Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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ANTI-GER.M. ATTACHMENT - COMPOSITION
BACK(sROUND OF THE INVI' N'['ION
10 Basic skin cleansing compositions have been lor.ig addressed by the
personal care
industry. The consumer population is looking for additional benefit beyond
basic skin
cleansing which now includes germ as well as soil removal. Recently,
intensified focus
has been directed to the spread of germs from touching various objects in
public use such
as an ATM machine, public phones, public restrooms, tl:ie gym and the like.
New
compositions which fight germs have recently been marketed. However, many of
these
products use high quantities of alcohol to accomplish the degerming of the
skin. These
products are directed to eliminating pre-existing germs present in the skin
prior to
treatment. Therefore, a need exists for obtaining a longer lasting "antigerm"
effect with a
cleansing composition normally employed as a rinse-offproduct which inhibits
the
further attachment of germs to the skin following the rinse off process.
Such a product should not be restricted to having activity against only one or
a
small number of germs which can be present on the skin. It should be readily
applicable
to a large number of germs, regardless of their gram negative or gram positive
nature or
whatever type of classification system under which they may be categorized. A.
few
compositions with active agents seem to work by stopping the attachment of
specific
germs to the skin. However, compositions containing these agents are disclosed
to be
germ specific to only one or a small number of germs.
It has now been discovered that a relatively simple rinse off skin cleansing
composition has the ability to inhibit the attachment of germs to the skin for
a significant
period of time after rinsing the skin. A broad spectrum of germs can be
inhibited. In this
manner a standard rinse off skin cleansing composition provides a desired
benefit to the
everyday skin washing population. Additionally, it can provide a meaningful
benefit to
those individuals whose skin is in particular need to have diminished levels
of germs
thereon, for example those people suffering from atopic dermatitis, psoriasis,
immunodeficient conditions and the like.
CA 02333935 2004-10-18
62301-2165
A fizrther advantage of the composition is that germs which are present, can
be
more readily removed from the skin by rinsing with water after treatment of
the skin with
the composition of the invention. This occurs for a period of time after the
initial rinse-
off of the composition has occurred.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the invention, there is a method for inhibiting the
attachment
of germs to the skin which comprises applying to the skin a composition
comprising
a. a skin cleansing effective amount of a surfactant or mixture of
surfactants,
b. a silicone component in amounts effective to inhibit attachment of germs to
the
skin,
and rinsing said composition from the skin.
A further aspect of the invention is the composition having as an additional
component a cationic material, preferably a cationic polymer.
Additionally, a composition which accomplishes the goal of inhibition of germ
attachment is the composition of (a) and (b) above.
Still further, there is the use of a composition comprising:
(a) a skin cleansing effective amount of a surfactant or mixture of
surfactants,
(b) a silicone component in amounts effective to inhibit attachment of germs
to
the skin,
in the preparation of a skin cleansing material which inhibits the attachment
of germs to
the skin.
2
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Yet further, there is a method for inhibiting the
attachment of germs to the skin of people having a skin
condition selected from the group consisting of atopic
dermatitis, psoriasis, and immunodeficient condition which
comprises applying to the skin a composition having (a) a
skin cleansing effective amount of a surfactant or mixture
of surfactants, (b) a silicone in amounts effective to
inhibit attachment of germs to the skin, and rinsing the
composition from the skin.
Still further, there is a method for inhibiting
attachment of germs to the skin which comprises applying to
the skin a composition comprising: (a) a silicone component
in amounts effective to inhibit attachment of germs to the
skin, wherein when the composition is a rinse off
composition there is also present therein a skin cleansing
effective amount of a surfactant or mixture of surfactants.
Still further, there is a commercial package
comprising a skin cleansing composition of the invention,
together with instructions for use. In one embodiment,
there is provided, a commercial package comprising: (a) a
skin cleansing composition for inhibiting attachment of a
germ to the skin, the composition comprising: (i) a skin
cleansing effective amount of a surfactant or a mixture of
surfactants, and (ii) a silicone in an amount effective to
inhibit attachment of germs to the skin; and
(b) instructions for applying the composition to the skin of
a person having the skin condition atopic dermatitis,
psoriasis, or immunodeficient condition, and for rinsing the
composition from the skin with water.
2a
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In exemplary embodiments of the invention, there
are provided:
(1) a topical composition that can be rinsed off
the skin with water for inhibiting the attachment of germs
to the skin of people having the skin condition atopic
dermatitis, psoriasis, or immunodeficient condition, which
composition comprises: (a) a skin cleansing effective amount
of a surfactant or mixture of surfactants; and (b) a
silicone in an amount effective to inhibit attachment of
germs to the skin;
(2) a topical composition that can be rinsed off
the skin with water for inhibiting the attachment of germs
to the skin after rinsing, the composition comprising: (a) a
skin cleansing effective amount of a surfactant or a mixture
of surfactants; and (b) about 0.01 to about 8 wt.% of the
composition of a silicone;
(3) use of a composition comprising: (a) a skin
cleansing effective amount of a surfactant or mixture of
surfactants; and (b) a silicone in an amount between about
0.01 to about 8 wt.% of the composition, the amount
effective to inhibit attachment of germs to the skin, in the
manufacture of a skin cleansing material that is rinsed from
the skin with water after application to the skin, for
inhibiting attachment of germs to the skin after rinsing the
skin; and
(4) use of a composition comprising: (a) a skin
cleansing effective amount of a surfactant or mixture of
surfactants; and (b) a silicone in an amount effective to
inhibit attachment of germs to the skin, in the preparation
of a skin cleansing material that can be rinsed off the skin
with water and which inhibits the attachment of germs to the
2b
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skin of an individual whose skin is in need of diminished
levels of germs thereon, which individual has the skin
condition atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, or immunodeficient
condition.
