Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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CLEANSING COMPOSITIONS
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to cleansing compositions. In particular it
relates to mild personal cleansing compositions which display improved
product stability and in combination with good rinse feel, good skin feel
attributes, and foaming properties which are suitable for simultaneously
cleansing and conditioning the skin and/or the hair and which may be used,
for example, in the form of foam bath preparations, shower products, skin
cleansers, hand, face and body cleansers, shampoos, etc.
Back ound Of The Invention
Mild cosmetic compositions must satisfy a number of criteria including
cleansing power, foaming properties and mildness/low irritancy/good feel
with respect to the skin, hair and the ocular mucosae. Skin is made up of
several layers of cells which coat and protect the underlying tissue. The
keratin and collagen fibrous proteins that form the skeleton of its structure.
The outermost of these layers is referred to as the stratum corneum. Hair
similarly has a protective outer coating enclosing the hair fibre which is
called the cuticle. Anionic surfactants can penetrate the stratum corneum
membrane and the cuticle and, by delipidization destroy membrane
integrity and loss of barrier and water retention functions.
This interference with skin and hair protective membranes can lead to a
rough skin feel and eye irritation and may eventually permit the surfactant
to trigger immune response creating irritation.
Ideal cosmetic cleansers should cleanse the skin or hair gently, without
defatting and/or drying the hair and skin and without irritating the ocular
mucosae or leaving skin taut after frequent use. Most lathering soaps,
shower and bath products, shampoos and bars fail in this respect.
Certain synthetic surfactants are known to be mild. However, a major
drawback of some mild synthetic surfactant systems when formulated for
shampooing or personal cleansing is that they have what can be described
as a "slippy" or "non-draggy" rinse feel which is not liked by some
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consumers. The use of certain surfactants such as potassium laurate, on the
other hand, can yield a "draggy" rinse feel but at the expense of clinical
skin mildness. These two facts make the selection of suitable surfactants in
the rinse feel and mildness benefit formulation process a delicate balancing
act.
Thus a need exists for personal cleansing compositions which deliver a
"draggy" rinse feel while at the same time having excellent skin mildness,
in addition to excellent product characteristics such as lather, and in-use
skin feel attributes.
Personal cleansing compositions having a "draggy" rinse feel at the same
time as having excellent mildness characteristics are provided by the
combination of certain water-insoluble oils, such as certain polyalphaolefin
oils, in combination with a mild, water-soluble surfactant system.
Although providing improvements in rinse feel, systems containing such
oils are not always successful from the viewpoint of product stability,
rheology and product dispensability. While not wishing to be limited by
theory this is believed to be due to the low density characteristics of such
oils. Therefore it would be desirable to improve the stability and rheology
characteristics of such systems.
Conventional personal cleansing compositions use materials such as
Bentone gels and ethylene glycol distearate. Crystalline hydroxyl-
containing stabilizer materials such as trihydroxystearin are known for use
in liquid skin cleansers. WO 96/25144 discloses stress stable lathering skin
cleansing compositions comprising a crystalline, hydroxy-containing
stabilizer, lipid skin moisturising agent, surfactant and water. GB-A-
2297975 discloses personal cleansing compositions comprising surfactant,
water-insoluble salt of a C 14-C22 fatty acid, optionally a cationic or
nonionic polymeric skin conditioning agent, trihydroxystearin and water.
It has now been surprisingly found that by incorporating crystalline,
hydroxy-containing materials such as trihydroxystearin into personal
cleansing compositions containing mild, water-soluble surfactant systems
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and certain low density polyolefin oils, significant improvements in product
stability, rheology and thickening characteristics are provided, at the same
time as providing excellent rinse feel.
Summary Of The Invention
According to the present invention there is provided a rinse-off
liquid personal cleansing composition comprising:
(a) water,
{b) from about 1 % to about 60% by weight of a water-soluble
surfactant,
(c) a water-insoluble oil selected from highly branched
polyalphaolefins having the following formula:
R2
R1-~-~_C-~CH2)n)m R4
R3
wherein R 1 is H or C 1-C20 alkyl, R4 is C 1-C20 alkyl,
R2 is H or C 1-C20, and R3 is C 1-C2p preferably from
C5-C20, n is an integer from 0 to 3 and m is an integer
of from 1 to 1000 and having a number average
molecular weight of from about 1000 to about 25,000,
and
(d) a crystalline, hydroxy-containing stabilizer selected from
(i)
CH2-OR 1
CH-OR2
CH2-OR3
wherein
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R1 is -(C=O)-R4(COH)xR5(COH)yR6
R2 is R1 or H
R3 is R1 or H
R4 is CO-20 alkyl
RS is CO-C20 alkyl
R6 is CO-C20 alkyl
R4+RS+R6=C 10-22
and wherein 1 5 x+y S 4
(ii) R7-(C=O)-OM
where+R7 is -R4(COH)xR5(COH)yR6, M is Na+, K+,
or Mg , or H,
and (iii) mixtures thereof.
The compositions of the present invention provide an improvement in
stability and rheology characteristics while at the same time providing an
excellent rinse feel to the skin.
All concentrations and ratios herein are by weight of the cleansing
composition, unless otherwise specified. Surfactant chain lengths are also
on a weight average chain length basis, unless otherwise specified.
Detailed Description of the Invention
The liquid cleansing compositions herein comprise water, surfactant,
crystalline hydroxy-containing stabilizer and a certain water-insoluble oiI
which will be described below.
As used herein the term "rinse feel" means the feeling of the skin during the
process of rinsing lather from the skin after cleansing with a cleansing
composition. The type of rinse feel which is provided by the compositions
of the present invention can be described by terms such as a "draggy" rinse
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feel, a "soap-like" rinse feel and a "non-slippery" or "non-slimy" rinse feel.
Such a "draggy", "soap-like", "non-slippery" or "non-slimy" rinse feel can
be detected by an increase in friction between the hand and skin during the
process of rinsing lather from the skin.
As used herein the term "water-insoluble" in relation to oils is a material
which is substantially insoluble in distilled water at room temperature
without the addition of other adjuncts and/or ingredients such as described
herein.
