Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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1
ABSORBENT ARTICLE WITH SKIN CARE COMPOSITION
10
TECHNICAL FIELD
This application relates to absorbent articles including, but not limited to,
feminine
hygiene garments such as sanitary napkins and panti-liners, diapers, training
pants, adult
incontinence devices, diaper holders, and the like. More particularly, the
present
invention relates to absorbent articles having a skin care composition coating
on the body
contacting surface of the absorbent article that is transferable to the
wearer's skin.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
All manner and variety of absorbent articles configured for the absorption of
body
fluids such as menses, urine and feces are, of course, well known. With
respect to
feminine protection devices, the art has offered two basic types; sanitary
napkins have
been developed for external wear about the pudendal region while tampons have
been
developed for internal wear within the vaginal cavity for interruption of
menstrual flow
therefrom. Such tampon devices are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,412,833,
entitled
"Tampon Applicator", issued to Weigner, et al. on November 1, 1983, and U.S.
Patent
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No. 4,413,986, entitled "Tampon Assembly With Means For Sterile Insertion",
issued to
Jacobs on November 8, 1983.
Hybrid devices which attempt to merge the structural features of the sanitary
napkins and the tampons into a single device have also been proposed. Such
hybrid
devices are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 2,092,346, entitled "Catamenial Pad",
issued to
Arone on September 7, 1937, and U.S. Patent No. 3,905,372, entitled "Feminine
Hygiene
Protective Shield", issued to Denkinger on September 16, 1975. Other less
intrusive
hybrid devices are known as labial or interlabial sanitary napkins and are
characterized by
having a portion which at least partially resides within the wearer's
vestibule and a portion
which at least partially resides external of the wearer's vestibule. Such
devices are
disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 2,662,527, entitled "Sanitary Pad", issued to
Jacks on
December 15, 1953, and U.S. Patent No. 4,631,062, entitled "Labial Sanitary
Pad", issued
to Lassen, et al. on December 23, 1986. Interlabial pads have the potential to
provide
even greater freedom from inconvenience because of their small size and
reduced risk of
leakage. Numerous attempts have been made in the past to produce an
interlabial pad
which would combine the best features of tampons and sanitary napkins while
avoiding at
least some of the disadvantages associated with each of these types of
devices. Examples
of such devices are described in U.S. Patent 2,917,049 issued to Delaney on
December
15, 1959, U.S. Patent 3,420,235 issued to Harmon on January 7, 1969, U.S.
Patent
4,595,392 issued to Johnson, et al. on June 17, 1986, and U.S. Patent
5,484,429 issued to
Vukos, et al. on January 16, 1996. A commercially available interlabial device
is FRESH
'N FIT~ PADETTE interlabial product which is marketed by Athena Medical Corp.
of
Portland, OR and described in U.S. Patents 3,983,873 and 4,175,561 issued to
Hirschman
on October 5, 1976 and November 27, 1979, respectively.
Although these products such as sanitary napkins, tampons and interlabial pads
are
effective generally to absorb menses, there are still discomfort which need to
be solved.
For example, the wearer feels uncomfortable due to; (1) frictional discomfort
associated
with rubbing of the product against the wearer's skin while wearing/applying
the product;
(2) adherence of the menses discharged onto the topsheet to the wearer's skin;
and (3)
adherence of the surface of the product such as a topsheet to the wearer's
skin. The
friction when applying the product prevents the product from being properly
inserted/applied, leading to discomfort. In addition, rubbing of the product
against the
wearer's skin causes itch and/or skin irntation. The adherence of the menses
gives the
wearer messy/dirty feeling. In addition, enzyme and/or microbial contained in
the
adhered menses attack the wearer's skin, thereby causing itch and/or skin
irritation. The
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adherence of the topsheet gives the wearer sticky feeling. It also hinders the
wearer's skin
from air circulation, thereby causing skin overhydration.
