Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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PERFORATED SHEET OF MATERIAL
S
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates, to sheets o~ material preferably wet wipes
which are provided with an improved perforation configuration, which is easily
visible to the consumer and which' allows the wet wipes to be easily separated
from oneanother whilst not comprornising on strength.
Background of the Invention
Wet wipes are typically premoistened, disposable towelettes which may be
utilised in a variety of applications both domestic and industrial and perform
a
variety of functions. Wet wipes are typically used to wipe surfaces both
animate
and inanimate, and may provide numerous benefits such as cleaning, cleansing,
disinfecting, and skin care benefits.
One particular application is the use of wet wipes for wiping parts of the
human body particularly when wash water is not available, for example when
travelling. Wipes are commonly used for human cleansing and wiping such as
face and hand cleansing and anal, perineal and genital cleansing for example
as
intimate hygiene wipes such as feminine wet wipes. Wet wipes may also be used
for application of substances to the body including removing and applying of
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2
make-up, skin conditioners and medications. Another application of wipes is
during diaper changes and also for the treatment of adult and baby dermatitis
partly caused by the use of diapers and incontinence devices. In addition wet
wipes are also applicable for wiping and or cleaning other surfaces or for the
application of compositions to surfaces, for example kitchen and bathroom
surfaces, eyeglasses, shoes and surfaces which require cleaning in industry
for
example surfaces of machinery or automobiles. Wet wipes also include articles
used for the cleaning or grooming of pets.
Wet wipes are commonly constructed from combinations of synthetic and
natural fibres, such as polyolefin fibres, viscose fibres and cotton fibres,
which
are generally moistened with an aqueous composition which contains amongst
others surfactants, preservatives, oils and scents. The wet wipes are then
typically provided in a folded stac~Ced configuration within a covered
container
I s such as a tub-like container having a lid. Alternatively, the wipes may be
provided
in tub containers having a dispensing aperture. In both cases this allows easy
transportation and storage of the wipes. Typically the wipes are packaged in a
plastic foil in order to protect the wet wipes prior to use.
In order to aid dispensing and to allow the consumer to select the desired
size of wipe it is highly desirable to provide the wipes with perforations.
The use
of perforations is well known in the field of paper, tissue and towels. For
example,
US 5 704 566 discloses a roll of paper towelling to be dispensed from a
dispenser which may be separated into towelling segments by pulling along
perforated tear lines. The perforated tear lines comprise a plurality of slits
which
are longer towards the side edges of the paper than in the middle, to aid
dispensing.
Similarly DE 27 06 234 discloses the use of perforated lines of variegated
holes formed in a paper sheet, the diameter of which increases towards the
edge
of the paper so as to facilitate tearing of the paper by one hand.
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The use of perforations for wet wipes is particularly advantageous not only
in terms of dispensing, but also in allowing the consumer to select the length
or
amount of wet wipe material required to carry out a particular clearing
activity.
Thus for small and easy cleaning activities just one wipe can be selected,
whilst
for larger and dirty cleaning activities a number of wipes can be used. Thus
it is
not only important that the consumer can easily dispense the size of wipe that
is
required, it is also equally important that the perforations are strong enough
such
that they do not break or tear within a larger wipe during the cleaning
process.
This problem of perforation strength is further exacerbated upon storage of
the
wet wipes which has been found to generally weaken the perforation.
In addition another important factor with respect to the convenient usage of
such wipes, is that the consumer can readily identify the location of the
perforations in the wipe substrate. The visibility of the perforations is
related to
the length of the perforation or slit in the substrate; larger perforations or
slits
providing easy recognition by the consumer. However a problem with such larger
perforations is that the strength of the perforations is further reduced,
which is as
discussed above highly undesirable. This problem is yet further exacerbated by
certain dispensing methods. For example methods which result in continuous
dispensing through a container orifice whereby mechanical friction is utilised
to
dispense and separate the wipes.
It is therefore desirable to provide a wet wipe stacking configuration which
is
suitable for multiple applications such as baby wipes and hard surface
cleaning
wipes which are strong, soft, absorbent and provide improved cleaning. It is
further desirable to provide wet wipes whereby the wipe substrate is provide
with
perforated tear lines that are readily visible so that the consumer can select
the
desired length of wipe required and easily separate the wipes from oneanother,
whilst providing sufficient strength so that the perforation within the wipe
does not
tear or break during use.
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Summary of the Invention
The present invention hence relates to a sheet of material, preferably a wet
wipe for wiping parts of the human body such as baby wipes and other inanimate
surfaces. In particular, the present invention relates to a sheet of material
(1 )
such as a wet wipe, wherein said sheet of material comprises at least one
transverse perforation tine (20), said transverse perforation line (20),
having at
least one repeating perforation pattern (21 ), characterised in that each of
said
repeating patterns (21 ) has at least one primary perforation slit (22), at
least one
secondary perforation slit (23) and at least two bonded areas (24), wherein
the
length ratio of one of said primary perforation slits (22) to one of said
secondary
perforation slits (23) is from 100:1 to 1.5:1 and wherein the ratio of the
total
length of said bonded areas (24) ,to the total ~ngth of said primary (22) and
secondary (23) perforation slits of said perforation line is from 1:1 to 1:6.
Detailed Description of the Invention
Brief description of the figures
Figure 1 a: is a plan view of a sheet material, e.g. a wet wipe showing
the perforation line of the present invention.
Figure 1 b: Is a cross sectional side view of the sheet material of figure
1, comprising perforation line according to the present
invention.
Figure 2: Is a partial plan view of a sheet of material having the
preferred perforation line of the present invention.
According to the present invention the sheet of material comprises a
substrate which is preferably coated or impregnated with a liquid composition.
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The sheet of material may be woven or nonwoven, foam, sponge, battings, balls,
puffs, films, or tissue paper, most preferably a nonwoven and may be composed
or natural or synthetic fibres or mixtures thereof. Preferably, the fibre
compositions are a mixed of hydrophilic fibre material such as viscose,
cotton, or
5 flax and a hydrophobic fibre material such as polyethylene tetraphthalate
(PET)
or polypropylene (PP) in a ratio of 10%-90% hydrophilic and 90%-10%
hydrophobic material by weight. Particularly preferred compositions are 50%
viscose, 50%PP; and 50% viscose, 50 % PET; and 70% cellulose, 15% PET and
15% latex. The sheet of material preferably has a basis weight of at least 20
gm-
2 and preferably less than 150gm-2, and most preferably the base weight is in
the range of 20 gm-2 to 100 gm-2, more preferably from 50 grn-2 to 95 gm-2.
