various ingredients known for inclusion in fabric
washing detergents, including bleaching materials.
Surfactants may be one or more soap or non-soap
anionic, nonionic, cationic, amphoteric or
zwitterionic surfactants, or combinations of these.
25 Preferred surfactants which can be used are soaps and
synthetic non-soap anionic and nonionic compounds.
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Mixtures of surfactants, for example mixed anionic or
mixed anionic and nonionic compounds, are frequently
used in detergent compositions.
Detergency builders are materials which function
to soften hard water by solubilisation or other
removal of calcium and to a lesser extent magnesium
salts responsible for water hardness. The commonest
water soluble inorganic builder is sodium
tripolyphosphate. A further water soluble inorganic
builder compound is sodium carbonate which is
generally used in conjunction with a seed crystal to
accelerate the precipitation of calcium carbonate.
Common insoluble inorganic detergency builders are
zeolites and layered silicates. Organic detergency-
builders such as sodium citrate and polyacrylate can
also be used.
Some detergent compositions, usually liquids, are
formulated to contain from 5 wt % to 50 wt %
surfactant but little or no detergency builder.
Other ingredients which are customarily included
in a detergent composition, although not necessarily
all together, include alkaline silicate, peroxygen or
chlorine bleaches, soil release agents, heavy metal
sequestrants, anti-redeposition agents such as sodium
carboxymethyl cellulose, enzymes, enzyme stabilisers,
fabric softening agents including softening clays,
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fluorescent brighteners, antifoam agents or conversely
foam boosters and filler such as sodium sulphate.
Pretreatment compositions for soaking of soiled
fabrics prior to the main washing step may contain 5
wt % to 80 wt o by weight detergency builder with
little or no surfactant. Such compositions frequently
include enzymes.
The amount of perfume in a detergent composition
or a presoak composition is likely to lie in a range
from 0.1% to 2% by weight of the composition.
A fabric conditioning composition may contain
from 1% to 4011 by weight of a fabric conditioning
agent which may be a fabric softening agent, but may
contain higher levels in a very concentrated product.
Fabric softening agents are frequently nonionic or
cationic organic compounds incorporating at least one
alkyl, alkenyl or acyl group of 8 or more carbon
atoms. These include, but are not limited to:
(i) quaternary ammonium and imidazolinium
compounds and corresponding tertiary amines
and imidazolines incorporating at least one,
preferably two, C8 to C30 aklyl or alkenyl
groups; also including alkyl groups
containing, ether, ester, carbonate or amide
linkages, ethoxylated derivatives and
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analogues of such compounds and also
including compounds with more than one
tertiary or quaternary nitrogen atom,
(ii) aliphatic alcohols, esters, amines or
carboxylic acids incorporating a C8 to C30
alkyl, alkenyl or acyl group, including
esters of sorbitan and of polyhydric
alcohols,
(iii) silicones, mineral oils and polyols such as
polyethylene glycol.
A number of fabric conditioning compounds
are set out in US-A-4137180, and EP-A-239910.
Fabric conditioning compositions for
addition to a rinse liquid are frequently in the form
of aqueous dispersions of the conditioning agent. They
can also be made in the form of powders.
The amount of perfume in such conditioning
liquids and powders is usually 0.1% to 2% by weight.
Preferred levels can vary depending on the
concentration of softening agent and requirements of
the market.
The amount of perfume in very concentrated
fabric conditioners may lie in the broader range 0.1%
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to.10% by weight, preferably 2% to 8% by weight.
A fabric conditioning sheet is intended to
be placed with damp, rinsed, laundry in a tumble
dryer. Such a product contains a fabric conditioner,
which may be a nonionic compound as mentioned above,
soap and/or fatty acide, and which melts at
temperatures encountered in a tumble dryer. This is
carried on a porous sheet. Silicone oil may be
included. The amount of perfume incorporated in such
a product is usually from 2% to 10% of the product and
frequently from 2% or 4% to 7% or 8% by weight of the
product.