The water-insoluble oil for use herein is selected from (a) highly branched
polyalphaolefins having the following formula:
R2
R1-~-~-C_ ~CH2)n)m-R4
R3
wherein R1 is H or C 1-C2p alkyl, R4 is C 1-C20 alkyl, R2 is H or C 1-C20,
and R3 is CS-C20, n is an integer from 0 to 3 and m is an integer of from 1
to 1000 and having a number average molecular weight of from about 1000
to about 25,000, preferably from about 2500 to about 6000, more preferably
from about 2500 to about 4000. Preferably the polyalphaolefins of type (a)
use herein have a viscosity of from about 300cst to about SO,OOOcst,
preferably from about 1000cst to about 12,000 cst, more preferably from
about 1000cst to about 4000cst at 40°C using the ASTM D-445 method for
measuring viscosity. The oils of type (a) may also have a degree of
unsaturation, but are preferably saturated.
Suitable polyalphaolefins of type (a) as described above can be derived
from 1-alkene monomers having from about 4 to about 20 carbon atoms,
preferably from about 6 to about 12 carbon atoms, especially from about 8
to about 12 carbon atoms. The polyalphaolefins useful herein are
preferably hydrogenated polyalphaolefin polymers.
Non-limiting examples of 1-alkene monomers for use in preparing the
polyalphaolefin polymers herein include 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-
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dodecene, 1-tetradecene, branched chain isomers such as 4-methyl-1-
pentene, and combinations thereof. Also suitable for preparing the
polyolefin liquids are 1-hexene to 1-hexadecenes and combinations thereof,
more preferably 1-octene to 1-dodecene or combinations thereof.
Examples of such oils include polydecene oils such as those commercially
available from Mobil Chemical Company, P.O. Box 3140, Edison, New
Jersey 08818, USA, under the tradename Puresyn 40 and Puresyn 100.
Particularly preferred from the viewpoint of improving rinse feel of the
composition is a highly branched polyalphaolefin material of type (a}
having a number average molecular weight of from about 2500 to about
4000 and a viscosity of from about 100cst to about 2000 cst (ASTM D-445
at 45°C) such as that commercially available from Mobil under the
tradename Puresyn 100.
Mixtures of the above oils are also suitable for use herein.
In preferred embodiments the number average particle diameter for the
water-insoluble oil used herein lies in the range of from about 1 micron to
about 500 microns, preferably from about S to about 200 microns, more
preferably from about 5 to 50 microns, especially from about 5 to about 20
microns.
The compositions herein preferably comprise from about 0.1 % to about
20%, more preferably from about 0.5% to about 10%, especially from about
1 % to about 5% by weight of water-insoluble oil.
Surfactant S, s
As a further essential feature the compositions of the present invention
comprise a surfactant system of water-soluble surfactants. Water-soluble,
as defined herein, means a surfactant having a molecular weight of less than
about 20,000 wherein the surfactant is capable of forming a clear isotropic
solution when dissolved in water at 0.2 % w/w under ambient conditions.
Surfactants suitable for inclusion in compositions according to the present
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invention generally have a lipophilic chain length of from about 6 to about
22 carbon atoms and can be selected from anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic
and amphoteric surfactants and mixtures thereof. The total level of
surfactant is preferably from about 2% to about 40%, more preferably from
about 3% to about 20% by weight, and especially from about 5% to about
1 S% by weight. The compositions preferably comprise a mixture of
anionic with zwitterionic and/or amphoteric surfactants. The weight ratio
of anionic surfactant: zwitterionic and/or amphoteric surfactant is in the
range from about 1:10 to about 10:1, preferably from about 1:5 to about
5:1, more preferably from about 1:3 to about 3:1. Other suitable
compositions within the scope of the invention comprise mixtures of
anionic, zwitterionic and/or amphoteric surfactants with one or more
nonionic surfactants.
The compositions of the invention can comprise a water-soluble anionic
surfactant at levels from about 0.1 % to about 20%, more preferably from
about 0.1 % to about 15%, and especially from about 1 % to about 10% by
weight.
Water soluble anionic surfactants suitable for inclusion in the compositions
of the invention include alkyl sulfates, ethoxylated alkyl sulfates, alkyl
ethoxy carboxylates, alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates, ethoxy ether
sulfonates, methyl acyl taurates, fatty acyl glycinates, N-acyl glutamates,
acyl isethionates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, alkyl ethoxysulphosuccinates,
alpha-sulfonated fatty acids, their salts and/or their esters, alkyl phosphate
esters, ethoxylated alkyl phosphate esters, acyl sarcosinates and fatty
acid/protein condensates, soaps such as ammonium, magnesium, potassium,
triethanolamine and sodium salts of lauric acid, myristic acid and palmitic
acid, acyl aspartates, alkoxy cocamide carboxylates, (ethoxylated)
alkanolamide sulphosuccinates, ethoxylated alkyl citrate sulphosuccinates,
acyl ethylene diamine triacetates, acylhydroxyethyl isethionates, acyl amide
alkoxy sulfates, linear alkyl benzene sulfonates, paraffin sulfonates, alpha
olefin sulfonates, alkyl alkyoxy sulfates, and mixtures thereof. Alkyl
and/or acyl chain lengths for these surfactants are C6-C22, preferably C 12-
C 1 g more preferably C 12_C 14~
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Additional water-soluble anionic surfactants suitable for use in the
compositions according to the present invention are the salts of sulfuric
acid esters of the reaction product of 1 mole of a higher fatty alcohol and
from about 1 to about 12 moles of ethylene oxide, with sodium, ammonium
and magnesium being the preferred counterions. Particularly preferred are
the alkyl ethoxy sulfates containing from about 2 to 6, preferably 2 to 4
moles of ethylene oxide, such as sodium laureth-2 sulfate, sodium laureth-3
sulfate, ammonium laureth-3 sulfate and magnesium sodium laureth-3.6
sulfate. In preferred embodiments, the anionic surfactant contains at least
about 50% especially at least about 75% by weight of ethoxylated alkyl
sulfate.