The sheet of material may have any caliper. Typically, when the sheet of
material
is made by an air laying process, the average sheet of material caliper is
less
than 1.0 mm. More preferably the average calipef of the sheet of material is
from
I S 0.1 mm to 0.9 mm. The sheet of material caliper is measured according to
standard EDANA non woven industry methodology, reference method # 30.4-89.
In addition to the fibers used to make the sheet of material, the sheet of
material can have other components or materials added thereto as known in the
art. The types of additives desirable will be dependent upon the particular
end
use of the substrate contemplated. For example, in wet wipe products such as
moist toilet paper, paper towels, facial tissues, baby wipes and other similar
air
laid products, high wet strength is a desirable attribute. Thus, it is often
desirable
particularly for cellulose based materials to add chemical substances known in
the art as wet strength resins. A general dissertation on the types of wet
strength
resins utilised in the paper art can be found in TAPPI monograph series No.
29,
Wet Strength in Paper and Paperboard, Technical Association of the Pulp and
Paper Industry (New York, 1965). Particularly preferred resins are polyamide-
epichlorohydrin, polyacrylamides, styrene-butiene latexes, dialdehyde starch
and
mixtures thereof. In addition to wet strength additives, it can also be
desirable to
include certain dry strength and lint control additives known in the art such
as
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starch binders. Furthermore, the material may also comprise agents to improve
the optical characteristics of the material such as opacifying agents, for
example
titanium dioxide.
According to the present invention the sheet may be produced by any
methods known in the art. For example nonwoven material substrates can be
formed by dry forming techniques such as air-laying or wet laying such as on a
paper making machine. Other nonwoven manufacturing techniques such as melt
blown, spun bonded, needle punched and spun laced methods may also be
used. A preferred method is air laying.
According to the present invention, the sheets of material are provided in a
stacked configuration which may comprise any number of sheets. Typically, the
stack comprises from 3 to 150, mare preferably from 5 to 100, most preferably
from 10 to 60 of sheets of material. Moreover the sheets may be provide in any
configuration folded or unfolded. Most preferably the wipes are stacked in a
folded configuration. In an alternative embodiment the sheet of material may
be
provided as a roll, which comprises a continuous material providing individual
sheets connected end to end by perforation lines according to the present
invention. The present invention will now be described with reference to the
preferred embodiment of the present invention namely wet wipes. However the
description is equally applicable to the alternative sheet materials and
configurations.
Each folded wipe 1 extends lengthwise in the machine direction from a first,
leading end edge 2, to a second, trailing end edge 3. The folded webs also
have
side edges 4 and 5 which extend lengthwise from the first leading end edge 2
to
the second trailing end edge 3. Each folded wipe 1 can include a first panel
fold 6
which is generally parallel to the leading edge 2, and which is generally
perpendicular to the side edges 4, 5. The first panel fold 6 is spaced
lengthwise
from the leading edge 2 to provide a leading edge panel 9 extending between
the
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first panel fold 6 and the leading edge 2. As used herein a panel is a portion
of
the wipe extending between two folds, or between a fold and an edge end.
The folded wipe can also include a second panel fold 7, and a first central
panel 8, and a trailing edge panel 10. The second panel fold 7 is generally
parallel to, and spaced lengthwise from, the first panel fold 6. The first
central
panel 8 is joined to the leading edge panel 9, at the first panel fold 6, and
extends between the first panel fold 6 and the second panel fold 7.
The trailing edge panel 10 is joined to the first central panel 8 at the
second
panel fold 7. The trailing edge panel 10 extends between the second panel fold
7
and the trailing end edge 3. The wipe is folded at the first and second panel
folds
6 and 7 to provide the leading edge panel 9, first central panel 8, and
trailing
edge panel 10, in a Z-fold configuration, as bestjseen in Figure 3a. In the Z-
fold
1 ~ configuration, panel 9 is adjacent to and overlies a portion of panel 8,
and panel
10 is adjacent to and underlies 8 portion of panel 8. However, other folding
configurations such as C folds or J folds configurations having more or less
panels are equally applicable.
Furthermore in addition to the panels described herein above, the wipe may
have additional panels. In particular, the leading edge panel and or the
trailing
edge panel may also be provided with an additional fold so as to provide a
leading edge panel lip or a trailing edge panel lip. Such a lip is formed by
providing the leading edge panel or the trailing edge panel with a panel lip
fold
which is adjacent to and spaced from the leading or trailing edge of the
folded
substrate to provide a lip extending between the panel lip fold and the end
edge.
The panel lip fold may be folded onto the lower surface of.the leading edge
panel
such that the leading end edge is below the leading edge end panel. This
configuration is particularly beneficial in facilitating grasping of the edge.
Alternatively, the leading edge panel may be folded such that the leading end
edge rests on the upper surface of the leading edge panel. The lip may also be
positioned on the upper or lower surface of the trailing edge panel.
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According to the present invention, the overall dimensions of the substrate
material is dependent on the intended application of the wipe and can be
selected accordingly. In one non limiting, illustrative example wherein the
wipe
may be utilised as a hard surface cleaning wipe, each folded wipe 1 can have
an
unfolded length of from 10 cm to 40 cm as measured lengthwise from the leading
end edge 2 to the trailing end edge 3 and a width of from 10cm to 25cm. For
each folded wipe 1, the lengths of the leading edge panel 9 and trailing edge
panel 10 can be from 2 cm to 7 cm. In a preferred embodiment the spacing
between the first panel fold 6 and the leading end edge 2 and the second panel
fold 7 and the trailing edge 3, is preferably from 3 cm to 6. The spacing
between
the first panel fold 6 and the third panel fold 12 and the second panel fold 7
and
the third panel fold 12 are preferably from 3 cm to 12 cm, and more preferably
between about 8 cm and 12 cm.