The composition can work its effects in many
realistic situations. It can reduce the spread of germs
from inanimate objects, for example door knobs, phones,
water faucets and the like as well as through skin to skin
contact, for example the shaking of
2c
. . . i .. ~ ~
CA 02333935 2000-11-30
WO 99162475 PCT/US99/11960
hands. In summary, the transmission of germs to skin c.an be reduced by prior
contact of
skin with the composition of this invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The term "germ" as used in the specification and claims of this invention
means
bacteria and viruses, particularly bacteria. Examples of bacteria which are
inhibited from
attaching to the skin include staphylococcus aureus, stap:hylococcus
epidermis,
corynebacterium minutissium, escherichia coli, salmonella, choleraesuis and
serratia
marcescens. Examples of viruses include human rhinovirus and human rotovirus.
The surfactants which can be used in the compos:ition include the following
families: anionic, amphoteric, nonionic and cationic, alone or in combination.
Soap a
long chain alkyl or alkenyl, branched or normal carboxylic acid salt such as
sodium,
potassium, ammonium or substituted ammonium salt, can be present in the
composition.
Exemplary of long chain alkyl or alkenyl are from about 8 to about 22 carbon
atoms in
length, specifically about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms in length, more
specifically alkyl
and most specifically normal, or normal with little branclhing. Small
quantities of
olefmic bond(s) may be present in the predominantly alkyl sections,
particularly if the
source of the "alkyl" group is obtained from a natural product such as tallow,
coconut oil
and the like.
Examples of anionic surfactants other than soap include but are not limited to
alkyl sulfates, anionic acyl sarcosinates, methyl acyl taurates, N-acyl
glutamates, acyl
isethionates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, alkyl phosphate esters, ethoxylated alkyl
phosphate
esters, trideceth sulfates, protein condensates, mixtures of ethoxylated alkyl
sulfates and
the like.
Other surfactants can be present in the composition as well. Examples of such
surfactants are the anionic, amphoteric, nonionic and catiionic surfactants.
Examples of
anionic surfactants include but are not limited to alkyl sulfates, anionic
acyl sarcosinates,
methyl acyl taurates, N-acyl glutamates, acyl isethionates, alkyl
sulfosuccinates, alkyl
phosphate esters, ethoxylated alkyl phosphate esters, trideceth sulfates,
protein
condensates, mixtures of ethoxylated alkyl sulfates and t:he like.
3
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WO 99/62475 PCT/US99/11960
Alkyl chains for these surfactants are C8-C22, preferably C10-C18, more
preferably C12-C14. Anionic nonsoap surfactants can be exemplified by the
alkali metal-
salts of organic sulfate having in their molecular structure an alkyl radical
containing
from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms and a sulfonic acid or sulfuric acid
ester radical
(included in the term alkyl is the alkyl portion of higher acyl radicals).
Preferred are the
sodium, ammonium, potassium or triethanolamine alkyl sulfates, especially
those
obtained by sulfating the higher alcohols (C8-C18 carbon atoms), sodium
coconut oil
fatty acid monoglyceride sulfates and sulfonates; sodiurYi or potassium salts
of sulfuric
acid esters of the reaction product of 1 mole of a higher fatty alcohol e.g.,
tallow or
coconut oil alcohols) and 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide; sodium or potassium
salts of
alkyl phenol ethylene oxide ether sulfate with 1 to 10 units of ethylene oxide
per
molecule and in which the alkyl radicals contain from 8 to 12 carbon atoms,
sodium alkyl
glyceryl ether sulfonates; the reaction product of fatty acids having from 10
to 22 carbon,
atoms esterified with isethionic acid and neutralized witli sodium hydroxide;
water
soluble salts of condensation products of fatty acids with sarcosine; and
others known in
the art.
Zwitterionic surfactants can be exemplified by those which can be broadly
described as derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium, phosphonium, and
sulfonium
compounds, in which the aliphatic radicals can be straiglit chain or branched
and wherein
one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to 18 carbon atoms and
one
contains an anionic water-solubilizing group, e.g., carbo:xy, sulfonate,
sulfate, phosphate,
or phosphonate. A general formula for these compounds is:
(R3)x
I
R2-Y(+)-CH2_R4-Z(-)
wherein R2 contains an alkyl, alkenyl, or hydroxy alkyl radical of from about
8 to about
18 carbon atoms, from 0 to about 10 ethylene oxide moieties and from 0 to I
glycery l
moiety; Y is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, and
sulfur
atoms; R3 is an alkyl or monohydroxyalkyl group contaiining 1 to about 3
carbon atoms;
X is I when Y is a sulfur atom and 2 when Y is a nitrogen or phosphorus atom,
R4 is an
alkylene or hydroxyalkylene of from 0 to about 4 carbon. atoms and Z is a
radical selected
from the group consisting of carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphonate, and
phosphate
groups.
