Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
CA 02343475 2001-03-30
. , ~ Atty. Dkt. No.: 627591340!
EASY GRIP PAINT APPLICATOR
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS '
[00011 The present application claims pri~arity under 35 U.~a.C.
~119(e1(if from IJ,S. Provisional Patent Applications Serial Nos,
601193,219 and 601269,381 entitled PAINT ACCESSORIES arid filed on
March 30, 2000 and February 16, 200'1, respectively, the full disclosures
of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION '
[0002) The present invention relates to ergonomically designed and
useful applicators for applying coatings such as paint, varnish, stain and
the like to walls or other surfaces, These applicators are configured to be;
held and manipulated more easily by a user when applying paint or other '
coatings, thereby reducing or delaying the fatigue of the user.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003) Conventional brushes used for applying paint or other coatings '
have essentially remained unchanged far many years. Figure 1 illustrates
such a conventional brush 510, which generally includes a wooden or
rigid plastic handle 512, ferrule 514 and brush bristles 516. Handle 512 ,
generally includes body 520, neck 522, and head 524.
[0004) The ferrule 514 retains the bristles and joins them to the handl~.
Ferrule 514 typically comprises a metal plate or band nailed, stapled or
riveted to and about head 524 of handle 512 and partially about brush
bristles 516. Ferrule 514 receives the axial ends of bristles 516, and
conceals glue ar other adhesive to hold the bristles in place.
10005] Although brushes such as those illustrated have been standard
in the field, they have numerous drawbacks that have been left
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unattended. Such brushes require the user to alter her hand from a
relaxed state (ar "posture") to a strained or flexed posture. (A relaxed '
hand posture is the typicaE posture of the hand when a person stands
with her arms at her sides and at rest. Even when work is being
performed, when in a relaxed posture, the person's hands resist fatigue.?
[OOOfi] Because tradesmen and do-it-yourselfers working with such
brushes often use these brushes for extended periods and over many
days, the risks of fatigue are substantial. ,As a result, there is a
continuing need for a paint brush that reduces or delays the onset of sUGh
fatigue. '
[0007] Prior attempts to solve this problem have met with limited
success. For example, the SupremeT"" brush sold by EZ Paintr included a
handle featuring an indentation for aiding th~ user in locating her thumb at
a place on the handle in a manner that was more like a relaxed hand
posture. While representing an improvemE;nt over conventional brushes,
this product still caused the hand to be in flexed, and therefore fatigue-
prane, posture.
SUMINARY OF THE INVENTION
[00081 The present invention comprises an applicator for coatings such
as paints, stains, varnish, and other such materials. The applicator may
be a brush, foam, ar other applicator as conventionally used for such
materials. According to the present invention, the handle of the '
applicator is adapted to be received in the hand of a user when the hand
is in a substantially relaxed posture, and supports the hand in the posture.
The handle of an applicator made according to the present invention also
may include visual or other aids to promote the use of a relaxed hand
posture to hold the applicator.
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BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF T'HE DRAWINGS ;
[0009] Figure 1 is a perspective view of a paint brush of the prior art.
10010] Figure 2 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a paint
brush of the present invention illustrating the brush being grasped in
phantom.
10011 ] Figure 3 is an enlarged fragmentary side elevational view of the
brush of Figure 2.
(0012] Figure 4 is an enlarged fragmentary top elevational view of the
brush of Figure 2.
' [00'131 Figure 5A is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the;
brush of Fgure 2. '
[00141 Figure 5B is a top elevational view of the brush of Figure 5A, ,
the bottom elevational view being a mirror image thereof.
[0015] Figure 5G is a rear elevational view of the brush of Figure 5A,
the front elevational view being a mirror image thereof.
[0016] Figure 5D is a right end elevatianal view of the brush of Figure '
5A.
[0017] Figure 5E is a left end elevational view of the brush of Figure
5A.
100181 Figure 6 is a perspective view of a third embodiment of the
brush of Figure 2.
i
100191 Figure 7 is a fragmentary sectional view of the brush of Figure B
taken along line 7--7.
[0020) Figure 8 is a perspective view of a fourth embodiment of the
brush of Figure 2.
[002'1 ~ Figure 9 is a perspective view of a fifth embodiment of the
brush of Figure 2.
[0022] Figure 10 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of the brush
of Figure 9 taken along line 10--10.
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[0023] Figure 1 1 A is a perspective view of a sixth embodiment of the
brush of Figure 2.
[0024] Figure 1 1 B is a top elevational view of the brush of Figure 1 1 A,
the bottom elevational view being a mirror image thereof.
t0025] Figure 1 1 C is a rear elevational view of the brush of Figure 11 A,
the front elevational view being a mirror image thereof.
[0026] Figure 1 1 D is a right end elevational view of the brush of Figure
1 1 A.
10027] Figure ~ 1 E is a left end elevation;al view of the brush of Figure
1 1 A.
[002$] Figure 12A is a perspective view of a seventh alternative
embodiment of the brush of Figure 2.
[0029) Figure 12f3 is a top elevational view of the brush of Figure 12A,
the bottom eievational view being a mirror image thereof.
[0030] Figure 12C is a rear elevational view of the brush of Figure 12A,
the front elevational view being a mirror image thereof,
[00313 Figure 12D is a right end elevational view of the brush of Figure
12A.
[0032] Figure 12B is a left end elevational view of the brush of Figure
1 ~A.
[0033] Figure 13A is a perspective view of an eighth embodiment of
the brush of Figure 2,
[00341 Figure 13B is a rear elevational view of the brush of Figure 13A,
the front elevational view being a mirror image thereof.
[00351 Figure 13C is a top elevational view of the brush of Figure 13A.
[00361 Figure 13D is a bottom elevational view of the brush of Figure
13A.
[0037] Figure 13B is a left end elevational view of the brush of Figure
13A.
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[00381 Figure 13F is a right end elevational view of the brush of Figure
13A.
(0039] Figure 14 is a perspective view of the brush of Figure 13A
illustrating the brush being grasped in phantom.
[00401 Figure 10 is a sectional view of the brush of Figure 14 taken
along line 15-~15.
[004'1] Figure 16A is a perspective view of a ninth embodiment of the
paint brush of Figure 2.
[00421 Figure 15B is a rear elevational view of the brush of Figure 1 t3A,
the front elevational view being a mirror image thereof.
[0043] Figure 15C is a top elevational view of the brush of Figure 16A.
[0044] Figure 1 fiD is a bottom elevational view of the brush of Figure
16A.
[0045] Figure 1 B~ is a left end elevational view of the brush of Figure
16A.
[004G] Figure 16F is a right end elevational view of the brush of Figure
16A.
(0047] Figure 17A is a perspective view of a tenth embodiment of the
paint brush of Figure 2.
[00481 Figure 17B is a rear elevational view of the brush of Figure 17A,
the front elevational view being a mirror image thereof.
(0049] Figure 17C is a top elevational view of the brush of Figure 17A.
(00501 Figure 17D is a bottom eievational view of the brush of Figure
17A.
[0051] Figure 17~ is a left end elevational view of the brush of Figure
17A.
[0052] Figure 17F is a right end elevational view of the brush of Figure
17A.
[0053] Figure 7 8A is a perspective views of an eleventh embodiment of
the paint brush of Figure 2.
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[00541 Figure 18B is a tap elevational view of the brush of Figure 1$A,
the bottom elevational view being a mirror image thereof.
[00551 Figure 18C is a rear elevational view of the brush of Figure 18A,
tf~e front elevational view being a mirror image thereof.
[0056] Figure 18D is a right end elevatfonal view of the brush of Figure
18A.
[00571 Figure 18E is a left end elevation~al view of the brush of Figure
18A.
[0055] Figure 19A is a perspective view of a twelfth embodiment of
the brush of Figure 2.
[0059] Figure 19B is a top efevational view of the brush of Figure 19A,
the bottom elevational view being a mirror image thereof.
' [0060] Figure 19C is a front elevational view of the brush of Figure
19A.
[0061] Figure 19L7 is a rear elevational view of the brush of Figure 19A.
[0062] Figure 19E is a left end elevational view of the bfUSh of Figure
19A.
E0063] Figure 19F is a right end elevational view of the brush of Figure
19A.
[0064 Figure 20A is a perspective view of a thirteenth embodiment of
the brush of Figure 2.
[0085] Figure 20B is a front elevational view of the brush of Figure
20A, the rear elevations! view being a mirror image thereof.