According to the present invehtion the wet wipes are provided, with at least
one transverse perforation lines (20). The perforation lines comprise
perforated
slits or cuts joined by wet substrate material in-between each perforated
slit,
herein after referred to as bonded area. The transverse perforation lines are
provided typically at regular intervals. For the unlimiting example described
hereinabove this will be from 9 cm to 20 cm, preferably from 12 cm to 16 cm.
It has now been found that the provision of the perforation line (20) with at
least one repeating pattern (21 ) as defined herein provides the wet wipe
stack
with easily visible perforations which are strong.
Accordingly, the perforation lines (20) comprise at least one repeat pattern
(21 ). According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention the
perforation line (20) comprises at least one repeating pattern (21 ). However
the
perforation line (20) may comprise any number of repeating patterns. Each of
said repeating pattern (21 ) comprises at least one primary perforation slit
(22)
and at least one, preferably from 1 to 20, more preferably from 2 to 10,
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secondary perforation slits (23). The exact number utilised can be readily
selected by the skilled person depending on the material substrate type and
use
intended provided that certain parameters are meet. The length ratio between
the primary (22) and the secondary (23) perforations slits from 100:1 to
1.5:1,
preferably from 50:1 to 2:1, more preferably from 25:1 to 2:1, most preferably
from 10:1 to 3:1. The presence of a primary slit (22) which is substantially
longer
than the secondary slit (23) provides an easily recognisable means for the
consumer to locate the perforation line along the wipe. The perforation slits
whether primary (22) or secondary (23) are separated from one another by the
wet wipe substrate material. This substrate material is referred to as bonded
area
(24). Typically the ratio of the length of one of the bonded areas (24) to the
length of one of the secondary perforation slits (23) is from 10:1 to 1:10
preferably from 5:1 to 1:5, most preferably 1:2 to 1:1. The exact number
utilised
can be readily selected by the skilled person depending on the material
substrate
type and use intended provided that certain parameters are meet. Typically
each
perforation line (20) comprises at least one repeating pattern (21 ), which is
repeated at least once, preferably from 1 to 50, more preferably from 5 to 25,
most preferably from 10 to 20 times, depending upon the length of the
repeating
pattern and the width of the wipe
It has been identified that in order to ensure the desired tensile strength of
the wet wipes, the ratio of the total length of the bonded area (24) to the
total
length of the primary (22) and secondary (23) perforation slit along the
perforation line (20) is from 1:1 to 1:6, preferably from 1:1.5 to 1:4, more
preferably from 1:2 to 1:3.5.
Typically the ratio of the width of the wipe to the length of the total bonded
area (24) along the perforation line (20) is from 10:1 to 1:10, preferably
from 5:1
to 3:1.
For the wet wipe of the unlimited example described herein above the
length of each primary perforation slit (22) is from 3 mm to 10 mm, preferably
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from 3 mm to 8 mm, more preferably from 3.5 mm to 6.5 mm. The length of each
secondary pertoration slit (23) is from 0.5 mm to 2.5 mm, preferably from 1 mm
to
2 mm. The length of each bonded area (24) is from 0.5 mm to 10 mm, preferably
from 0.5 mm to 3 mm, more preferably from 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm.
5
In order to provide the desired tensile strength, the perforation lines should
preferably exhibit a tensile strength of at least 0.7N/inch (0.28N/cm) to
5N/inch
(1.97N/cm), more preferably from 1 N/inch (0.39N/cm) to 4.5N/inch (1.77N/cm),
most preferably from 1.8N/inch (0.70N/cm) to 4.ON/inch (1.57N/cm) as described
10 in the EDANA 30 test method Gamed out on the material within 24 hours of
manufacture.
According to the present invention, the substrate material of the wipes is
typically impregnated or coated witJi a liquid composition. The composition
may
be aqueous, alcohol based or an emulsion, either a water-in-oil or a oil-in-
water
or a multiple emulsion, preferably tile emulsion is a oil-in-water emulsion.
Typically, the composition will comprise from 2% to 50% by weight of said
composition of actives and from 50% to 98% water, preferably de-ionised or
distilled. Of the active component, preferably 2% to 20% are present in the
oil
phase and the remainder are present in the aqueous phase.
The liquid composition can provide a number of different benefits when
released. For example, in wet-like cleaning wipes for perianal cleaning the
water
component is released and thereby provides the primary cleansing action for
these wipes.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the liquid composition
(preferably comprising water as a major constituent) comprises a disinfecting
component comprising an antimicrobial compound, preferably an essential oil or
an active thereof, and a bleach, preferably a peroxygen bleach. Disinfecting
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wipes comprising such a liquid composition provide effective disinfecting
performance on a surface while being safe to the surface treated.
By "effective disinfecting performance" it is meant herein that the
disinfecting wipes of the present invention allow significant reduction in the
amount of bacteria on an infected surface. Indeed, effective disinfecting may
be
obtained on various micro-organisms including Gram positive bacteria like
Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria like Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, as well as on more resistant micro-organisms like fungi (e.g.,
Candida albicans) present on infected surfaces.
Another advantage of the disinfecting wipes according to the present
invention is that besides the disinfecting properties delivered, good cleaning
is
also provided as the disinfecting polar phase r>~ay further comprise
surfactants
1 s and/or solvents.
An essential element of such disinfecting liquid compositions is an
antimicrobial compound typically selected from the group consisting of an
essential oil and an active thereof, paraben (e.g., methyl paraben, ethyl
paraben), glutaraldehyde and mixtures thereof. Essential oils or actives
thereof
are the preferred antimicrobial compounds to be used herein.
Suitable essential oils or actives thereof to be used herein are those
essential oils which exhibit antimicrobial activity and more particularly
antibacterial activity. By "actives of essential oils" it is meant herein any
ingredient of essential oils that exhibits antimicrobial/antibacterial
activity. A
further advantage of said essential oils and actives hereof is that they
impart
pleasant odour to the disinfecting wipes according to the present invention
without the need of adding a perfume. Indeed, the disinfecting wipes according
to
the present invention deliver not only excellent disinfecting performance on
infected surfaces but also good scent.