4
I I
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WO 99/62475 PCTIUS99/11960
Examples include: 4-[N,N-di(2-hydroxyethyI)-N-octadecylammonio]-butane-l-
carboxylate; 5-[S-3-hydroxypropyl-S-hexadecyisulfonio] -3 hydroxypentane-1-
sulfate;
3-[P,P-P-diethyl-P 3,6,9 trioxatetradecyl- phosphonio]-2-hydroxypropane-1-
phosphate;
3-[N,N-dipropyl-N-3 dodecoxy-2-hydroxypropylammonio]-propane-I-phosphonate; 3-
(N,N-di- methyl-N-hexadecylammonio) propane-l-sulfonate; 3-(N,N-dimethyl-N-
hexadecylammonio)-2-hydroxypropane-l-sulfonate; 4-(N,N-di(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-(2
hydroxydodecyl) ammonio]-butane- l -carboxylate; 3-[S-=ethyl-S-(3-dodecoxy-2-
hydroxypropyl)sulfonio]-propane-l-phosphate; 3-(P,P-~dimethyl-P-
dodecylphosphonio)-
propane- I -phosphonate; and 5-[N,N-di(3-hydroxypropyl)-N-hexadecylammonio]-2-
hydroxy-pentane-l-sulfate.
Examples of amphoteric surfactants which can be used in the compositions of
the
present invention are those which can be broadly described as derivatives of
aliphatic
secondary and tertiary amines in which the aliphatic rad:ical can be straight
chain or
branched and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8
to about 18
carbon atoms and one contains an anionic water solubilizing group, e.g.,
carboxy,
sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate. Examples of compounds falling
within
this definition are sodium 3-dodecylaminopropionate, sodium 3-
dodecylaminopropane
sulfonate, N-alkyltaurines, such as the one prepared by reacting dodecylamine
with
sodium isethionate according to the teaching of U.S. Patent No. 2,658,072, N-
higher
alkyl aspartic acids, such as those produced according to the teaching of U.S.
Patent No.
2,438,091 and U.S. Patent No. 2,528,378. Other amphoterics such as betaines
are also
useful in the present composition.
Examples of betaines useful herein include the high alkyl betaines such as
coco
dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, I auryl dimethyl carboxy-methyl betaine,
lauryl
dimethyl alpha-carboxyethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine,
lauryl bis-
(2-hydroxyethyl)carboxy methyl betaine, stearyl bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)
carboxymethyl
betaine, oleyl dimethyl gamma-carboxypropyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-hydro-
xypropyl)
alpha-carboxyethyl betaine, etc. The sulfobetaines may be represented by coco
dimethyl
sulfopropyl betaine, stearyl dimethyl sulfopropyl betaine, amido betaines,
amidosulfobetaines, and the like.
5
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62301-2165
Many cationic surfactants are known to the art. By way of example, the
following
may be mentioned:
- stearyldimenthylbenzyl ammonium chloride;
- dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride;
- nonylbenzylethyldimethyl ammonium nitrate;
- tetradecylpyridinium bromide;
- laurylpyridinium chloride;
- cetylpyridinium chloride
- laurylpyridinium chloride;
- laurylisoquinolium bromide;
- ditallow(Hydrogenated)dimethyl ammonium chloride;
- dilauryldimethyl ammonium chloride; and
- stearalkonium chloride.
Additional cationic surfactants are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,303,543 see
column 4, lines 58 and column 5, lines 1-42. Also see CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient
Dictionary, 4th Edition 1991, pages 509-514 for various long chain alkyl
cationic
surfactants.
Nonionic surfactants can be broadly defined as compounds produced by the
condensation of alkylene oxide groups (hydrophilic in nature) with an organic
hydrophobic compound, which may be aliphatic or alkyl aromatic in nature.
Examples of
preferred classes of nonionic surfactants are:
1. The polyethylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols, e.g., the condensation
products
of alkyl phenols having an alkyl group containing from about 6 to 12 carbon
atoms in
either a straight chain or branched chain configuration, with ethylene oxide,
the
said ethylene oxide being present in amounts equal to 10 to 60 moles of
ethylene
oxide per mole of alkyl phenol. The alkyl substituent in such compounds may be
derived from polymerized propylene, diisobutylene, octane, or nonane, for
example.
2. Those derived from the condensation of ethylene oxide with the product
resulting
from the reaction of propylene oxide and ethylene diamine products which may
be
varied iq''composition depending upon the balance between the hydrophobic and
hydrophilic elements which is desired. For example, compounds containing from
about 40% to about 80% polyoxyethylene by weight and having a molecular weight
of from about 5,000 to about 11,000 resulting from the reaction of ethylene
oxide
6
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groups with a hydrophobic base constituted of the reaction product of ethylene
diamine and excess propylene oxide, said base having a molecular weight of the
order-
of 2,500 to 3,000, are satisfactory.
3. The condensation product of aliphatic alcohols having from 8 to 18 carbon
atoms, in
either straight chain or branched chain configuration with ethylene oxide,
e.g., a
coconut alcohol ethylene oxide condensate having fronl 10 to 30 moles of
ethylene
oxide per mole of coconut alcohol, the coconut alcohol fraction having from 10
to 14
carbon atoms. Other ethylene oxide condensation products are ethoxylated fatty
acid
TM
esters of polyhydric alcohols (e.g., Tween 20-polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan
monoiaurate).