European Patent Application EP 0 692 263 A2, "Method of reducing the
coefficient of friction of absorbent products and wax coated products produced
thereby",
is directed to lubricated absorbent products having a coating of a small
amount of high
molecular weight solid waxy substance which has a softening point above body
temperature. However, there are drawbacks associated with the use of high
molecular
weight materials for this purpose. High molecular weight materials will not be
as
soothing or lotion-like to the wearer's skin as lower molecular weight
materials. In
addition, high molecular weight materials will not be capable of transfernng
to the
wearer's skin to provide skin care benefits. High molecular weight waxes can
also
become brittle and tend to flake or chip off an absorbent article due to their
lack of
flexibility if the absorbent article is of a type that is required to flex and
bend. Further, if
the softening point of such materials is higher than room temperature,
application of such
materials to an absorbent article will be more difficult, and will require
that the material
be heated in order to coat an absorbent article with such a material.
The problem of drying of a female wearer's labial vestibule area has been
discussed in the patent literature. For example, U.S. Patent 4,846,824 issued
to Lassen, et
al. on July 11, 1989, is directed to a labial sanitary pad that has a
"physiologically
hydrous" cover (that is, a cover material supposedly designed to "maintain a
moist
interface between the tissues of the vestibule and the pad"). Types of cover
materials
specified in the Lassen, et al. patent include a spunlaced polyester fiber
nonwoven and a
rayon cover. The Lassen, et al. patent states that the covers can be provided
with various
"coatings" to maintain the physiologically hydrous feature, but no specific
coatings appear
to be disclosed.
Other types of absorbent articles are e.g., disposable diapers and incontinent
briefs
or undergarments to absorb and contain body exudates. Such articles are thus
intended to
prevent body exudates from soiling, wetting, or otherwise contaminating
clothing or other
articles, such as bedding, that come in contact with the wearer. The most
common mode
of failure for such products occurs when body exudates leak out of the gaps
between the
article and the wearer's legs or waist to adjacent clothing because they are
not immediately
absorbed within the article and the absorbent article is not able to sustain a
good fit on the
wearer such that gaps are created allowing the exudates to leak out of the
article. For
example, urine tends to be deposited onto the topsheet in gushes such that the
urine
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migrates to the gaps between the article and the wearer where it can come in
contact with
clothing or other articles and be absorbed by these articles. Additionally,
loose fecal
material that is not easily absorbed by the absorbent article tends to "float"
on the body
contacting surface and work its way past the gaps between the article and the
legs or waist
of the wearer.
Contemporary disposable diapers have a topsheet, a backsheet, an absorbent
core,
and one or more cuffs, typically elastic cuffs, positioned to contact the legs
and/or waist of
the wearer. These elastic cuffs prove effective generally to prevent wicking
and overflow
from the fluid laden diaper to clothing contacting the edges of the diaper in
that the elastic
cuffs present a barrier between the edge of the diaper and the contacting
clothing, and
generally in addition, provide a gasketing action about the legs or waist of
the wearer to
maintain a seal about the leg or waist and minimize gapping. However, because
the
forces generated by the elastic members are concentrated along a narrow area
resulting in
high localized pressures, such elastic cuffs have an increased tendency to
indent and mark
the skin of the wearer. These skin effects are particularly acute for products
worn by
infants and incontinent elderly adults due to the tenderness of their skin and
its sensitivity
to even slight pressures or rubbing actions. These skin effects are even
further acute due
to the occlusion of the skin caused by such products. The occlusion of the
skin by the
diaper can potentially lead to skin overhydration. As a result, overhydrated
skin is more
susceptible to damage from abrasion due to rubbing caused by normal wearer
movements
and contact with the elastic cuffs. It is also generally known that
overhydrated skin is
more susceptible to skin disorders, including diaper rash, erythema, heat
rash, abrasion,
pressure marks, and skin burner loss. The reduced barrier efficiency of
abraded,
overhydrated skin can further cause an increase in diaper rash. (21 C.F.R.
333.503
defines diaper rash as "[a]n inflammatory skin condition in the diaper area
(perineum,
buttocks, lower abdomen, and inner thighs) caused by one or more of the
following
factors: moisture, occlusion, chafing, continued contact with urine or feces
or both, or
mechanical or chemical irritation.") To address the concerns of skin disorders
associated
with wearing diapers and other absorbent articles, the caregiver or wearer
often applies
skin protective and/or therapeutic products to the buttocks, genitals, anal
and/or other
regions before placing the absorbent article on the wearer. This procedure
usually
involves the caregiver applying the skin protective product to their hands,
and then wiping
the same on the skin of the wearer. To eliminate the need for this wasteful,
messy, time
consuming, and easily forgotten procedure, there have been attempts to prepare
absorbent
articles which contain a skin care substance on the article's topsheet.
