Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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DISTRIBUTION OF MUSICAL PRODUCTS OVER THE INTERNET
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to digital music downloading. More
particularly, the present invention relates to a system and method for
distributing digital
music over the Internet by a web site vendor.
15 The Internet has offered opportunities for electronic commerce of massive
proportions. Among other things, distribution of music over the computer-
implemented
global network is a well suited application of e-commerce, whereby consumers
can easily and
quickly find and purchase individual tracks or entire albums. A need therefore
exists for a
system and method that provide a music web site that is comprehensive,
versatile, user-
20 friendly, and protects the proprietary rights of artists and other rights
holders.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide a digital music
distribution web site.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a digital music
distribution web
site wherein a customer shopping list is always visible on a display screen.
25 It is yet another object of the present invention to display a shopping
history for each
registered user/customer for unlimited downloading of the previously purchased
items.
It is still another object of the present invention to display a sales and
royalty history
for rights holders based on the sales of the product via the web site.
It is still another object of the present invention to prohibit an
unauthorized transfer
30 of downloaded music files for playback by an unregistered user/customer.
The above and other objects are achieved by a system and method for
distributing
products over the Internet. According to the present invention, a login screen
is displayed on
a video monitor that allows a user to enter an unique identifier for accessing
database
information. After the validity of the entered unique identifier is confirmed,
a shopping list is
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displayed that lists items for purchase as selected by the user. The listed
items are in digital
format suitable for downloading to a user's computer connected to the Internet
and are in
other media format suitable for shipping to the user.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, the listed items are
either
compact disks containing music recorded thereon or digital music in an encoded
format, and
the shopping list is displayed on the video monitor as long as at least one
item is contained
therein.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a portion of
digital music
is retrieved from a database and the retrieved portion of digital music is
then played for the
1 o user.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention is illustrated in the figures of the accompanying
drawings which
are meant to be exemplary and not limiting, in which like reference characters
refer to like or
corresponding parts, and in which:
Figure 1 A shows an illustration of the video display screen as viewed by the
PC user
after connecting to the vendor's web site for distributing musical products;
Figure 1 B shows an illustration of the video display screen after the PC
user's login
has been successfully completed;
Figure 1 C illustrates an option for the PC user to click on a song to "pre-
listen" to it --
hearing a 20-second clip, for example;
Figure 1 D is a block diagram of the network-based music distribution system
according to the present invention;
Figure 1 E illustrates in detail the shopping basket containing the desired
items;
Figure 2A shows an illustration of the monitor screen displaying another
feature of the
network-based system according to the present invention;
Figure 2B shows in detail the records reflecting previous purchases listed
under the
"Past Orders" sub-heading;
Figure 3A shows an illustration of the monitor screen displaying the user
interface for
accessing the information on royalties;
Figure 3B shows royalty information maintained as a historical record (showing
all
the royalties earned to date) or as an incremental record (showing all the
royalties currently
outstanding);
Figure 3C is a block diagram of the sales sub-system for determining sales and
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royalties for the rights-holders in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 4A shows the name of the encoding format for digital music in
accordance
with the present invention;
Figure 4B shows a portion of the screen displaying a music player for
listening to the
downloaded music in the NETrax or MP3 format;
Figure 4C shows a portion of the screen displaying the user interface for the
web site
for distributing digital or analog music according to the present invention;
Figure 4D shows a screen display whereby the search is performed by an album;
Figures 4E-4L show screen displays in response to the PC user search by
different
~0 genres, such as electronica and dance, jazz, hip-hop, rap, R&B, country,
rock and pop, world,
children's and miscellaneous;
Figure S shows a screen displaying a page for various other portions of the
web site,
whereby additional information may be obtained by clicking on the displayed
heading or sub-
heading;
15 Figure 6 shows a block diagram of the database structure in accordance with
the
present invention; and
Figure 7 is a block diagram of various software and hardware units (sub-
systems), as
well as database components, comprising the overall system of the present
invention
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
20 As a general overview, the present invention includes a system and method
for
maintaining a music web site on the Internet. Consumers may access the web
site via a
personal computer or any other wired or wireless Internet access device, such
as WebTV,
personal digital assistant, cellular telephone, etc., to obtain a variety of
services and products.