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Such essential oils include, but are not limited to, those obtained from
thyme, lemongrass, citrus, lemons, oranges, anise, clove, aniseed, cinnamon,
geranium, roses, mint, lavender, citronella, eucalyptus, peppermint, camphor,
sandalwood and cedar and mixtures thereof. Actives of essential oils to be
used
herein include, but are not limited to, thymol (present for example in thyme),
eugenol (present for example in cinnamon and clove), menthol (present for
example in mint), geraniol (present for example in geranium and rose),
verbenone (present for example in vervain), eucalyptol and pinocanrone
(present
in eucalyptus), cedrol (present for example in cedar), anethol (present for
example in anise), carvacrol, hinokitiol, berberine, terpineol, limonene,
methyl
salycilate and mixtures thereof. Preferred actives of essential oils to be
used
herein are thymol, eugenol, verbenone, eucalyptol, carvacrol, limonene and/or
geraniol. Thymol may be commercially available for example from Aldrich,
eugenol may be commercially available for example from Sigma, Systems -
Bioindustries (SBI) - Manheimer Ind.
Typically, the antimicrobial compound or mixtures thereof will be present in
the liquid composition at a level of from 0.001 % to 5%, preferably from 0.001
% to
3%, more preferably from 0.005% to 1 %, by weight of liquid composition.
An important element of the internal disinfecting polar phase is a bleach or
mixtures thereof. Any bleach known to those skilled in the art may be suitable
to
be used herein including any chlorine bleach as well as any peroxygen bleach.
The presence of the bleach, preferably the peroxygen bleach, in the
disinfecting
wipes of the present invention contribute to the disinfecting properties of
the
ropes.
Suitable chlorine bleaches to be used herein include any compound
capable of releasing chlorine when said compound is in contact with water.
Suitable chlorine bleaches include alkali metal dichloroisocyanurates as well
as
alkali metal hypohalites like hypochlorite and/or hypobromite. Preferred
chlorine
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bleaches are alkali metal hypochlorites. Various forms of alkali metal
hypochlorite
are commercially available, for instance sodium hypochlorite.
Preferred bleaches for use herein are peroxygen bleaches, more
particularly hydrogen peroxide, or a water soluble source thereof, or mixtures
thereof. Hydrogen peroxide is particularly preferred.
Peroxygen bleaches like hydrogen peroxide are preferred herein as they
are generally well accepted from an environmental point of view. For example
the
IO decomposition products of hydrogen peroxide are oxygen and water.
As used herein, a hydrogen peroxide source refers to any compound which
produces perhydroxyl ions when said compound is in contact with water.
Suitable
water-soluble sources of hydrpgen peroxide for use herein include
1 ~ percarbonates, persilicates, persulphates such as monopersulfate,
perborates,
peroxyacids such as diperoxydodeCandioic acid (DPDA), magnesium perphthalic
acid, dialkylperoxides, diacylperoxides, performed percarboxylic acids,
organic
and inorganic peroxides and/or hydroperoxides and mixtures thereof.
20 Typically, the bleach or mixtures thereof is present at a level of from
0.001
to 15% by weight of the liquid composition, preferably from 0.001 % to 5%, and
more preferably from 0.005% to 2%.
The liquid composition may further comprise a detersive surfactant or a
25 mixture thereof. Typically, the surfactant or mixtures thereof is present
at a level
of from 0.001 % to 40% by weight of the total internal polar phase, preferably
from
0.01 % to 10% and more preferably from 0.05% to 2%.
Suitable detersive surfactants to be used in the present invention include
30 any surfactant known to those skilled in the art like nonionic, anionic,
cationic,
amphoteric and/or zwitterionic surfactants. Preferred detersive surfactants to
be
used herein are the amphoteric and/or zwitterionic surfactants.
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Suitable amphoteric detersive surfactants to be used herein include amine
oxides of the formula R1 R2R3N0, wherein each of R1, R2 and R3 is
independently a saturated, substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched
hydrocarbon chain having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms. Preferred amine oxide
surfactants to be used according to the present invention are amine oxides of
the
formula R1 R2R3N0, wherein R1 is an hydrocarbon chain having from 1 to 30
carbon atoms, preferably from 6 to 20, more preferably from 8 to 16, most
preferably from 8 to 12, and wherein R2 and R3 are independently substituted
or
unsubstituted, linear or branched hydrocarbon chains having from 1 to 4 carbon
atoms, preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and more preferably are methyl
groups. R1 may be a saturated, substituted or unsubstituted, linear or
branched
hydrocarbon chain. Suitable amine oxides for use herein are for instance
natural
blend Cg-C1p amine oxides as well as C12-G~16 amine oxides commercially
1 s available from Hoechst. Amine dxides are preferred herein as they deliver
effective cleaning performance and further participate to the disinfecting
properties of the disinfecting wipes herein.
Suitable zwitterionic surfactants to be used herein contain both cationic and
anionic hydrophilic groups on the same molecule at a relatively wide range of
pH's. The typical cationic group is a quaternary ammonium group, although
other
positively charged groups like phosphonium, imidazolinium and sulfonium groups
can be used. The typical anionic hydrophilic groups are carboxylates and
sulfonates, although other groups such as sulfates, phosphonates, and the like
can be used. A generic formula for some zwitterionic surfactants to be used
herein is
R1-N+~R2)~R3)R4X-
wherein R1 is a hydrophobic group; R2 and R3 are each C1-C4 alkyl, hydroxy
alkyl or other substituted alkyl group which can also be joined to form ring
structures with the N; R4 is a moiety joining the cationic nitrogen atom to
the
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hydrophilic group and is typically an alkylene, hydroxy alkylene, or
polyalkoxy
group containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; and X is the hydrophilic group
which
is preferably a carboxylate or sulfonate group. Preferred hydrophobic groups
R1
are alkyl groups containing from 1 to 24, preferably less than 18, more
preferably
5 less than 16 carbon atoms. The hydrophobic group can contain unsaturation
andlor substituents and/or linking groups such as aryl groups, amido groups,
ester groups and the like. In general, the simple alkyl groups are preferred
for
cost and stability reasons.