[0066] Figure 20C is a tap elevational view of the brush of Figure 20A.
[00671 Figure 20D is a bottom efevational view of the brush of Figure
20A.
[006$] Figure 20E is a left end elevational view of the brush of Figure
20A.
r0069] Figure 20F is a right end elevational view of the brush of Figure
20A.
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(0070] Figure 21 is a perspective view of a fourteenth embodiment of
the brush of Figure 2.
[0077] Figure 22A is a perspective viev~~ of a fifteenth embodiment of
the brush of I=figure 2.
(0072] Figure 22B is a front elevational view of the brush of Figure
22A, the rear elevational view being a mirror image thereof.
[0073) Figure 22C is a top elevationa) view of the brush of Figure 22A,
the bottom elevational view being a mirror image thereof.
[0074 Figure 22D is a Left end elevational view of the brush of Figure
22A.
[0075] Figure 22E is a right end elevational view of th$ brush of Figure
22A.
(0076) Figure 23 is a firagmentary exploded view of a paint brush
illustrating one possible method by which the paint brush of Figure 2 and
the alternative embodiments of the paint brush of Figure 2 msy be
rnanufacturEd.
[0077] Figure 24 is a sectional view of lthe paint brush of Figure 23
taken along line 24--24,
(007$] Figure 25 is a sectional view of the brush of Figure 23 taken
along line 24--24 illustrating the brush assembled.
[00791 Figure 26 is a fragmentary sectional view of the brush of Figure
24 taken along line 26--2fi.
I0080) Figures 27 and 28 arE fragmentary sectional views illustrating a
method 'for forming a paint brush such as the paint brush of Figure 2 and
alternative embodiments of the paint brush of Figure 2.
[0081 ] Figure 29 is an exploded perspective view of a paint brush
illustrating a method by which the paint brush of Figure 2 or the
alternative embodiments of the paint brush of Figure 2 may be formed.
(00$2] Figure 30 is a sectional view of t;he paint brush of Figure 29
assembled taken along line 30--30.
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[0083] Figure 31 is a sectional view of the paint brush of Figure 29
assembled taken along line 31--31.
[Q084] Figure 32 is a fragmentary sectiana) view of a paint brush
' illustrating a method by which bristles may be secured to a handle of a
paint brush.
[00851 Figure 33 is a sectianal view of the paint brush of Figure 32
taken along line 33--33.
DETAILED DESCRIPTIDN Of EMBODIIViENTS OF THE INVENTION
[008fi] Figures 2-4 illustrate one paint applicator (shown as paint brushi
610? made according to the present invention. Paint brush 610 generally
includes handle 6~ 2, internal ferrule 614 (ahown in Figures 32-35) and
brush bristles 616. Handle 612 generally iincludes shaft portion or body
620, neck 822 and head 624. Body 620, neck 622 and head 624 are
' preferably integrally formed as a single unitary body out of one or more
materials which are molded or co-molded together with one another. In
this embodiment, body 62Q, neck C22 antl head 624 are formed from
polypropylene. Alternatively, ather materials such as polyethylene or
nylon may be utilized. Body 620 comprises the elongate narrower portion
of brush handle 512 extending from neck X822 away from head 624.
(0087 hJeck 622 extends between body 612 arid head 624. Neck 622
preferably has a narrower diameter as compared to body fi12 and head
824. Alternatively, neck 622 may have a diameter substantially similar to
the diameter of body 612, yet narrower than head 624. '
[00$8] Head 624 extends from neck 622 towards bristles 616 and
generally includes faces or sides 62$, &30, spines 632, 634, mouth 636
and throat 640 (shown in Figure 32). Sides &28, G30 are substantially
identical to one another and extend opposite one another between spines
632, 634 from neck 822 to mouth 636. Each of sides 828, 630
generally includes thumb slide 640 and mound or hump 642. Thumb
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slide ~~-0 comprises a concavity or depression formed in each of sides
628, 630. As indicated by the contour IinE,s, thumb slide fi40 is generally
arcuate in shape along its front most boundary towards bristl~s 616 and
substantially extends from spine 632 to spine 634. Thumb slide 640 is
preferably positioned so as to receive the tip of the painter's thumb when
brush 612 is being held as indicated in phantom. Thumb slide 640 is
preferably axially spaced from neck 622 b~,r a distance slightly less than
the distance between the painter's "snuff Ibox" between the painter's
thumb and index finger and the tip of the painter's thumb. In this
embodiment, the forward-most portion of thumb slide 640 is axially
spaced from neck 622 by a distance of approximately 1.5 inches. The
forward-most portion of thumb slide 640 (i.e., the surface of thumb slide
S4Q most closely adjacent to bristles 61 B[ is spaced from mouth 636 and
the exposed portions of bristles 616 by a distance no greater than 2.25
inches.
[00$9] Hurnp 642 comprises a portion of head 624 with increased
thickness between sides 628, 630. Hump 642 generally extends from
spine 632 to spine fi34 between thumb sliide 640 and mouth 636. Hump
642 preferably has a maximum thickness or height intermediate to thumb
slide 640 and mouth B36 such that hump 642 has a rounded ridge fi44
ishown in Figure 17) while tapering on both sides of ridge 644. Ridge
644 is preferably situated so as to extend below tha distal most joint 646
' of a painter's fingers 647. Hump 642 preferably has an increased
thickness along ridge 544 such that the painter's fingers 647, when
positioned against either side 628 or 630 are slightly bent at the finger
joints in arcuate orientation.
[00901 Spines 632, 634 are substantially identical to one another and
extend opposite one another along the upper and lower edges of head
624 between neck 622 and mouth 636. Mach spine 632, 634 generally
includes support surface 648 and locator surface 650. Support surface
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648 (also known as camel back 648) generally extends from neck 622
forwardly past thumb slide 640 to locator surface 650, Support surface
648 arcuately ~extEnds from neck 622 fonrvardly towards bristles 616 sa
as to provide a surface upon which the painter's index finger may contact
and rest upon while the tip of the painter's index finger is positioned over
and against locator surface 650. Support surface 648 preferably extends
in a smooth arc between neck 622 and locator surface 650. In this
embodiment, support surface 64$ has an arcuate slope no greater than
45 degrees. In particular, the distance or the change in height dy over
the corresponding change in length dx between any two points along
support surface 648 has an absolute value less than ~ , where the change
in length is taken along centerline 619 of paint brush 6'f 0 and wherein the
change in height is taken with respect to 'the centerline 619 in the
direction indicated by arrow 62'1 . At the same time, support surface 648
is preferably rounded s0 a5 to smoothly blend into sides 628 and 630.
[p099] Locator surface 650 comprises a depression or concavity
extending along each of spines 632, 634 between sides 628, 630 and
slightly forward thumb slide 640 and slightly rearward ridge 644 of hump
G42. Locator surface 650 is located so a;s to overlap the axial ends of
bristles 616 and to also at least partially overlap internal ferrule 67 4.
Locator 650 is preferably spaced from mouth 636 by a distance no
greater than 2.25 inches. The forward-most portion of locator surface
650 is preferably located no greater than 0.75 inches from mouth 636
and no less than 0.125 inches from mouth 636. As a result, locator
surface 650 provides the painter with greeter control over brush 610. In
alternative embodiments where the ferrule overlaps the end of the handle,
locator surface 660 is prefierably no greater than 2.25 inches from the
end of the ferrule or the filaments. Locator surface 850 preferably has a
depth sufficient to retain the tip of the painter's indEx finger in place
during painting. The ooncavity or depression forming locator 650
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preferably has a front surface 654 (best shown in Figure 3? extending
between sides 62$, 630 and forwardly inclined to serve as a stopping
surface resisting the forward motion of painter's index finger. The
depression or concavity forming locator 6~~0 alst~ preferably includes a
rearward incline surface 656 extending between sides 628, 630 that
facilitates the painter applying a rearward force to brush head 624 with
his or her index finger,
[0092] Mouth 636 extends along a forward most end of head 624
between the outer surfaces of head 624 and throat 63$. Throat 63$
comprises an internal cavity extending fror'n mouth 63C towards body
620 and between sides 628, fi30. As willl be described in greater detail
hereafter with respect to Figures 23-25, throat 638 receives and retains
internal ferrule 614 as well as the bristle ends secured within the internal
ferrule 614. As will be appreciated, the size and depth of throat 638 will
vary depending upon the size of head 624, the size of ferrule 614 and the
volume and density of bristles extending therefrom.