For instance, a consumer may browse through artists, tracks or albums, pre-
listen to a portion
25 of the song and purchase the selected song either by downloading the
digital data to her
computer hard drive or by placing a mail order for a compact disk (CD). A
specially encoded
or encrypted MP3 files called "NETrax" are delivered from a server over the
Internet or cable
services to the end consumers' home PC.
The present invention is directed to, among other things, a network-based
system for
30 distribution of musical products over a network, such as the Internet for
example. The system
includes a server platform for processing user requests and other information
associated with
the operation of the system. The server is connected to a database, which may
be remote or
local, for storing data. The stored data represents digitized songs, text
associated with each
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song such as track name, album name, artist name, lyrics, etc., image data,
graphics, etc.
The server is a node on a global computer-implemented network, such as the
Internet.
As known to those skilled in the art, a network router may be used to connect
the server to
the Internet for controlling the flow of data. Also connected to the Internet
is a plurality of
nodes, such as personal computers, Web devices, etc., under control by the
users (hereinafter
collectively referred to as PC users). The PC users communicate with the
server using dial-
up modems, cable modems, IDSN, DSL, etc., and using browser programs executing
on their
personal computers, as well known to those skilled in the art. Communication
links or
sessions are established between the PC users and the server, via the
Internet, when the PC
~o users log onto the web site hosted by the server.
In the preferred embodiment, a PC user logs on to the Internet to access the
World
Wide Web portion thereof using a web browser program. That is, the PC user
selects and
enters a URL address for the vendor's web site on her computer, and a
communication link is
established between the PC user and the selected vendor's web site. The
request from the
15 browser goes out to the server using the Internet (HTTP) protocol. Using
SQL commands,
the server then accesses the database maintaining the requested URL address
information, and
the HTML-based results are transferred from the database to the server and
subsequently to
the client's browser for display on the PC user display monitor.
Figure 1 A shows an illustration of the video display screen 10 as viewed by
the PC
2o user after connecting to the vendor's web site for distributing musical
products.
As shown in the figure, the web site display is divided into 2 portions: main
portion
12 on the left side of the screen I 0 contains fields for entering music-
related search queries.
For example, the PC user may search for desired songs by artist after entering
the artist's
name. The operation is carried out by various search engines for searching
relational
25 databases. Alternatively, the PC user may look for a song by title or album
name.
Furthermore, as shown in Figure lA, songs and/or albums attributed to
different genres may
be displayed on the screen in response to the PC user's selection.
Furthermore, a music player for playing the digital music downloaded via the
Internet
from the server is displayed in the main section of the screen. The music
player, known as
30 "MCY NETrax Player", may be downloaded to the PC also via the Internet from
the server
and contains operation controls for listening to the downloaded digital music.
The main section contains various content under several headings and sub-
headings.
For example, Figure IA shows albums and/or songs under the heading "Featured
Selections"
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as selectively featured on the web site. Under the "MCY Choice Cuts" heading,
a number of
songslalbums is listed as, once again, selected by the web site vendor. Figure
1 A also shows
the "News" category, representatively profiling an artist, and under the
"Interview" heading
an interview with an artist is available for viewing. It is understood, of
course, that other
music content and categories, headings, sub-headings, etc., may be provided on
the web site,
including hyperlinks to other web sites, pages, etc. It is noted that a
vertical scroll bar may be
required to view the content of the entire frame occupying the left portion of
the screen.