4. Long chain tertiary amine oxides corresponding to the foilowing general
formula:
R1R2R3N40
wherein R1 contains an all.yi, alkenyl or monohydroxy alkyl radical of from
about 8
to about 18 carbon atoms, from 0 to about 10 ethylene oxide moieties, and from
0 to 1
glyceryl moiety, and, R2 and R3 contain from 1 to about 3 carbon atoms and
from 0
to about 1 hydroxy group, e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, hydroxy ethyl, or
hydroxy
propyl radicals. The arrow in the formula is a conventional representation of
a
semipolar bond. Examples,of amine oxides suitable for use in this invention
include
dimethyldodecylamine oxide, oleyl-di(2-hydroxyethyl) amine oxide,
dimethyloctylamine oxide, dimethyldecylamine oxide, dimethyltetradecylamine
oxide, 3,6,9 trioxaheptadecyldiethylamine oxide, di(2-hydroxyethyl)-
tetradecylamine
oxide, 2-dodecoxyethyldimethylamine oxide, 3-dodecoxy-2-hydroxypropyldi(3-
hydroxypropyl)aniine oxide, dimethylhexadecylamine oxide.
5. Long chain tertiary phosphine oxides corresponding to the following general
formula:
RR'R"P-30
wherein R contains an alkyl, alkenyl or monohydroxyalkyl radical ranging from
8 to
20 carbon atoms in chain length, from 0 to about 10 ethylene oxide moieties
and from
0 to 1 glyceryl moiety and R' and R" are each alkyl or monohydroxyalkyl groups
containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms. The arrow in the formula is a
conventional
7
CA 02333935 2000-11-30
WO 99/62475 PCT/US99/11960
representation of a semipolar bond. Examples of suiitable phosphine oxides
are:
dodecyldimethylphosphine oxide, tetradecylmethyle:thylphosphine oxide, 3,6,9-
trioxaoctadecyldimethylphosphine oxide, cetyldimethylphosphine oxide, 3-
dodecoxy-
2-hydroxypropyldi(2-hydroxyethyl) phosphine oxide stearyldimethylphosphine
oxide, cetylethyl propylphosphine oxide, oleyldiethylphosphine oxide,
dodecyldiethylphosphine oxide, tetradecyldiethylphosphine oxide,
dodecyldipropylphosphine oxide, dodecyldi(hydroxymethyl)phosphine oxide,
dodecyldi(2-hydroxyethyl)phosphine oxide, tetradecylmethyl-2-
hydroxypropylphosphine oxide, oleyldimethylphosphine oxide, 2-
hydroxydodecyldimethylphosphine oxide.
6. Long chain dialkyl sulfoxides containing one short clhain alkyl or hydroxy
alkyl
radical of 1 to about 3 carbon atoms (usually methyl) and one long hydrophobic
chain
which contain alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxy alkyl, or keto alkyl radicals containing
from
about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms, from 0 to about 10 ethylene oxide moieties
and
from 0 to 1 glyceryl moiety. Examples include: octadecyl methyl sulfoxide, 2-
ketotridecyl methyl sulfoxide, 3,6,9-trioxaoctadecyl 2-hydroxyethyl sulfoxide,
dodecyl methyl sulfoxide, oleyl 3-hydroxypropyl sulfoxide, tetradecyl methyl
sulfoxide, 3 methoxytridecyhnethyl sulfoxide, 3-hydroxytridecyl methyl
sulfoxide, 3-
hydroxy-4-dodecoxybutyl methyl sulfoxide.
7. Alkylated polyglycosides wherein the alkyl group is from about 8 to about
20 carbon
atoms, preferably about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms and the degree of
polymerization of the glycoside is from about 1 to about 3, preferably about
1.3 to
about 2Ø
Also present in the composition is a silicone. Sillicone as used herein is
preferably
a silicone fluid, as opposed to a silicone gum. A silicone fluid is defined
herein as
silicone with viscosities ranging from about 5 to about 600,000 centistokes,
more
preferably from about 350 to about 100,000 centistoke at 25 C. Polyalkyl
siloxanes such
as polydimethyl siloxane generally known as "dimethicone", are preferred for
use as the
silicone.
The silicone materials useful in the present inverition are generally non-
volatile
and may be either a polyalkyl siloxane, a polyaryl siloxane, a polyalkylaryl,
a
functionalized siloxanelated, a polysiloxane such as a polysiloxan with amino
functional
substitution, an alkoxylated silicone, such as ethoxylated or propoxylated,
and a polyether
8
CA 02333935 2008-02-27
62301-2165
siloxane copolymer. The silicones useful in the present invention may be
endcapped with
any number of moieties, including, for example, methyl, hydroxyl, ethylene
oxide,
propylene oxide, amino, trialkyl silane (preferably methyl), carboxyl, and the
like.
Mixtures of these materials may also be used and are preferred in certain
implementations. Additionally, volatile silicones may be used as part of the
silicone
mixture so long as the final mixture is at least essentially non-volatile.
The polyalkyl silicones that may be used herein include, for example,
polydimethyl siloxanes with viscosities ranging from about 5 to about 600,000
centistokes at 25 C. These siloxanes are available, for example, from General
Electric
TM TM
Company as the Viscasil seiies and from Dow Corning as the Dow Corning 200
series.
The viscosity can be measured by means of a glass capillary viscosmeter as set
forth in
Dow Corning Corporate Test Method CTM0004, Jul. 20, 1970. Preferably the
viscosity
ranges from about 50 centistokes to about 150,000 centistokes and most
preferably from
about 350 centistokes to about 100,000 centistokes.