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For example, one substance that has been applied to diaper products to impart
a
soothing, protective coating is mineral oil. Mineral oil is a mixture of
various liquid
hydrocarbons obtained by distilling the high-boiling (i.e., 300°-
390°C) fractions in
petroleum. Mineral oil is liquid at ambient temperatures, e.g. 20°-
25°C. As a result,
5 mineral oil is relatively fluid and mobile when applied to diapers. Because
mineral oil is
fluid and mobile at ambient temperatures, it tends not to remain localized on
the surface
' of the diaper, but instead migrates into the interior of the diaper.
Accordingly, relatively
high levels of mineral oil need to be applied to the diaper to provide the
desired
therapeutic or protective coating benefits. This leads not only to increased
costs for these
treated diaper products, but other detrimental effects as well, including
decreased
absorbency of the underlying absorbent core.
Even without increasing its level, the tendency of mineral oil to migrate once
applied has other detrimental effects. For example, the applied mineral oil
can transfer to,
into and through the packaging or wrapper material for the treated diaper
product. This
can create the need for barrier-type packaging or wrapper films to avoid
smearing or other
leakage of mineral oil from the diaper product.
Thus, it would be desirable to provide an absorbent article having a body
contacting surface wherein a skin care composition is disposed thereon to
provide
improved skin care benefits, particularly in skin regions in contact with the
wearer during
use. The skin care composition is preferably as stable as possible before use
of the
absorbent article such that the skin care composition remains on the body
contacting
surface of the absorbent article. It is also preferable that, once the
absorbent article is
applied to the wearer's body, the skin care composition is easily transferable
to the
wearer's skin to provide these skin benefits.
Thus, there is a need for an absorbent article having a body contacting
surface with
a skin care composition disposed thereon that: (1) provides skin benefits; and
(2) is as
stable as possible before use of the absorbent article while transferable to
the wearer's skin
once the absorbent article is applied to the wearer's body.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an absorbent article comprising a body
contacting
surface and an absorbent core. At least a portion of the body contacting
surface
comprises an effective amount of a skin care composition which is solid or
semisolid at
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40°C and which is transferable from the body contacting surface to the
wearer's skin by
contact, normal wearer motion and body heat at a level effective in providing
a skin
benefit to the wearer's skin. The skin care composition has viscosity of more
than about
105 Poise under shear stress of less than about 3X104 dynes/cm2, and viscosity
of less
than about 102 Poise under shear stress of more than about 106 dynes/cm2, at
40°C.
The present invention also relates to an absorbent article comprising a body
contacting surface and an absorbent core. At least a portion of the body
contacting
surface comprises an effective amount of a skin care composition which is
solid or
semisolid at 40°C and which is transferable from the body contacting
surface to the
wearer's skin by contact, normal wearer motion and body heat at a level
effective in
providing a skin benefit to the wearer's skin. The skin care composition
comprises a skin
care active ingredient. The skin care composition has viscosity of more than
about 105
Poise under shear stress of less than about 3X104 dynes/cm2, and viscosity of
less than
about 102 Poise under shear stress of more than about 106 dynes/cm2, at
40°C.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
While the specification concludes with claims particularly pointing out and
distinctly claiming the subject matter which is regarded as forming the
present invention,
it is believed that the invention will be better understood from the following
description
which is taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is an absorbent article in the form of a sanitary napkin according to
the
present invention;
FIG. 2 is a lateral cross-sectional view taken along line 2-2 of the sanitary
napkin
shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a lateral cross-sectional view taken along line 3-3 of FIG. 1
through the
center portion of one of the flaps;
FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the absorbent article shown in FIG. 1 with
showing
areas applied skin care composition; and
FIG. 5 is a graph of shear stress vs. viscosity of one example of skin care
composition.
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
All cited references are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
Citation of any reference is not an admission regarding any determination as
to its
availability as prior art to the claimed invention.
"Comprising" means that other steps and other elements which do not affect the
end result can be added. This term encompasses the terms "consisting of" and
"consisting
essentially of '.
