Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
CA 02324239 2000-11-10
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METHOD, SYSTEM AND APPARATUS FOR
TELECOMMBNICATIONB CONTROL
BACKGROUND
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to telecommunications and more
specifically to communications control processing in
telecommunications signaling.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Telecommunications systems establish a communications
path between two or more points to allow the transfer of
information between the points. The communications path
typically comprises a series of connections between network
elements. The network elements are typically switches.
Switches provide the primary means where different connec-
tions are associated to form the communications path.
Communication control is the process of setting up a
communications path between the points. Communication
control comprises the selection of network elements such as
switches or other devices which will form part of the
communications path. Communication control also comprises
the selection of the connections between the network
elements. Together, the network elements and connections
which are selected make up the communications path.
Typically, a plurality of different network element and
connection selections may be possible for any one communi-
cations path between points.
Switches control these selections. Switches select
the connections that comprise the communications path.
Switches also select the network elements which form an
actual part of that communications path. By selecting
these network elements, a switch is often selecting the
next switch .that will make further selections. Switches
accomplish communication control.
The correspondence between communication control and
a communications path is well known in the art. A common
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method used in communication control is signaling among
switches. One method by which a first point requests a
communications path to a second point is by signaling a
first switch with an off-hook signal followed by dual tone
multifrequency (DTMF) signals. The first switch will
typically process those signals and will select other
network elements such as a second switch. The first switch
signals the second switch and establishes a connection
between the switches. The second switch then selects the
l0 next network element, signals that network element, and
establishes a connection to that network element. This
process is well known in the art_ The connections and
signaling thus proceed from switch to switch through the
network until a communications path is established between
the first and second points.
Some networks transmit signaling information from the
switches to other signaling devices. In these cases, the
switches typically must be modified through the use of
Signaling Point (SP) hardware and software in order to
convert the language of the switch into the language used
by these other signaling devices. One signaling device is
a Service Control Point (SCP). An SCP processes signaling
queries from a switch. An SCP only answers a switch query
after the switch has become a part of the communications
path. SCPs support the communication control which is
directed by the switch.
Additionally, signaling may pass through other signal-
ing devices, such as Signal Transfer Points (STPs), which
route the signaling. An STP is typically a high-speed
packet data switch which reads portions of the sigrialing
information and either discards or routes the information
to a network element. The signal routing operation of the
STP is based on the signaling information that is specified
by the switch. ..STPs route signaling information, but STPs
do not modify or otherwise process the signaling informa-
tion. An example of the above described system is Signal-
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ing System #~ (SS7) technology. Thus, signaling devices
only are used to support switches in communication control.
Broadband systems, such as Asynchronous Transfer Mode
(ATM) may use extensions of existing SS7 signaling to allow
ATM switches to direct communication control. However,
broadband systems may~also utilize different communication
control methods. ATM switches may transfer ATM cells which
contain signaling to other ATM switches. As with the other
switch types however, ATM switches also perform the dual
task of communication control and forming a part of the
communications path.
Some switches use API switching Which employs remote
central processing units (CPUs). These switches only
receive switch information from the remote CPUs and not
signaling. The protocols used for information transfer
between the switch and the remote CPU are proprietary among
vendors and are incompatible between the switches of
different vendors.
Some digital cross-connect (DCS) equipment employ
centralized control systems. These systems, however, only
provide relatively static switching fabrics and do not
respond to signaling. Instead of establishing connections
in response to signaling, DCS cross-connections are estab
lished in response to network configuration needs. Network
elements and connections are pre-programmed into the
network and are not selected in response to signaling from
a point outside of the network.
At present, while communication control and the
communications path are distinct from one another, both are
dependent on the switch. The performance of both of these
' tasks by switches places limitations on a telecommunica-
tions network. One such limitation can be illustrated by
one difficulty encountered in combining narrowband networks
and broadband networks. Broadband networks are advanta-
genus for data transmission because virtual permanent
connections can be mapped through a network and bandwidth
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allocated on demand. Narrowband switches are advantageous
for voice, in part, due to the many features which have
been developed in conjunction with these switches. These
features benefit both the user and the network through
added efficiency and quality. Examples are "800"
platforms, billing systems, and routing systems. However
for broadband networks, the development of these features
is incomplete and does rot provide the functionality of
current narrowband features. Unfortunately, narrowband
switches do not have the capacity, speed, and multimedia
capabilities of broadband switches. The resulting
- combination is separate overlay networks. Typically,
narrowband traffic remains within the narrowband network,
and broadband traffic remains within the broadband network.
i5 Any intelligent interface between the two networks
would require that signaling infarmatian be transmitted
between narrowband switches and broadband switches. At
present, the ability of these switches to signal each other
is limited. These switch limitations create a major
obstacle in any attempt to interface the two networks. It
would be advantageous if narrowband and broadband networks
could interwork through an intelligent interface to estab
lisp a communications path between points. At present, the
interface between narrowband and broadband networks remains
a rigid access pipe between overlay systems.
The reliance on switches to both perform communication
control and to farm a part of the communications path
results in impediments to developing improved networks.
Each time a new network element, such as a broadband
switch, is introduced, a telecommunications network may be
forced to delay integrating the network element into its
network until standardization of signaling and interface
protocols are developed for the switches. At present,
there is a need far a portion of the communication control
processing to be independent of the switches that form a
part of the communications path.
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SUMMARY
An embodiment of the present invention solves this
need by providing a method, system, and apparatus for
communication control processing that is located externally
to the switches that make the connections. The method
includes receiving a first signal into a processor which is
located externally to the switches in a network comprised
of network elements. The processor selects a network
characteristic in response to the first signal. The
to processor then generates a second signal reflecting the
network characteristic and transmits the second signal to
at least one network element. This transmission occurs
before that network element has applied the first signal.
Examples of network characteristics are network elements
and connections, but there are others. Examples of signal-
ing are Signaling System ~7 or broadband signaling. The
processor may also employ information received from the
network elements or operational control when making selec-
tions. In one embodiment, the method includes receiving
2o the first signal into a network from a point and routing
the first signal to the processor.
The present invention also includes a telecommunica-
tions processing system which comprises an interface that
is external to the switches and is operational to receive
and transmit signaling. The processing system also in-
cludes a translator that is coupled to the interface and is
operational to identify particular information in the
received signaling and to generate new signaling based on
new information. The processor also includes a processor
that is coupled to the translator and is operational to
process the identified information from the translator in
order to select at least one network characteristic. The
processor provides new information to the translator
ref lecting the'selection. The identified information is
used in the processor before it is used in. the particular
network elements that receive the new signaling.
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The present invention also includes a telecommunica-
tions network comprised of a plurality of network elements '
wherein at least one network element is a switch, and a
plurality of connections between the network elements. The
network also includes a processor located externally to the
switches which is operable to receive a first signal, to
select at least one network characteristic in response to
the first signal, and to generate a second signal reflect-
ing the selection. The network also includes a plurality
of links between the processor and the network elements
which are operable to transmit the second signal to at
least one network element before that network element has
applied the first signal.
The present invention also includes a telecommunica-
tions sianalina system for use in conjunction with a
plurality of telecommunication switches. This system
comprises a plurality of signaling points and a signaling
processor. The signaling processor is linked to the
signaling points and resides externally to the switches.