In addition to the broad range ethoxylated alkyl sulfates obtained via
conventional sodium catalysed ethoxylation techniques and subsequent
sulphation processes, ethoxylated alkyl sulfates obtained from narrow range
ethoxylates (NREs) are also suitable water-soluble anionic surfactants for
use in the present compositions. Narrow range ethoxylated alkyl sulfates
suitable for use herein are selected from sulphated alkyl ethoxylates
containing on average from about 1 to about 6, preferably from about 2 to
about 4 and especially about 3 moles of ethylene oxide such as NRE
sodium laureth-3 sulfate. NRE materials suitable for use herein contain
distributions of the desired ethylene oxide (EOn) in the ranges of from 15%
to about 30% by weight of EOn, from about 10% to about 20% by weight
of EOn+1 and from about 10% to about 20% by weight of EOn_1. Highly
preferred NRE materials contain less than about 9% by weight of
ethoxylated alkyl sulfate having 7 or more moles of ethylene oxide and less
than about 13% by weight of non-ethoxylated alkyl sulfate. Suitable
laureth 3 sulfate NRE materials are available from Hoechst under the trade
names GENAPOL ZRO Narrow Range and GENAPOL Narrow Range.
The compositions of the present invention may contain, as a water-soluble
anionic surfactant alkyl ethoxy carboxylate surfactant at a level of from
about 0.5% to about 1 S%, preferably from about 1 % to about 10%, more
preferably from about 1 % to about 6% and especially from about 1 % to
about 4% by weight. Alkyl ethoxy carboxylate surfactant is particularly
valuable in the compositions according to the present invention for the
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delivery of excellent skin mildness attributes in combination with excellent
rinsing performance and desirable lather characteristics.
Alkyl ethoxy carboxylates suitable for use herein have the general formula
(I):
R30(CH2CH20)kCH2C00-M+
wherein R3 is a C 1 p to C 16 alkyl or alkenyl group, preferably a C 11-C 15
more preferably a C 12-C 14 alkyl or C 12-C 13 alkyl group, k is an average
value of ethoxylation ranging from 2 to about 7, preferably from about 3 to
about 6, more preferably from about 3.5 to about 5.5, especially from about
4 to about 5, most preferably from about 4 to about 4.5, and M is a water-
solubilizing cation, preferably an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal,
ammonium, lower alkanol ammonium, and mono-, di-, and tri-ethanol
ammonium, more preferably sodium, potassium and ammonium, most
preferably sodium and ammonium and mixtures thereof with magnesium
and calcium ions.
Particularly preferred as water-soluble anionic surfactants suitable for use
herein are alkyl ethoxy carboxylate surfactants having a selected
distribution of alkyl chain length and/or ethoxylate. Thus, the alkyl ethoxy
carboxylate surfactants suitable for use in the compositions according to the
present invention may comprise a distribution of alkyl ethoxy carboxylates
having different average values of R3 and/or k.
The average value of k will generally fall in the range of from about 3 to
about 6 when the average R3 is C 11, C 12~ C 13 or C 14. Preferred water-
soluble anionic alkyl ethoxy carboxylate surfactants suitable for use herein
are the C 12 to C 1 q. (average EO 3-6) ethoxy carboxylates and the C 12 to
C 13 (average EO 3-6) ethoxy carboxylates. Suitable materials include salts
of NEODOX 23-4 (RTM) available from Shell Inc. (Houston, Texas, USA)
and EMPICOL (RTM) CBCS (Albright & Wilson). Highly preferred for
use herein are alkyl ethoxy carboxylate surfactants wherein, when R3 is a
C 12-C 14 or C 12-C 13 alkyl group and the average value of k is in the range
of from about 3 to about 6, more preferably from about 3.5 to about 5.5,
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especially from about 4 to about 5 and most preferably from about 4 to
about 4.5.
In preferred embodiments the compositions are substantially free of soap,
i.e. they contain less than about S%, preferably less than about 1%,
preferably 0%, by weight, of soap.
The compositions according to the present invention may additionally
comprise water-soluble nonionic surfactant at levels from about 0.1% to
about 20%, more preferably from about 0.1 % to about 10%, and especially
from about 1 % to about 8% by weight. Surfactants of this class include
sucrose polyester surfactants, C 1 p-C 1 g alkyl polyglycosides and
polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants having the general formula (III).
O R9
R8-C-N-Z2
The preferred N-alkyl, N-alkoxy or N-aryloxy, polyhydroxy fatty acid
amide surfactants according to formula (III) are those in which Rg is CS-
C31 hydrocarbyl, preferably C6-C 19 hydrocarbyl, including straight-chain
and branched chain alkyl and alkenyl, or mixtures thereof and Rg is
typically, hydrogen, C1-Cg alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, preferably methyl, or a
group of formula -R1-O-R2 wherein R1 is C2-Cg hydrocarbyl including
straight-chain, branched-chain and cyclic (including aryl), and is preferably
C2-C4 alkylene, R2 is C 1-Cg straight-chain, branched-chain and cyclic
hydrocarbyl including aryl and oxyhydrocarbyl, and is preferably C1-C4
alkyl, especially methyl, or phenyl. Z2 is a polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl
moiety having a linear hydrocarbyi chain with at least 2 (in the case of
glyceraldehyde) or at least 3 hydroxyls (in the case of other reducing
sugars) directly connected to the chain, or an alkoxylated derivative
(preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated) thereof. Z2 preferably will be
derived from a reducing sugar in a reductive ammination reaction, most
preferably Z2 is a glycityl moiety. Suitable reducing sugars include
glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose, and xylose, as well
as glyceraldehyde. As raw materials, high dextrose corn syrup, high
fructose corn syrup, and high maltose corn syrup can be utilised as well as
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the individual sugars listed above. These corn syrups may yield a mix of
sugar components for Z2. It should be understood that it is by no means
intended to exclude other suitable raw materials. Z2 preferably will be
selected from the group consisting of CH2-(CHOH)n-CH20H,
CH(CH20H)-(CHOH)n_ 1-CH20H,
CH2(CHOH)2(CHOR')CHOH)CH20H, where n is an integer from 1 to 5,
inclusive, and R' is H or a cyclic mono- or poly-saccharide, and alkoxylated
derivatives thereof. As noted, most preferred are glycityls wherein n is 4,
particularly CH2-(CHOH)4-CH20H.
The most preferred polyhydroxy fatty acid amide has the formula
Rg(CO)N(CH3 )CH2(CHOH)4CH20H wherein Rg is a C6-C 1 g straight
chain alkyl or alkenyl group. In compounds of the above formula, Rg-CO-
N< can be, for example, cocoamide, stearamide, oleamide, lauramide,
myristamide, capricamide, caprylicamide, palmitamide, tallowamide, etc.