Another form of product for the treatment of
fabrics is a carrier liquid containing perfume and
packaged in an applicator which delivers the
composition as a spray. Such a spray may be marketed
as a "refreshing spray" for garments. In such a
product, the content of perfume will generally lie in
a range from 0.1% to 10% by weight of the liquid
composition.
This invention may be utilised to sustain a
presence of perfume on garments whose fabric was
treated with perfume during the manufacturing process,
before the fabric is first worn. Such pretreatment
with perfume may be carried out as treatment of yarn
which is later made into fabric, or in the "finishing"
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of new fabric in the form of a web or lengths from a
web which have not yet been made into garments, or
possibly garments which have been made but not yet
been worn. That perfume have been a preferentially-
5 deposited composition of the invention.
Finishing is a step in the processing of
fabrics to improve hand or surface appearance of
fabric. The fabric will typically be treated with an
aqueous treatment liquor containing fabric softener or
10 other material to deposit at a level of up to 3% by
weight of the fabric. Perfume may be included in the
liquor to deposit at a level of 0.001o to 1% by weight
of the fabric.
Preferably the treatment with a perfume
15 composition is carried out while treating with other
material in a conventional process step, especially a
wet stage in which the yarn or fabric is treated with
a finishing agent to improve its hand or appearance.
The materials which may be applied to fabric
20 in a conventional finishing treatment include resins
to confer stiffness, fabric stability or permanent
press, fabric softeners, flame retardants, fabric
brighteners, anti-snag agents, materials to confer
soil or stain resistance and water repellants.
25 Techniques which are conventionally used to
apply such materials are padding and exhaustion, both
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well known in the technology of textile manufacture.
Example 1
This experiment demonstrates perfume
deposition on spandex fibres. A mixture of perfume
ingredients was prepared and added to an unperfumed,
but otherwise conventional, laundry detergent powder,
to provide a perfume concentration of 0.5% by weight.
The perfumed powder was used to wash test
cloths which had not previously been treated with any
perfume. These were either all cotton, or 9501 cotton
with 5% spandex. After washing, the cloths were rinsed
and then line dried overnight.
The perfume was extracted from the dry
cloths with organic solvent, and the content of the
perfume ingredients in the solvent extracts was
determined by gas chromatography. if the concentration
of an ingredient extracted from the spandex containing
cloth was greater than from the all-cotton cloth by a
factor of 5 to 20, the result was coded as a medium
enhancement(M). If the concentration was greater by 20
or more, it was coded high(H) and if less than 5 or
not measurable, it was coded(L). The results obtained
were as follows:
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Ingredient K* logP* Enhancement Category
*
Boisambrene Forte 1714 5.5 M B
benzyl acetone 1206 2.0 M -
citronellol 1209 3.6 H A'
2,6-dimethyl-heptan-
2-ol 975 2.9 L -
jasmacyclene 1394 2.9 H B'
methyl salicylate 1167 2.3 L -
2-phenylethanol 1087 1.4 L -
terpinyl acetate 1331 4.0 H B'
tetrahydrogeraniol 1180 3.6 H A'
tetrahydrolinalol 1083 3.5 H A'
Tonalid 1840 6.4 M B
yara 1416 3.2 H B'
* Measured on OV-1 polydimethylsiloxane (Ohio
Valley) as stationary phase using capillary gc
** Measured or estimated using 'logP' software from
ACD Inc.
Example 2
Two perfume compositions contained perfume
ingredients in the specified categories, as follows:
Perfume Category A Category B
within within A within within B
A' but not A' B' but not B'
A 35.1% 4.5% 46.6% 5.0%
B 41.8% 0 43.8% 7.5%
C 27.6% 4 .0% 29.0% 21.2%
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These were used in the procedure of the Malodour
Reduction Value test, as above, using test cloths which
were 95% cotton 5% spandex. For the control, unperfumed
washing powder was used to wash all-cotton test cloths.
The following results were obtained:
Perfume A Perfume B Perfume C
Average panel 1.04 1.29 1.57
score:
Control panel 2.46 2.46 2.46
score:
Malodour Reduction 1.42 1.17 0.89
Value
Malodour Reduction 57.7% 47.4% 36.1%
Value as % of
control score