The signaling processor is operational to process signaling
and to generate new signaling information based on the
processing. The new signaling is transmitted over the
links to multiple signaling points. In one embodiment, the
new signaling information is comprised of different signal-
ing messages and the different signaling messages are
transmitted to different signaling points.
In another embodiment, a plurality of the signaling
points each reside in a different switch and are directly
coupled to a processor in the switch that directs a switch-
ing matrix in the switch in response to signaling processed
by the signaling point. The signaling processor is opera-
tional to direct the switching matrixes of multiple switch-
es by signaling multiple signaling points. The signaling
processor is also operational to signal multiple points in
response to signaling from a single source, and to signal
a point in response to signaling from multiple sources.
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BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
- These and other features, aspects, and advantages of
the present invention will become better understood with
- regard to the following description, claims, and drawings
where:
Figure 1 is a block diagram of a version of the invention.
Figure 2 is a block diagram of a version of the invention.
Figure 3 is a block diagram of a version of the invention.
Figure 4 is a logic diagram of a version of the invention.
Figure 5 is a flow diagram of a version of the invention.
Figure 6 is a flow diagram of a version of the invention.
Figure 7 is a flow diagram of a version of the invention.
Figure 8 is a flow diagram of a version of the invention.
DESCRIPTION
Telecommunications systems establish communications
paths between points which allow the points to transfer
information, such as voice and data, over the communication
paths. Typically, telecommunications systems are comprised
of network elements and connections. A network element is
a telecommunications device such as a switch, server,
service control point, service data point, enhanced plat-
form, intelligent peripheral, service node, adjunct proces-
sor, network element of a different network, enhanced
ZS system or other. network related device, server, center or
system.
A connection is the media between two network elements
that allows the transfer of information. A few examples of
connections are: digital T1 lines, OC-3 optical fibers,
packet connections, dedicated access lines, microwave
transmission, and cellular radio. As those skilled in the
art are aware, connections can be described in a range from
general to specific. All of the media between two switches
is a general description and might correspond to a virtual
path in an ATM system or a trunk groups in a T1 system. An
individual circuit between two elements is more specific
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and might correspond to a virtual channel in an ATM system
or a DSO circuit in a T1 system. Connections can also be
described as being logical or physical. Physical connec-
tions are electrical-mechanical media. Logical connections
are paths which follow physical connections, but are
differentiated from one another based on format and proto
col. The term "connection" includes this entire range and
the meaning varies according to the context in which the
term is used. The present invention could make selections
encompassing the entire range of connections.
A communications path is the combination of connec-
tions and network elements that physically transfers the
information between points. A communication path may be
point. to paint, point to multi-point, or mufti-point to
mufti-point. These points, in turn, define the ends of the
communications path. Thus, a connection may also be made
between a network element and a point outside the network.
Signaling is the transfer of information among points
and network elements and is used to establish communica
tions paths. An example is Signaling System # 7 (SS7).
Signaling is typically transmitted over links, such as 56
kilobit lines. On the block diagrams, signaling is repre-
sented by dashed lines and connections are represented by
solid lines.
In Figure 1, Telecommunications System 110 comprises
a communication control processor (CCP) 120 and first,
second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth network elements,
131, 132, 133, 134, 135 and 136 respectively. First and
second network elements, 131 and 132 respectively, are
connected by first connection 141. First and third network
elements, 131 and 133 are connected by ,both second and
third connections, 142 and 143 respectively. First and
fifth network .elements, 131 and 135 respectively, are
connected by! fourth connection 144. Second and fourth
network elements, 132 and 134 are connected by fifth
connection 145. The third network element 133 is connected
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to fourth and sixth network elements, 134 and 136 by sixth
and seventh connections, 146 and 147 respectively. Fourth
and fifth network elements, 134 and 135 are connected by
connection 148. A first point 170, which is located
outside of the system 110, is connected to first element
131 by first point connection 171, and a second point 172
. which is also located outside the system 110 is connected
to fourth element 134 by second point connection 173.
First and second points, 170 and 172 respectively and
first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth elements 131,
132, 133, 134, 135, and 136 respectively each are linked to
CCP 120 by first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth,
seventh, and eighth links, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196,
197 and 198 respectively. As those skilled in the art
are aware, a system is typically comprised of many more
network elements, links, connections and points, but the
number is restricted for clarity. Points outside of the
network can take many forms, such as customer premises
equipment (CPE), telephones, computers, or switches of a
separate network system. In addition the system 110, may
take many forms such as international gateways, satellite
networks, wireless networks, local exchange carriers
(LECs), inter-exchange carriers (IXCs), transit networks,
national networks, personal communicator systems (PCS),
virtual private networks, or connection oriented networks
such as local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area
networks (MANS), wide area networks (WANs) to name some
examples. In operation Telecommunications System 110
is able to accept information from first point 170 and
second point 172 and transmit the information over the
various network elements and connections which form the
communications path. System 110 is also capable of ex-
changing signaling with first point 170 and second point
I72 over the first link 191 and second link 192.
on a standard call that establishes a communications
path from first point 170 to second point 172, first point
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170 will signal Telecommunications System 110 that it
requests the communications path. This signaling is
directed to CCP 120 over first link 191. CCP 120 processes
the signaling and selects at least one network characteris-
tic in response to the signaling. Network characteristics
might be network elements, connections, network codes,
applications, or control instructions to name a few exam-
ples. The selected network characteristic typically
comprises one of a plurality of network elements and/or
connections. The CCP 120 generates signaling which is
preferably new signaling reflecting the selection. CCP 120
then transmits the signal to at least one of a plurality of
network elements before that network element has applied
the signal.
In one embodiment, CCP 120 selects the network ele-
ments and the connections that comprise the communications
path. However, first point 170 will typically seize first
point connection 171 contemporaneously with signaling.
This initial connection could also be selected by CCP 120
from the available possibilities after the signaling by
first point 170. Assuming first point 170 has seized first
point connection 171 to first element 131, CCP 120 selects
one, a plurality, or all of the remaining network elements
and connections to further establish a communications path
to second point 172.
CCP 120 determines which element should be connected
to ffirst element 131. CCP 120 could select either second
element 132 or third element 133. If third element I33 is
selected, CCP 120 may also select the connection to third
element 133 from among second and third connections, 142
and 143 respectively. If third connection 143 is selected,
CCP 12o will signal first element 131 over third link 193
to further the communications. path to third element 133
over third connection 143.
CCP I20 may then make further selections to complete
the communications path. As the possibilities have been
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limited for clarity, CCP 120 would make the selections and
signal the elements as follows. CCP 120 would signal third
element 133 over fifth link 195 to further the communica-
tions path to fourth element 134 over sixth connection 146.
CCP 120 would signal fourth element 134 over sixth link 196
to further the communications path to second point 172 over
second point connection 173. CCP 120 would also signal
second point 172 over second link 192 of the communications
path available through second point connection 173. In
this way, the communications path requested by first point
170 is selected by CCP 120 and signaled to the elements.
Throughout this process, CCP 120 may receive status mes-
sages and signaling from the elements to support its
processing. This status messaging may be transmitted and
received over links, connections, or other communication
means.
In another embodiment, CCP 120 may select only the
network elements and not the connections. The elements
would select the connections to use based on the network
element selected by CCP 120. For this embodiment, 'the main
difference from the above example is that CCP 120 would
instruct first element 131 to further the communications
path to third element 133, but first element 131 would
select the actual connection used from among second and
third connections, 142 and 143, respectively. First
element 131 may signal CCP 120 over third link 193 of its
selection so that CCP 120 may signal third element 133 of
the connection over fifth link 195. In this embodiment,
CCP 120 would specify the network elements to the elements,
which in turn, would select the connections between those
network elements.