Exemplary non-ionic surfactants suitable for use in the compositions
according to the present invention include primary amines such as
cocamine (available as Adagen 160D (TM) from Witco) and alkanolamides
such as cocamide MEA (available as Empilan CME (TM) from Albright
and Wilson), PEG-3 cocamide, cocamide DEA (available as Empilan CDE
(TM) from Albright and Wilson), lauramide MEA (available as Empilan
LME (TM) from Albright and Wilson), lauramide MIPA, lauramide DEA,
and mixtures thereof.
Suitable amphoteric surfactants for use herein include (a) ammonium
derivatives of formula [VJ:
R~ CON(CH2)2N CH2C02M
i
R3 R2
wherein Rl is CS-C22 alkyl or alkenyl, R2 is CH2CH20H or
CH2C02M, M is H, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium or
alkanolammonium and R3 is CH2CH20H or H;
(b) aminoalkanoates of formula [VI]
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R 1 NH(CH2)nCO2M
iminodialkanoates of formula (VII)
R1N~(CH2)mC02M~2
and iminopolyalkanoates of formula {VIII)
Rl ~{CH2)p~q - N ~CH2C02M]2
CH2C02M
wherein n, m, p, and q are numbers from 1 to 4, and Rl and M are
independently selected from the groups specified above; and
(c) mixtures thereof.
Suitable amphoteric surfactants of type (a) include compounds of formula
(V) in which R1 is C8H1 ~ (especially isocapryl), C9H1 g and C 11 H23
alkyl. Suitable amphoteric surfactants of type (a) are marketed under the
trade name Miranol and Empigen.
In CTFA nomenclature, materials suitable for use in the present invention
include cocoamphocarboxypropionate, cocoamphocarboxy propionic acid,
cocoamphoacetate, cocoamphodiacetate (otherwise referred to as
cocoamphocarboxyglycinate), sodium lauroamphoacetate (otherwise
referred to as sodium lauroamphocarboxyglycinate). Specific commercial
products include those sold under the trade names of Ampholak 7TX
(sodium carboxy methyl tallow polypropyl amine), Empigen CDL60 and
CDR 60 (Albright & Wilson), Miranol H2M Conc. Miranol C2M Conc.
N.P., Miranol C2M Conc. O.P., Miranol C2M SF, Miranol CM Special,
Miranol Ultra L32 and C32 (Rhone-Poulenc); Alkateric 2CIB (Alkaril
Chemicals); Amphoterge W-2 (Lonza, Inc.); Monateric CDX-38, Monateric
CSH-32 (Mona Industries); Rewoteric AM-2C (Rewo Chemical Group);
and Schercotic MS-2 (Scher Chemicals).
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It will be understood that a number of commercially-available amphoteric
surfactants of this type are manufactured and sold in the form of
electroneutral complexes with, for example, hydroxide counterions or with
anionic sulfate or sulfonate surfactants, especially those of the sulfated Cg-
C 1 g alcohol, Cg-C 1 g ethoxylated alcohol or Cg-C 1 g acyl glyceride types.
Preferred from the viewpoint of mildness and product stability, however,
are compositions which are essentially free of (non-ethoxylated) sulfated
alcohol surfactants. Note also that the concentrations and weight ratios of
the amphoteric surfactants are based herein on the uncomplexed forms of
the surfactants, any anionic surfactant counterions being considered as part
of the overall anionic surfactant component content.
Examples of suitable amphoteric surfactants of type (b) include N-alkyl
polytrimethylene poly-, carboxymethylamines sold under the trade names
Ampholak X07 and Ampholak 7CX by Berol Nobel and also salts,
especially the triethanolammonium salts and salts of N-lauryl-beta-amino
propionic acid and N-lauryl-imino-dipropionic acid. Such materials are
sold under the trade name Deriphat by Henkel and Mirataine by Rhone-
Poulenc.
The compositions herein can also contain from about 0.1% to about 20%,
more preferably from about 0.1 % to about 10%, and especially from about
1 % to about $% by weight of a zwitterionic surfactant.
Water-soluble betaine surfactants suitable for inclusion in the compositions
of the present invention include alkyl betaines of the formula RSR6R7N+
(CH2)nC02M and amido betaines of the formula (IX)
R6
RSCON(CH2)mN(CH2)nC02M
I
R~
wherein RS is C5-C22 alkyl or alkenyl, R6 and R7 are independently Cl-
C3 alkyl, M is H, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium or
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alkanolammonium, and n, m are each numbers from 1 to 4. Preferred
betaines include cocoamidopropyldimethylcarboxymethyl betaine,
commercially available from TH Goldschmidt under the tradename Tego
betaine, and laurylamidopropyldimethylcarboxymethyl betaine,
commercially available from Albright and Wilson under the tradename
Empigen BR and from TH Goldschmidt under the tradename Tegobetaine
L10S.
Water-soluble sultaine surfactants suitable for inclusion in the compositions
of the present invention include alkylamido sultaines of the formula;
R2
R~CON(CH2)mN+(CH2)nCH(OH)CHZS03 M+
R3
wherein Rl is C~ to C22 alkyl or alkenyl, R2 and R3 are independently Cl
to C3 alkyl, M is H, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium or
alkanolammonium and m and n are numbers from 1 to 4. Suitable for use
herein is coco amido propylhydroxy sultaine which is commercially
available under the tradename Mirataine CBS from Rhone-Poulenc.
Water-soluble amine oxide surfactants suitable for inclusion in the
compositions of the present invention include alkyl amine oxide
RSR6R~N0 and amido amine oxides of the formula
R6
RSCON(CH2)mN --~-~ O
R7
wherein RS is C 11 to C22 alkyl or alkenyl, R6 and R~ are independently
C 1 to C3 alkyl, M is H, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium or
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alkanolammonium and m is a number from 1 to 4. Preferred amine oxides
include cocoamidopropylamine oxide, lauryl dimethyl amine oxide and
myristyl dimethyl amine oxide.
