Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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DETERGENT POWDER COMPOSITIONS WITH GLU -AMIDE-LIKE
BLEACH ENHANCERS
The present invention relates to detergent powder compositions, particularly
those which contain a bleach component to facilitate removal of certain kinds
of stains
from fabrics.
Over the past few years, there has been an interest in incorporating
polyhydroxy
fatty acid amides into a variety of laundry products. Typically, these have
been used .
for enhancement of detergency. These materials are typically surfactant
compounds of
formula (A):
O R 1 (A)
R C-N-Z
in which R1 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl moiety of up to four carbon atoms, R~
is a
fatty-type hydrocarbyl moiety, typically having from 5 to 31 carbon atoms, and
Z is an
optionally alkoxylated polyhydroxy group, either of linear or sugar-type
configuration.
There are many patent documents relating to the use of polyhydroxy fatty acid
amides in laundry products. For example, WO-A-92 06155 describes the use of
materials of formula (A) in which Z is linear, in detergent compositions which
contain a
non-borate bleach.
GB-A-2 292 564 discloses the optional use of a polyhydroxy fatty acid amide in
a granular detergent composition comprising surfactant, bleach and builder,
wherein the
surfactant : builder ratio is 0.8 : 1 or greater. These compositions have a
low pH in
wash solution.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 28)
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The use of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides for stabilising aqueous liquid or
paste
detergent compositions is also known, for example from WO-A-93 25647. However,
the latter document also states that for use in such liquid detergent
applications, a
preferred polyhydroxy fatty acid amide is an N-acetyl glucamide. Nevertheless,
an N-
acetyl glucamide is not, chemically, a polyhydroxy fatty acid amide. It
actually
corresponds to a compound like of formula (A) but with the long-chain (R2) and
short-
chain (R') groups transposed and wherein Z is a glucose moiety.
EP-A-285 768 discloses the use as thickeners, in aqueous liquid detergent
liquids, of a genus of materials which encompasses both the polyhydroxy fatty
acid
amides and N-acetyl glucamides.
Surprisingly though, it has now been found that the N-acetyl glucamides and
certain analogous materials are beneficial in enhancing removal of bleach-
sensitive
stains when incorporated in detergent powder compositions. Thus the present
invention
now provides a detergent powder composition comprising an anionic and/or
nonionic
surfactant, a bleach and a stain-removal enhancer selected from N-{optionally
substituted) acyl-N-(CSC31) hydrocarbyl polyhydroxy amides, alkyl aldonamides,
alkyl
or alkenyl glycasuccinimides and N-(optionally substituted) aminoalkyl
polyhydroxy
fatty acid amides.
If the stain removal enhancer comprises an N-{optionally substituted) acyl-N-
(CS.C31) hydrocarbyl polyhydroxy amide, it is preferably a compound of formula
(I):-
4~0 R3 1 {I)
R C-N-Z
wherein R3 is a CS - C31 hydrocarbyl group, R4 is hydrogen or a C,.4 alkyl
group and Z'
is a mono-, di- or oligo-saccharide or a polyhydroxy alkyl group optionally
linked by a
glycoside linkage with a mono-, di- or oligo-saccharide group.
Generally speaking, materials of formula (I) are commercially available.
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An alkyl aldonamide is the alkyl derivative of the amide of an aldonic acid
(or
aldonolactone), and an aldonic acid in turn is defined as a sugar substance in
which the
pseudoaldehyde or pseudoketose group, generally found at the C1 or C2 position
on the
sugar, has been oxidized to a carboxylic acid group which upon drying cyclizes
to an
aldonolactone. Aldonamides may be based on compounds comprising one saccharide
unit (e.g. glyceramides, ribonamides, gluconamides or glucoheptonamides), two
saccharide units (e.g. lactobionamides, maltobionamides, melibionamides,
cellobioamides, gentiobionamides or D-glucopyranosyl-(1-5)-D-arabinoamides) or
they
may be based on compounds comprising more than two saccharide units (e.g.
maltotrionamides or maltohexonamides). Any carbohydrate can be used as long as
the
sugar has a pseudoaldehyde or pseudoketose group available for oxidation to a
carboxylic acid group.