The right portion of the display screen is independently controlled from the
left
portion and includes the "Shopping List" heading, as well as the login
procedure for PC users.
to In particular, when a PC user desires to purchase a song or an album, she
registers with the
web site vendor using the on-line login procedure. The registration comprises
entering the
username and password to gain access to the web site vendor's products. When a
new PC
user logs in, she selects a username and password and then clicks on the "New
User" software
button on the screen. The new PC user is then requested to re-confirm the
selected password
by entering the password once more. If the password is properly re-confirmed,
she is allowed
to purchase CDs, download digital music, or make other purchases from the web
site as
described below. For repeat users, after clicking on the "Login" software
button, the entered
username and password are compared with those stored in the database connected
to the
server. If the match is found, the access to the purchase transactions on the
web site is
2o validated, and the PC user is permitted to shop for music and other goods.
Otherwise, the
error message is displayed, and the PC user is prohibited from buying the
music or other
products. In this case, however, the PC user may still use the left portion of
the screen to
browse through various titles, read the news, etc., as described above.
Figure 1 B shows an illustration of the video display screen after the PC
user's login
has been successfully completed. In this case, after browsing through the
available songs and
albums, let it be assumed that the PC user decides to purchase two albums. By
clicking on
her selection in the left portion of the screen, the desired items, either CD
or downloadable
digital music, appear in the right portion under the "MCY Shopping List"
heading.
Namely, as the PC user browses through the web site, she can select items of
interest
3o for purchase. These items are displayed in a "shopping basket," that is,
the right portion of
the PC user's computer screen as shown in Figure 1 B. The shopping basket is
displayed
continuously if there is at least one item therein. Alternatively, the
shopping basket can be
displayed continuously even when empty. Among other things, the shopping
basket can
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display the name and quantity of the items selected, as well as the cost. The
shopping basket
can also indicate the total cost of the items in the shopping basket, as shown
in Figure 1 B.
In the preferred embodiment, the system permits the purchase of audio music
files
over the Internet. The PC user logs onto the vendor's web site and browses the
songs
s available for purchase. The songs can be arranged by artist, music style,
etc., as mentioned
above. Further, the vendor can provide suggestions on the web site, directing
the PC user to
songs that might be desirable, based on that PC user's previous purchases, her
indicated
preferences, popularity of the songs, paid advertising and the like. If
interested in a song, the
PC user has the option of clicking on a song to "pre-listen" to it -- hearing
a 20-second clip,
1 o for example -- as illustrated in Figure 1 C. If the PC user then wishes to
purchase the song,
she can submit her order by clicking on the icons located next to each
song/album, as also
shown in Figure 1 C. The order will be reflected in the shopping basket,
always visible on the
screen. As the PC user selects more items, each and every item is displayed in
the shopping
basket (to the extent that space permits -- a scroll bar may be necessary
should the PC user
15 select a large number of items). At any point in time, the PC user can
review her selections,
deleting items she no longer desires. When the PC user has developed a
satisfactory list, she
can submit her order by clicking on the "Purchase Items" button, as
illustrated in Figure I E
showing the magnified right portion of the screen, including the shopping
basket. The
purchased items will be delivered immediately over the Internet to the user's
computer if the
20 selected music is in downloadable digital format. The user can then listen
to the song at his
computer or download it onto a portable player. Those items that are not
available in digital
format or as requested by the PC user, will be processed accordingly.
According to the present invention, the network-based system described above
includes an e-commerce platform, suited particularly for the digital
distribution of audio files
25 (named NETrax), as well as regular mail order. The shopping basket provides
a unique
feature capable of handling heterogeneous products, such as the listing of
audio files and any
other digital files that after purchasing can be delivered digitally directly
through the net, and
traditional mail order products. According to one aspect of the present
invention, all these
products can be conveniently placed onto one shopping list even though they
are not
3o homogeneous. Conveniently, the customer can place digital orders (such as
NETrax) and will
get those delivered immediately via digital delivery over the Internet to her
PC; additionally,
all other orders of finished product entered into the shopping list will be
shipped to her home
by mail, such as a private courier, for example.