The polyalkylaryl silicones that may be used include, for example,
polymethylphenylsiloxanes having viscosities of from about 15 to about 65
centistokes at
C. These siloxanes are available, for example, from the General Electric
Company as
20 SF 1075 methyl phenyl fluid or from Dow Coming as 556 Cosmetic Giade Fluid.
Additionally, poly(dimethyl siloxane) (diphenyl siloxane) copolymers having a
viscosity
in the range of from about 10 to about 100,000 centistokes at 25 C are useful.
The
polyether siloxane copolymer that may be used is, for example, a polypropylene
oxide
modified dimethylpolysiloxane (e.g., Dow Corning DC-1248, although ethylene
oxide or
25 mixtures of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide may also be used.
References disclosing suitable silicones include U.S. Patent No. 2,826,551,
issued
March 11, 1958; Green; U.S. Patent No. 3,964,500, issued June 22, 1967,
Drakoff; U.S.
Patent No. 4,364,837, issued December 21, 1982, Pader; and British Patent No.
849,433,
Wooston, published September 28, 1960. Applicant also notes Silicon Compounds,
distributed by Petrarch Systems, Inc., 1984. This reference provides a good
listing of
suitable silicone material.
Although not essential, the presence of a cationic polymer in the composition
is
preferred.
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WO 99/62475 PCT/US99/11960
Cationic polymers includes but are not limited to the following
groups:
(i) cationic polysaccharides;
(ii) cationic copolymers of saccharides and syrithetic
cationic monomers, and
(iii) synthetic polymers selected from the group consisting of
a. cationic polyalkylene imines
b. cationic ethoxy polyalkylene imines
c. cationic poly[N-[3-(dimethylammonio;lpropyl]
N'[3-(ethyleneoxyethylene
dimethylammonio)propyl]urea dichlori.de]
d. in general a polymer having a quaternary
ammonium or substituted ammonium ion.
The cationic polysaccharide class encompasses those polymers based on 5 or 6
carbon sugars and derivatives which have been made cationic by engrafting of
cationic
moieties onto the polysaccharide backbone. They may be composed of one type of
sugar
or of more than one type, i.e. copolymers of the above derivatives and
cationic materials.
The monomers may be in straight chain or branched chain geometric
arrangements.
Cationic polysaccharide polymers include the following: cationic celluloses
and
hydroxyethylcelluloses; cationic starches and hydroxyalkyl starches; cationic
polymers
based on arabinose monomers such as those which could be derived from
arabinose
vegetable gums; cationic polymers derived from xylose polymers found in
materials
such as wood, straw, cottonseed hulls, and corn cobs; cationic polymers
derived from
fucose polymers found as a component of cell walls in seaweed; cationic
polymers
derived from fructose polymers such as Inulin found in certain plants;
cationic polymers
based on acid containing sugars such as galacturonic acid and glucuronic acid;
cationic
polymers based on amine sugars such as galactosamine and glucosamine; cationic
polymers based on 5 and 6 membered ring polyalcohols; cationic polymers based
on
galactose monomers which occur in plant gums and mucilages; cationic polymers
based
on mannose monomers such as those found in plants, yeasts, and red algae;
cationic
polymers based on galactommannan copolymer known as guar gum obtained from the
endosperm of the guar bean.
CA 02333935 2008-02-27
'62301-2165
Specific examples of members of the cationic polysaccharide class include the
cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose JR 400 made by Union Carbide Corporation; the
cationic -
starches Stalok0 100, 200, 300, and 400 made by Staley, Inc.; the cationic
TM
galactomannans based on guar gum of the Galactasol 800 series by Henkel, Inc.
and the
TM
Jaguar Series by Celanese Corporation.
The cationic copolymers of saccharides and synthetic cationic monomers useful
in the present invention encompass those containing the following saccharides:
glucose,
galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose, fucose, fructose, glucosamine,
galactosamine,
glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, and 5 or 6 membered ring polyalcohols.
Also
included are hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl and hydroxypropyl derivatives of the
above
sugars. When saccharides are bonded to each other in the copolymers, they may
be
bonded via any of several arrangements, such as 1,4-a; 1,4-(3; 1,3a; 1,3;
1,3(3; and 1,6
linkages. The synthetic cationic monomers for use in these copolymers can
include
dimethyidiallylammonium chloride, dimethylaminoethylmethyacrylate,
diethyidiallylammonium chloride, N,N-diallyl,N-N-dialklyl ammonium halides,
and the
TM
like. A preferred cationic polymer is Polyquatemium 7 prepared with
dimethyidialkylammonium chloride and acrylamide.
Examples of members of the class of copolymers of saccharides and synthetic
cationic monomers include those composed of cellulose derivatives (e.g.
hydroxyethyl
cellulose) and N,N-diallyl,N-N-dialkyl ammonium chloride available from
National
Starch Corporation under the tradename Celquat.
Further cationic synthetic polymers useful in the present invention are
cationic
polyalkylene imines, ethoxypolyalkelene imines, and
poly {N[3-(dimethylammonio)-propyl]-N'-[3- (ethyleneoxyethylene
dimethylanrrnoniumo) propyl]urea dichloride] CAS Reg. No. 68555-336-2.