All percentages, ratios and proportions used herein are by weight unless
otherwise
specified.
A. Absorbent Article
Herein "absorbent article" refers to devices which absorb and contain body
exudates, and more specifically, refers to devices which are placed against
the skin of a
wearer to absorb and contain the various exudates discharged from the body.
Herein
"disposable" is used to describe absorbent articles which are not intended to
be laundered
or otherwise restored or reused as an absorbent article after a single use.
Examples of
disposable absorbent articles include feminine hygiene garments such as
sanitary napkins
and panti-liners, diapers, incontinence briefs, diaper holders, training
pants, and the like.
Disposable absorbent articles typically comprise a liquid pervious topsheet, a
liquid impervious backsheet joined to the topsheet and an absorbent core
positioned
between the topsheet and the backsheet. Disposable absorbent articles and
components
thereof, including the topsheet, backsheet, absorbent core, and any individual
layers of
these components, have a body surface and a garment surface. Herein "body
surface"
means that surface of the article or component which is intended to be worn
toward or
adjacent to the body of the wearer, while the "garment surface" is on the
opposite side and
is intended to be worn toward or placed adjacent to the wearer's body or
undergarments
when the disposable absorbent article is worn.
As used herein, the term "body contacting surface" of an absorbent article is
one or
more surfaces of any article components that contact the wearer at some time
during the
wear period. Body contacting surfaces include, but are not limited to,
portions of the
topsheet, flaps, leg cuffs, waist region, side panels, fastening tabs, etc.,
which contact a
wearer during use.
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The following description generally discusses the absorbent core, topsheet,
and
backsheet materials that are useful in disposable absorbent articles, though
disposable
absorbent article does not necessarily need to have all of them. It is to be
understood that
this general description applies to these components of the specific absorbent
articles
shown in FIGS. 1-3 and further described below, in addition to those of other
disposable
absorbent articles which are generally described herein.
In general, the absorbent core is capable of absorbing or retaining liquids
(e.g.,
menses, urine, and/or other body exudates). The absorbent core is preferably
compressible, conformable, and non-irntating to the wearer's skin. The
absorbent core
may be manufactured in a wide variety of sizes and shapes (e.g., rectangular,
oval,
hourglass, "T" shaped, dog bone, asymmetric, etc.). The absorbent core may
include any
of a wide variety of liquid-absorbent materials commonly used in absorbent
articles, such
as comminuted wood pulp, which is generally referred to as airfelt. Examples
of other
suitable absorbent materials for use in the absorbent core include creped
cellulose
wadding; meltblown polymers including coform; chemically stiffened, modified
or cross-
linked cellulosic fibers; synthetic fibers such as crimped polyester fibers;
peat moss; tissue
including tissue wraps and tissue laminates; absorbent foams; absorbent
sponges;
superabsorbent polymers; absorbent gelling materials; or any equivalent
material or
combinations of materials, or mixtures of these.
The configuration and construction of the absorbent core may also be varied
(e.g.,
the absorbent core may have varying caliper zones and/or have a profile so as
to be thicker
in the center; hydrophilic gradients; gradients of the absorbent composite,
superabsorbent
gradients; or lower average density and lower average basis weight zones,
e.g., acquisition
zones; or may comprise one or more layers or structures). The total absorbent
capacity of
the absorbent core should, however, be compatible with the design loading and
the
intended use of the absorbent article. Further, the size and absorbent
capacity of the
absorbent core may be varied to accommodate different uses such as diapers,
incontinence
pads, pantiliners, regular sanitary napkins, and overnight sanitary napkins,
and to
accommodate wearers ranging from infants to adults.
The absorbent core can include other absorbent components that are often used
in
absorbent articles, for example, a dusting layer, a wicking or acquisition
layer, or a
secondary topsheet for increasing the wearer's comfort.
The topsheet is preferably compliant, soft feeling, and non-irritating to the
wearer's skin. Further, the topsheet is liquid pervious, permitting liquids
(e.g., menses
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9
and/or urine) to readily penetrate through its thickness. A suitable topsheet
may be
manufactured from a wide range of materials such as woven and nonwoven
materials
(e.g., a nonwoven web of fibers); polymeric materials such as apertured formed
thermoplastic films, apertured plastic films, and hydroformed thermoplastic
films; porous
foams; reticulated foams; reticulated thermoplastic films; and thermoplastic
scrims.