10 Highly preferred zwitterionic surfactants include betaine and sulphobetaine
surfactants, derivatives thereof or mixtures thereof. Said betaine or
sulphobetaine surtactants are preferred herein as they help disinfecting by
increasing the permeability of the bacterial cell wall, thus allowing other
active
ingredients to enter the cell.
Furthermore, due to the mild action profile of said betaine or sulphobetaine
surfactants, they are particularly suitable for the cleaning of delicate
surfaces,
e.g., hard surfaces in contact with food and/or babies. Betaine and
sulphobetaine
surfactants are also extremely mild to the skin and/or surfaces to be treated.
Suitable betaine and sulphobetaine surfactants to be used herein are the
betaine/sulphobetaine and betaine-like detergents wherein the molecule
contains
both basic and acidic groups which form an inner salt giving the molecule both
cationic and anionic hydrophilic groups over a broad range of pH values. Some
common examples of these detergents are described in U.S. Pat. Nos.
2,082,275, 2,702,279 and 2,255,082, incorporated herein by reference.
Preferred
betaine and sulphobetaine surfactants herein are according to the formula
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16
R2
R1 - N+ - (CH2)n - Y-
R3
wherein R1 is a hydrocarbon chain containing from 1 to 24 carbon atoms,
preferably from 8 to 18, more preferably from 12 to 14, wherein R2 and R3 are
hydrocarbon chains containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, preferably 1 carbon
atom, wherein n is an integer from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 6, more
preferably is 1, Y is selected from the group consisting of carboxyl and
sulfonyl
radicals and wherein the sum of R1, R2 and R3 hydrocarbon chains is from 14 to
24 carbon atoms, or mixtures therepf.
Examples of particularly suitable betaine surfactants include C12-C18 alkyl
dimethyl betaine such as coconut-betaine and C1 p-C16 alkyl dimethyl betaine
such as laurylbetaine. Coconutbetaine is commercially available from Seppic
under the trade name of Amonyl 265". Laurylbetaine is commercially available
from Albright & Wilson under the trade name Empigen BB/L".
2U
Other specific zwitterionic surfactants have the generic formulas:
R1-C(O)-N(R2)-(C(R3)2)n-N(R2)2(+)-(C(R3)2)n-S03(-) ; or
R1-C(O)-N(R2)-(C(R3)2)n-N(R2)2(+)-(C(R3)2)n-COO(-)
wherein each R1 is a hydrocarbon, e.g. an alkyl group containing from 8 up to
20, preferably up to 18, more preferably up to 16 carbon atoms, each R2 is
either
a hydrogen (when attached to the amido nitrogen), short chain alkyl or
substituted alkyl containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably groups
selected
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17
from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, hydroxy substituted ethyl
or
propyl and mixtures thereof, preferably methyl, each R3 is selected from the
group consisting of hydrogen and hydroxy groups and each n is a number from 1
to 4, preferably from 2 to 3, more preferably 3, with no more than one hydroxy
group in any (C(R3)2) moiety. The R1 groups can be branched and/or
unsaturated. The R2 groups can also be connected to form ring structures. A
surfactant of this type is a C10-C14 fatty acylamidopropylene-
(hydroxypropylene)sulfobetaine that is available from the Sherex Company under
the trade name "Varion CAS sulfobetaine"".
Suitable nonionic surfactants to be used herein are fatty alcohol ethoxylates
and/or propoxylates which are commercially available with a variety of fatty
alcohol chain lengths and a variety of ethoxyldtion degrees. Indeed, the HLB
values of such alkoxylated nonionic surfactants depend essentially on the
chain
1 s length of the fatty alcohol, the nature of the alkoxylation and the degree
of
alkoxylation. Surfactant catalogues are available which list a number of
surfactants, including nonionics, together with their respective HLB values.
Particularly suitable for use herein as nonionic surfactants are the
hydrophobic nonionic surfactants having an HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic
balance)
below 16 and more preferably below 15. Those hydrophobic nonionic surfactants
have been found to provide good grease cutting properties.
Preferred nonionic surfactants for use herein are nonionic surfactants
according to the formula RO-(C2H40)n(C3Hg0)mH, wherein R is a Cg to C22
alkyl chain or a C6 to C2g alkyl benzene chain, and wherein n+m is from 0 to
20
and n is from 0 to 15 and m is from 0 to 20, preferably n+m is from 1 to 15
and, n
and m are from 0.5 to 15, more preferably n+m is from 1 to 10 and, n and m are
from 0 to 10. The preferred R chains for use herein are the Cg to C22 alkyl
chains. Accordingly, suitable hydrophobic nonionic surfactants for use herein
are
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18
Dobanol R 91-2.5 (HLB= 8.1; R is a mixture of Cg and C11 alkyl chains, n is
2.5
and m is 0), or Lutensol R T03 (HLB=8; R is a C13 alkyl chains, n is 3 and m
is
0), or Lutensol R A03 (HLB=8; R is a mixture of C13 and C15 alkyl chains, n is
3
and m is 0), or Tergitol R 25L3 (HLB= 7.7; R is in the range of C12 to C15
alkyl
chain length, n is 3 and m is 0), or Dobanol R 23-3 (HLB=8.1; R is a mixture
of
C12 and C13 alkyl chains, n is 3 and m is 0), or Dobanol R 23-2 (HLB=6.2; R is
a mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl chains, n is 2 and m is 0), or Dobanol R 45-7
(HLB=11.6; R is a mixture of C14 and C15 alkyl chains, n is 7 and m is 0)
Dobanol R 23-6.5 (HLB=11.9; R is a mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl chains, n is
6.5 and m is 0), or Dobanol R 25-7 (HLB=12; R is a mixture of C12 and C15
alkyl
chains, n is 7 and m is 0), or Dobanol R 91-5 (HLB=11.6; R is a mixture of Cg
and C11 alkyl chains, n is 5 and m is 0), or Dobanol R 91-6 (HLB=12.5; R is a
mixture of Cg and C11 alkyl chains, n is 6 arid m is 0), or Dobanol R 91-8
(HLB=13.7; R is a mixture of Cg, and C11 alkyl chains, n is 8 and m is 0),
1 ~ Dobanol R 91-10 (HLB=14.2; R is a mixture of Cg to C11 alkyl chains, n is
10
and m is 0), or mixtures thereof. Preferred herein are Dobanol R 91-2.5, or
Lutensol R T03, or Lutensol R A03, or Tergitol R 25L3, or Dobanol R 23-3, or
Dobanol R 23-2, or Dobanol R 23-10, or mixtures thereof. DobanolR surfactants
are commercially available from SHELL. LutensolR surfactants are commercially
available from BASF and the Tergitol R surfactants are commercially available
from UNION CARBIDE.