(OQ931 Overall, brush 61 U is adapted to promote a relaxed hand posture
when being gripped. Brush X610 promotes a relaxed hand posture by
various approaches. First, handle 612 of Ibrush 61 C1 is specifically
configured to nest within the painter's hard when being gripped. In other
words, handle C 12 is shaped and sized so as to minimize gaps or
openings between interior surfaces of the user's hand and fingers and the
opposite surfaces of handle 612 such as body 620. In the particular
embodiment illustrated, the shape and dimension of handle 612 and body
620 is based upon anatomical dimensions of a human hand when that
hand is in a relaxed hand posture. For purposes of this disclosure, a
"relaxed hand posture" is the natural posture or positioning of the user's
palm, fingers and thumb when the user's arms are hanging along the
user's sides at rest and when the hand is in a relaxed state. Because
paint brush 61 O is specifically dimensioned and shaped based upon the
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anatomical dimensions of a human hand when in a relaxed state and
because body 620 is speci'Fically configured to nest within the user's hand
when being grasped, brush 610 is more comfortable and less fatiguing to
grip and manipulate as compared to brush 510.
[00941 Second, handle 612 includes a plurality of grip locator cues
which indicate proper gripping locations on handle G12 for achieving $
relaxed hand posture. These cues include thumb slides 640 and locator
surfaces 650. Such distinctively shaped surfaces indicate to an amateur
painter haw the person's fingers and thumb should be positioned against
handle 612. Such cues may be further enhanced by texturally distinctive
surfaces and visually distinctive color arrangements.
[00951 As shown by Figure 1, brush 516 has a relatively short head
524 to which is secured metal ferrule 514. Both head 524 and ferrule
514 include multiple flat surfaces bordered by relatively sharp and defined
edges. In contrast, brush 6'10 has a much larger head 624 which
provides a generally smooth and continuous outer surfaces against which
the painter may position his or her hand, fingers and thumb. Because
head 624 is larger and includes an internal cavity for receiving ferrule
614, the edges of ferrule 614 are nat exposed. Thus, brush fi10 is much
morE comfortable to grasp.
[0096] As further shown by Figure 1, head 524 of brush 510 is
relatively short and has spines 532, 534 that are steeply angled with
respect to neck 522. As a result, when brush 510 is grasped by a painter
as shown in phantom, relatively large gaps ar spaces 525, far example,
exist between the painter's index finger aind spines 532. Moreover, as
compared to brush 610, head 524 or bru:~h 510 is relatively thin, further
spacing the outer surface of head 524 and ferrule 514 away from the
painter's fingers. As a result, due to the (limited amount hand surface in
contact with brush 510, the painter must apply greater pressure by
squeezing harder to maintain a comfortable and secure grip of brush 510.
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(0097] In contrast, head 624 is larger and thicker. In addition, spines ,
532, 634 extend in a relativEly large arc to nsck 622 to enable support
surface 648 to remain in constant contact with substantially the entirety
of the painter's index finger. Consequently, head 624 fills the void or gap
left by brush 510. Because this gap is filled, a greater surface area of the
painter's hand remains in contact with head 524 to thereby lessen the
amount of pressure that the painter must apply with his or hsr hand to
maintain a comfortable grip of brush fi10. This is extremely important
when the head of 'the brush becomes slipFrery due to sweat, moisture or
, paint.
[0098) As Shawn by Figure 1, brush 510 fails to provide an amateur
painter with any positive identification ar suggestion as to where the
painter should place his or her fingers and thumb or as to how the painter
should preferably grip the brush. In contrast, sides 628, 630 include
thumb slides 640 while spines 632, 634 include IQCatofS 650 to suggest,
to an amateur painter how brush 610 should be gripped. Mare
importantly, such surfaces provide pasitiv~e stops to assist the painter in
maintaining his or her thumb and fingers in the proper location even when
slippery. Because thumb slides 640 subsl:antially extend in an arc
between spines 632, 634, thumb slides 640 allow for micro variations in'
pasitiorr by the painter to further reduce fatigue. Thumb slides 640,
locator 650 and hump fi42 also provide s~:op surfaces to enable to the ,
painter to push forward by further curling one's fingers in a
counterclockwise direction as Shawn in Figure 3.
[0099] Figures 5A-5E illustrate paint brush 710, an alternative ;
embodiment of brush 810. Brush 710 is similar to brush 610, but has
slightly more exaggerated contours to provide brush 710 with a unique ;
aesthetic appearance. Brush 710 is but one example of a visually
different paint brush incorporating the same besic advantageous features
of brush 610. For brevity of discussion, those functional features of
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,."
brush 610 which have been incorporated into brush 710 are numbered
similarly but with additional prime designations.
[Q100] Figures 6 and 7 illustrate brush 8'10, an alternative embodiment,
of brush 610. Brush 810 is similar to brush 610 except that brush 810 '
includes locators or side grips 840 in lieu of thumb slide 640 and includes
locators 850 in lieu of locators 650, Far brevity of discussion, those
remaining surfaces of brush 810 which substantially correspond to similaY
surfaces of brush 610 are numbered similarly with an added prime
designation to reflect that the exact shape may have been modified
slightly to vary its aesthetic appearance yet maintain its basic functional
qualities. Side grips 840 extend on bath opposite sides 828, 830 of
brush 810 proximate to mouth 636 prime. As shown by Figure 6, side
grips 840 comprise an inset layer of soft compressible rubber-like
elastomeric material such as SANT~PRENETM which is resistant to paint
' solvents and which is co-molded into opening formed in rigid core material
831 each of sides 828, 880. As a result, side grips 840 are preferably
fused to handle 8'12. Side grips 840 overlap internal ferrule 614 and
bristles 616, as well as the interior cavity fi38. Side grips 840 are spaced
from mouth 63G by a distance no greater 'than 2.25 inches. In this
embodiment, side grips 84Q have an arrangement of at least one color
which is visually distinguishable from non-grip locator portions $41
surrounding side grips 840. As a result, side grips 840 provide the ,
painter with multiple cues as to how he or she should grip paint brush
810. In particular, in contrast to the generally rigid material forming non-
grip locator portions 841, side grips 840 leave a soft elastomeric material
providing a touch cue. Side grips 840 may additionally be provided with.
texture or roughness distinct from non-grip locator portions, In addition,
' side grips 840 provide a visual cue to the painter as to whether he or she
should grip paint brush 810. The arrangement of colors may simply
comprise a single color distinct from the color provided to the non-grip
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locator portions 841 to form cues or may comprise multiple colors,
wherein at least one color is different from the colors chosen for the non-
grip locator portions, Furthermore, side grips 840 may be provided with
the identical colors as chosen for non-grip locator portions 841 where the
colors chosen for side grips 840 are arranged in a distinct pattern or
graphic representation. Side grips 840 provide a soft easily gripped
surface for the painter's thumb and finger, on opposite sides $28, 830 of
brush 810.
[0101 ] Locator 850 is substantially similar to locator 650 except that
locator $50 has an inset, preferably co-mt>Ided, layer of soft compressible
rubber-like material such as SANTOPRENETM. As with side grips $A.O,
locators $50, positioned an apposite spines 632 prime, 634 prime provide
a soft easily gripped surface against which the tip of the painter's pointer
or index finger may be pressed. In addition to providing a mare easily
grippable surface, grips 840 and locators 850 also encourage proper
gripping of brush 810. In particular, the soft compressible material used
to form grips 840 and 850 encourage the painter to position hislher
fingers and thumb on top of side grips 840 and to position hislher index
finger on one of locators $50. Brush 810 enables an amateur painter to
quickly and easily identify proper finger and thumb positioning by feel due
to the different compressibility and texture of grips 840 and locators 850.
In this embodiment, grips 840 and IQCators 850 are preferably provided
with a distinctive color from the remainin~l undesirable possible gripping
locations of handle 812 to provide the painter with an additional visual
cue as to proper finger and thumb positioning;
[O'102~ Figure $ illustrates brush 910, an alternative embodiment of
brush 8 9 0. Brush 910 is similar to brush 810 except that brush 910
includes side grips 940 and locators 950 in lieu of grips 840 and locators
850, respectively. Grips 940 and locators 950 are substantially identical
to grips $40 and locators $50 except that grips 940 and locators 950
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each additionally include projecting elastomeric or rubber-like ribs 957. In
addition, side grips 940 are also configured so as to be slightly concave.