Polymeric Cationic Conditioning Ag-ent
The compositions according to the present invention can optionally include
a polymeric cationic conditioning agent. Polymeric cationic conditioning
agents are valuable in the compositions according to the present invention
for provision of desirable skin feel attributes. The polymeric skin
conditioning agent is preferably present at a level from about 0.01 % to
about 5%, preferably from about 0.01% to about 3% and especially from
about 0.01 % to about 2% by weight.
Suitable polymers are high molecular weight materials (mass-average
molecular weight determined, for instance, by light scattering, being
generally from about 2,000 to about 5,000,000, preferably from about 5,000
to about 3,000,000 more preferably from 100,000 to about 1,000,000).
Representative classes of polymers include cationic guar gums, cationic
polysaccharides; cationic homopolymers and copolymers derived from
acrylic and/or methacrylic acid; cationic cellulose resins, quaternized
hydroxy ethyl cellulose ethers; cationic copolymers of
dimethyldiallylammonium chloride and acrylamide and/or acrylic acid;
cationic homopolymers of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride; copolymers
of dimethyl aminoethylmethacrylate and acrylamide, acrylic
acid/dimethyldiallylammonium chloride/acrylamide copolymers,
quaternised vinyl pyrrolidone acrylate or methacrylate copolymers of
amino alcohol, quaternized copolymers of vinyl pyrrolidone and
dimethylaminoethylmethacrylamide, vinyl pyrollidone/vinyl imidazolium
methochloride copolymers and polyalkylene and ethoxypolyalkylene
imines; quaternized silicones, terpolymers of acrylic acid,
methacrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and methyl acrylate,
and mixtures thereof.
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By way of exemplification, cationic polymers suitable for use herein
include cationic guar gums such as hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium
guar gum (d.s. of from 0.11 to 0.22) available commercially under the trade
names Jaguar C-14-S(RTM) and Jaguar C-17(RTM) and also Jaguar C-
16(RTM), which contains hydroxypropyl substituents (d.s. of from 0.8-1.1 )
in addition to the above-specified cationic groups, and quaternized hydroxy
ethyl cellulose ethers available commercially under the trade names Ucare
Polymer JR-30M, JR-400, LR400, Catanal (RTM) and Celquat. Other
suitable cationic polymers are homopolymers of dimethyldiallylammonium
chloride available commercially under the trade name Merquat 100,
copolymers of dimethyl aminoethylmethacrylate and acrylamide,
copolymers of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride and acrylamide,
available commercially under the trade names Merquat 550 and Merquat S,
acrylic acid/dimethyldiallylammonium chloride/acrylamide copolymers
available under the trade name Merquat 3330, terpolymers of acrylic acid,
methacrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and methyl acrylate
commercially available under the tradename Merquat 2001, quaternized
vinyl pyrrolidone acrylate or methacrylate copolymers of amino alcohol
available commercially under the trade name Gafquat, for example
Polyquaternium 11, 23 and 28 (quaternized copolymers of vinyl
pyrrolidone and dimethyl aminoethylmethacrylate - Gafquat 755N and
quaternized copolymers of vinyl pyrrolidone and dimethyl
aminoethylmethacrylamide - HS-100), vinyl pyrrolidone/vinyl imidazolium
methochloride copolymers available under the trade names Luviquat
FC370, Polyquaternium 2, and polyalkyleneimines such as
polyethylenimine and ethoxylated polyethylenimine. Also suitable for use
herein are those cationic polymers commercially available under the
tradename Aqualon N-Hance.
The compositions of the invention may also contain from about 0.1 % to
about 20%, preferably from about 1 % to about 15%, and more preferably
from about 2% to about 10% by weight of an oil derived nonionic
surfactant or mixture of oil derived nonionic surfactants. Oil derived
nonionic surfactants are valuable in compositions according to the
invention for the provision of skin feel benefits both in use and after use.
Suitable oil derived nonionic surfactants for use herein include water
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17
soluble vegetable and animal-derived emollients such as triglycerides with
a polyethyleneglycol chain inserted; ethoxylated mono and di-glycerides,
polyethoxylated lanolins and ethoxylated butter derivatives. One preferred
class of oil-derived nonionic surfactants for use herein have the general
formula (XII)
0
,;
RCOCH2 CH ( OH ) CH2 ( OCH2 CH2 ) nOH
wherein n is from about 5 to about 200, preferably from about 20 to about
100, more preferably from about 30 to about 85, and wherein R comprises
an aliphatic radical having on average from about S to 20 carbon atoms,
preferably from about 7 to 18 carbon atoms.
Suitable ethoxylated oils and fats of this class include polyethyleneglycol
derivatives of glyceryl cocoate, glyceryl caproate, glyceryl caprylate,
glyceryl tallowate, glyceryl palmate, glyceryl stearate, glyceryl laurate,
glyceryl oleate, glyceryl ricinoleate, and glyceryl fatty esters derived from
triglycerides, such as palm oil, almond oil, and corn oil, preferably glyceryl
tallowate and glyceryl cocoate.
Suitable oil derived nonionic surfactants of this class are available from
Croda Inc. (New York, USA) under their Crovol line of materials such as
Crovol EP40 (PEG 20 evening primrose glyceride), Crovol EP 70 (PEG 60
evening primrose glyceride) Crovol A-40 (PEG 20 almond glyceride),
Crovol A-70 (PEG 60 almond glyceride), Crovol M-40 (PEG 20 maize
glyceride), Crovol M-70 (PEG 60 maize glyceride), Crovol PK-40 (PEG 12
palm kernel glyceride), and Crovol PK-70 (PEG 45 palm kernel glyceride)
and under their Solan range of materials such as Solan E, E50 and X
polyethoxylated lanolins and Aqualose L-20 (PEG 24 lanolin alcohol) and
Aqualose W 15 (PEG 15 lanolin alcohol) available from Westbrook
Lanolin. Further suitable surfactants of this class are commercially
available from Sherex Chemical Co. (Dublin, Ohio, USA) under their
Varonic LI line of surfactants and from Rewo under their Rewoderm line of
surfactants. These include, for example, Varonic LI 48 (polyethylene
glycol (n=80) glyceryl tallowate, alternatively referred to as PEG 80
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glyceryl tallowate), Varonic LI 2 (PEG 28 glyceryl tallowate), Varonic LI
420 (PEG 200 glyceryl tallowate), and Varonic LI 63 and 67 (PEG 30 and
PEG 80 glyceryl cocoates), Rewoderm LIS-20 (PEG-200 palmitate),
Rewoderm LIS-80 (PEG-200 palmitate with PEG-7 glyceryl cocoate) and
Rewoderm LIS-75 (PEG-200 palmitate with PEG-7 glyceryl cocoate) and
mixtures thereof. Other oil-derived emollients suitable for use are PEG
derivatives of corn, avocado, and babassu oil, as well as Softigen 767
(PEG(6) caprylic/capric glycerides).