If the stain removal enhancer is an alkyl aldonamide, it is preferably a
compound of formula (II)
O A1
G10CH2 CH C-N CH W1 CH W1 RS U)
OG2 n X1 m X1 m
P
is
wherein:
n = 1-6:
m = 1-6;
each Xl is independently hydrogen or a C1-C4 alkyl group;
each W' is independently amine (NH), amine salt (NHA+), ether (O), sulfur (S),
sulfur
monoxide (S)), sulfur dioxide (S02), ester (SOO or OOC), amide (NACO, CONA or
NCOA) group;
p = 0-50;
Gl and GZ independently represent a mono-, di-, oligo-, polysaccharide group,
or a
(CH2CH20)g ---H or (CH2CHCH30),: ---H group
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q = 1-50;
r = 1-50;
A' = hydrogen, a hydroxy C1-C,R alkyl group, a C1-C1R straight or branched
chain, a
saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon which may be unsubstituted or substituted
with an
aromatic, cycloaliphatic, mixed aromatic aliphatic radical or mixtures
thereof; and
R5 is a straight or branched chain, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon which
may be
unsubstituted or substituted with an aromatic, cycloaliphatic, or mixed
aromatic
aliphatic radical comprising from about 4 to about 28 carbon atoms.
Materials of formula (II) may be prepared as described in US-A-5 521 293.
If the stain remover is an alkyl- or alkenyl-glycasuccinimide, preferably it
is a
compound of formula (III):
O
W 2 CH Y Zz R6
X2 d (III)
A2
CH2)c a
O
wherein AZ is selected from the group consisting of the following structures
which are
attached to the succinate ring via the nitrogen atom on said structures:
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H-- f CHOG~ f i H2N
GOCH2 CH CHN (CHOG)~
OG
CH3
H--~ i HZ~ ~
(~C~i (GOCH)i
O OG O
(GO-CH)j >-OR
C CH2N CH
GO h OG N ( OG
k
CH2N H
(~C~i (GOCH)i
-O
C i
GO J OG
GO
H
(GO CH)i CH2N
_ _ IGOCHh O
CH CH20G
GO h OG GO
CH2N
i ~ ~i O OG
CH20G
C
i
GO j OG
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wherein each group G is independently selected from the group consisting of
hydrogen,
S03M, P03M, {CH2CHz0)~H, (CH2CHCHaO)bH, and mono-, di-, oligo- or poly-
saccharide;
M is selected from hydrogen, an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium,
alkyl
substituted ammonium and mono-, di-, tri-alkanolammonium groups having about 1
to
about 5 carbon atoms;
each W2 is independently selected from a CH2 group and an oxygen atom;
each XZ is independently selected from hydrogen and alkyl groups having about
I to
about 4 carbon atoms;
each Y is independently selected from NR', +N(R')2, O, S, SO, SOZ, COO, OOC,
CONR', and NR'CO groups;
each Z2 is independently selected from a CH=CH and a CH2CH2 group;
R6 is a straight or branched chain saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon which
may be
unsubstituted or substituted with an aromatic, cycloaliphatic or mixed
aromatic radical
having about 1 to about 31 carbon atoms;
R' is selected from hydrogen, a hydroxyl alkyl group having about 1 to about 6
carbon
atoms, and straight or branched chain, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons
which
may be unsubstituted or substituted with an aromatic, cycloaliphatic or mixed
aromatic
aliphatic radical having about 1 to about 8 carbon atoms;
R8 is selected from hydrogen and an alkyl, alkenyl or hydroxyalkyl group
having about
1 to about 6 carbon atoms;
R9 is selected from hydrogen and an alkyl, alkenyl or hydroxyalkyl group
having about
1 to about 6 carbon atoms; and
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a=0-35; b=0-35; c=1-3; d=1-5; e=0-35; f--0-8; g=1-6; h=0-2; i=0-4; j=0-3; k=0-
3; and
1=0-1.
Materials of formula (III) may be prepared as described in US-A-5 541 341.