The cavity of side grips 940 and the additional provision of ribs 957
provide the painter with enhanced grip of brush 910. In addition, the
parallel nature of ribs 957 adds to the sleek attractive design of brush
910 providing a unique aesthetic appearance.
(09031 Figures 9 and 10 illustrate brush 1010, an alternative
embodiment of brush 910. Brush 1010 is. similar to brush 910 except
that brush 1010 includes side grips 1040 in lieu of side grips 940. As
shown by Figure 23, side grips 1040 are each generally bulbous and
convex in shape along sides 928 and 930, In this embodiment, side grips
1040 are made from a soft compressible rubber-like efastomeric material
such as SANTOPRENE~'~' which is resistant to paint solvents. Side grips
1040 preferably overliE a hollow cavity 1057 such that side grips 1040
may be pressed inwardly or squeezed inwardly towards one another .
during gripping of brush 101 O. Upon release of brush 1010, side grips
1040 resiliently return to the original convex bulbous shape. Similar to
side grips 940, side grips 1040 encourage the painter to properly position
hislher fingers and thumb about brush 1010, Side grips 1040 are also
' preferably provided with a distinctive color to visually cue the painter as
to the proper positioning of hislher fingers and thumb. This variation in
color also adds to the aesthetic appearance and attractiveness of brush
1070 as does the symmetrical circular shape of side grips 1040.
[0104] Figures 1 1 A-11 E and Figures 12',A-12E illustrate paint brushes
1 1 10 and 1210, respectively. Brushes 1 "I 10 and 1210 incorporate some
of the same features of brush ~ 10 and also include finger positioning
cues, Portions 1 1 15 of brushes 11 10 and 1210 are formed from a soft,
compressible elastomeric material that is solvent resistant such as
SANTOPRENETM. This layer of SANTOPRIENETM overlays a rigid underlying
layer of material, such as polypropylene or polyethylene and is preferably
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co-molded to provide a continuous and relatively smooth outer surface to
each of brushes 1 1 10 and 1210, For brevity of discussion, those
structural configurations of brushes 1 110 and 1210 which correspond tv
brush 610 are numbered similarly except i;hat such elements additionally
include a double prime designation to reflE:ct the fact that minor changes
in the shape may have been implemented for aesthetic purposes while still
v maintaining the basic functional qualities.
[0105] Figures 13A-13F and 14 illustrate paint brush 1310. As best
shown by Figure 14, paint brush 1310 generally includes handle 1312,
internal ferrule G14 (described with respect to paint brush 610) and
bristles 1316. Handle 1312 is generally formed from a single unitary
body of material molded so as to have the: shape and configuration
shown. Wandle 1312 is preferably formed from polypropylene or
polyethylene. Handle 1312 rnay alternati~rely be formed from other
materials such as nylon. Handle 1312 generally includes shaft or body
1320, neck 1322, head 1324, mouth 13~?6 and throat 63$ (discussed
above with respect to brush 510). Body '1320 comprises an elongate
' narrow of brush handle 1312 extending from neck 1322 away from head
1324. Body 1320 generally extends along a centerline or axis 1327 that
is offset relative to the center line 1329 of bristles 131 G. In particular,
handle 1312 is offset closer towards the upper edge 1331 of brush 1310
to allow the painter to position his or her 'index finger along the upper
edge 1331 mare easily. Centerlines 132i~ and 1329 are preferably offset
from one another by a distance of between about 0.25 inches and about
1.25 inches. In this embodiment, centerlines 1327 and 1329 are offset
from one another by a distance D of approximately 0,55 inches.
(010fa Neck 1322 extends between body 1312 and head 1324. Neck
constitutes a juncture where head 1324 widens from handle 1320.
Although neck 1322 is illustrated as having substantially the same
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v diameter as body 1320, neck 1322 may alternatively have a narrower
diameter compared to body 1320.
(0107] Head 1324 extends from neck 1322 towards bristles 1316 and
generally includes opposing faces having ;ides 1328, 1330, upper spine
1332, lower fin 1334, mouth 1335 and throat 53$ (shown in Figure 32).
Sides 1328, 1334 are substantially identical to one another and extend
opposite one another between spine 1332'. and lower fin 1334.
[Q108] Spine 1332 extends along an upper edge of head 1324 between
neck 1322 and mouth 1336. Spine 1332 generally includes support
surface 1348 and locating surface 1350. Support surface 1348 generally
extends from neck 1322 forwardly substantially past lower fin 1334 to
locator surface 1350. Support surface 1;48 arcuately extends from neck
1322 farwardly toward bristles 1316 so as to provide a surface upon
which the painter's index finger rnay contact and rest upon while the tip
of the painter's index finger is positioned aver and against locator surface
1350. Support surface 134$ preferably extends in a smooth arc between
neck 1322 and locator surface 550. At the same time, support surface
1340 is preferably rounded sa as to smoothly blend into sides 1328 and
1330. Similar to support surface X48, support surface 1348 preferably
has an arcuate slope no greater than 20 degrees, in particular, the
distance or change in height dy aver the corresponding change in length
dx between any two points along support surface 134$ has an absolute
value less than one.
(1109] l.acator surface 1350 comprises a depression or concavity
extending along spine 1332 between sides 1328, 1330 and slightly
' , forward or over top a front portion of lower fin 1334. Locator surface
1350 preferably has a depth sufficient to retain the tip of the painter's
index finger in place during painting. The concavity or the depression
forming locator 1350 preferably has a front surface 1354 extending
between sides 1328, 7 330 and forward the incline to serve as a stopping
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surface resisting forward motion of the painter's index finger. Front
surface 1354 of locator 1350 is preferably spaced from mouth 1336 by a
distance no greater than 0.75 inches. In this embodiment, surface 1354
at least partially overlaps internal cavity 63$ or internal ferrule 6'14.
Depending upon the length of bristles 616'', surface 1354 may also
overlap the axial ends of bristles 616'. The depression or concavity
forming locator 1350 also preferably includes a rearward inclined surfac~
1356 extending between sides 1328, 1330 that facilitates the painter
applying a rearward force to brush head '1324 with his or her index finger.
[0110] Lower fin 1334 comprises a thinner portion of head 1324
extending below sides 1328, 1330 from neck 1322 and terminating just
prior to mouth '1336. Because lower fin 1334 extends to neck 1322, the
painter's thumb and lower three fingers including the middle finger, ring
finger and pinky, may easily reach and be2~r against the side surfaces of
fin 1334. Because lower fin 1334 is narrower than sides 132$, 1330, fin
1334 forms a shoulder surface 1359 extending between fin 1334 and
each of sides 132$, 1330. Shoulder surface 1359 provides a stop
against which the painter's thumb may press against. In addition,
because fin 1334 is thinner than sides 13:>_8, 1330, fin 1334 further
enables the painter's thumb to be positioned closer to center line 1329 of
brush 1310. It has been found that this further provides the painter with
an even more comfortable grip.
[C1111] Mouth 636 extends along a forwardmost end of head 1324
between the outer surfaces of head 1324 and throat 638. Throat 638 is
described with respect to brush 67 0 and receives and retains internal
ferrule 614 as well as the bristle ends secured within the internal ferrule
614.
[0112] Figures 16A-1 fiF and 17A-17F illustrate paint brushes 1410 and
1510, respectively. Paint brushes 1410 and 1510 are similar to paint
brush 1310 except that paint brushes 1410 and 1510 includes soft,
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compressible elastomeric layer portions as indicated by similarly shaded
areas referred to by reference number 1515. Elastomeric layer portions
1515 overlie a core of rigid material. In these embodiments, elastomeric
layer portions 1515 are co-molded with material 1517 which serves as
the underlying core material and which is generally flush with portions
1515 along the outer surface of brushes 1410 and 1510. In this
embodiment, the elastomeric material comprises SANTOPRENETM.