Preferred
cationic polymeric skin conditioning agents of the present invention are those
cationic
polysaccharides of the cationic guar gum class with molecular weights of 1,000
to
3,000,000. More preferred molecular weights are from 2,500 to 350,000. These
polymers
have a polysaccharide backbone comprised of galactomannan units and a degree
of
cationic substitution ranging from about 0.04 per anydroglucose unit to about
0.80 per
anydroglucose unit with the substituent cationic group being the adduct of
2,3-epoxypropyl-trimethyl ammonium chloride to the natural polysaccharide
backbone.
Examples arc JAGUAR C-14-S, C-15 and C-17 sold by Celanese Corporation, which
trade literature reports have 1% viscosities of from 125 cps to about 3500
500 cps.
11
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Still further examples of cationic polymers include the polymerized materials
such as certain quaternary ammonium salts, copolymers of various materials
such as
hydroxyethyl cellulose and dialkyidimethyl ammonium chloride, acrylamide and
beta
methacryloxyethyl trimethyl amrnonium methosulfate, the quatemary ammonium
salt of
methyl and stearyl dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate quatemized with dimethyl
sulfate,
quatemary ammonium polymer formed by the reaction of diethyl sulfate, a
copolymer of
vinylpyrrolidone and dimethyl aminoethylmethacrylate, quatemized guars and
guar
gums and the like. Exemplary of cationic polymers which can be used to make
the
complexes of this invention include, as disclosed in the CTFA International
Cosmetic
Ingredient Dictionary (Fourth Edition, 1991, pages 461 -464); Polyquaternium -
l, -2, -4
(a copolymer of hydroxyethylcellulose and diallyidimetlhyl ammonium chloride),
-5 (the
copolymer of acrylamide and beta methacrylyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium
methosulfate), -6 (a polymer of dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride), -7 (the
polymeric
quaternary ammonium salt of acrylamide and dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride
monomers, -8 (the polymeric 5 quaternary ammonium salt of methyl and stearyl
dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate quatemized with dimethyl sulfate), -9 (the
polymeric
quaternary ammonium salt of polydimethylaminoethyl Ynethacrylate quaternized
with
methyl bromide), -10 (a polymeric quatemary ammonium salt of hydroxyethyl
cellulose
reacted with a trimethyl ammonium substituted epoxide), - 11 (a quatemary
ammonium
polymer formed by the reaction of diethyl sulfate and a copolymer of vinyl
pyrrolidone
and dimethyl aminoethylmethacrylate), -I2 (a polymeric quaternary ammonium
salt
prepared by the reaction of ethyl methacrylate/abietyl
methacrylate/diethylaminoethyl
methacrylate copolymer with dimethyl sulfate), -13 (a polymeric quaternary
ammonium
salt prepared by the reaction of ethyl methacrylate/oleyl
methacrylate/diethylaminoethyl
methacrylate copolymer with dimethyl sulfate), -14, -15 (the copolymer of
acrylamide
and betamethacrylyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride), -16 (a polymeri c
quaternary ammonium salt formed from methylvinylimidazolium chloride and
vinylpyrrolidone), -17, -18, -19 (polymeric quatemary ammonium salt prepared
by the
reaction of polyvinyl alcohol with 2,3 epcxy-propylamine), -20 (the polymeric
quaternary ammonium salt prepared by the reaction of polyvinyl octadecyl ether
with
2,3-epoxypropylamine), -22, -24 a polymeric quaternary ammonium salt of
hydroxyethyl
cellulose reacted with a lauryl dimethyl ammonium substituted epoxide), -27
(the block
copolymer formed by the reaction of Polyquaternium-2 (q.v.) with
Polyquaternium-17
(q.v.)), -28, -29 (is Chitosan (q.v.) that has been reacted with propylene
oxide and
quatemized with epichlorohydrin), and -30.
12
CA 02333935 2008-02-27
62301-2165
An additional component which can be present but need not be present at all is
a
hydrocarbonaceous material such as a wax, petrolatum, mineral oil, beeswax, a
"permethyl" made up of longer chain branched hydrocarbons available from
Permethyl
Corporation. Permethyls are of the general formula
CH3 CH3
CH3 (-C - CH?- )n CH - CH3
I
CH3
where n can vary from about 4 to over 200. Products where n = 4, 16, 38, 214,
TM
respectively, are marketed as Permethyl 102A,104A, 106A and 1082A.
Additional hydrocarbonaceous material which can be employed include lanolins
and lanoleic like materials such as long chain alkyl esters and ethers of the
lanolins.
The petrolatum useful in the present invention can be any grade of white or
yellow petrolatum recognized in the art as suitable for human application.
Preferred
petrolatum are those with a melting point in a range of from about 35 C to
about 70 C,
preferably about 50 to 60 C. The petrolatum of the composition can include
hydrocarbon
mixtures formulated with mineral oil and/or in combination with paraffin waxes
of
various melting points; all in small quantities compared to the petrolatum. A
petrolatum
without additional materials is preferred. Examples of waxes, particularly
useful in solid
compositions are microcrystalline waxes, generally those waxes which are known
as
paraffin wax, beeswax, and natural waxes derived from vegetables, shea wax and
the like.
Other components can also be present in the composition. These components
include preservative(s), colorant(s), UV stabilizer(s), fragrance(s),
antibacterial agent(s)
and the like. Antibacterial agents include chlorhexidine, Triclosan,
triclorcarban and the
like at their typically used concentrations, i.e., about 0.1 to about 1.5
wt.%, preferably
about 0.15 to about 1.2 wt.% of the composition. When present in the
composition(s) of
the invention, there is a dual effect. Not only is there an inhibition of germ
attachment to
the skin following the skin cleansing but there is also the antibacterial
effect of the
antibacterial agents upon bacteria present on the skin during the skin
cleansing.