If the stain removal enhancer is an N-(optionally substituted) aminoalkyl
polyhydroxy fatty acid amide, then preferably it is a compound of formula (I~:
4 Z3 R12
R10-C-N-R11-N-R13
wherein R'° is as hereinbefore defined for the group R3, R" is C1 or C2
alkylene, R'2
and R'3 are independently selected from hydrogen and C~.4 alkyl, and Z3 is as
hereinbefore defined for the group Z'.
Compositions of the present invention may optionally comprise more than one
stain removal enhancer selected from any of the kinds as hereinbefore defined.
Preferably, the total amount of the stain removal enhancer is from 0.1% to 10%
by
weight of the total composition, typically from 0.5 to 5% and especially from
2% to 3%
by weight of the total composition.
1 S Compositions according to the present invention also comprise a bleach.
Suitable bleaches include the halogen, particularly chlorine bleaches such as
are
provided in the form of alkalimetal hypohalites, e.g. hypochlorites. The
oxygen
bleaches are preferred, for example in the form of an inorganic persalt,
preferably with
a precursor, or else as a peroxy acid compound.
In the case of the inorganic persalt bleaches, the precursor makes the
bleaching
more effective at lower temperatures, i.e. in the range from ambient
temperature to
about 60°C, so that such bleach systems are commonly known as low-
temperature
bleach systems and are well known in the art. The inorganic persalt such as
sodium
perborate, both the monohydrate and the tetrahydrate, acts to release active
oxygen in
solution, and the precursor is usually an organic compound having one or more
reactive
acyl residues, which cause the formation of peracids, the latter providing for
a more
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effective bleaching action at lower temperatures than the peroxybleach
compound
alone.
Typical examples of the suitable persalt compounds are alkalimetal perborates,
both tetrahydrates and monohydrates, alkali metal percarbonates, persilicates
and
S perphosphates, of which sodium perborate and sodium percarbonate are
preferred.
Another preferred class of peroxygen compounds which can be incorporated to
enhance dispensing/dispersibility in water are the anhydrous perborates
described for
that purpose in the EP-A-217454.
Precursors for peroxybleaches have been amply described in the literature,
including in GB-A-836,988, GB-A-855,735, GB-A-907,356, GB-A-907,358, GB-A-
907,950, GB-A-1,003,310, and GB-A-1,246,339, US-A-3,332,882, US-A-4,128,494,
CA-A-844,481 and ZA-A-686,344.
The exact mode of action of such precursors is not known, but it is believed
that
peracids are formed by reaction of the precursors with the inorganic peroxy
compound,
which peracids then liberate active-oxygen by decomposition.
They are generally compounds which contain N-acyl or O-acyl residues in the
molecule and which exert their activating action on the peroxy compounds on
contact
with these in the washing liquor.
Typical examples of precursors within these groups are polyacylated alkylene
diamines, such as N,N,N~,N~-tetraacetylethylene diamine (TAED) and N,N,N',N'-
tetraacetylmethylene diamine (TAMD); acylated glycolurils, such as
tetraacetylgylcoluril (TAGU); triacetylcyanurate and sodium sulphophenyl ethyl
carbonic acid ester.
A particularly preferred precursor is N,N,N~,NI-tetra-acetylethylene diamine
(TAED).
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The organic peroxyacid compound bleaches are preferably those which are solid
at room temperature and most preferably should have a melting point of at
least 50°C.
Most commonly, they are the organic peroxyacids and water-soluble salts
thereof
having the general formula:
O
II
HO-O-C-R-Y
wherein R is an alkylene or substituted alkylene group containing 1 to 20
carbon atoms
or an arylene group containing from 6 to 8 carbon atoms, and Y is hydrogen,
halogen,
alkyl, aryl or any group which provides an anionic moiety in aqueous solution.
The amount of bleach may for example be from 5% to 50% by weight of the
total composition according to the present invention, for example from 10% to
30% by
weight. When the bleach comprises an inorganic persalt and a precursor, and/or
a
peracid, the amount of the persalt may for example be from 6% to 30%,
preferably
from 10% to 30%, more preferably from 15% to 25%, by weight of the total
composition.
The amount of any precursor and/or peracid is preferably from 0.5% to 10%,
more preferably from 1% to 5% by weight of the total composition. Generally
speaking though the ratio by weight of the persalt compound to the precursor
is from
about 15 : 1 to about 2 : 1, preferably from about 10 : 1 to about 3.5 : 1.