There are situations in which the selection of a
network element and the selection of a connection signify
the same thing.. On Figure 1 for example, instructing first
element 131 to use first connection 141 is. synonymous with
an instruction to connect to second element 132. This is
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because the connection inevitably connects to the element.
The selection of a connection may effectively select a
network element, and the selection of a network element may
effectively select a connection (or a group of specific
connections) to that network element.
one skilled in the art will recognize that the selec-
tion process can be distributed among the CCP and the
elements. The CCP might select all the network elements,
a portion of the network elements, or none of the network.
elements leaving the switches to select the remainder. The
CCP might select all of the connections, a portion of the
-. connections, or none of the connections, again leaving the
elements to select the remainder. The CCP may select
combinations of the above options, but the CCP will always
select at least one network characteristic.
In another embodiment, first point 170 may want to
access other network elements such as servers, platforms or
operator centers. For example, such elements could be
located at either fifth or sixth network elements 135, and
136 respectively. CCP 120 will receive signaling from
first point 170 over first link 191 indicating this re-
quest, and first point 170 will typically seize first point
connection 171 to first element 131. Again CCP 120 will
select network elements. If sixth element 136 is selected,
CCP 120 could select a communications path from first
element 131 through either second element 132 to fourth
elemewt 134 and them to third element 133, or through a
direct connection from first element 131 to third element
133. If CCP 120 selects the latter, it would signal first
element 131 to further the communications path to third
element 133, and it would signal third element 133 to
further the communications path to sixth element 136. As
discussed in the above embodiments, CCP 120 may also select
the connections, or the elements may. be left with that
task.
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As is known in the art, in-band signaling is typically
used in many user to network connections, such as the local
loop. This is because only one connection or link is
typically provided to the user premises and thus, the
signaling must be placed on the actual communications path.
The initial network switch typically removes the signaling
from the communications path and transfers it to an out-of-
band signaling system. The current invention is fully
operational in this context. Although the switch may
IO receive the signaling initially, it will only route the
signaling to the CCP far processing_ Even if in-band
signaling is used within the network, the switches could
remove signaling from the communications path and route it
to the CCP for processing in accord with the present
invention.
Thus, preferably the CCP processes signaling before it
is applied or processed by the s~ritch such as to select
connections or generate queries. Preferably, no or minimal
changes are made to the signaling prior to the signaling
being received by the CCP so that the CCP receives the
signaling in the same format as a switch would receive the
signaling. The CCP may also process the signaling in that
format. The switches make their selections based on the
CCP selections, thus the. switch selections clearly occur
after the CCP has processed the signaling. As such, the
switch may route signaling to the CCP, but the switch does
not apply the signaling. Some examples of a switch apply-
ing the signaling would be selecting network elements or
triggering aad generating gueries for remote devices.
In one of the above embodiments, the switches did not
select the network elements and connections, initiate the
signaling, or otherwise control the communication. The
switches only followed the instructions of the CCP and
actually made the connections that furthered the
communications path. In one embodiment, the switches were
allowed to select the actual connections used, but even
these -
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selections were based on CCP selections.
As illustrated above, the CCP allows a telecommunica-
tions network to separate communication control from the
communications path. In prior systems, the switches would
select the network elements and the connections, as well
as, actually providing a part of the actual connection. As
a result, prior systems are restricted to the communication
control capabilities provided by the switches. Prior
systems have used remote devices, such as an SCP, to
support switch control, but the remote device only answered
queries in response to the switches processing of the
signal. These remote devices do not process the signaling
before the switch had already applied the signaling. By
using, the CCP, telecommunications systems can control
communications independently of the capability of the
switches to accomplish both tasks.
Figure 2 shows a block diagram of another embodiment
of the present invention. CCP 250 and network 210 are
shown. CCP 250 is a communications control processor. CCP
250 could be integrated into network 210, but need not be
and is shown separately for clarity. Network 210 could be
any type of telecommunications network that operates using
network elements, signaling, and connections. Examples
would be LECs, IXCs, LANs, MANS, WANs, and Cellular Net-
works, but there are others. Additionally, network 210
could be narrowband, broadband, packet-based, or a hybrid.
Network 210 is capable of providing communications paths
between points both inside and outside of network 210. CCP
250 and network 210 are linked by link 214 and are able to
signal each other in order to establish these paths.
Additionally, user 220 and user 230 are shown and are
also capable of signaling. Examples of users 220 and 230
might be telephones, computers, or even switches in another
telecommunications network. Users 220 and 230 are con-
nected to network 210 by connections 222. and 232 respec-
tively. Users 220 and 230 are linked to CCP 250 by links
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224 and 234 respectively. Signaling may be transmitted
over links 224 and 234. If in-band signaling is employed
on connections 222 and 232, network 210 would separate at
least a portion of the signaling out-of-band and transmit
it to CCP 250 over link 214.
Also shown are various network elements. As with CCP
250, these elements could also be integrated into network
210, but are shown separately for clarity. These network
elements are: networks 260, operator centers 262, enhanced
platforms 264, video servers 266, voice servers 268, and
adjunct processors 270. This is not an exclusive list.
Those skilled in the art will recognize these network
elements and their functions, as well as the many other
types of telecommunications devices, such as billing
servers, that are applicable in this situation.
Each network element is connected to network 210 by
connection 212. Connection 212 represents several actual
connections between the network elements (260-270) and
different elements in network 210. One bus-type connection
is shown for purposes of clarity, but those skilled in the
art are familiar with many actual types of connections to
use. Additionally link 256 is shown from CCP 250 to the
network elements (260-270). Link 256 is similarly repre-
sented as a bus-type link for clarity, and multiple links
are actually used, although some network elements may not
even require links. Link 214 has been simplified for
clarity in the same fashion.
In one embodiment, user 220 may desire to establish a
communications path to user 230. CCP 250 would make the
3o appropriate selections and signal the network elements in
network 210 as discussed with regard to the embodiments of
Figure 1. As a result, a communications path would be
established from user 220 to user 230 through network 210
and connections 222 and 232.
In another embodiment, user 220 may desire to access
one of the various network elements (260-270). User 220
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will typically seize connection 222 to network 210 and
generate signaling. Both in-band signaling on connection
222 and out-of-band signaling on link 224 would be directed
to CCP 250. Hy processing the signaling, CCP 250 can
select any of the network elements (260-270) and control
the communications through network 210 and connection 212
to the network elements (260-270).
For example, should user 220 desire to connect to a
video server and another network, user 220 would signal the
request. The signaling would be directed to CCP 250 over
link 224, or over connection 222 and link 214 as discussed
above. CCP 250 would process the signaling and make the
appropriate selections. CCP 250 would signal network 210
and video servers 266 of its selections. As a result, a
communications path would be set-up from user 220 to video
servers 266.
Additionally, CCP 250 would control communications to
the other network which is represented by networks 260.
Networks 260 could be any other form of telecommunications
network -- either public or private. CCP 250 would make
the appropriate selections to further the communications
path over connection 212 and network 210 to networks 260.