Also suitable for use herein are nonionic surfactants derived from
composite vegetable fats extracted from the fruit of the Shea Tree
(Butyrospermum Karkii Kotschy) and derivatives thereof. This vegetable
fat, known as Shea Butter is widely used in Central Africa for a variety of
means such as soap making and as a barrier cream, it is marketed by
Sederma (78610 Le Perray En Yvelines, France). Particularly suitable are
ethoxylated derivatives of Shea butter available from Karlshamn Chemical
Co. (Columbos, Ohio, USA) under their Lipex range of chemicals, such as
Lipex 102 E-75 and Lipex 102 E-3 (ethoxylated mono, di-glycerides of
Shea butter) and from Croda Inc. (New York, USA) under their Crovol line
of materials such as Crovol SB-70 (ethoxylated mono, di-glycerides of
Shea butter). Similarly, ethoxylated derivatives of Mango, Cocoa and Illipe
butter may be used in compositions according to the invention. Although
these are classified as ethoxylated nonionic surfactants it is understood that
a certain proportion may remain as non-ethoxylated vegetable oil or fat.
Other suitable oil-derived nonionic surfactants include ethoxylated
derivatives of almond oil, peanut oil, rice bran oil, wheat germ oil, linseed
oil, jojoba oil, oil of apricot pits, walnuts, palm nuts, pistachio nuts,
sesame
seeds, rapeseed, cade oil, corn oil, peach pit oil, poppyseed oil, pine oil,
castor oil, soybean oil, avocado oil, safflower oil, coconut oil, hazelnut
oil,
olive oil, grapeseed oil, and sunflower seed oil.
Oil derived nonionic surfactants highly preferred for use herein from the
viewpoint of optimum mildness and skin feel characteristics are Lipex 102-
3 (RTM) (PEG-3 ethoxylated derivatives of Shea Butter) and Softigen 767
(RTM) (PEG-6 caprylic/capric glycerides).
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The compositions according to the present invention can also comprise
lipophilic emulsifiers as skin care actives. Suitable lipophilic skin care
actives include anionic food grade emulsifiers which comprise a di-acid
mixed with a monoglyceride such as succinylated monoglycerides,
monostearyl citrate, glyceryl monostearate diacetyl tartrate and mixtures
thereof.
Crystalline, H droxyl-containing Stabilizer
Another essential ingredient of the compositions herein is a crystalline,
hydroxy-containing stabilizer. The crystalline, hydroxy-containing
stabilizer is present in the compositions herein at a level of from about
0.5% to about 10%, preferably from about 0.75% to about 8%, more
preferably from about 1.25% to about 5% by weight.
Suitable crystalline, hydroxy-containing stabilizer materials for use herein
are hydroxy-containing fatty acids, fatty esters, fatty soap water-insoluble
wax-like substances.
Suitable crystalline, hydroxy-containing stabilizer materials for use herein
are selected from:
(i}
CH2-OR 1
CH-ORZ
CH2-OR3
wherein
Rl is -(C=O)-R4(COH)xR5(COH)yR6
R2 is R1 or H
R3 is R1 or H
R4 is CO-20 alkyl
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RS is CO-C20 alkyl
R6 is CO-C20 alkyl
R4+RS+R6=C 10-22
and wherein 1 <_ x+y <_ 4
(ii) R7-(C=O)-OM
where R7 is -R4(COH)xR5(COH)yR6, M is Na+, K+
or Mg , or H,
and (iii) mixtures thereof.
Examples of preferred hydroxy-containing stabilizers for use herein include
12-hydroxystearic acid, 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid, tri-9,10-
dihydroxystearin and tri-12-hydroxystearin. Particularly preferred for use
herein from the viewpoint of improving stability and rheology in
combination with the polyalphaolefin oils is tri-12-hydroxystearin.
Optional In~xedients
The compositions herein can additionally comprise a wide variety of
optional ingredients. Non-limiting examples of such ingredients are
described below.
In addition to the water-insoluble polyalphaolefin oils described above
other water-insoluble oils can be used in the compositions of the present
invetion. Additional water-insoluble oils for use in the personal cleansing
compositions of the present invention those of type (b) which are branched
alk(en)yl materials having the following formula:
R2
R~ -(-(-C-(CH2)n)m R4
R3
wherein Rl is H or Cl-C4 alkyl, R4 is CI-C4 alkyl, R2 is H or Cl-C4 alkyl
or C2-C4 alkenyl, and R3 is H or C 1-C4 alkyl or C2-Cq, alkenyl, n is an
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21
integer from 0 to 3 and m is an integer of from 1 to 1000 and having a
number average molecular weight of from about 600 to about 1000,
preferably from about 750 to about 1000, especially from about 800 to
about 1000. Preferably the branched alk(en)yl materials of type have a
viscosity in the range of from about SOOcst to about SO,OOOcst, preferably
from about 1000cst to about 10,000cst measured at 40°C using the ASTM
method D-445 for measuring viscosity.
Suitable alk(en)yl materials of type (b) for use herein are polymers of
butene, isoprene, terpene, styrene or isobutene, preferably butene or
isobutene.
Examples of alk(en)yl oils of type (b) include polybutene oils such as those
commercially available from Amoco under the tradename Indopol 40 and
Indopol 100 and polyisobutene oils such as those commercially available
from Presperse Inc. under the tradename Permethyl 104A and Parapol 950
from Exxon Chemicals Co..
Also suitable for use herein are hydrophobically modified silicones having
the following formula: hydrophobically modified silicones having the
following formula:
R' R R R'
i
R'-Si-O Si-O Si-O -Si-R'
! ! !
R' (CH2)Z R R'
!