Compositions according to the present invention also comprise one or more
anionic surfactants.
Suitable anionic surfactants are usually water-soluble alkali metal salts of
organic sulphates and sulphonates having alkyl radicals containing from about
8 to 22
carbon atoms, the term alkyl being used to include the alkyl portion of higher
acyl
radicals. Examples of suitable synthetic anionic detergent compounds are
sodium and
potassium alkyl sulphates, especially those obtained by sulphating higher (Cg-
CZO)
alcohols produced, for example, from tallow or coconut oil, sodium and
potassium alkyl
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(C9-C2o) benzene sulphonates, particularly sodium linear secondary alkyl (Clo-
Cls)
benzene sulphonates; sodium alkyl glyceryl ether sulphates, especially those
ethers of
the higher alcohols derived from tallow or coconut oil and synthetic alcohols
derived
from petroleum; sodium coconut oil fatty monoglyceride sulphates and
sulphonates;
5 sodium and potassium salts of sulphuric acid esters of higher (C6-C1g) fatty
alcohol-
alkylene oxide, particularly ethylene oxide, reaction products; the reaction
products of
fatty acids such as coconut fatty acids esterified with isethionic acid and
neutralised
with sodium hydroxide; sodium and potassium salts of fatty acid amides of
methyl
taurine; alkane monosulphonates such as those derived by reacting alpha-
olefins (Cg.2o)
10 with sodium bisulphite and those derived from reacting paraffms with S02
and C12 and
then hydrolyzing with a base to produce a random sulphonate; and olefin
sulphonates,
which term is used to describe the material made by reacting olefins,
particularly Clo-
C2o alpha-olefins, with S03 and then neutralising and hydrolyzing the reaction
product.
The preferred anionic detergent compounds are sodium (C11-C,s) alkyl benzene
sulphonates and sodium (C16-C1g) alkyl sulphates.
The amount of anionic surfactant in compositions according to the present
invention is preferably no more than 30%, preferably from 1% to 20% by weight,
more
preferably from 5% to 1 S% by weight of the total composition.
Suitable nonionic surfactants include, in particular, the reaction products of
compounds having a hydrophobic group and reactive hydrogen atom, for example
aliphatic alcohols, acids, amides or alkyl phenols with alkylene oxides,
especially
ethylene oxide, either alone or with propylene oxide. Specific nonionic
detergent
compounds are alkyl (C6-C18) primary or secondary linear or branched alcohols
with
ethylene oxide, and products made by condensation of ethylene oxide with the
reaction
products of propylene oxide and ethylenediamine. Other so-called nonionic
detergent
compounds include long chain tertiary amine oxides, long chain tertiary
phosphine
oxides and dialkyl sulphoxides.
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Optionally, compositions according to the present invention may also comprise
one or more surfactants of another kind, selected from cationic, zwitterionic
and
amphoteric species, and (provided mutually compatible) mixtures thereof. For
example, they may be chosen from any of the classes, sub-classes and specific
materials
described in 'Surface Active Agents', Vol. I, by Schwartz & Perry,
(Interscience 1949)
and 'Surface Active Agents', Vol. II by Schwartz, Perry & Berch (Interscience
1958),
in the current edition of "McCutcheon's Emulsifiers & Detergents" published by
the
McCutcheon division of Manufacturing Confectioners Company or in 'Tensid-
Taschenbuch", H. Stache, 2nd Edn,., Carl Hanser Verlag, Miinchen & Wien, 1981.
The total amount of surfactant material in compositions according to the
present
invention, including the anionic surfactant, for example may be from 2% to 30%
by
weight of the total composition, for example from 5% to 25% and typically from
10%
to 25% by weight.
Optionally, compositions according to the present invention also comprise an
alkali metal soap of a long chain mono- or dicarboxylic acid for example one
having
from 12 to 18 carbon atoms. Typical acids of this kind are oleic acid,
ricinoleic acid
and fatty acids derived from castor oil, rapeseed oil, groundnut oil, coconut
oil, palm
kernel oil or mixtures thereof. The sodium or potassium soaps of these acids
can be
used. Typical amounts of soap are from 0.5% to 5% by weight of the total
composition.