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In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the shopping
basket is
always visible on the right side of the screen. The on-line consumer is thus
able to constantly
monitor the contents of her shopping list and the cost associated with her
spending spree. By
making the shopping basket visible on the screen all the time eliminates any
hidden factors or
charges, and it is always clear to the consumer what she intends to purchase.
By clicking on the product, visible on the "MCY Shopping List", the consumer
can
receive a detailed description of the product on the list before purchase.
Figure 1 C
representatively illustrates the details of the album entitled "Air Moon
Safari" in the left
portion of the screen, which is displayed in response to the pointer -- the
hand tool 16 --
t0 activated by the user to select the desired item ("Air Moon Safari") in the
shopping basket.
Figure 1 D is a block diagram of the network-based music distribution system
according to the present invention. An on-line customer, such as the PC user
18 described
above, logs onto a vendor's web site 20 via the Internet. The vendor's web
site 20 is
representatively shown in the figure as MCY MediaCityT"". It is understood, of
course, that
the web site as shown in Figure 1 D is supported by a server having specific
software and
hardware configurations, such as Sun Microsystems mid-range computer with
Windows
operating system for executing applications programs written in Java, HTML or
other
programming language.
On the web site, the on-line customer may pre-listen to the desired music
prior to the
2o purchase. Following the pre-listen operation, the on-line customer may
place an order for an
immediate digital delivery of the selected music, book, etc., if available in
digital format.
Alternatively, she can order the selected information, such as text, moving or
still images,
graphics, etc., to be downloaded to her computer. Yet another option is to
mail order CDs,
video cassettes or disks, books, etc., for delivery to the designated place,
such as home, place
of work, friend's home. Still another option for the on-line consumer is to
mail order a
personally compiled CD containing selections from various artists, as
specifically prepared by
the web site vendor. Of course, those and additional buying options are
presented to the on-
line consumer via the graphical user interface (GUI) on the web site.
Continuing further with the description of Figure 1 D, regardless of the type
of order
or type of media selected by the on-line consumer, the desired items are
placed in the
shopping basket 22, as illustrated in detail in Figure I E. The on-line
consumer may delete
the items from the shopping basket or pre-listen to the tracks prior to the
final purchase.
After the list in the shopping basket 22 is finalized, the on-line consumer is
requested to pay
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for the purchase. A charge may be made directly to the on-line consumer's
credit card 24, or
the payment may be tendered in other ways as customary in the trade. After
confirming the
receipt of payment, the product is delivered to the consumer. The delivery 26
is carried out
by downloading the purchased digital music or text/graphics of the purchased
information.
Such operation requires the system's digital delivery software module to
access a database for
storing digital music, text, graphics, images, etc., requesting a copy of the
purchased items,
copying the purchased items from the database and transferring the copies of
the purchased
items to the consumer via the communications link established with the
consumer's PC over
the Internet.
io If the purchased items are to be delivered by mail, then the system's mail
delivery
software module accesses a database for storing track/album titles available
in CD format or
titles of books, disks or other products available in the appropriate tangible
medium. The
titles of the purchased items are retrieved and transferred to a terminal
controlled by a live
operator. The operator may then contact a record/book warehouse, book/video
shop for hard
to find and special order items, or other contractual arrangements for
outsourcing the order as
customary in the industry. The operator subsequently supplies the customer's
name and
shipping address for fulfillment of the order, whereby the purchased items are
shipped
directly to the customer under the web site vendor's name.
Figure 2A shows an illustration of the monitor screen 10 displaying another
feature of
the network-based system according to the present invention. The right portion
of the screen
lists tracks and/or albums previously purchased by the PC user. In particular,
after
authorizing the PC user's login as described above, the system's "history"
software module
accesses the database for storing record information for all previous sales
activity. Those
records pertaining to the PC user's purchases are selected by the module and
transferred to the
display software module for displaying on the screen. The records reflecting
previous
purchases are listed under the "Past Orders" sub-heading, as shown in detail
in Figure 2B.