The preferred surfactant is an anionic surfactant such as soap,
alklyisethionate
such as sodium cocoylisethionate, a sulfonate, a sulfate (optionally
ethoxylated) anji the
13
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CA 02333935 2000-11-30
WO 99/62475 PCT/US99/11960
like. Mixtures of surfactants can be employed. There should be sufficient
surfactant
present to bring about a cleansing effect. The surfactant preferably anionic
or mixtures -
thereof involving one or more from the other families of'illustrated
surfactants
(amphoteric, nonionic and the like) with or without an additional anionic
surfactant, can
be present in the composition in various quantities. For example broad
minimums of the
surfactant can be present at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15 or 20 wt.% of the
compositions,
particularly where the aqueous composition is a liquid. With respect to
liquid, preferably
aqueous, compositions, the anionic surfactant is from about 2 to about 25 wt.%
of the
composition, specifically about 5 to about 20 wt.%. Other surfactants may be
present
such as an amphoteric, particularly a betaine, and a nonionic, particularly an
alkylated
polyglycoside. Their quantities are from about 1 to about 20 wt.% of the
coinposition.
Generally the total surfactant in a liquid composition is at least about 3 or
4 wt.%,
preferably at least about 5 wt.% and is generally no more than about 30 wt.%,
preferably
no more than about 25 wt.% but can be as low as no more than about 10, 15 or
20 wt.%.
For a solid composition, the total surfactant can be from about 60 to about 90
wt.%,
preferably from about 70 to about 85 wt.%, of the compasition. Soap can be
present at
about 15 to about 100 wt.% of the total surfactant. "Soap-bars" generally have
from
about 65 to about 90 wt.% soap therein with less than about 10 wt.%,
preferably less
than about 5 wt.% of other surfactant therein. Most preferably, there is zero
or zero to
about 2 wt.% of other surfactant therein Bars having a smaller quantity of
soap within
the disclosed range of soap usually have a mild synthetic surfactant therein
such as
sodium cocoyl isethionate at moderate to high levels.
The quantity of silicone component is at least about 0.01 wt.%, preferably at
least
about O.Iwt.%. of the composition. The maximum can vary but generally is not
above
about 7 or 8 wt.%., preferably about 5 wt.%, more preferably about 4.5 wt.% of
the
composition.
When using a cationic polymer in the composition, the quantity of polymer is
from about 0.01 to abut 3.Owt.% of the composition preferably about 0.02 wt.%
as a
minimum and more preferably about 0.03 wt.% as a minimum. The maximum is
generally no more than about 0.9 wt.%, or about 0.75wt.%, although lower
maximums
such as about 0.6wt.% can be employed.
Although not necessary but if present the quantity of hydrocarbonaceous
material
is at least about 0.1, preferably 0.5 wt.% of the composition. The maximum can
vary but
14
CA 02333935 2004-10-18
62301-2165
generally is not above about 7 or 8 wt.%, preferably a maximum of about 5 wt.%
or
about 4.5 wt.% of the composition.
The physical nature of the composition is not critical and can be a solid,.
liquid or
gel.
The inhibition of germ attachment to the skin is quantitatively assessed by
utilizing various bacteria in the protocol below. The ennurnerated test
bacteria are
employed. The number reflects the ATCC catalogue number:
10. = Staph. aureus 6538
= Staph. epidermidis 12228
= C. minutissimum, 23347
= E. coli 11229
= Serratia marcescens 14756
= Salmonella choleraesuis 10708
The test bacteria are radiolabeled in the following manner:
The test bacteria are grown in log phase in 30 ml of trypticase soy broth
(TSB).
Next day, bacteria are cetrifuged at 3000 rpm for 20 min at 4 C. The bacterial
pellet is resuspended in 20 ml of sterile saline and OD adjusted to 0.1 at 620
nm.
Approximately, 145 bacteria (0.1 ml) are inoculated in 5 ml of growth medium
(2
ml of Methionine assay medium+ 3 ml of TSB) for radio-labeling. Fifty
microliter
of 14C methionine (=5 uCi) are added into the tube and incubated ovennight at
37 C in a shaker incubator. Next day, the bacteria are pelleted by
centrifuging at 3
K rpm for 15 min at 4 C. This step is repeated for a total of three times to
remove
free 14C. Each time 25 41 of supematant and 25 41 of resuspended pellets are
collected in scintillation vials for activity measurement. Usually after 3
washes,
very little free activity remain in the supernatant.
Control for inoculum-25 41 of labeled bacteria are transferred into vials in
triplicate for input control.
The following soap bars are prepared having approximately 10 wt.% water and
1% of fragrance. The control soap bar of 1% fragrance, 10 wt.% water and the
remainder
essentially soap is employed. The quantity of soap in the test bars below is
reduced by
the quantity of silicone employed.
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CA 02333935 2000-11-30
WO 99/62475 PCT/US99/11960
Dimethicone of 1 wt.% from GE has a viscosity of 60,000 centistokes.
Product preparation:
5% solutions of the product are made in deionized water (weigh 5 g and
dissolve in 100
ml of deionized water by gentle heating).