Dpon signaling from CCP 250, the connections comprising the
communications path would be made. Networks 260 would also
be signalled by CCP 250 over link 256. As such a communi-
cation path is set up from user 230 to video servers 266
and on to networks 260.
There may also be several devices represented by
particular network element shown on Figure 2. CCP 250
could also select the particular device to access. For
example, take the situation in which voice servers 268
represents 20 individual voice server devices split among
three different locations. On each call, CCP 250 could
select the actual voice server device which should be used
on that call and control the communications through network
210 and connection 212 to the selected device. Alterna-
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tively, CCP 250 may only be required to select group of
devices, for instance at a particular location, instead of
the actual device.
' As is known, large telecommunication networks are
comprised of numerous network elements, connections, and
links. The present invention is suitable for use in this
context. Figure 3 shows a version of the present invention
in the context of a large network. Typically, this network
would be comprised of several broadband switches, narrow
band switches, muxes, signal transfer points (STPs ,
Service Control Points (SCPs), operator centers, video
servers, voice servers, adjunct processors, enhanced
services platforms, connections, and links. For purposes
of clarity, only a few of these possibilities are shown on
Figure 3. For the same reason, connections and links are
not numbered.
Figure 3 shows Telecommunications Network 310 which is
comprised of STP 340, STP 345, CCP 350, SCP 355, broadband
switches 360, 362, 364, and 366, interworking units 361 and
365, narrowband switches 370 and 375, and muxes 380, 382,
384, and 386. Aside from CCP 350, these elements of a
large network are familiar to one skilled in the art and
examples of the of these network elements are as follows:
STP -- DSC Communications Megahub; SCP -- Tandem CLX;
broadband switch -- Fore Systems ASX-1o0; narrowband switch
-- Northern Telecom DMS-250; and mux -- Digital Link
PremisWay with CBR module.
In at least one embodiment, the broadband switches are
equipped with signaling interworking units. These units
translate SS7 messages into B-ISDN messages. In that
event, the CCP could transmit SS7 to the broadband switches
which could convert the signals properly. Interworking is
discussed in ITU-TS Recommendation Q.2660, "B-ISDN, B-ISUP
to N-ISUP Interworking". '
When user information passes from a broadband network
to a narrowband network, it typically must pass through a
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mux. Muxes can convert transmitted information back and
forth between narrowband and broadband formats. In at
least one embodiment, each broadband connection on one side
of a mux corresponds to a narrowband connection on the
other side of the mux. In this way, the CCP can track
connections through the mux. If the communication path is
on a given narrowband connection entering the mux, it will
exit the mux on its corresponding broadband connection.
This correspondence allows the CCP to identify connections
on each side of the mux based on the entry connection.
Muxes are typically placed at any interface between narrow
band and broadband connections.
As long as the connections correspond through the mux,
the CCP can track the communication path properly. Alter
natively, the connections may not correspond. In that
case, signaling links between the muxes and the CCP would
be required for the devices to communicate and allow the
CCP to track the communication path.
Additionally, Telecommunications Network 310 includes
the connections and links which are not numbered. These
connections and links are familiar to those skilled in the
art. Some examples of possible connections are switched
digital lines, satellite links, microwave links, cellular
links, and dedicated digital lines, but there are others.
The signaling links are typically data links, such as 56
kilobit lines. The signaling may employ SS7, Broadband,
C6, C7, CCIS, Q.933, Q.931, T1.607, Q.2931, H-ISUP or other
forms of signaling technology. The present invention is
fully operational with the many variations which are well
known in the art. Additionally, it is also known that a
direct link between two devices can be used instead of an
STP for signal routing.
outside of Telecommunications Network 310 are first
point 320, second point 330, LEC switch 325, LEC switch
335, LEC~STP 328, and LEC STP 338. These devices are shown
along with their links and connections. First point 320 is
CA 02324239 2000-11-10
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connected to LEC switch 325. LEC switch 325 is linked to
LEC STP 328 which routes signaling from LEC switch 325.
LEC switch 325 is also connected to mux 380 of Telecommuni
cations Network 310. LEC STP 228 is linked to STP 340 of
Telecommunications Network 310.
STP 340 is linked to STP 345. The other links are as
follows. STPs 340 and 345 are linked to CCP 350. CCP 350
is linked to interworking units 361 and 365 of broadband
switches 360 and 364 respectively. CCP 350 is linked to
broadband switches 362 and 366, and narrowband switch 375.
STP 345 is linked to narrowband switch 370 and SCP 355.
STP 345 is also linked to LEC STP 338 which is linked to
LEC switch 335.
Mux 380 is connected to broadband switch 360. Broad
band switch 360 is connected to broadband switches 362 and
364. Broadband switch 362 is connected to mux 384 which is
connected to narrowband switch 375. Broadband switch 364
is connected to mux 382 which is connected to narrowband
switch 370. Broadband switches 362 and 364 are both
connected to broadband switch 366. Broadband switch 366 is
connected to mux 386 which is connected to LEC switch 335.
LEC switch 335 is connected to second point 330.
When a call is placed from first point 320 that
requires the use of Telecommunications Network 310, LEC
switch 325 will typically seize a connection to Telecommu
nications Network 310 and generate a signal containing call
information. At present, this signal is in SS7 format and
the seized connection is a DSO port. The signal is trans-
mitted to LEC STP 328 which transfers it on to STP 340.
LEC switch 325 also extends the communication path over the
seized connection. These LEC components and the process of
establishing communication paths between a point, a LEC,
and an IXC are familiar to those skilled in the art.
Telecommunications Network 310 accepts the communica-
tion path on1'the narrowband side of mux 380. The present
invention can also accept broadband calls that do not
CA 02324239 2000-11-10
-2 0-
require a mux, but typically, calls from a LEC will be
narrowband. Mux 380 converts the call to broadband and
places it on the broadband connection that corresponds to
the seized connection. The communication path extends to
broadband switch 360 through mux 380.
STP 340 transfers the signal from LEC STP 328 to STP
345 which, in turn, routes the signal to CCP 350. Also,
CCP 350 accepts status messages from the broadband and
narrowband switches over standard communications lines, and
l0 may query SCP 355 for information. Any suitable database
or processor could be used to support CCP 350 queries. CCP
350 uses this information and its own programmed instruc
tions to make communication control selections. For calls
that require narrowband switch treatment, CCP 350 will
select the narrowband switch.
Preferably, CCP 350 can select any narrowband switch
in Telecommunications Network 310. For example, it may
extend the communication path through the broadband network
to a narrowband switch across the network for processing,
or it may extend the communication path to a narrowband
switch connected to the broadband switch that originally
accepts the communication path. Additionally, no narrow
band switch may be required at all. For clarity, all of
the switches representing these possibilities are not shown
on Figure 3.
CCP 350 will select at least one network characteris-
tic in response to the signaling. Typically, this will be
the network elements or connections that will make the
communication path. As discussed with regard to the above
embodiments, CCP 350 may select only the network elements
and allow the switches to select the connections, or the
selections can be distributed among the two. For example,
CCP 350 may only select some of the network elements and
connections ,and..allow the switches to select some of the
network elements and connections. CCP 350 might only
select the narrowband switches and allow the broadband
CA 02324239 2000-11-10
-21-
switches to select the broadband switches that will make
the communication path. CCP 350 can also select other
network characteristics, such as applications and control
instructions.