The shopping history sub-system allows every customer who has ever previously
shopped on the web site to access a list of all products that the consumer has
purchased in the
past. The access to the past purchases is provided after typing in a username
and password.
3o After entering this information, the PC user finds all products previously
purchased at the
lower portion of the shopping list. All items obtained at the web site are
displayed, and a
vertical scroll bar may be required if the list is long. By clicking on one of
these items, the
main frame of the web site displays the product purchased. The customer can
then go back
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and pre-listen to the songs (NETrax), as well as download the NETrax songs
that were
previously purchased.
In another aspect of the present invention, the inventive network-based system
allows
authors, composers, publishers and all related artists of a music product
(collectively referred
to as rights-holders) to have 24-hour, 7-day a week access to the worldwide
sales of their
product. Figure 3A shows an illustration of the monitor screen 10 displaying
the user
interface for accessing the information on royalties.
A rights-holder accesses a web page for entering the proper identification
information.
As shown in the figure, login name and password are required for gaining
access to the sales
~ o information. After entering the identifier, including the login name or
username and
password, the rights-holder is presented with a complete list of time, date
and product name,
amount, pricing and sales of the product distributed through the web site
vendor. For
example, royalty collection societies get access 24 hours/day, 7 days/week to
the digital
distribution platform where they can access the digitally distributed NETrax
sales and then
~ 5 can collect money from the relevant parties.
The sales sub-system of the present invention maintains a record on a computer
database (or the like) of all the purchases ever made by the user. Certain
products and
services will generate revenue for third party rights holders. For example,
songwriters and
royalty societies will obtain revenue based on the sales of records and songs.
The sub-system
2o permits the rights holders to access the web page of the computer system
and determine what
royalties they have generated. This royalty information can be maintained as a
historical
record (showing all the royalties earned to date) or as an incremental record
(showing all the
royalties currently outstanding), as illustrated in Figure 3B.
The rights-holders for a particular song can access the web site and determine
that a
25 particular song was purchased, how many times the song was purchased, what
the cost of the
song was and what royalties are due to the rights holder. Of course, other
information about
the sale can be presented to the rights-holder, as desired by the designer of
the particular
system.
Figure 3C is a block diagram of the sales sub-system for determining sales and
3o royalties for the rights-holders in accordance with the present invention.
After a customer 30
buys a track or album via the web site as described above, the sales
information is stored to a
database 32 at MCY Music web site. A rights-holder may access the stored
information via
the Internet to check for royalties due.
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After the login, the rights-holder may decide, for example, to check the sales
for a
particular album for the last 6 months. The sales tracking module accesses the
sales
information stored to the database after each customer's purchase transaction
and then selects
only the sales information pertaining to the desired album for the last 6
months. The selected
information is then transferred to the display module for display.
In one aspect of the present invention, the rights-holder is restricted to the
sales
information stored in the database based on her connection to the commercial
product. For
example, composers, authors and publishers may be allowed to view one type of
sales
information, while performers, such as singers, musicians, etc., can view
another types of
1 o sales information. In addition, the system can calculate the dollar amount
to be collected by
the requesting rights-holder if a predetermined percentage from the sales is
supplied by the
rights-holder. For example, if a performer collects 5% from the sale of her
album, then the
system can calculate the total dollar amount owed to the performer during a
specified period
of time in accordance with the specified royalty rate.
As described above, once the PC user purchases a song or album in digital
format, she
can download the purchased music to her PC many times. In case her PC is
damaged, the
customer retains the right to the unlimited access after the purchase in case
various
eventualities occur, for example a crash of the hard drive or some other
damage to the PC. In
accordance with another aspect of the present invention, however, this
unlimited access to the
2o web site vendor's database does not allow the PC user to take advantage of
this feature of the
present invention for illegal purposes. For example, it appears as if the PC
user may
purchase a song, download it to her hard drive and then transfer the
downloaded music to a
portable storage medium or to another PC user via the Internet for playback.