CH3 x y
wherein R is Cl-C4 alkyl or phenyl, R' is C1-C20 alkyl or phenyl, z is 5 to
21, and x has a number average value in the range of from about 20 to 400,
y has a number average value in the range of from about 0 to about 10 and
x + y lies in the range of 30 to 400. Preferred materials have values for x of
from 40 to 200, preferably 60 to 100, values for y of from 0 to 5, preferably
0, and values for the sum of x and y of from 60 to 100. The alkylene chain
z may be linear or branched. In addition, the silicone backbone may
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22
contain a small degree of branching to yield a resin (eg. MDQ or MDT
resins).
Examples of such oils include those hydrophobically modified silicones
available from GE Silicones under the tradename SF 1632 (C 16-C 18 alkyl
methicone), and octyl and decyl methicone.
In preferred embodiments the number average particle diameter for the
additional water-insoluble oil used herein lies in the range of from about 1
micron to about 500 microns, preferably from about 5 to about 200
microns, more preferably from about 5 to 50 microns, especially from about
to about 20 microns.
The present compositions can also comprise an auxiliary nonionic or
anionic polymeric thickening component, especially a water-soluble
polymeric materials, having a molecular weight greater than about 20,000.
By "water-soluble polymer" is meant that the material will form a
substantially clear solution in water at a 1% concentration at 25°C and
the
material will increase the viscosity of the water. Examples of water-soluble
polymers which may desirably be used as an additional thickening
component in the present compositions, are hydroxyethylcellulose,
hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyethylene
glycol, polyacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol (examples
include PVA 217 from Kurary Chemical Co., Japan), polyvinyl pyrrolidone
K-120, dextrans, for example Dextran purified crude Grade 2P, available
from D&O Chemicals, carboxymethyl cellulose, plant exudates such as
acacia, ghatti, and tragacanth, seaweed extracts such as sodium alginate,
propylene glycol alginate and sodium carrageenan. Preferred as the
additional thickeners for the present compositions are natural
polysaccharide materials. Examples of such materials are guar gum, locust
bean gum, and xanthan gum. Also suitable herein preferred is hydroxyethyl
cellulose having a molecular weight of about 700,000.
Hydrotrope
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The compositions according to the present invention may contain as an
optional feature a hydrotrope. Suitable for use herein as hydrotropes are
those well known in the art, including sodium xylene sulphonate,
ammonium xylene sulphonate, sodium cumene sulphonate, short chain
alkyl sulphate and mixtures thereof. Hydrotrope may be present in the
compositions according to the invention at a level of from about 0.01 % to
about 5%, preferably from about 0.1 % to about 4%, more preferably from
about 0.5% to about 3% by weight. Hydrotrope, as defined herein, means,
a material which, when added to a non-dilute, water-soluble surfactant
system can modify its viscosity and rheological profile.
In addition to the water-insoluble oil described above, the compositions of
the invention may also include an insoluble perfume or cosmetic oil or wax
or a mixture thereof at a level up to about 10%, preferably up to about 3%
by weight wherein the oil or wax is insoluble in the sense of being insoluble
in the product matrix at a temperature of 25°C.
Suitable insoluble cosmetic oils and waxes for use herein can be selected
from water-insoluble silicones inclusive of non-volatile polyalkyl and
polyaryl siloxane gums and fluids, volatile cyclic polydimethylsiloxanes,
polyalkoxylated silicones, amino and quaternary ammonium modified
silicones, rigid cross-linked and reinforced silicones and mixtures thereof,
C1-C24 esters of Cg-C3p fatty acids such as isopropyl myristate, myristyl
myristate and cetyl ricinoleate, Cg-C30 esters of benzoic acid, beeswax,
saturated and unsaturated fatty alcohols such as behenyl alcohol,
hydrocarbons such as mineral oils, petrolatum, squalane and squalene, fatty
sorbitan esters (see US-A-3988255, Seiden, issued October 26th 1976),
lanolin and oil-like lanolin derivatives, animal and vegetable triglycerides
such as almond oil, peanut oil, wheat germ oil, rice bran oil, linseed oil,
jojoba oil, oil of apricot pits, walnuts, palm nuts, pistachio nuts, sesame
seeds, rapeseed, cade oil, corn oil, peach pit oil, poppyseed oil, pine oil,
castor oil, soyabean oil, avocado oil, safflower oil, coconut oil, hazelnut
oil,
olive oil, grapeseed oil, and sunflower seed oil, and C 1-C24 esters of dimer
and trimer acids such as diisopropyl dimerate, diisostearylmalate,
diisostearyldimerate and triisostearyltrimerate.
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The viscosity of the final composition (Brookfield DV II, with Cone CP41
or CP52, 25°C, neat) is preferably at least about 500 cps, more
preferably
from about 1,000 to about 50,000 cps, especially from about 1,000 to about
30,000 cps, more especially from about 1,000 to about 15,000 cps.
The cleansing compositions can optionally include other hair or skin
moisturizers which are soluble in the cleansing composition matrix. The
preferred level of such moisturizers is from about 0.5% to about 20% by
weight. In preferred embodiments, the moisturizer is selected from
essential amino acid compounds found naturally occurring in the stratum
corneum of the skin and water-soluble nonpolyol nonocclusives and
mixtures thereof.
Some examples of more preferred nonocclusive moisturizers are squalane,
sodium pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, D-panthenol, lactic acid, L-proline,
guanidine, pyrrolidone, hydrolyzed protein and other collagen-derived
proteins, aloe vera gel, acetamide MEA and lactamide MEA and mixtures
thereof.
The compositions herein may also include one or more suspending agents
in addition to the crystalline, hydroxy-containing stabilizer. Suitable
suspending agents for use herein include any of several long chain acyl
derivative materials or mixtures of such materials. Included are ethylene
glycol esters of fatty acids having from about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms.
Preferred are the ethylene glycol stearates, both mono and distearate, but
particularly the distearate containing less than about 7% of the mono
stearate. Other suspending agents found useful are alkanol amides of fatty
acids, having from about 16 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably from about 16
to 18 carbon atoms. Preferred alkanol amides are stearic
monoethanolamide, stearic diethanolamide, stearic monoisopropanolamide
and stearic monoethanolamide stearate.