In one embodiment, CCP 350 will select the narrowband
switches to process particular calls and the DSO ports on
those switches which will accept these calls. The broad-
band switches will select the broadband switches and the
broadband connections to the DSO port. Restricted to the
possibilities depicted on Figure 3, CCP 350 may select
either narrowband switch 370 or narrowband switch 375 to
process the call. Assuming CCP 350 selects narrowband
switch 370, it would also select a DSO port on narrowband
switch 370 to accept the connection. CCP 350 would then
signal broadband switch 360 through interworking unit 361
to further the communications path to the selected DSO port
on narrowband switch 370.
Of the possible routes, broadband switch 360 would be
left to select the other broadband switches and connections
to use. Assuming the route directly to broadband switch
364 is selected, broadband switch 360 would further the
communications path to that switch. Broadband switch 36D
would also signal broadband switch 364 of the communication
path. Broadband switch 364 would further the communication
path to through mux 382 to access the specified DSO port on
narrowband switch 370. This is accomplished by correspond-
ing the connections through the mux as discussed above.
CCP 350 will signal narrowband switch 370 of the
incoming communication path. This signal is routed by STP
345. Narrowband switch 37o will process the call an the
specified DSO port. Typically, this would include billing
and routing the call. Narrowband switch 370 may also query
SCP 355 to aid in application of services to the call. For
example, narrowband switch 370 may retrieve an "800"
translation from SCP 355. As a result of the processing,
narrowband switch 370 will switch the call and generate a
CA 02324239 2000-11-10
-22-
new signal which may include routing information. The
signal is sent to CCP 350 through STP 345. The communica-
tion path is furthered on a new connection back to broad-
band switch 364 through mux 382. CCP 350 may use the
information in the signal, SCP information, network element
information, operational instructions, and/or its own
routing logic to make new selections for the call. The
network element information and operational instructions
could be signalled to CCP 350 or delivered aver standard
data lines.
In one embodiment, the selection of a network charac-
teristic will include the selection of a network code.
Network codes are the logical addresses of network ele-
ments. one such code is a destination code that facili-
tates egress from Telecommunications System 310. The
destination code typically represents a network element
that is connected to a LEC switch. Once a destination is
selected, CCP 350 will signal broadband switch 364 of its
selections and the communication path will be furthered
through the broadband network accordingly. In the current
example this could be through broadband switch 366 and mux
386. The communication path would be furthered to the
specified port on LEC switch 335. Typically, this involves
the seizure of a connection on the LEC switch by the IXC.
In one embodiment, whenever broadband switch 366
extends a communication path to mux 386, it is programmed
to signal CCP 350 of the broadband connection it has
selected. This allows CCP 350 to track the specific DSO
port on the LEC switch that has been seized. CCP 350 would
signal LEC switch 335 through STP 345 and LEC STP 338 of
the incoming call on the seized DSO connection. As a
result, LEC switch 335 would further the communication path
to second point 330.
It can gibe seen from the above disclosure that the
present invention allows a telecommunications network to
employ a broadband network to make call connections. By
CA 02324239 2000-11-10
-23-
using muxes to convert calls and a CCP to analyze signal-
ing, this broadband network remains transparent to the
networks of other companies. An example of such a trans-
parent interface is between an interexchange carrier (IXC)
network and a local exchange carrier (LEC) network.
Similarly the network will be transparent if deployed in
only a portion of a single company's network infrastruc-
ture.
In the above embodiment, the LEC seizes an IXC DSO
port and signals to an IXC STP. The mux and the CCP
convert the call and analyze the signal appropriately. No
changes in other existing carrier systems, such as LEC
systems, are reguired.
Additionally the narrowband switch receives the call
and signal in its own fonaat and switches the call.
Although the switch may "think" the call is routed over a
trunk to another narrowband switch, the call actually goes
right back to the mux and broadband switch that sent the
call. The narrowband switch is used to apply features to
the call, i.e. billing, routing, etc. The broadband
network is used to make the substantial portion of the call
connection. The CCP may use narrowband switch call pro-
cessing information to make selections.
The CCP performs many functions. In one embodiment,
it accepts signaling from a first point or LEC and provides
appropriate signals in accord with the communication
control selections it has made. These selections are
network characteristics. The CCP may select network
elements such as switches, servers, or network codes. The
3o CCP may select connections, such as DSO circuits and ports.
The CCP may select particular telecommunications applica-
tions to be applied to the communications path. The CCP
may select particular control instructions for particular
devices. The CCP may also receive information from enti-
ties such as SCPs, operational control, or switches to aid
in its selections.
CA 02324239 2000-11-10
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The CCP is a processing system, and as such, those
skilled in the art are aware that such systems can be
housed in a single device or distributed among several
devices. Additionally, multiple devices with overlapping
capabilities might be desired for purposes of redundancy.
The present invention encompasses these variations. One
such operational system would be multiple pairs of CCPs
located regionally within a telecommunications system.
Each machine would be equally capable of communication
control. One example of a CCP device would be a Tandem CLX
machine configured in accord with this disclosure of the
present invention.
A signaling point handles the signaling for a switch.
Switches which are used to route calls typically have a
signaling point which is directly coupled to a processor in
the switch. This processor controls a switching matrix in
the switch in response to the signaling processed by the
signaling point. Thus, there is typically a one to one
correspondence of a signaling point for each switch and
matrix.
The CCP is not directly coupled to one switch, one
switch processor (CPU), or one switching matrix. In
contrast, the CCP has the capability of directing a plural
ity of switches. Thus, the CCP can direct multiple switch
matrixes by signaling multiple signaling points.
It is possible to house the CCP within other telecom-
munication devices, even switches. Although the CCP can be
primarily distinguished from a switch CPU based on physical
location, this does not have to be the case. A switch CPU
receives information from a signaling point and controls
the matrix of a single switch. Some switches distribute
the matrix among different physical locations, but the CPU
controls each matrix based on information received from a
single signaling point. This information is not signaling.
In contrast, the CCP receives signaling and has the
ability to signal other network elements. It can communi-
CA 02324239 2000-11-10
-25-
cate with multiple signaling points. These signaling
points provide information to the switch CPUs which control
the switch matrixes. By signaling multiple signaling
points, the CCP is able to direct the matrixes of multiple
switches based on the signaling and other information the
CCP obtains. A CCP is not associated with a single switch
matrix. A CCP does not require communication path connec-
tions in order to operate.
The main capabilities of one version of a CCP are
l0 shown on Figure 4. CCP 450 comprises interface 460,
translator 470 operably connected to interface 460, proces
sor 480 operably connected to translator 470, and memory
490 operably connected to processor 480.
CCP 450 functions to physically connect incoming links
from other devices such as STPs, switches, SCPs, and
operational control systems. Interface 460 is functional
to accept the signals off of these links and transfer the
signals to translator 470. Interface 460 is also be able
to transfer signaling from translator 470 to the links for
2o transmission.
Translator 470 accepts the signaling from interface
460 and identifies the information in the signaling.
Often, this will be done by identifying a known field
within a given signaling message. For example, translator
470 might identify the Origination Point Code (OPC),
Destination Point Code (DPC), and Circuit Identification
Code (CIC) in an SS7 message. Additionally, translator 470
must be able to formulate outgoing signaling and transmit
it to interface 460 for transmission. For example, trans-
lator 470 might replace the OPC, DPC, and CIC in a given
SS7 message and transfer the modified SS7 message to
interface 460 for transmission. Translator 510 must be
equipped to manage the signaling formats it will encounter.