Product application:
Soak cotton ball with the product solution and rub on a pig skin piece
approximately 2.5
cm obtained from the belly region for 15 sec and lather for 45 sec and finally
rinse for 15
sec in running warm (30 C) tap water.
Bacterial attachment:
Wait till no moisture left on the skin. Apply 25 l of labeled bacterial
suspension all over
the skin using a positive displacement pipette. Elute at 2 min after
deposition or after 30
min of deposition) with 0.5 ml of letheen broth three tirnes and collect in a
scintillation
vial.
Control for inoculum:
Transfer 25 l of labeled bacteria into vials in triplicate for input control.
16
CA 02333935 2000-11-30
WO 99/62475 PCT/1JS99/11960
The results below show the quantity of bacteria'.left on the skin sample(s)
following removal of the bacterial suspension after a contact time of 1-2
minutes or thirty-
(30) minutes.
TABLE I
aap treatment sec. acteria remainei attac e acteria remaine
Rubbing, 45 sec. Lathering, to the skin at 2 min. (%) attached to the skin at
30
Bacteria 15 sec. Rinsing) min. (%)
S. aureus Placebo 39,420 (16.9) 84,941 (36.2)
235,000 Dimethicone 1% 18,777 (8.1) 59,930 (25.6)
S. epiderm Placebo 24,822 (23.1) 30,940 (28.8)
107,506 D'unethicone 1% 19,222 (17.9) 21,294 (19.8)
C. minutis Placebo 61,950 (25.7) 104,895 (43.6)
240,000 Dimethicone 1% 35,025 (14.5) 56,340 (23.3)
E. coli Placebo 50,508 (19.0) 66,544 (25.0)
266,000 D'unethicone 1% 14,906 (5.6) 31,816 (12.0)
S. marcescen Placebo 31,892 (10.8) 61,368 (20.8)
295,000 Dimethicone 1% 12,760 (4.3) 13,888 (4.7)
S. choleraesu Placebo 12,574 (9.2) 13,912 (10.2)
236,000 Dimethicone 1% 7,096 (5.2) 12,232 (9.0)
The data clearly shows that the presence of silicone inhibits the attachment
of various
bacteria to the skin.
As well as the rinse off compositions, the effect of inhibition of germ
attachment
also occurs with leave on compositions such as creams, lotions, and the like.
These latter
compositions are characterized by the fact that they are intended to be left
on the skin for
an extended period of time as opposed to an ordinary cleansing composition
which is
rinsed off by water after a relatively short contact time ivith the skin.
After rinsing these
"leave on" compositions, inhibition of germ attachment to the skin occurs.
Desirable is
the inhibition of attachment of bacteria to the skin. There need not be a
surfactant in
cleansing amounts present in the "leave on". Below are exemplary compositions
of the
"leave on" compositions of the invention.
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CA 02333935 2000-11-30
WO 99/62475 PCT/US99/11960
ngre xent 11/0
Water 82.91
Dimethylpolysiloxane 0.5
Magnesium Aluminum Silicate 0.08
Glycerin 2.60
Glyceryl/PEG-100 Stearate 1.60
Sodium Cetearyl Sulphate 0.32
Cetearyl Alcohol 0.60
Mineral Oil-Light 4.00
Dimethicone 0.80
Petrolatum 1.00
Tocopheryl Acetate 0.50
Isopropyl Palmitate 2.60
Carbomer 2984 0.30
Deionized Water 1.00
99% Triethanolamine 0.30
Phenoxyethanol 0.15
Methyldibromo Glutaronitrile 0.10
Fragrance 0.30
Polysorbate 60 0.16
Vitamin A Palmitate 0.08
D Pantheno150-P 0.10
~,OÃIYOO
18
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WO 99/62475 PCT/US99/11960
CREXH-
ngre ien o
Water 80.60
Dimethylpolysiloxane 1.00
Magnesium Aluminum Silicate 0.10
Glycerin 2.00
Glyceryl Stearate/PEG-100 Stearate 2.00
Sodium Cetearyl Sulphate 0.32
Isohexadecane 1.50
Cetyl-Stearyl Alcoho150-50 0.75
Mineral Oil-Light 5.00
Dimethicone 1.00
Petrolatum 1.25
Tocopheryl Acetate 0.50
Isopropyl Palmitate 2.00
Carbomer 2984 0.36
99% Triethanolamine 0.36
Fragrance 0.30
Phenoxyethanol 0.15
Methyldibromo Glutaronitrile 0.10
Polysorbate 60 0.20
Vitamin A Palmitate 0.01
D Panthenol 50-P 0.50
;;.~o ..... .............:..... ......... .............
. .,.~:.:.. :.:::::.:...
I~OQ~.DO
The liquid compositions of the invention in either rinse off or leave on
formulations are oil-in-water emulsions. They, as well as the solid
compositions, perform
their inhibition of attachment of germs without any topically active drugs or
medication
present in the compositions, particularly those drugs or medications
associated with
relieving or minimizing conditions in the target group such as atopic
dermatitis, psoriasis,
immunodeficient conditions and the like. Examples of'such agents include
amcinonide,
diflorasone diacetate, hydrocortisone and the like for dermatitis; and
anthralin,
methoxsalen, coal tar and the like for psoriasis. Therefore, such topical
agents and
medications can be desirably left out completely from all the compositions of
this
invention or can be present in the composition in amounts which are not
sufficient to
perform their intended function with respect to the target group, particularly
those having
atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, immunodeficient conditions and the like.
19