Suitable woven and nonwoven materials can be comprised of natural fibers
(e.g., wood or
cotton fibers), synthetic fibers (e.g., polymeric fibers such as polyester,
polypropylene, or
polyethylene fibers) or from a combination of natural and synthetic fibers.
When the
topsheet comprises a nonwoven web, the web may be manufactured by a wide
number of
known techniques. For example, the web may be spunbonded, carded, wet-laid,
melt-
blown, hydroentangled, combinations of the above, or the like.
The backsheet is impervious to liquids (e.g., menses and/or urine) and is
preferably manufactured from a thin plastic film, although other flexible
liquid
impervious materials may also be used. Herein "flexible" refers to materials
which are
compliant and will readily conform to the general shape and contours of the
human body.
The backsheet prevents the exudates absorbed and contained in the absorbent
core from
wetting articles which contact the absorbent article such as bedsheets, pants,
pajamas and
undergarments. The backsheet may thus comprise a woven or nonwoven material,
polymeric films such as thermoplastic films of polyethylene or polypropylene,
or
composite materials such as a film-coated nonwoven material. A suitable
backsheet is a
polyethylene film having a thickness of from about 0.012 mm (0.5 mil) to about
0.051
mm (2.0 mils). Exemplary polyethylene films are manufactured by Clopay
Corporation
of Cincinnati, Ohio, under the designation P18-1401 and by Tredegar Film
Products of
Terre Haute, Indiana, under the designation XP-39385. The backsheet may be
embossed
and/or matte finished to provide a more clothlike appearance. Further, the
backsheet may
permit vapors to escape from the absorbent core (i.e., the backsheet is
breathable) while
still preventing exudates from passing through the backsheet. The size of the
backsheet is
dictated by the size of the absorbent core and the exact absorbent article
design selected.
The backsheet and the topsheet are positioned adjacent the garment surface and
the body surface, respectively, of the absorbent core. The absorbent core is
preferably
joined with the topsheet, the backsheet, or both in any manner as is known by
attachment
means such as those well known in the art. However, embodiments of the present
invention are envisioned wherein portions of the entire absorbent core are
unattached to
either the topsheet, the backsheet, or both.
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For example, the topsheet and/or backsheet can be joined to the absorbent core
or
to each other in any suitable manner known in the art. The term "joined", as
used in this
specification, encompasses configurations in which an element is directly
secured to
another element by affixing the element directly to the other element;
configurations in
5 which the element is indirectly secured to the other element by affixing the
element to
intermediate members) which in turn are affixed to the other element; and
configurations
in which one element is integral with another element, i.e., one element is
essentially part
of the other element. The backsheet and/or the topsheet may be joined to the
absorbent
core or to each other by a uniform continuous layer of adhesive, a patterned
layer of
10 adhesive, or an array of separate lines, spirals, or spots of adhesive.
Adhesives which
have been found to be satisfactory are manufactured by H. B. Fuller Company of
St. Paul,
Minnesota under the designation HL-1258 or H-2031. The attachment means will
preferably comprise an open pattern network of filaments of adhesive as is
disclosed in
U.S. Patent 4,573,986, issued to Minetola, et al. on March 4, 1986, and which
is
incorporated herein by reference. An exemplary attachment means of an open
pattern
network of filaments comprises several lines of adhesive filaments swirled
into a spiral
pattern such as illustrated by the apparatus and method shown in U.S. Patent
3,911,173
issued to Sprague, Jr. on October 7, 1975; U.S. Patent 4,785,996 issued to
Zwieker, et al.
on November 22, 1978; and U.S. Patent 4,842,666 issued to Werenicz on June 27,
1989.
Each of these patents are incorporated herein by reference. Alternatively, the
attachment
means may comprise heat bonds, pressure bonds, ultrasonic bonds, dynamic
mechanical
bonds, or any other suitable attachment means or combinations of these
attachment means
as are known in the art.