Still other suitable suspending agents are alkyl (C 16-C22) dimethyl amine
oxides such as stearyl dimethyl amino oxide and trihydroxystearin
commercially available under the tradename Thixcin (RTM) from Rheox.
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Compositions according to the present invention may also include an
opacifier or pearlescing agent. Such materials may be included at a level of
from about 0.01% to about S%, preferably from about 0.2% to about 1.3%
by weight.
Opacifiers/pearlescers suitable for inclusion in the compositions of the
present invention include: titanium dioxide, Ti02; EUPERLAN 810
(RTM); TEGO-PEARL (RTM); long chain (C 16 - C22) acyl derivatives
such as glycol or polyethylene glycol esters of fatty acid having from about
16 to about 22 carbon atoms and up to 7 ethyleneoxy units; alkanolamides
of fatty acids, having from about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms, preferably
about 16 to 18 carbon atoms such as stearic monoethanolamide, stearic
diethanolamide, stearic monoisopropanolamide and stearic
monoethanolamide and alkyl (C 16 - C22) dimethyl amine oxides such as
stearyl dimethyl amine oxide.
In preferred compositions the opacifier/pearlescer is present in the form of
crystals. In highly preferred compositions the opacifier/pearlescer is a
particulate polystyrene dispersion having a particle size of from about 0.05
microns to about 0.45 microns, preferably from about 0.17 microns to about
0.3 microns, such dispersions being preferred from the viewpoint of
providing optimum rheology and shear-thinning behaviour. Highly
preferred is styrene acrylate copolymer and OPACFIER 680 (RTM)
commercially available from Morton International.
A number of additional optional materials can be added to the cleansing
compositions each at a level of from about 0.1 % to about 2% by weight.
Such materials include proteins and polypeptides and derivatives thereof;
water-soluble or solubilizable preservatives such as DMDM Hydantoin,
Germall 115, methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl esters of hydroxybenzoic acid,
EDTA, Euxyl (RTM) K400, natural preservatives such as benzyl alcohol,
potassium sorbate and bisabalol; sodium benzoate and 2-phenoxyethanol;
other moisturizing agents such as hyaluronic acid, chitin , and starch-
grafted sodium polyacrylates such as Sanwet (RTM) IM-1000, IM-1500
and IM-2500 available from Celanese Superabsorbent Materials, Portsmith,
VA, USA and described in US-A-4,076,663; solvents ; suitable anti-
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bacterial agents such as Oxeco (phenoxy isopropanol), Trichlorocarbanilide
(TCC) and Triclosan and; low temperature phase modifiers such as
ammonium ion sources (e.g. NH4 Cl); viscosity control agents such as
magnesium sulfate and other electrolytes; colouring agents; Ti02 and
Ti02-coated mica; perfumes and perfume solubilizers; and zeolites such as
Valfour BV400 and derivatives thereof and Ca2+/Mg2+ sequestrants such
as polycarboxylates, amino polycarboxylates, polyphosphonates, amino
polyphosphonates, EDTA etc, water softening agents such as sodium citrate
and insoluble particulates such as zinc stearate and fumed silica. Water is
also present at a level preferably of from about 20% to about 99.89%,
preferably from about 40% to about 90%, more preferably at least about
75% by weight of the compositions herein.
The pH of the compositions is preferably from about 3 to about 10, more
preferably from about 5 to about 9, especially from about 5 to about 8 and
most preferably from about 5 to 7.
The compositions of the present invention can be used for a variety of skin
and hair care applications such as shower gels, body washes, hair shampoos,
and the Like.
The compositions of the present invention may be applied with the hand or
preferably with a personal cleansing implement such as a puff. Suitable
personal cleansing implements for use with the compositions of the present
invention include those disclosed in the following patent documents which
are incorporated herein by reference: US-A-5,144,744 to Campagnoli,
issued September 8,1992, US-A-3,343,196 to Barnhouse, W095/26671 to
The Procter & Gamble Company, W095/00116 to The Procter & Gamble
Company and W095/26670 to The Procter & Gamble Company.
The compositions according to the present invention are illustrated bythe
following non-limiting examples.
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I/% II/% III/ IV/% V/% VI/%
Ammonium laureth- 8.4 8.4 15 15 8.4 1 S
3 sulphate (Empicol
EAC/TP) 1
Ammonium Lauryl - - - 5 - S
Sulphate (Empicol
AL30) 1
Na 3.6 3.6 10 - 3.6 2
Lauroamphoacetate
(Empigen
CDL60P) 1
Na Lauroyl 0.5 0.5 - - 0.5 -
Sarcosinate
(Hamposyl L30)2
Thixcin R' 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5
~
Lauric Acid 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.5 - -
Polyalphaolefin 8 0 6.0 4.0 6.0 0
(Puresyn 100)4
Polyalphaolefin 0 10 0 0 0 2
Puresyn 40)4
Perfume 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.5 1.0
EDTA 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11
Sodium Benzoate 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25
DMDM Hydantoin 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13
8 8 8 8 8 8
Dobanol23' 0 0 0 0 1.5 1.5
Citric acid 0.7 0.7 1.5 0.4 0.7 0.4
Water _______________________________to
100-____________________
1. Supplied by Albright & Wilson
2. Supplied by Hampshire Chemicals
3. Supplied by Rheox, Inc.
4. Supplied by Mobil Chemical Co.
5. Supplied by Shell Chemical Co.
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Method of Manufacture
Compositions can be prepared by firstly making a premix of surfactants and
a suspending agent. This is done by combining the surfactants, portion of
the water, powder preservatives and the pH adjuster with mild agitation.
This mixture is then heated up to about 90°C during which time,
fatty
alcohol/fatty acid and the Thixcin R are added with agitation.
The mixture is held at high temperatures for five minutes to one hour before
being cooled at a controlled rate to approximately 30-40°C via a heat
exchanger causing the suspending agent to crystallize out.
To this premix the remaining water is then added followed by the water-
insoluble oil, remaining surfactant, liquid preservatives and perfume. This
part of the process is done at room temperature using mild agitation to yield
the preferred droplet size of 5 to 20 microns.
The products provide excellent rinse feel and mildness benefits together
with excellent rheological attributes in storage, in dispensing and in-use, in
combination with good efficacy benefits including skin conditioning, skin
moisturising, good product stability, cleansing and lathering.