It is also preferred that compositions according to the present invention
include
detergency builder material. The builder material is any capable of reducing
the level
of free calcium ions in the wash liquor and will preferably provide the
composition with
other beneficial properties such as the generation of an alkaline pH, the
suspension of
soil removed from the fabric and the dispersion of the fabric softening clay
material.
Examples of phosphorus-containing inorganic detergency builders, when
present, include the water-soluble salts, especially alkali metal
pyrophosphates,
orthophosphates, polyphosphates and phosphonates. Specific examples of
inorganic --
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phosphate builders include sodium and potassium tripolyphosphates, phosphates
and
hexametaphosphates. Phosphonate sequestrant builders may also be used.
Examples of non-phosphorus-containing inorganic detergency builders, when
present, include water-soluble alkali metal carbonates, bicarbonates,
silicates and
S crystalline and amorphous aluminosilicates. Specific examples include sodium
carbonate (with or without calcite seeds), potassium carbonate, sodium and
potassium
bicarbonates, silicates and zeolites.
Examples of organic detergency builders, when present, include the alkaline
metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium polyacetates, carboxylates,
polycarboxylates, polyacetyl carboxylates, carboxymethyloxysuccinates,
carboxymethyloxymalonates, ethylene diamine-N,N, disuccinic acid salts,
polyepoxysuccinates, oxydiacetates, triethylene tetramine hexacetic acid
salts, N-alkyl
imino diacetates or dipropionates, alpha sulpho-fatty acid salts, dipicolinic
acid salts,
oxidised polysaccharides, polyhydroxysulphonates and mixtures thereof.
Specific examples include sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium and
substituted ammonium salts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid,
nitrilitriacetic acid,
oxydissuccinic acid, melitic acid, benzene polycarboxylic acids and citric
acid, tartrate
monosuccinate and tartrate disuccinate.
The amount of detergency builder is typically from 10% to 60% by weight of
the total composition, preferably from 20% to 50% and more preferably from 30%
to
40% by weight of the total composition.
Apart from the ingredients already mentioned, a number of optional minor
ingredients may also be present in compositions according to the present
invention, for
example lather boosters such as alkanolamides, particularly the
monoethanolamides
derived from palm kernel fatty acids and coconut fatty acids, fabric softeners
such as
clays, amines and amine oxides, lather depressants, inorganic salts such as
sodium
sulphate, and, usually present in very minor amounts, fluorescent agents,
perfumes,
enzymes such as proteases, amylases and lipases, germicides and colourants.
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Compositions according to the present invention may be prepared by the
conventional spray-drying process or by mixing processes. In any event,
components
which are sensitive to any such process may be post-dosed if necessary.
The invention will now be illustrated by way of the following examples. In all
S examples, unless stated to the contrary, all percentages are by weight.
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EXAMPLES
TABLE 1
BASE FORMULATIONS
Na PAS (1) 9.30 -
Na LAS (2) - 5.88
Nonionic 7 EO (3) 5.95 3.91
Nonionic 3 EO (4) 3.97 2.94
Soap 1.54 0.56
Zeolite A24 31.27 -
STP - 22.29
Na Citrate 2aq 5.19 -
Na-carbonate (light) 1.85 -
Na-disilicate - 5-88
Sokalan CPS (9) - 1.06
Fluorescer (S) 0.05 0.08
SCMC (6) 0.88 0.21
Sokalan HP22 (7) - 0.21
Remainder ( 11 ) 5.34 8.78
Sub total base powder 65.33 51.88
The following ingredients have been added (over the side) to the product:
EAG fluorescer adjunct4.00 0.8
(8)
Na carbonate - 9.15
Na bicarbonate 1.00
Na percarbonate 20.50
Na perborate 4aq - 18.73
TAED granules 6.50 2.06
bequest 2047 0.45 -
EDDS (12) - various
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(1) C12-C~4 primary alkyl sulphate sodium salt, anionic surfactant.
(2) C~1-C,3 alkyl benzene sulphonate sodium salt, anionic surfactant.