Examples are;SS7 and C7.
Processor 480 accepts the signaling information from
translator 470 and makes the selections that accomplish
CA 02324239 2000-11-10
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communication control. This includes the selection of the
network elements and/or connections that make the communi-
cations path. Typically, selections are made through table
look-ups and SCP queries. Tables are entered and queries
are generated based in part on the information identified
by translator 470. The table look-ups and SCP information
retrieval yield new signaling information. The new infor-
mation is transferred to translator 470 for formulation
into appropriate signals for transmission. Algorithm
solution could also be used to make selections. Processor
480 also handles various status messages and alarms from
the switches and other network elements. Operational
control can also be accepted. This information can be used
to modify the look-up tables or selection algorithms.
Memory 490 is used by processor 480 to store programming,
information, and tables.
Figure 5 shows a flow diagram for the CCP for a
version of the present invention. The sequence begins with
the CCP receiving different types of information. Box 500
depicts the CCP accepting a signal from a first point.
This signal could be in any format, such as SS7 or braad-
band signaling. The signal may have passed through STPs
from a LEC over a signaling link, or it may also be a
signal directly provided by an individual user of a net-
work. The signal contains information about the requested
communication path. An example of such information is the
message type which indicates the purpose of the message.
Another example of such information is set-up information
such as transit network service value, bearer capability,
nature of address, calling party category, address presen
tation restriction status, carrier selection value, charge
number, and originating line information, and service code
value. Other information might be a network indicator or
a service indicator. Those skilled in the art are familiar
with these types of information.
CA 02324239 2000-11-10
_27_
Other types of information might also be accessed by
the CCP. The network elements, such as switches, may
provide the CCP with information as shown in box 505. This
information allows the CCP to select network elements and
connections based on network conditions. Examples of
possible types of such information could be management
messages, loading, error conditions, alarms, or idle
circuits. The CCP might also provide the network elements
with information.
Box 510 shows that operational control might be
provided. Operational control allows system personnel to
program the CCP. An example of such control might be to
implement a management decision to retire a particular
network element. Operational control would allow the
removal that element from the selection process.
The CCP processes the information is has received in
box 515. Processing also entails the use of programmed
instructions in the CCP, and might even include the use of
information retrieved from a remote database, such as an
SCP. The selections are then made as shown in box 520.
These selections specify network characteristics, such as
network elements and/or connections. As stated above, The
CCP may only select a portion of the network characteris-
tics and allow the points or the switches to select the
remainder. It should be pointed out that the information
used in processing is not limited to that which is listed,
and those skilled in the art will recognize other useful
information which may be sent to the CCP.
Once network characteristics are selected, the CCP
will signal the points and the applicable network elements
of the selections. In box 525, signals are formulated
instructing the network elements of the network character
istics selected. The signals are transmitted to the
appropriate network elements in box 535 which will typi
cally result~in a communication path through the network
elements and connections. Other activity, such as applica-
CA 02324239 2000-11-10
-28-
tions and control procedures might be implemented as well.
Additionally, in boxes 530 and 540, signals are formulated
and sent to the points. Typically the new signals gener-
ated by the CCP are sent to network elements or multiple
signaling points. These new signals could be the same,
however different signaling is typically sent to the
different network elements which may used as part of a
communication path.
Figure 5 represents the sequence that the CCP performs
in one embodiment to control communications and establish
a communication path from a first point to a second point
through network elements and connections. Figures 6 and 7
represent a similar sequence, and they are in the context
of an,Interexchange Carrier (IXC) similar to that depicted
in Figure 3. The IXC accepts DSO connections and SS7
signaling from a LEC and employs a broadband system to make
the substantial portion of the communication path.
Figure 6 depicts the flow of the CCP in a version of
the present invention when a communication path is estab
lished from the LEC to a narrowband switch in the IXC. Box
600 shows that an SS7 message is accepted from the LEC
which contains a Message Transfer Part (MTP) and an Inte-
grated Service User Part (ISUP). As those skilled in the
art are aware, the MTP contains the Originating Point Code
(OPC) and the Destination Point Code (DPC). These point
codes define specific signaling points in the network and
are typically associated with a switch. As such, the OPC
and DPC define a portion of the desired communication path.
When the communication path is extended into the IXC
network, the OPC designates the LEC switch that connected
to the IXC 0325 on Figure 3). Previously, the DPC has
designated the narrowband switch that the LEC would connect
to for calls into the IXC. In this embodiment of the
present invention, the DPC may designate a particular
narrowband switch from the LEC's perspective, but the CCP
actually selects the actual narrowband switch used. A mux
CA 02324239 2000-11-10
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or a broadband switch accepts the connection from the LEC,
not a narrowband switch.
The ISUP contains the Circuit Identification Code
(CIC) which designates the DSO port that the LEC has
seized. Previously, this DSO Port was an a narrowband
switch, but in this embodiment of the present invention,
the DSO port is actually on a mux.
Box 605 shows that the CCP may receive status informa
tion from the narrowband switches. These messages include
1D Operational Measurements (OM) and CPU Occupancy informa
tion. OM includes trunk usage status of the switches which
tells the CCP which DSD ports are available on the narrow-
band switches. CPU Occupancy tells the CCP of the specific
switching load of each narrowband switch. Box 610 shows
that the CCP may also accept status information from the
broadband switches indicating which connections are idle.
This information allows the CCP to specify and balance
routing through the broadband switches if desired. As
discussed in relation to some of the other embodiments, the
broadband switches may be left with that selection.
The CCP processes the information it has received in
box 615. Those skilled in the art are aware of other
information which would be useful in this context. As a
result of the processing, a narrowband switch and a DSO
port on that switch are typically selected as shown in box
620. The selected narrowband switch may be close to the
LEC or across the broadband network. The CCP determines
which narrowband switch will process the call. This makes
the narrowband switches virtually interchangeable.
3o Box 625 shows that a signal indicating these selec-
tions is generated and sent to the appropriate broadband
switches in box 635. As discussed, the broadhand switches
may employ interworking units to handle signaling. Typi-
cally, the broadband switches will use internal tables to
select broadband connections based on information in the
signal from the CCP. Such information might identify the
CA 02324239 2000-11-10
-3C
existing extent of the communication path and specify the
narrowband switch and the DSO port on that switch to which
the communication path should be extended. The tables
would be entered with this information and yield a par-
ticular broadband connection to use. Broadband switches
further along the communications path could also receive
similar signals from the CCP and use similar tables.
Alternatively, the broadband switches further along the
communications path might only need to enter an internal
table using the incoming broadband connection and yield a
new broadband connection on which to extend the communica
tions path.
Those skilled in the art are familiar with broadband
systems which can accomplish this. Broadband signaling is
I5 discussed i.n the following ITU-TS Recommendations: Q_2762
"B-ISDN, B-ISDN User Part - General Functions of Messages";
Q.2763 "B-ISDN, B-ISDN User Part - Formats and Codes";
Q.2764 "B-ISDN, B-ISDN User Part - Basic Call Procedures";
Q.2730 "B-ISDN, B-ISDN User Part - Supplementary Services";
Q.2750 "B-ISDN, B-ISDN User Part to DSS2 Interworking
Procedures"; and Q.2610 "Usage of Cause and Location in B-
ISDN User Part and DSS2".