Suitable anionic surfactants to be used herein include water soluble salts or
acids of the formula ROS03M wherein R is preferably a Cg-C24 hydrocarbyl,
preferably an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl having a Cg-C20 alkyl component, more
preferably a Cg-C1g alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, and M is H or a cation, e.g., an
alkali
metal cation (e.g., sodium, potassium, lithium), or ammonium or substituted
ammonium (e.g., methyl-, dimethyl-, and trimethyl ammonium cations and
quaternary ammonium cations, such as tetramethyl-ammonium and dimethyl
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19
piperdinium cations and quaternary ammonium cations derived from alkylamines
such as ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, and mixtures thereof, and the
like).
Other suitable anionic surfactants to be used herein include alkyl-diphenyl-
ether-sulphonates and alkyl-carboxylates. Other anionic surfactants can
include
salts (including, for example, sodium, potassium, ammonium, and substituted
ammonium salts such as mono-, di- and triethanolamine salts) of soap, Cg-C20
linear alkylbenzenesulfonates, Cg-C22 primary or secondary alkanesulfonates,
l0 Cg-C24 olefinsulfonates, sulfonated polycarboxylic acids prepared by
sulfonation
of the pyrolyzed product of alkaline earth metal citrates, e.g., as described
in
British patent specification No. 1,082,179, Cg-C24
alkylpolyglycolethersulfates
(containing up to 10 moles of ethylene oxide); alkyl ester sulfonates such as
C14-
16 methyl ester sulfonates; acyl glycerol sulfonates, fatty oleyl glycerol
sulfates,
1, alkyl phenol ethylene oxide ether sulfates, paraffin sulfonates, alkyl
phosphates,
isethionates such as the acyl isethionates, N-acyl taurates, alkyl
succinamates
and sulfosuccinates, monoesters of sulfosuccinate (especially saturated and
unsaturated C12-C1g monoesters) diesters of sulfosuccinate (especially
saturated and unsaturated C6-C14 diesters), acyl sarcosinates, sulfates of
20 alkylpolysaccharides such as the sulfates of alkylpolyglucoside (the
nonionic
nonsulfated compounds being described below), branched primary alkyl sulfates,
alkyl polyethoxy carboxylates such as those of the formula
RO(CH2CH20)kCH2C00-M+ wherein R is a Cg-C22 alkyl, k is an integer from 0
to 10, and M is a soluble salt-forming cation. Resin acids and hydrogenated
25 resin acids are also suitable, such as rosin, hydrogenated rosin, and resin
acids
and hydrogenated resin acids present in or derived from tall oil. Further
examples
are given in "Surface Active Agents and Detergents" (Vol. I and II by
Schwartz,
Perry and Berch). A variety of such surfactants are also generally disclosed
in
U.S. Patent 3,929,678, issued December 30, 1975 to Laughlin, et al. at Column
30 23, line 58 through Column 29, line 23 (herein incorporated by reference).
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Preferred anionic surfactants for use herein are the alkyl benzene
sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl alkoxylated sulfates, paraffin sulfonates
and
mixtures thereof.
5
The internal disinfecting polar phase according to the present invention has
a pH of from 1 to 12, preferably from 1.5 to 10, and more preferably from 2 to
9.
The pH can be adjusted by using alkalinizing agents or acidifying agents.
Examples of alkalinizing agents are alkali metal hydroxides, such as potassium
10 and/or sodium hydroxide, or alkali metal oxides such as sodium and/or
potassium oxide. Examples of acidifying agents are organic or inorganic acids
such as citric or sulfuric acid.
Solvents may be present in tfle liquid composition according to the present
invention. These solvents will, advantageously, give an enhanced cleaning to
the
disinfecting wipes of the present Invention. Suitable solvents for
incorporation
herein include ~ propylene glycol derivatives such as n-butoxypropanol or n-
butoxypropoxypropanol, water-soluble CARBITOL, solvents or water-soluble
CELLOSOLVE, solvents. Water-soluble CARBITOL, solvents are compounds of
20 the 2-(2-alkoxyethoxy)ethanol class wherein the alkoxy group is derived
from
ethyl, propyl or butyl. A preferred water-soluble carbitol is 2-(2-
butoxyethoxy)ethanol also known as butyl carbitol. Water-soluble CELLOSOLVE,
solvents are compounds of the 2-alkoxyethoxyethanol class, with 2-
butoxyethoxyethanol being preferred. Other suitable solvents are benzyl
alcohol,
methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and diols such as 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol
and 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol and mixture thereof. Preferred solvents
for
use herein are n-butoxypropoxypropanol, butyl carbitol, and mixtures thereof.
A
most preferred solvent for use herein is butyl carbitol.
The liquid composition may further comprise other optional ingredients
including radical scavengers, chelating agents, thickeners, builders, buffers,
stabilizers, bleach activators, soil suspenders, dye transfer agents,
brighteners,
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21
anti dusting agents, enzymes, dispersant, dye transfer inhibitors, pigments,
perfumes, and dyes and the like.
Suitable radical scavengers for use herein include the well-known
substituted mono and di hydroxy benzenes and derivatives thereof, alkyl- and
aryl carboxylates and mixtures thereof. Preferred radical scavengers for use
herein include di-tert-butyl hydroxy toluene (BHT), p-hydroxy-toluene,
hydroquinone (HQ), di-tert-butyl hydroquinone (DTBHQ), mono-tert-butyl
hydroquinone (MTBHQ), tert-butyl-hydroxy anysole, p-hydroxy-anysol, benzoic
acid, 2,5-dihydroxy benzoic acid, 2,5-dihydroxyterephtalic acid, toluic acid,
catechol, t-butyl catechol, 4-allyl-catechol, 4-acetyl catechol, 2-methoxy-
phenol,
2-ethoxy-phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)phenol, 3,4-dihydroxy benzaldehyde,
2,3-dihydroxy benzaldehyde, benzylamine, 1,1,3-tris(2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-t-
butylphenyl) butane, tert-butyl-hyd~oxy-anyline, ~-hydroxy anyline as well as
n-
propyl-gallate. Highly preferred foi- use herein is di-tert-butyl hydroxy
toluene,
which is for example commercially'available from SHELL under the trade name
IONOL CP"
Typically, the radical scavenger, or a mixture thereof, is present in the
liquid
composition up to a level of 5% by weight, preferably from 0.001 % to 3% by
weight, and more preferably from 0.001 % to 1.5%.