To prevent the playback of the digital music that is illegally transferred
from the
purchaser, each song, album, or other property in digital format is assigned
an identifier or
key. This customer key is created for each user/customer corresponding to the
username/password pair. Prior to the first download (namely, the first time
that the customer
desires to purchase a song through download), she logs in by entering username
and
password as described above. When the login is confirmed, the customer is
supplied a key,
3o which may be encrypted or unencrypted, over a secure network. The customer
is not aware
of this transfer from the server, and the actual key is never in the clear,
never displayed to the
customer.
The received key is then appended with additional data. This additional data
uniquely
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identifies the customer's PC. For example, some information from the
customer's hard drive
or other computer hardware/software component may be added to the key.
Alternatively,
some other component information, either as a prefix or suffix, may be
combined with the
received key. As a result, the new key uniquely identifies the customer and
the customer's
hardware. This key is then stored to the customer hard drive.
Prior to downloading a song, a key for the requesting customer is inserted
into a
header of the song. After the download, the key embedded in the header is used
for
comparing with the key on the customer's hard drive. Only if the two pieces of
information
provide an exact match, the song will be played at the customer's computer.
Thus, if the
t o customer decides to transfer a downloaded song to her friend, the song
will not be played at
her friend's computer because the new computer will not contain data that will
match the key
embedded in the song header.
The file stored to the customer's hard drive may contain more than 1 key. For
example, a key ring file may contain 3 keys, wherein each key is used by a
different PC user.
Figure 4A shows the name of the encoding format for digital music, whereby
this
format allows the header supplied to each digital file to contain the key for
identifying the
requester of information. Namely, as soon as the customer requests the NETrax
song for
downloading, the key corresponding to that customer is inserted into the
header of the
NETrax song for matching as described above.
Figure 4B shows a portion of the screen displaying a music player 40 for
listening to
the downloaded music in the NETrax or MP3 format. The player 40 has "software"
buttons
for controlling the music playback that is similar to the conventional
controls on the player.
The player may play songs encoded in other formats, such as MP3 for example.
Figure 4C shows a portion of the screen displaying the user interface for the
web site
for distributing digital or analog music as described above. Various search
engines are
available to the PC user to browse through the on-line selections and to
purchase the desired
music. Figure 4D shows a screen display whereby the search is performed by an
album.
Figures 4E-4 show screen displays in response to the PC user search by
different genres, such
as electronics and dance, jazz, hip-hop, rap, R&B, country, rock and pop,
world, children's
3o and miscellaneous. Figure S shows a screen displaying a page for various
other portions of
the web site, whereby additional information may be obtained by clicking on
the displayed
heading or sub-heading. A new web page will then be displayed for listing the
requested
information.
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Figure 6 shows a block diagram of the database structure in accordance with
the
present invention. A central server 60 is connected to a database which is a
repository of
sound files in digital format for downloading to the PC users. Another portion
of the
database contains user accounts, wherein each account holds user ID, password,
key, and
pointers to the purchased music in the database. Still another portion of the
database contains
a historical list of all items sold, either in digital format or CD. For each
sold item, its title,
price, artist name, etc., are maintained in the database, which is used for
checking royalty
information as described above.
Figure 6 also shows regional servers 62 for accessing the central database.
These
to local servers may contain information in their databases that is unique to
a particular region
of the world.
Figure 7 is a block diagram of various software and hardware units (sub-
systems), as
well as database components, comprising the overall system of the present
invention. It is
understood that although several databases are listed in Figure 7 in the
preferred embodiment,
t 5 the repository of data and information may be implemented as a single
database. Similarly,
two or more separate software sub-systems illustrated in Figure 7 may be
combined into one
sub-system performing those functions as the individual sub-systems.
While the invention has been described and illustrated in connection with
preferred
embodiments, many variations and modifications as will be evident to those
skilled in this art
20 may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention,
and the invention
is thus not to be limited to the precise details of methodology or
construction set forth above
as such variations and modification are intended to be included within the
scope of the
invention.
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