Skin care compositions are applied to at least a portion of the body
contacting
surface of the absorbent article. The skin care composition may be applied to
a portion of
or the entirety of the body contacting surface. It is preferable to apply the
skin care
composition to the entirety of the body contacting surface. Further, the skin
care
composition may be applied to the garment surface of the absorbent article if
desired. The
skin care composition may be applied in any suitable configuration, such as a
plurality of
stripes, a plurality of wave lines, a plurality of dots, etc. Details of the
skin care
compositions are described below.
A preferred embodiment of an absorbent article is shown in FIG. 1. Shown in
FIG.
1 is a sanitary napkin which is one type of feminine protection devices and is
used for
external wear about the pudendal region of the wearer. As shown in FIG. 1, the
sanitary
napkin 20 preferably comprises an absorbent means (or "main body
portion°') 22, and two
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11
optional flaps 24. The sanitary napkin 20 has two surfaces, a body-facing
surface or
"body surface" or and a garment surface 20B. The sanitary napkin 20 is shown
in FIG. 1
as viewed from its body surface 20A. The body surface 20A is intended to be
worn
adjacent to the wearer's body. The garment surface 20B is intended to be
placed adjacent
to the wearer's undergarments when the sanitary napkin 20 is worn. In the
embodiment
shown in FIG. 1, "body contacting surface" includes the body surface 20A.
The sanitary napkin 20 has two centerlines, a principal longitudinal
centerline L and
a principal transverse centerline T. The term "longitudinal", as used herein,
refers to a
line, axis or direction in the plane of the sanitary napkin 20 that is
generally aligned with
(e.g., approximately parallel to) a vertical plane which bisects a standing
wearer into left
and right body halves when the sanitary napkin 20 is worn. The terms
"transverse" or
"lateral" used herein, are interchangeable, and refer to a line, axis or
direction which lies
within the plane of the sanitary napkin 20 that is generally perpendicular to
the
longitudinal direction.
FIG. 1 shows that the main body portion 22 of the sanitary napkin 20 comprises
the
portion of the sanitary napkin without the flaps 24. The main body portion 22
has two
spaced apart longitudinal edges 26, two spaced apart transverse or end edges
(or "ends")
28, which together form the periphery 30 of the main body portion. The main
body
portion 22 also has two end regions, which are designated first end region 32
and second
end region 34. A central region 36 is disposed between the end regions 32 and
34. The
end regions 32 and 34 extend outwardly in the longitudinal direction from the
edges of the
central region 36 about 1/8 to about 1/3 of the length of the main body
portion. A detailed
description of the characteristics of a central region and two end regions for
a sanitary
napkin is contained in U.S. Patent 4,690,680 issued to Higgins on September 1,
1987.
The main body portion 22 of the sanitary napkin 20 can be of any thickness,
including relatively thick, intermediate thickness, relatively thin, or even
very thin (or
"ultra thin"). An "ultra-thin" sanitary napkin 20 as described in U.S. Patents
4,950,264
and 5,009,653 issued to Osborn preferably has a caliper of less than about 3
millimeters.
The embodiment of the sanitary napkin 20 shown in the drawings is intended to
be an
example of an ultra-thin sanitary napkin. The main body portion 22 of the
sanitary napkin
20 may also be relatively flexible, so that it is comfortable for the wearer.
It should,
however, be understood that the sanitary napkin shown is merely one
embodiment, and
that the present invention is not limited to absorbent articles of the type or
having the
specific configurations shown in the drawings.
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FIG. 2 shows the individual components of the main body portion 22 of the
sanitary
napkin 20. The main body portion 22 of the sanitary napkin 20 preferably
comprises at
least three primary components. These include a liquid pervious topsheet 38, a
liquid
impervious backsheet 40, and an absorbent core 42 positioned between the
topsheet 38
and the backsheet 40. Optionally, the absorbent core 42 may include other
components
such as an acquisition component 44. The acquisition component 44 may either
be a
separate component positioned between the topsheet 38 and the absorbent core
42, or it
may comprise part of a composite topsheet or part of the absorbent core 42.
A topsheet 38 which is particularly suitable for use in the sanitary napkin 20
comprises an apertured formed film. Apertured formed films are preferred for
the
topsheet because they are pervious to body exudates and, if properly
apertured, have a
reduced tendency to allow liquids to pass back through and rewet the wearer's
skin. Thus,
the surface of the formed film which is in contact with the body remains dry,
thereby
reducing body soiling and creating a more comfortable feel for the wearer.