Suitable chelating agents to be used herein may be any chelating agent
known to those skilled in the art such as the ones selected from the group
consisting of phosphonate chelating agents, amino carboxylate chelating agents
or other carboxylate chelating agents, or polyfunctionally-substituted
aromatic
chelating agents and mixtures thereof.
Such phosphonate chelating agents may include etidronic acid (1-
hydroxyethylidene-bisphosphonic acid or HEDP) as well as amino phosphonate
compounds, including amino alkylene poly (alkylene phosphonate), alkali metal
ethane 1-hydroxy diphosphonates, nitrilo tfimethylene phosphonates, ethylene
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22
diamine tetra methylene phosphonates, and diethylene triamine penta methylene
phosphonates. The phosphonate compounds may be present either in their acid
form or as salts of different cations on some or all of their acid
functionalities.
Preferred phosphonate chelating agents to be used herein are diethylene
triamine penta methylene phosphonates. Such phosphonate chelating agents
are commercially available from Monsanto under the trade name DEQUEST.
Polyfunctionally-substituted aromatic chelating agents may also be useful
herein. See U.S. Patent 3,812,044, issued May 21, 1974, to Connor et al.
Preferred compounds of this type in acid form are dihydroxydisulfobenzenes
such as 1,2-dihydroxy -3,5-disulfobenzene.
A preferred biodegradable chelating agent for use herein is ethylene
diamine N,N'- disuccinic acid, or ~Ikali metal, ~r alkaline earth, ammonium or
substitutes ammonium salts thereof or mixtures thereof. Ethylenediamine N,N'-
disuccinic acids, especially the (S,S) isomer have been extensively described
in
US patent 4, 704, 233, November 3, 1987 to Hartman and Perkins.
Ethylenediamine N,N'- disuccinic acid is, for instance, commercially available
under the tradename ssEDDS, from Palmer Research Laboratories.
Suitable amino carboxylate chelating agents useful herein include ethylene
diamine tetra acetate, diethylene triamine pentaacetate, diethylene triamine
pentaacetate (DTPA), N-hydroxyethylethylenediamine triacetate, nitrilotri-
acetate,
ethylenediamine tetraproprionate, triethylenetetraaminehexa-acetate,
?5 ethanoldiglycine, propylene diamine tetracetic acid (PDTA) and methyl
glycine di-
acetic acid (MGDA), both in their acid form, or in their alkali metal,
ammonium,
and substituted ammonium salt forms. Particularly suitable to be used herein
are
diethylene triamine yenta acetic acid (DTPA), propylene diamine tetracetic
acid
(PDTA) which is, for instance, commercially available from BASF under the
trade
name Triton FS, and methyl glycine di-acetic acid (MGDA).
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23
Further carboxylate chelating agents to be used herein includes malonic
acid, salicylic acid, glycine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, dipicolinic acid
and
derivatives thereof, or mixtures thereof.
S Typically, the chelating agent, or a mixture thereof, is present in the
liquid
composition at a level of from 0.001 % to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.001
to 3% by weight and more preferably from 0.001 % to 1.5%.
The disinfecting wipes according to the present invention are suitable for
l0 disinfecting various surfaces including animate surfaces (e.g. human skin)
as
well as inanimate surfaces including any hard-surfaces.
Other water-soluble or dispersible materials that can be present in the liquid
composition include thickeners and viscosity modifiers. Suitable thickeners
and
15 viscosity modifiers include polyacrylic and hydrophobically modified
polyacrylic
resins such as Carbopol and Pemulen, starches such as corn starch, potato
starch, tapioca, gums such as guar gum, gum arabic, cellulose ethers such as
hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, and
the
like. These thickeners and viscosity modifiers will typically be included in a
20 concentration in the range of from about 0.05 to about 0.5% of the liquid
composition.
Again, where water is a major constituent of the liquid composition, water-
soluble or dispersible materials that can be present in the internal phase
include
25 polycationic polymers to provide steric stabilization at the polar phase-
lipid phase
interface and nonionic polymers that also stabilize the emulsion. Suitable
polycationic polymers include Reten 201, Kymene~ 557H and Acco 711.
Suitable nonionic polymers include polyethylene glycols (PEG) such as
Carbowax and polypropylene glycol) butyl ether. These polycationic and
30 nonionic polymers will typically be included in a concentration in the
range of
from about 0.05 to about 1.0% of the liquid composition.
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According to the present invention, for wet wipe application designed
specifically for use on the human skin such as baby wipes, the composition may
be aqueous, alcohol based or an emulsion, either a water-in-oil or an oil-in-
water
or a multiple emulsion, preferably the emulsion is a oil-in-water emulsion.
Typically, the composition will comprise from 2% to 50% by weight of said
composition of actives and from 50% to 98% water, preferably de-ionised or
distilled. Of the active component, preferably 2% to 20% are present in the
oil
phase and the remainder are present in the aqueous phase.