Alternatives to other elastomeric materials which are resistant to paint
solvents may be used. The characteristics of the elastomeric layer of
material and the co-molding processing itself are generally described in
U.S. Patent No. 6,138,313 filed on April 29, 1997, the full disclosure of
which is hereby incorporated by reference. The soft elastomeric layer
portions 1515 provide a soft outer comfortable grip for brushes 1410 and
1510. In addition, soft elastomeric layer portions 1515 also serve as
positive visual cues to a painter to suggest to the painter as to where and
how he or she should grip brush 1410 or brush 1510. Preferably,
portions 1515 are colored differently than the rigid material 1517. In
addition, portion 1515 also provide a textural cue as to where and how a
painter should grip brush 1410 or brush 1510. In addition to the above
noted functional advantages, elastomeric outer layer portion 1515 also
provides brush 1410 and brush 1510 with an extremely aesthetically
pleasing appearance. As will be appreciated, the precise extent of
coverage of portions 1515 and core material ') 517 may vary to provide
alternative aesthetic qualities yet maintain the functional advantages of '
portions 1515 serving as brush grip cues.
[Q713] Figures 1$A-1$E illustrate paint brush 1610. Paint brush 1610,
generally includes handle 1612, ferrule 614 tshown in Figures 32-35) and
v brush bristles 1816. Handle 1612 generally includes a bulbous portion
v comprising a sphere 1620 and head 1624. Sphere 1620 generally
consists of a ball or partial ball having a radius such that sphere 1620 fits
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within a palm of a painter's hand when brush 16117 is being gripped.
Sphere 1620 preferably has a spherical surface having a radius of
between about Q.5 inches and about 1 .25 inches. In this embodiment,
sphere 1620 has a radius of approximately 1 inch. Sphere 1620 is
affixed to head 1 fi24 at a distal end of head 1624. Sphere 1620 has an
axial end-most point 1625 spaced from mouth 1336 by a distance of at
least about 3 to 5 inches. Surface 1625 is preferably spaced from mouth
1336 by a distance na greater than about F inches. As a result, sphere
1620 fits within the painter's palm, while enabling the painter's thumb
and fingers to grip against head 1624. In this embodiment, sphere 1620
is formed from a soft, compressible paint ;solvent resistant elastomer such
as SANTOPRENETM. Although less desirable, sphere 1620 rnay
alternatively be formed from a rigid non-cc~rnpressible material such as a
rigid plastic. Sphere 620 is preferably fixed to head 1624. Alternatively,
sphere 1620 may be rotatably supported within a socket provided by
head 1624. Sphere 1 X20 provides a soft yet comfortable grip and fits
within a painter's palm to reduce painter fatigue.
[Oi i 4] Head 1 fi24 extends from sphere 1620 towards bristles 16'1 fi
and generally includes thumb slide 164p in each generally flattened side
of head 1624 and locator 1650 along the upper and lower spines 1632
and 1634 of head 1624. Spines 1634, 1 t~34 each further include a
landing or support surface 164$ which arc;uately extends from sphere
1622 and locator 1650. Support surfiaces 648 provide a surface against
which the painter's index finger may rest and press against when the tip
of the painter's index finger is positioned within locator 1650. Head
1624 is preferably formed from a rigid material such as a rigid polymer
such as polyethylene, polypropylene or nylon.
[09'i 51 Although not specifically illustrated, head 1 G24 may include
selected portions which are co-molded with an outer layer of soft,
compressible paint solvent resist2~nt elastomeric material such as
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SANTOPRENETM. Preferably, such soft elastameric layers would extend in
thumb slide 164 and thumb 1640 in that locator 1650, the pressure
points where brush 1 B1 Q is squeezed. !n such an alternative
embodiment, the elastomeric layers would also provide the painter with
positive visual and textural cues as to how brush 1810 should be gripped.
Such elastomeric layers would preferably be formed from different colors
as compare to the remaining non-elastomeric portions of head 1624.
j0116J As shown by Figure 1 SA and 18E~, head 1624 terminates at
mouth 133B which extends adjacent to internal cavity 63$ shown and
described with respect to Figures 23-25. As described with respect to
Figures 23-25, brush bristles 1616 are mounted within ferrule 614 which
is positioned within internal cavity or throat 638 of head 1624. As a
result, head 1624 is shorter in length yet provides thumb slide 1640 and
locator 1650 since a ferrule is not required 'to be secured to the outside of
head 164. In this embodiment, the forward-mast portions of locators
165D are spaced from mouth 7 33$ by a distance no greater than x,.25
inches. In this embodiment, locators 1650 are spaced from mouth 1336
by a distance of 0.3630 inches. In the preferred embodiment, locators
1650 overlap the internal cavity 63$ and the internal ferrule 614 (shown
and described with respect to Figures 19-2.~;), Surfaces 1650 further lap
the axial ends of bristles 1616. Because head 1624 is shorter in length,
the painter may grasp handle 1812 and head 164 closer to mouth 1336,
enabling the painter to have greater control aver paint brush 1810 and
further reducing the amount df force required to maintain a sure grip of
paint brush 161 a. As will be apprECiated, brush 1610 may have various
other aesthetic characteristics while still providing the noted functional
advantages.
I01 ? 71 Figures 19A-19F illustrate paint brush 2210, an alternative
embodiment of the paint brush shown in Figures 13A-13F and 14, the
paint brush shown and described with respect to Figures 16A-16F or the
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paint brush shown in and described with respect to Figures 1714-17F.
i Paint brush 2210 is similar to paint brushes 131 (~. 1410 and 1510 except
that paint brush 2210 includes elastameric portion 2215 overlying the
' rigid plastic material of the core (indicated by reference numeral 2217),
The configuration of the elastomeriG layer x>ortions 2215 and the nan-
j elastomeriG portions 2217 indicates to a painter where or how the painter
should position his or her hands about brush 2210. The particular
arrangement of layers 2215 and 2217 prwrides an aesthetically attractive
and appealing paint brush. In alternative brushes, layers 2215 and 2217
may have alternate configurations while stiill indicating to the painter
where the painter should place his or her hand. Moreover, in alternative
applications, the entirety of the handle of brush 2210 may be overlaid
. with an elastomeriG material ,
~Q'fi 18) Figures 20A-20F illustrate paint brush 2310, an alternate
' embodiment of paint brush 1610 shown and described with respect to
Figures 18A-7 SE. Paint brush 2310 is similar to paint brush 1610 except
that paint brush 2310 includes bulbous portion 2320 in lieu of sphere
1620, In addition, paint brush 2310 includes elastorneric layer 2315. In
contrast to sphere 1620, bulbous portian :2320 (as shown in Figure 51 ),
has a generally ovular shape arid extends genErally along an axis A1
which is downwardly angled from axis A2 which generally extends
i
parallel to the brush bristles or filaments 231 f (shown generally in
' phantom?, It has been found that this configuration comfortably conforms
to the painter's hand and natural grip of brush 2310. In particular,
because bulbous portion 2320 has an ovular shape (when viewed from
' the top as shown in Figure 20C1, the surface of handle 2312 between
portion 2320 and head 224 has a larger radius so as to more gradually
blend with head portion 2324 at blending bend region 2325. Because
bulbous portion 232p is generally flatter and less sharp along the point
where bulbous portion 2320 merges into head portion 2324, which is
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adjacent to bristles 231 ~, less open space exists between handle 2312
and the inner surface of the painter's palm or hand, providing the painter
with a mare comfortable grip. Because bullbous portion 2320 is angled
downward with respect to the center line of head 2324 or the line
generally extending parallel to the brush filaments, handle 2312 better
conforms to painters having differently siz~:d hands, When gripped
properly, the painter's thumb will be positiQnsd on one face of handle
2312 while the painter's middle finger will bs positioned on an opposite
face of handle 2312. The painter's ring finger is positioned in a less
pronounced locator 2350 along a top spine of handle 2312.
' [0919] Locator 2350 generally comprises an elevated ridge proximate
mouth 1336. The elevated ridge forms a slight indentation or recess into
which the painter's index finger may be located. The recess forming
locator 2350 is spaced from mouth 1336 by a distance no greater than
2.25 inches. Locator 2350 overlaps the internal cavity and internal
ferrule until cavity 638 and the internal ferrule 614 (shown and described
with respect to Figures 23-25). In the particular embodiment, locator
2350 further overlaps the axial ends of bristles 2316.
[0120] 1n addition to locator 2350, paint brush 2310 further includes a
natural bend region 2325. When gripping paint brush 2310, the painter's
pinky and ring finger preferably wrap around an underside 2327 of handle
2312 at the bend region 2325. The junction area or bend region 2325
forms a natural groove in which the painte;r's pinky and ring finger may be
located.