In at least one embodiment, the broadband switches are
equipped with signaling interworking units. These units
translate SS7 messages into H-ISDN messages. In that
event, the CCP could transmit SS7 to the broadband switches
which could convert the signals properly. Interwarking is
discussed in ITU-T5 Recommendation Q.2660, "B-ISDN, B-ISUP
to N-ISUP Interworking".
In one embodiment, the broadband switches may select
the actual virtual connection that corresponds through a
mux to a DSO port. This DSO port could be on a narrowband
switch or on a point, such as a LEC switch. In this case,
the CCPwould not need to select a .-DSO port since the
broadband switch was in effect doing so. The internal
tables of the broadband switches would be programmed to
CA 02324239 2000-11-10
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trigger when the particular broadband switch was connecting
to particular broadband connections. These connections
might be to a DSO port on a narrowband switch or any
specified point. Upon the trigger, the broadband switch
would signal the CCP of the broadband connection it has
used. The CCP would incorporate this information into the
signal it sends to the narrowband switch or specified
point. It is preferred that the CCP select the DSO port on
the selected narrowband switches, and that the broadband
switches be allowed to select the broadband connection out
of the network (through a mux) and signal the CCP of its
selection.
The SS7 message from the LEC informed the CCP which
DSO port had been seized (the CIC), on which IXC device
(DPC), and by which LEC switch (the OPC). By tracking the
DSO Part through the mux (#380 on Figure 3), the CCP knows
which connection the communication path will use to get to
the broadband switch (#360 on figure 3). The CCP provides
the broadband network with the proper signaling to extend
the communication path from this switch to the selected
narrowband switch as shown in box 635.
Box 63o shows that the CCP formulates an SS7 message
based on the selections relating to the narrowband switch.
SS7 message formulation methods, such as drop and insert,
are known in the art. A new DPC is inserted that will
designate the narrowband switch selected by the CCP. A new
CIC is inserted that will designate the DSO port on that
switch as selected by the CCP. The SS7 message is sent to
the narrowband switch in box 640.
3o As such, the communication path is extended from the
LEC through the broadband network to the narrowband switch,
and the narrowband switch is notified of the incoming
communication path. Another portion of the SS7 message
contains call information including ANI and DNIS. This
information Was supplied by the LEC and is in the SS7
message sent to the narrowband switch.
CA 02324239 2000-11-10
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The narrowband switch uses this information along with
its own programming to switch the call. This switching may
include various switching programs and remote databases.
The narrowband switch will select a new DPC based on this
processing. It will switch the. call to a new DSO port.
Previously, this port was connected to a trunk connected to
the next narrowband switch in the call routing scenario.
However, in the present invention, the DSO port is con-
nected through a mux to broadband switch. The narrowband
switch will place the new DPC in an SS7 message. Along
with the new DPC, a new CIC identifying the new DSO cir-
cuit, and a new OPC designating the narrowband switch
itself is placed in the SS7 message and sent to the CCP.
Figure 7 shows the flow of the CCP when extending a
communication path from the selected narrowband switch to
a point outside of the IXC in one embodiment of the present
invention. The SS7 message generated by the narrowband
switch after processing the call is received by the CCP in
box 700. In it, the CIC designates the DSO port the
communications path extends from on the narrowband~switch.
Because this port is connected to a mux with corresponding
connections, the CCP can determine which connection the
communication path uses to extend back to the broadband
switch.
The CCP may also receive status information from the
broadband switches as shown in box 705. This information
allows the CCP to select broadband connections if desired.
As discussed, the broadband switches may make these selec-
tions. Typically, the broadband switches will use internal
tables to select broadband connections based on information
in the signal from the CCP. Such information might specify
destination code. The destination code might correspond to
a terminating switch or a LEC switch to which the communi-
cation path should be extended.
As shown in box 710, the CCP applies processing and
selects the appropriate destination for the broadband
CA 02324239 2000-11-10
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network to extend the communication path to as shown in box
715. The CCP may use the new DPC provided by the narrow-
band switch to identify the destination for the broadband
communication path.
In box 720, signals are generated reflecting this
selection and sent to the appropriate broadband switches in
box 725. As discussed, the broadband switch may trigger
and signal the CCP when it uses particular connections.
This would occur for a connection through a mux to a LEC
switch. This signal is accepted by the CCP in box 730 and
is used to identify the DSO port. An SS7 message is
formulated in box 735 and in it the CIC will identify this
DSO connection on the LEC switch (#335 on Figure 3).
Alternatively, this DSO port may have been selected by the
CCP and signalled to the broadband switch. The LEC is
signalled in box 740.
From Figures 6 and 7, a sequence is shown that demon-
strates the procedures that the CCP can follow to accept
signaling from the LEC and make selections that control
communications through the IXC network. The CCP must
produce signals to implement its selections and transmit
them to the applicable network elements. The CCP is able
to use the routing, billing, and service features of a
narrowband switch, but is still is able to employ a broad-
band network to make a substantial part of the communica-
tions path.
Figure 8 is a flow diagram of CCP signal processing in
one embodiment of the invention. Box 800 shows that an SS7
signal has been accepted by the CCP. Box 805 shows that
the CCP determines the message type. If the message is not
a call message, it is routed or used to update the CCP
memory if appropriate as shown in box 810. Non-call
messages are familiar to those skilled in the art with
examples being.filler or management messages. If the S57
message is a'vcall message, it is examined to determine if
it is an initial address message (IAM) in box 815. Call
CA 02324239 2000-11-10
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messages and IAMB are familiar to those skilled in the art.
If it is an IAM, the information provided by automatic
number identification (ANI) is used to validate the call in
box 820. ANI validation is accomplished with a table look-
up and is well known. If invalid, the communication path
is terminated as shown in box 825.
Once an IAM with a valid ANI is determined, a table is
entered which yields an OPC -- DPC -- CIC combination as
shown in box 830. One skilled in the art will recognize
that such a table can take many forms. One example is to
set up a table with every combination of OPC -- DPC -- CIC
on one side. The table is entered using the OPC -- DPC --
CIC of the incoming IAM message. After entry through these
fields is accomplished, the table yields a new OPC -- DPC
-- CIC which can be formulated into the SS7 message and
sent to the switching network as shown in box 835. The
switching network is capable of using this information to
make connections.
Once the IAM signal has been processed, subsequent SS7
messaging can be processed by a separate CIC look-up table
entered using the CIC as shown in box 840. Subsequent
messages, such as address complete, answer, release, and
release complete can be processed by entering the CIC table
using the CIC in these non-IAM signals. For signals
directed to the first point, the table yields the original
OPC which is used as the DPC. Additionally, subsequent
messages from the first point enter the CIC table using
their CIC, and the table yields the DPC previously selected
by the CCP for the IAM processing. The CIC table is
constantly updated to reflect current processing as shown
in box 845. In this way, the CCP is able to efficiently
process non-IAMB because theses signals only need to
reflect the results of previous IAM selections.
There can .,be exceptions to the use of the CIC table
for non-IAM~1ca11 messages. one example would be if a new
connection is allowed after release. In that case, the IAM
CA 02324239 2000-11-10
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procedures would be followed.
Those skilled in the art will recognize the numerous
factors that can be used to design and load the tables.
Different OPC -- DPC -- CIC combinations can be yielded by
the tables based on many factors. Some of these factors
are: called number, time of day, CPU occupancy, switch
status, trunk status, automatic call distribution, opera-
tional control, error conditions, network alarms, user
requests, and network element status.