(3) C~2-C15 fatty alcohol ethoxylated with an average of seven ethylenoxide
groups
5 per molecule, nonionic surfactant.
(4) C12- Cis fatty alcohol ethoxylated with an average of three ethyleneoxide
groups
per
molecule,
nonionic
surfactant.
(5) Tinopal CBS-X optical brightener
ex Ciba
(6) Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
10 Soil-release polymer ex BASF.
(7)
(8) Silicone antifoam.
(9) Soil-release polymer ex BASF.
(10) Sequestering agent ex Monsanto.
(11) Moisture, salts and undefined
organics.
15 Ethylene diamino disuccinate.
(12)
To each of base formulations A and B as ( 100%), was added on additional 2.5%
by weight of a single stain removal enhancer. This was done for each of the
following
stain removal enhancers, respectively:-
Ex_ am~l_e Stain Removal Enhancer
1. C12/C14 dimethylaminopropyl glucamide
2. Undecanoyl 4-hydroxy glucamide
3. C 12/C 14 N-methyl glucamide
4. Hexadecanoyl N-methyl glucamide
5. Coconut N-methyl glucamide
6. N-acetyl-N-dodecyl-1-amino-1-deoxy-D-glucitol
7. N-acetyl-N-tetradecyl-1-am ino-1-deoxy-D-glucitol
8. N-acetyl-N-hexadecyl-1-amino-1-deoxy-D-glucitol
9. N-propionyl-N-dodecyl-1-amino-1-deoxy-D-glucitol
10. N-propionyl-N-tetradecyl-1-amino-1-deoxy-D-glucitol
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11. N-propionyl-N-hexadecyl-1-amino-1-deoxy-D-glucitol
12. Coconut aminopropyl D-gluconamide
13. Oleyl aminoprapyl D-gluconamide
14. C8/C10 oxypropyl D-gluconamide
15. Dodecyl oxypropyl D-gluconamide
16. Dodecyl N-methyl glucosylamide
17. Dodecyl lactobionamide
18. Coconut lactobionamide
19. Oleyl lactobionamide
20. Tallow (hardened) lactobionamide
21. Dodecyl oxypropyl D-lactobionamide
22. Hexadecyl maltobionamide
23. Coconut maltobionamide
24. Dodecyl oxazolidine acetamide
25. Tetradecyl oxazolidine acetamide
26. Tetradecenyl N-methyl D-glucosuccinamide
27. Decyl D-glucosuccinimide
28. Dodecenyl D-glucosuccinimide
29. Dodecenyl D-glucosuccinimide
30. Tetradecenyl D-glucosuccinimide
The products were used in a concentration of 5 g/l, in a wash of 30 minutes at
40°C in a 3L beakerglass equipped with heater element and magnetic
stirrer. The water
was artificially hardened water of 30.4°FH (Ca : Mg - 4 : 1 ) with
extra transition metals
to imitate practical wash conditions. To ease the dissolution of the sugar-
amino
compounds some LES was added. This does not influence the bleach results on BC-
1
test cloth.
In the case of product A the added metals were 2 ppm Fe and 2.3 ppm Zn. The
bleach results on BC1 bleach test cloth ex CFT reflectance values (0R) were:
__
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Without addition of stain removal OR 460 = 8.0
enhancer
With 2.01% of the enhancer of DR 460 = 9.9,10.4
Example 6
In the case of product B the same metals were added as for A, but extra 1.1
ppm
Cu and 0.12 ppm Mn. The formulations washed contained EDDS as stabiliser at 3
levels, respectively 0.20, 0.40 and 1.19% on the weight of the formulation.
The
experiments were performed with and without 3% of the stain removal enhancer
of
Example 1. The bleach results were:
Without glucamideWith C12/C14 glucamide
0.20% EDDS OR 460 = 6.5 DR 460 = 8.3
0.40% EDDS DR 460 = 6.9 0R 460 = 9.2
1.19% EDDS DR 460 = 6.5 OR 460 = 9.0
In the light of this disclosure, modifications of the described examples, as
well
as other examples, all within the scope of the present invention as defined by
the
appended claims will now become apparent to persons skilled in the art.