[0'I 21 ] As further shown by Figures 20A-20E, elastomeric layer 2315
extends along selected portions of handle 2312 which predominantly
came in contact with the painter's hand. In this embodiment, selected
portions of handle 2312 include non-elastomeric layers 2317 which are
generally flush with layers 2315 and which are preferably provided with a
distinct color from the color of layers 2315. Layers 2315 provide a soft
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surface against which the painter may grip handle 2312. The relationship
and configuration of layers 2315 and 2317 provides handle 2312 of
brush 231 Q with a unique aesthetically attractive appearance. (n
alternative embodiments, handle 23'12 may alternatively be entirely
' coated with an elastomeric layer 2315 farmed from such material as
SANTOPRENETM. Although less desirable, layer 2315 may alternatively be
' entirely omitted.
fQ1221 In this embodiment, bulbous portion 230 extends downwardly
along axis A1 at an angle between approximately 3Q and 60 degrees with
respect to axis A2. In the mast preferred ~.mbodiment, bulbous portion
i
2320 extends along axis A 1 at an angle of about 5i~ degrees with respect
to axis A2. In this embodiment, the distant-most surface 2327 of
' bulbous portion 2320 is spaced from end 2 325 by a distance of at least
1.5 inches and a distance no greater than ;3 inches. Surface 2327 is
further spaced from mouth 1331j by a distance na less than 3 inches and
j a distance no greater than 5 inches. Bulbous portion 2320 generally has
' a width W of at least 1 inch and no greater than 2 inches as shown in
Figure 20C. Bulbous portion 2320 has a length ~. no less than about 1.5
inches and no greater than about 3 inches as shown in Figure 20B.
[07 231 Figure 21 is a perspective view of paint brush 2350. Paint
brush 2350 is idenfiical to paint brush 2310, except that paint brush 2350
includes elastomerio gripping layers 2355 at particular locations along the
surface of handle 2312 to cue the painter as to where the user should
place his or her fingers when gripping paint brush 2350. In particular,
paint brush 2310 includes layers of soft compressible or rubber-like
material such as SANTOPRENETM at locations corresponding to locator
2350 and bend 2325. In alternative embodiments, paint brush 2350 may
be provided with elastomeric gripping layers in alternative or additional
locations corresponding to surfaces against which the painter should grip
' handle 2312 or apply directed pressure to handle 2312.
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[01241 Figures 22A-22E illustrate paint brush 2410; an alternative
embodiment of paint brush 710 depicted ins Figures 5A-6E. Paint brush
2410 includes a crater 2440 surrounded by a raised ridge 2442 between
v crater 2440 and brush bristles 2416, Crater 220 extends on opposite
faces or sides of brush 2410 and is sized t~o receive the painter's fingers
and thumb when brush 2410 is properly gripped. Brush 2410 further
includes elastomeric layers 2415 formed from a soft compressible
elastomeric material such as SANTOPRENE:TM. Brush 2410 also includes
portions 2417 which are not provided with an overcoating or overlayer of
i
elastomeric material. As a result, layers 247 5 provide the painter with
positive identification of where he or she should position his or her fingers
when gripping brush 2410. in addition, brush 2410 is provided with a ,
' ' sleek and attractive aesthetic appearance. As will be appreciated, layers
' ; 2415 may have various other shapes and ~:xtents of coverage while still
I indicating to the painter the proper positioning of the painter's fingers
and
thumb about brush 2410, fn alternative ernbodiments, the entirety of ,
handle 2412 may be overcoated with an etastomeric layer of a single ,
i
color or of multiple colors. In particular applications, particular portions
of
the elastomeric layer may be differently colored to provide the painter
with more specific guidelines as to the proper positioning of his or her
handle about brush 2410 when painting. Although less desirable,
el~stomeric layers 2415 may alternatively be replaced with a rigid layer ,
such as layer 2417 which may or may not be part of an internal rigid core
' ~ of brush 2410.
[0"1251 Each of the paint applicator handlles described hErein is
' ' specifically adapted to promote a relaxed hand posture when being
gripped. In particular, the handles are specifically configured to nest
within the painter's hand when being gripped, In the preferred
embodiments, the shape and dimension of the handles and the bodies of
such handles are based upon anatomical dimensions of a human hand
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when that hand is in a relaxed hand posture. As a result, such brush
handles are more confortable and less fatiguing to grip and manipulate.
[0'126] Moreover, such brush handles additionally include at least one
grip locating cue which indicates a proper dripping location on the handle
for achieving a relaxed hand posture. In particular, the handles described
utilize either texturally distinctive surfaces, visually distinctive color
arrangements or distinctively shaped surfa<:es to indicate to the user or
painter where and how he or she should position his or her fingers, thumb
I
I
and palm about the handle being grasped.
[0"1271 tn each of the paint brushes described herein which include a
soft grip covering, the covering itself is overlaid upon a rigid core. The
thickness of the soft grip covering wilt vary from a thickness of on the
order of from about 0.030 inches to about 0.125 inches. Below 0.030
i inches it will be difficult to push the material over the length of the core
through such a small space. If the cover nnaterial is thicker than about
0.125 inches the flow will be excellent, but the final structure may be too
flexible for easy use, and the cost would increase considerably since the
cover material is more costly than the material from which core is made.
More preferably, the thickness of the cover material should be on the
order of from about 0.050 inches to about 0.075 inches.
' (0128] The core material is preferably polypropylene. The preferred
over-grip or cover grip material is a thermoplastic elastomer (TPEf. An
example would be SANTOPRENE, which is a polypropylene based TPE
with vulcanised rubber dispersed in it. SANTOPRENE is solvent resistant.
In particular, SANTOPRENE is sufficiently 'resistant to the following
solvents so as to experience a weight change of less than 40 percent
following ASTM test procedure D-471: 9!3% Sulfuric Acid; 10%
I Hydrochloric Acid; 50% Sodium Hydroxide; 10% Potassium Hydroxide;
Water; Ethanol; n-Hexane; Methyiethylketone; Acetone; Mineral Spirits;
n-Octane; and n-Pentane.
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[0129] Since both materials of the case and the grip material are
polypropylene based, a better chemical andlor heat bond between both
substrates exists than there would be with dissimilar materials. It will be
understood that a bond may be formed by heat fusion or chemical
reaction or both heat fusion and chemical reaction depending on the
specific materials, times, temperatures and pressures utilized. Most
' preferably the cover is secured to care not only by the mechanical
', interlocks but also, to same degree, by a bond provided by heat andlar
chemical means.
[0'1301 Other materials could be used for' the core material, such as a
polyethylene with the Santoprene TPE over-grip. Both materials are in the
polyolefin family and would bond and work, but probably not as well as
the same material based components. Other base materials such as
blends of polypropylene and polyethylene could also be used.
(01311 Still other material combinations could be used. For example,
Krayton is a styrene based TPE which could be used. It would not be as
effective as Santoprene since the base material is styrene which does not
have nearly as good solvent resistance to paint solvents as does
Santoprene. It would be acceptable for lal:ex or water based systems but
not solvent based coatings. Polyvinylchloride (PVC1 can also be used but
like Kraytan the PVC has limited resistance to non-water based solvents.
A number of other oars arid over-grip materials could be used to make
this type of brush handle but the materials described above both have a
relatively high resistance to all paint solvents and a low manufacturing
cast for an integrally molded handle.
[0132] As mentioned, the foregoing description pertains to a two-shot
molded handle. Qther handle designs coulld also be used such as sliding a
premolded sleeve of a grip material over a core handle. A TPE, PVC,
polyester or urethane foam or even a rubber material could be slid over a
core handle. This slide on could be similar to a bicycle handgrip or it
i
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could be mechanically trapped in a recess but significant disadvantages to
said alternative processes exist to the point where the illustrated and
described construction is much preferred.
[013] Each of the paint 'applicators described in the present disclosure
is described as a paint brush having a plurality of filaments or bristles
arranged into a cluster and held together bar a ferrule which is received
within an internal cavity of a paint handle. In lieu of the aforementioned
preferred embodiments, each of the described handles may alternatively
be coupled to a pad. A multitude of paint applying media may be used
with the above-described handles so long as such media are capable of
absorbing or carrying paint; varnish, stains and other liquid coatings and
releasing such coatings upon a surface. In lieu of such paint applying
media being coupled to the handle at least partially by means of a ferrule
disposed within an internal cavity of the handle, such paint applying
media may be directly affixed to the handle by other structures excluding
a ferrule. In addition, the paint applying medium may be coupled to the
' handle by means of ferrule at least partially secured to an exterior surface
i
of the handle rather than being disposed within an internal cavity of the
handle.