According to the present invention the wet wipes are provided with an
emulsion composition comprising a oil phase in the range of 1 % to 20%,
preferably 2% to 10%, by weight of the composition. Advantageously, the oil
based phase is derived from natural resources such as from vegetable or animal
1 ~ oils or may be synthetic or any mixtures thereof. Suitable vegetable and
animal
oils for use herein include waxes Such as beeswax, lanolin, candelilla, and
oils
such as glycerine esters and glycerine ethers, fatty acid alcohols, fatty acid
esters and fatty acid ethers such as caprylic and capric triglycerides and
octylpalmitate. Suitable mineral oils include petroleum based oils such as
paraffin
and petroleum jelly. Synthetic oils for use herein include ethylenic polymers
for
example polyethylene wax or silicone based oils. Suitable silicon oils include
polydimethylsiloxanes, volatile cyclomethicones, dimethiconols,
siloxysilicates
and amino- and phenyl derivatives of siloxanes and mixtures thereof. Examples
include dimethicone (Dow Corning 200 Fluids), cycfomethicone and dimethiconol
(Dow Corning 1401 Fluid), cetyl dimethicone (Dow Corning 2502 Fluid),
dimethicone and trimethylsiloxysilicate (Dow Corning 593 Fluid),
cyclomethicone
(Dow Corning 244, 245, 344 or 345 Fluid), phenyl trimethicone (Dow Corning 556
Fluid), or combinations thereof. '
The oil-in-water emulsions typically require emulsifying agents. The
emulsifying agents which may be used in the present invention are preferably
capable of primary emulsification of oil-in-water emulsions. The emulsifying
agent
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is present in the range of 0.02% to 5.0%, preferably 0.02% to 3.0%, by weight
of
the composition.
In a preferred embodiment the emulsifying agent is a polymeric type of
5 emulsifying agent such as a copolymer of C10-C30 alkyl acrylates and one or
more monomers of acrylic acid, methylacrylic acid or one of their simple
esters
cross linked with an allyl ether of sucrose or an allyl ether of
pentaerythritol. The
emulsifying agents which are thus useful in the present invention include
Ceteareth-12, Ceteareth-20 or Pemulen TR1 and TR2 which are available from
10 B.F. Goodrich company of the USA. However, other known emulsifying agents
such as ethoxylated fatty alcohols, glycerine esters of fatty acids, soaps,
sugar
derived agents are also suitable for use herein. Other useful emulsifying
agents
include those disclosed in detail in EP-A-328 355.
1 > According to the present invention the composition may comprise a
stability
agent or preservative. Stability agents suitable for use herein include
phenoxyethanol preferably present in the range of from 0.1 to 1.0%, sodium
benzoate, potassium sorbate, methylparaben, propylparaben, ethylparaben,
butylparaben, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, benzalkonium chloride, and
20 disodium salt ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (hereinafter referred to as
EDTA)
or other EDTA salts (sequestrenes). Sequestrene is a series of complexing
agents and metal complexes general of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and
salts. The total quantity of stability agents should be in the range of 0.1 %
to 4.0%
by weight of the composition.
The composition of the present invention may further comprise from 0.02%
to 5.0% by weight of said composition of an emollient or moisturiser.
Preferably
the emollient is water soluble and includes polyhydric alcohols, such as
propylene glycol, glycerin, and also water soluble lanolin derivatives.
In preparing wet wipe products according to the present invention, the
composition is applied to at least one surface of the substrate material. The
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26
composition can be applied at any time during the manufacture of the wet wipe.
Preferably the composition can be applied to the substrate after the substrate
has been dried. Any variety of application methods that evenly distribute
lubricious materials having a molten or liquid consistency can be used.
Suitable
methods include spraying, printing, (e.g. flexographic printing), coating
(e.g.
gravure coating or flood coating) extrusion whereby the composition is forced
through tubes in contact with the substrate whilst the substrate passes across
the
tube or combinations of these application techniques. For example spraying the
composition on a rotating surface such as calender roll that then transfers
the
composition to the surface of the substrate. The composition can be applied
either to one surface of the substrate or both surfaces, preferably both
surfaces.
The preferred application method is extrusion coating.
The composition can also ~e applied uniformly or non uniformly to the
surfaces of the substrate. By non uniform it is meant that for example the
amount, pattern of distribution of the composition can vary over the surface
of the
substrate. For example some of the surface of the substrate can have greater
or
lesser amounts of composition, including portions of the surface that do not
have
any composition on it. Preferably however the composition is uniformly applied
to
the surfaces of the wipes. The composition is typically applied in an amount
of
from about 0.5 g to 10 g per gram of substrate, preferably from 1.0 g to 5 g
per
gram of substrate, most preferably from 2 g to 4 g per gram of dry substrate.
Preferably, the composition can be applied to the substrate at any point
after it has been dried. For example the composition can be applied to the
substrate prior to calendering or after calendering and prior to being wound
up
onto a parent roll. Typically, the application will be carried out on a
substrate
unwound from a roll having a width equal to a substantial number of wipes it
is
intended to produce. The substrate with the composition applied thereto is
then
subsequently perforated utilizing standard techniques such as in order to
produce the desired perforation line.
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27
EXAMPLE I
A) Carrier Preparation
The carrier is a air laid nonwoven substrate comprising 70% pulp, 15%
PET and 15% latex. The substrate has a basis weight of 73g/m2.
B) Liquid composition Preparation
A liquid composition is prepared from the ingredients shown in Table I.
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28
Table I
Inaredients: Percentaae
i
Distilled Water 87
Salicylic acid 0.03
Hydrogen Peroxide 1.0
Ethanol 9.4
C-12 Amine Oxide 0.4
Geraniol 0.04
Thymol I 0.025
Citric acid 0.07
Glycol butyl ether 1.4
To formulate the composition all the components are mixed together and
then heated to 140°F (45.8°C).
C) Appl~g the liauid composition to the Carrier
The liquid composition prepared in step B is applied to the carrier by
spraying. 3.25g of lotion per gram of substrate material is applied to
the carrier.
The coated carrier is then perforated, folded and stacked. The stack is then
sealed to yield finished product wipe.
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29
Examples
Sample REF REF 9 4 1 3
Bonded area length 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8. 0.8
(mm)
Primary slit length 4 3 4 6.4 3.9 6.5
(mm)
Secondary slit length - - 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.3
(mm)
No. bonded areas 1 1 5 5 2 4
No. primary slits 1 1 1 1 1 1
No. secondary slits - - 4 4 1 3
Ratio of total slit 5 3 9.2:4 3.1 3.3 3.25
length
Tensile strength (N/inch)1.8 2.5 2.9 2.3 1.6 1.65
No. of patterns 1 1 1 1 1 1
No. of repeat patterns35 42 ; ~ 10 25 12
per 13
erforation line