For example, if a certain switch must be taken out of
service, it is merely replaced in the table with suitable
substitutes. The switch is then effectively taken out of
service because it is no longer selected. If the CPU
loading of a certain switch reaches a threshold, its
presence in the tables can be diminished and distributed to
other switches.
In another example, if it is busy hour in region A,
the tables may yield network elements in region B to
process the call. This can be accomplished by adding an
area code or a dialed number entry, and time of day entry
in the table. For calls placed from an OPC in region A to
an area code or dialed number in region B, a narrowband
switch in region B could be selected. As such, the DPC
yielded by the table during this time frame should reflect
a region B narrowband switch. Also, far calls placed from
an OPC in region H to an area code or dialed number in
region A, the tables should provide the DPC of a region B
narrowband switch.
In a preferred embodiment, IAM messages would cause
the CCP to query an SCP, data element, or database for
support. The 5CP would answer the query by using tables as
discussed above. The answers would be sent to the CCP and
used to formulate signaling. Subsequent messages would be
then handled by.the CCP using the CIC table. An example of.
such support.would be for the CCP to query the SCP in
response'to receiving an IAM message. The query may
CA 02324239 2000-11-10
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include the OPC, CIC, DPC, and the area code, or dialed
number. The SCP could use this information to select
network characteristics and avoid busy regions as described
in the above busy region example. For example, the SCP
would maintain tables for OPC -- dialed area code -- time
of day combinations that would yield a new DPC and CIC.
This assumes that busy hour in a region corresponds to time
of day, but other factors and yields could also be in-
volved.
l0 In one embodiment, the dialed number or area code
could be used to select the new DPC, and time stamps could
be placed in the signaling. This might entail tables with
OPC -- dialed area code entries that yield a new DPC and
CIC. In this case, narrowband switches may not even be
I5 needed since billing can be applied using the time stamps.
The CCP could then route the call directly using only the
broadband network. This is especially relevant for POTS
calls in which only an area code entry would need to be
added to the tables.
20 As discussed above, often a connection will consist of
two separate connection procedures. One connection proce-
dure will be from the origination to a selected network
element. The other connection procedure will be from the
selected network element to the destination. Also it has
25 been disclosed that the CCP could actually be discreet
machines located regionally. In these cases, the CCP
device processing the first connection procedure could be
located in the origination region, and the CCP device that
processes the second connection procedure could be located
30 in the region of the selected network element.
The present invention offers the advantage of separat-
ing at least a portion of the communication control from
the communication path. By examining and translating
signaling independently of the communication path, multiple
35 switches and network elements can be connected in the
optimum way. Communications paths are no longer limited to
CA 02324239 2000-11-10
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only the connections the switches can control. Networks do
not have to wait for standardization among signaling and
interf ace protocols.
The present invention allows for the selection of
network characteristics, such as network elements and
connections, before switches process or apply the signal
ing. The switches are not required to have a capability
either to make selections or to signal each other. The
switches only make connections as directed by the CCP which
l0 signals in each switches own signaling format. Various
criteria can be used for the selections in the CCP, such as
time of day, load balancing, or invalid ANI. As such, the
present invention allows for a smooth transition from
narrowband to broadband networks. It also allows for the
selection of network elements, such as servers and enhanced
services platforms.
The present invention represents a fundamental and
powerful departure from previous telecommunications tech-
nology. By separating the communications path from commu-
nication control, the CCP can utilize different networks
and network devices intelligently. Previously, telecommu-
nications systems have been dependent on the switches to
accomplish communication control. As such, telecommunica-
tions systems have had to wait for the switches to develop
communication control before new technology could be
implemented. Switches have always been required to physi
cally make connections and provide control over which
connections are required. Switch capabilities have not
been able to keep up with all of the network possibilities
available. The result is a limited system.
Switches have been given support in this dual task.
SCPs, STPs, and adjunct processors provide support for
communication control. However, these devices only support
the switches communication control, and the switch remains
essential tAvcommunication control. This dependence has
created a bottleneck given the available network possibili-
CA 02324239 2000-11-10
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ties.
one advantage of the present invention is that it
allows narrowband switches be used interchangeably in a
narrowband/broadband hybrid network. Any narrowband switch
may be taken out of service without re-routing traffic and
changing routing logic in each switch. The CCP is simply
programmed not to select the given narrowband switch for
call processing. The CCP will route calls over the broad-
band network to another narrowband switch. This flexibil-
ity also allows the telecommunications network to easily
transfer narrowband switch loads.
An important advantage of this system is that both the
advantages of broadband and narrowband systems are uti-
lized. The transmission capabilities of a broadband net-
work are coupled with the narrowband network s ability to
apply features. For example, the CCP can use the broad-
band network to substantially make the call connection from
origination to destination. The CCP diverts the traffic to
the narrowband network for processing. The narrowband
network can apply features, such as billing and routing.
Once processed, the traffic is directed back to the broad-
band network for completion of the connection. The CCP can
then use the routing information generated by the narrow-
band system to route the traffic through the broadband
system to the destination. As a result, the telecommunica-
tions system does not have to develop a billing or "800"
routing feature for its broadband network. This can be
accomplished because the CCP allows both networks to work
together intelligently.
Another advantage of the present invention is the
elimination of a substantial percentage of the DSO ports
required on the existing narrowband switches. In the
current architectures, narrowband switches are intercon-
nected to each. other. A substantial percentage of the
switch ports~are taken up by these connections. By elimi-
nating the need for the switches to connect to each other,
CA 02324239 2000-11-10
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these ports can be eliminated. Each narrowband switch is
only connected to the broadband system. This architecture
requires fewer ports per switch. By load balancing with
the CCP, the number of ports required on busy switches can
be reduced. The architecture in the present invention does
require additional broadband ports, but these can be added
at a significant cost saving versus narrowband ports.
Additionally, the narrowband switches no longer signal
each other since all signaling is directed to the CCP.
This concentration accounts for a reduction in required
signaling link ports. This reduction possibly could result
in the elimination of STPs.
As mentioned above, an advantage of the present
invention is its ability to treat narrowband switches, ar
groups of narrowband switches, interchangeably. The CCP
can pick any narrowband switch to process a particular
call. This allows the network to pull narrowband switches
out of service without taking extreme measures. In turn,
this simplifies the introduction of new services into the
network. A switch can be pulled out of service simply by
instructing the CCP to stop selecting it. The switch can
be re-programmed and put back into service. Then the next
switch can then be updated in the same mannez until all of
the switches are implementing the new service. Switches
can also be easily pulled to test developing applications.
This narrowband switch flexibility also allows the CCP
to balance switch loads through the network during peak
times, or during mass calling events. This eliminates the
need to implement complex and expensive load balancing
features in the narrowband network. Instead of programming
the several switches to balance among themselves, one
command to the CCP can achieve this.
Another advantage is the reduction in call set-up
time. Most urge networks require that a call pass through
more than two.narrowband switches arranged in a hierarchi
cal fashion. One large network employs a flat architecture
CA 02324239 2000-11-10
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in which all narrowband switches are interconnected, but
this still requires that the call pass through two narrow-
band switches. In the present invention, only one narrow-
band switch is required for each call. The use of broad-
s band switches to set-up and complete the call represents
significant time savings.
15
25
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