[013A~] The paint applicators described ire the present disclosure are
intended to be held and manipulated more easily. According to an
exemplary embodiment, data relating to the size, shape, eto. of a
potential user's hand(s~ (e.g., "anthropomt;trics" data) may be used to
design and configure the paint applicators. Such anthropometric data
may be arranged to provide a range of values used to guide design.
According to an exemplary method, a range may be established from a
statistically small female hand (e.g., 5%) to a statistically large male hand
(e.g., 95°l0). Such data may be used to guide design (e.g,, the size,
shape, other dimensional characteristics, e;tc.? of the paint applicators.
Alternatively, such data may be used to establish approximate ranges
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from which further design modification may be made (e.g., base
preliminary design from anthropometric data and then make modifications
based an testing, prototyping, etc.).
(0'1351 For example, far paint applicator:. described herein having a
finger groove area (i.e,, an area where the user's index finger can rest on
a side of the brush (e.g" on the narrow sidle of the brush such as locator
surface 650 in FIGURES 3 AND 4)}, the anthropometric data ranges that
may be used for the feature are:
1. Length of index finger (range) ; 5 % femalE = 2.4 inches
i
i
95 % mate = 3.2 inches
2. Width at tip of index finger (range):
i 5 % female T 0.5 inches
' 95 % male = 0.8 inches
i [Q 7 36] Alternatively, for paint applicators described
herein having a
thumb groove area (i.e,, an area on the wide surface of brushes that is
recessed to accept placement of the user's thumb such as xhumb slide
840 in FIGURE 3}, the anthropometric data ranges that may be usbd for
the feature are;
1. Length of thumb (range}: 5% female = 1.8 inches
95 % male = 2.6 inches
i
Width at tip of thumb (range?; 5% female = 0.7 inches
95% male = 1.1 inches
~. Offset between finger pads and thumb (e.g., when hand
is in a gripping posture with fingers curved slightly), which is
shown generally as reference numeral 653 in FIGURE 4
' (range}: 5% female = 0.9 inches
95 % male = 1.2 inches
(0137] Alternatively, for a grip span (i.e", the distance between the
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u$er's thumb and fingers (e.g., for providing the depth of paint applicator
handle in the grip areas), which is shown generally as reference numeral
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I 651 in FIGURE 4), the anthropometric data range may be based on a 5
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I female providing 0,75 inches maximum grip span. As such, it is intended
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to position the thumb and finger joints in a "neutral" and comfortable
posture.
[013$] Alternatively, for paint appllcatars providing a mound, the
position (identified generally by hump B42) of the anthropometric data
i
ranges of the "mound" that may be used for the feature are:
1. Length of middle finger (range): 5% female = 2.$ inches
i
95% male = 3.7 inches
2. Length of little finger (range): 5°fo female = 1 .9 inches
' 95 °/a male = 2.8 inches
[0139] Alternatively, for paint applicators having a "ball grip," the ball
grip may be generally designed (e.g., with a diamexer 1521 in FIGURE
18B) for a statistically small female hand, which provides a range of 1 .0
inch to 1.5 inches in diameter (e.g., to maintain a neutral and comfortable
I wrist posture).
[0140] Alternatively, for paint applicators having a "ball grip ridge"
i
(shown generally having a reference numeral 1551 in FIGURES 18A and
1$C, e.g., near the applying media (e.g., bristles)1, the configuration and
j position of the "ball grip ridge" may be bared on ranges of finger lengths.
I Such ranges that may be used for the feature are:
I
1. Length Qf index f finger (range) ; 5 °~ female = 2.4 inches
95% male = 3.2 inches
2. Length of middle finger (range): 5% female = 2.$ inches
95% male = 3.7 inches
3. Length of tittle finger (range): 5% female = 1.8 inches
95 % mate = 2.8 inches
[0'14'1 ] According to other alternative arid exemplary embodiments, any
of a variety of data, ranges, percentile, and the like may be used to guide
the design of the paint applicators such as. those described herein.
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Additionally, such statistical and computational methods may be used t4
supplement other design and configuration techniques. Further, while
only a few paint applicators were referenced above, such design and
configuration techniques apply to other types of paint applicators
described in the present disclosure.
[0142] Figures 23-26 illustrate one preferred method far forming any
one of brushes 610-2410 in which ferrule X614 is secured within throat
i
638 of the particular brush head. Figure 23 is a perspective view
illustrating brush handle 1710, ferrule 638 and brush bristles 171 C
secured to ferrule E3$ prior to insertion of ferrule 63$ into throat 638 of
brush head '1710. Figure 33 is a sectional view of brush head 17'10,
ferrule 638 and brush bristles 1716 taken 9ines 33-33 of Figure 32. As
best Shawn by Figure 33, throat 638 includes a plurality of
circumferentially extending grooves 1720 formed therein. Ferrule 614
includes a plurality of outwardly extending projecting ribs 1724
corresponding to grooves 1720. During insertion of ferrule 614 into
throat 638, ferrule 614 flexes or is resiliently compressed so as to
position ribs '1724 in grooves '1720 and to thereby secure ferrule 814
within throat 638. As will be appreciated, the relationship between
grooves 1720 and ribs 1724 may be rewerssd whereby interior surfaces
about throat 638 are provided with ribs and whereby the exterior surface
of ferrule 614 is provided with corresponding grooves.
[0943 To enable ribs 1724 or the portions of ferrule 814 supporting
ribs 1724 to flex during insertion of ferrule. 614 into throat 638 of head
1724, ferrule fi14 is preferably formed from a rigid yet somewhat yet
sufficiently flexible plastic such as polypropylene. Alternatively, the
internal surface of throat fi3$ may be formed from a material that flexes
to allow insertion of ribs '! 724 into grooves 172Q. Furthermore, at least
one of ferrule G14 or the inner surface about throat C3$ may be formed
from a material which during some state, ouch as prior to completely
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cooling after being molded is sufficiently flexible to allow insertion of
' ferrule 614 into throat 53$. However, in a later state, such as after
either ferrule 614 ar the internal surface about throat 638 has completely
cooled, such material is no longer flexible whereby ferrule 514 is locked in
place within throat 638 of brush head 1724.
(0144 In an alternative embodiment, internal cavity or throat 538
includes a pair of opposing inwardly ~xtending surfaces provided by
grooves or teeth. Ferrule 614 includes a pair of opposing fingers or tabs
having a pair of opposing outwardly extending surfaces such as teeth.
During insertion of ferruie 614 into throat 63$, the fingers or tabs
i inwardly flex before reaching the inwardly extending surfaces. once the
' outwardly extending surfaces of ferrule 614 are positioned behind fihe
inwardly projecting surfaces (i.e., closer to the proximal end of the
handle), the tabs resiliently return towards their initial shape under load to
position the outwardly projecting surfaces in a locking relationship with
the inwardly extending surfaces to prevent withdrawal of the ferrule 14
from throat 538. As a result, the ferrule and the attached brush bristles
may be simply snapped into place within tha brush head. In one
particular embodiment, the ferrule provides an outer lip which engagEs
mouth 638 of brush head 3$ of the brush head and redefines a mouth
through which the bristles extend.
X0145] As best shpwn by Figures 24 and 25, brush bristles 1716 are
partially spaced from one another by spacs:r ar plug 72$ comprising a
cardboard, felt or plastic ledge and are secured to ferrule 614 by an
adhesive 173Q which preferably comprises an epoxy. Because of epoxy
do$s not bond welt with most plastics such as the plastic preferably
' , forming ferrule 614, ferrule 614 additionally includes dimples 1734.
Dimples 1734 are illustrated in greater detail in 1=figure 34. As shown by
Figures 33 and 34, dimples 1734 comprisa small pits extending into
ferrule 614 opposite epoxy 1730. The pits provide additional surface to
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~~ Atty. Dkt. No.: 627591340
which epoxy 1730 may bond to ferrule 614. In addition, epoxy 1730
' also fills dimples 1734 and, once hardened, further forms a mechanical
interlock between epoxy 173a and ferrule C14. Dimples 1734 are
' preferably formed within the interior surface of ferrule 614 by providing a
mold with protuberances corresponding to each of dimples 1734. Prior to
I
the material forming ferrule 614 completely hardening, the mold is
withdrawn, whereby the ferrule 614 resilie;ntty flexes outwardly to allow
for the withdrawal of the inner mold while preserving the formed dimples
1734. After withdrawal of the internal rnt>id, ferrule C14 is allowed to
i
complete its hardening. Alternatively, the internal mold may include
protuberances corresponding to dimples 1 '734 that are resiliently flexible
such that once ferrule 614 has hardened, 'the mold may be withdrawn
whereby the protuberances flex to allow tile withdrawal from the formed
dimples 1734.
[0'i4G1 Figures 27 and 2$ illustrate a method of forming a brush 1$10
having a throat 638 in which a ferrule 614 is positioned. Figure 36
I
illustrates a core 812 of brush 1812 including plug 1$14 and shoulders
1$16. Core 1812 is preferably formed from a rigid polymeric material
such as polyethylene, polypropylene or nylon. Alternatively, core 1812
may be formed from other rigid materials. Figure 27 further illustrates
ferrule 614 which is preferably formed from a rigid polymer or plastic.
Ferrule C14 includes an internal cavity 818 into which brush bristles 1816
are spaced from one another by a space or a plug 1$28 (a cardboard,
velvet or plastic wedge) and in which bristles 8'16 are secured to ferrule
614 by an adhesive 1830 such as an epoxy.
[01471 Ferrule 614 itself is preferably farmed from a rigid polymer such
as polyethylene, polypropylene or nylon. (Ferrule 614 preferably includes
mechanical interlocking members 1824 on its external surface, In this
embodiment, locking members 1$24 comprise externally extending ribs or
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projections. Alternatively, locking members 1824 rnay comprise grooves
or depression.
X014$] As shown by Figure 28, ferrule 614 is positioned $o as to
receive plug 1$14 or core 181 ~. In this embodiment, ferrule 614 is
secured to core 1812 by sonic welding or kinetic welding. Alternatively,
ferrule 614 may be secured to core 1812 by adhesives, by mechanical
fasteners or by fusing compatible materials from which core 1812 and
ferrule 614 are preferably formed. Although less desirable, ferrule fi14
' may be simply positioned over plug 1814 without additional securing
means.
[D149] C3nce ferrule 614 is positioned over plug 1814, an outer layer of
material ~ $30 is co-molded over both core 1$12 and ferrule 614.
Material 1830 preferably Comprises a soft, compressible elastomer such
as SANTOPRENETM. Alternatively, material 1830 may comprise a rigid,
relatively inflexible plastic. Material 1830 forms a mechanical interlock
with locking members 1824 to further retain ferrule 614 to core 1812.
[0160] Figures 29, 30 and 31 illustrate .an alternative method for
forming any of brushes E10-2410, Brush 1910 having a ferrule 1914
positioned within an inner cavity or throat 638 of a brush head 1924 is an
' example of a brush formed by the brush forming method. As shown by
I=figure 38, brush 1910 is preferably formed from a pair of opposite clam
shells 1912, 1914. Clam shells 1912 and 1914 are configured to mate
with one another and to capture ferrulE 1 KI14 therebetween within throat
E38 defined by opposite internal recesses in head 1924 of shells 1912,
1914.
[0151 ] Ferrule 1914 is substantially identical to ferrule 614 except that
ferrule 1914 includes two openings 191$ therethrough. Like ferrule 614,
ferrule 1914 has an interior into which brush bristles 1916 are spaced by
' a spacer or plug formed from velvet, cardboard or plastic and in which
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i
ends of brush bristles 1916 are secured to ferrule 1914 by means of an
' adhesive such as epoxy. '
t0152l As shown by Figures 30 and 31, shell 1912 includes a plurality ;
of hollow bosses 1930. Shell 1914 includes a plurality of plugs 1932
which correspond td bosses 193Q. As shown by Figure 39, when shells
1912 and 1914 are brought together, plugs 1932 and bosses 1930
project through openings 1918 and ferrule 1914, whereby bosses 1913
receive plugs 1932. Along the rest of brush 1910, bosses 1930 also
I
receive plugs 1932 tQ snap and retain shells 1912 and 1914 to one
another about ferrule 1916. Although bru:>h 1910 is illustrated as
employing bosses 1930 and plugs 1932 to secure shells 1912 and 1914
to one another, various other mechanical locking means and fastening
means may be used to secure shells 1912 and 1914 to one another about
ferrule 19 7 4.
(0'1531 Once shells 1912 and 1914 are secured to one another, shells
1912 and 1914 are at least partially covered with an overmold of plastic
material. Preferably, the plastic material comprises a soft, compressible
ela$tomer such as SANTOPR>=NETM. The plastic material serves to seal
the juncture of shells 1912 and 1914 as well as to provide brush 1910
with desired GontOUrS to insure comfortable gripping and the desired
aesthetic characteristics. Although less d~ssirable, brush 19'10 may
alternatively be formed without overmalding a plastic material over shells
191 ~, and 1914.
(0154 Although shells 1912 and 1914 are illustrated as being
permanently fixed or mounted to one another about ferrule 1916 by
means of permanent fasteners such as bosses 1930 and plugs 1932, and
by means of an overmold of plastic, shells 1912 and 1914 may
alternatively be releasably secured to one another by means of releasable
fasteners such as screws, push pin mechanisms and the like, In such an
alternative embodiment, shells 1912 and 1914 could be selectively
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separated from one another to allow replacement of ferrule 1916 and
' brush bristles 1916 attached thereto. In such an alternative embodiment,
ferrule 1914 and brush bristles 1916 would constitute a bristle cartridge.
When a particular bristle cartridge wore out, brush 1910 could be
provided with a replacement bristlE cartridge. Moreover, brush 1910
could be selectively provided with a bristle cartridge having brush bristles
1916 with optimal characteristics for a particular painting application.
[Q155] Figures 32 and 33 illustrate an alternative internal configuration
for each of brushes 610-2410 in which the bristles or filaments have ends
which are fused directly to the internal surfaces of the handle itself, rather
I than employing an intermediate internal ferrule. Figures 32 and 33
! illustrates a paint brush 2010 having such an alternative configuration.
I
1=figure 32 is a fragmentary sectional view ~of paint brush 2010 while
! Figure 33 is a cross-sectional view of paint brush 2010 taken along line
2-2 of Figure 32. Paint brush 2010 includes the handle 2012 and brush
filaments 2014. Handle 2012 includes a c,~ripping portion or neck 2016
which extends to a head 2018. Head 2018 provides a substrate surface
2020 to which filaments 2014 are fused. Head 2018 further includes an
integrally formed outer waU 2022 extending from substrate surface 2020
about ends of filament 2014. Surface 2020 preferably includes plateaus
2024 and 2026. Plateau 2024 surrounds plateau 2026 and is Itself
surrounded by wall 2022. Plateau 2026 extends upward from plateau
2024. Plateau is 2024 and 2026 support filaments 2014 at different
heights, enabling filaments having different lengths to be fused to head
201 S.
(0'15fi] Brush 2010 provides several advantages over conventionally
known paint brushes. First, because filaments 2014 are fused to surface
2020 of head 2018, brush 2010 eliminates the need for glue and the
glue's associated dry or cure time. Second, because filaments 2014 are
fused to surface 2020, brush 2010 includes different kinds of filaments
I
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CA 02343475 2001-03-30
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p which are precisely positioned along surface 2020, rather than the
random distribution of filaments in conventional brushes. Third, because
surface 2020 includes multiple levels of plateaus 2024 and 2026,
i filaments 2014 having different lengths malt' be used for different
stiffness characteristics. Faurth, because head 2018 of brush 201 C?
includes an integrally formed outer wall 2022 and plateaus 2024 and
2026, brush 2010 maintains filaments 2014 in a cluster without the need
for a ferrule. As a result, brush 209 0 is less expensive and complex.
' [0"157 Although the present invention has been described with
i
reference to preferred embodiments, workers skilled in the art will
recognize that changes may be made in form and detail without departing
' from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, although
different embodiments may have been described as including one or more
j
features providing one or more benefits, it is contemplated that the
described features may be interchanged with one another or alternatively
be combined with one another in the described preferred embodiments or
in other alternative Embodiments. Because the technology of the present
invention is relatively complex, not all changes in the technology are
foreseeable. The present invention descrikaed with reference to the
various embodiments and set forth in the following claims is manifestly
intended to be as broad as pos$ible. For example, unless specifically
otherwise noted, the claims reciting a single particular element also
encompass a plurality of such particular elements.
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