Suitable
formed films are described in U.S. Patent 3,929,135, entitled "Absorptive
Structures
Having Tapered Capillaries", which issued to Thompson on December 30, 1975;
U.S.
Patent 4,324,246 entitled "Disposable Absorbent Article Having A Stain
Resistant
Topsheet", which issued to Mullane, et al. on April 13, 1982; U.S. Patent
4,342,314
entitled "Resilient Plastic Web Exhibiting Fiber-Like Properties", which
issued to Radel,
et al. on August 3, 1982; U.S. Patent 4,463,045 entitled "Macroscopically
Expanded
Three-Dimensional Plastic Web Exhibiting Non-Glossy Visi~~~4c; Surface and
Cloth-Like
Tactile Impression", which issued to Ahr et al. on July 31, 1984; U.S. Patent
4,780,352
entitled "Covering Structure For Absorbent Hygienic Sanitary Products, and an
Absorbent
Product Having Such A Covering", which issued to Palumbo on October 25, 1988;
U.S.
Patent 5,006,394 "Multilayer Polymeric Film" issued to Baird on April 9, 1991;
and U.S.
Patent Application Serial No. 08/442,935 entitled "Fluid Transport Webs
Exhibiting
Surface Energy Gradients" filed in the name of Ouellette, et al. on May 31,
1995 (PCT
Publication WO 96/00548, published January 11, 1996).
In a preferred embodiment, the topsheet 38 comprises an apertured formed film
made in accordance with U.S. Patents 4,342,314 issued to Radel, et al. and
4,463,045
issued to Ahr, et al., which is marketed on sanitary napkins as the DRI-WEAVE
topsheet
by The Procter & Gamble Company of Cincinnati, OH. Such an apertured film is
preferably obtained as product No. X-5652 from Tredegar Film Products of Terre
Haute,
IN. In this preferred embodiment, during manufacture the resin used to form
the
apertured film is preferably provided with a surfactant incorporated therein.
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-ii-o2 PCT/US00/13842
13
In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the body surface of the
topsheet
38 is hydrophilic so that liquids will be transferred through the topsheet
more readily. If
the topsheet is made of a hydrophobic material, at least the upper surface of
the topsheet
is treated to be hydrophilic so that liquids will transfer through the
topsheet more rapidly.
This diminishes the likelihood that menstrual fluid will flow off the topsheet
rather than
flowing into and being absorbed by the absorbent core. The body surface of the
topsheet
38 can be made hydrophilic by treating it with a surfactant. Suitable methods
of treating a
topsheet with a surfactant are described in U.S. Patent 4,950,254 issued to
Osborn; U.S.
Patents 4,988,344 entitled "Absorbent Articles with Multiple Layer Absorbent
Layers"
issued to Reising, et al on January 29, 1991; and U.S. Patent 4,988,345
entitled
"Absorbent Articles with Rapid Acquiring Absorbent Cores" issued to Reising on
January
29, 1991.
A backsheet 40 which is particularly suitable for use in the sanitary napkin
20
comprises a polyethylene film having a thickness of from about 0.012 mm (0.5
mil) to
about 0.051 mm (2.0 mils) as stated above. A suitable backsheet material is
obtained as
product No. 18-1401 from the Clopay Corporation of Cincinnati, Ohio. A
suitable
breathable backsheet material is a laminate of an apertured film such as that
described in
U.S. Patent 3,929,135 issued to Thompson which is inverted so that the smaller
openings
of the tapered capillaries face the absorbent core 42 which is adhesively
laminated to a
microporous film such as that described in Exxon's U.S. Patent 4,777,073.
An absorbent core 42 which is particularly suitable for use in the sanitary
napkin 20
comprises a mufti-bonded air laid nonwoven material. In this preferred
embodiment, this
mufti-bonded air laid nonwoven material comprises about 52% cellulose fibers,
about
20% bi-component fibers, about 25% superabsorbent hydrogel-forming material
(or
absorbent gelling material) particles, and about 3% latex binder. The
absorbent core 42
preferably has a basis weight of about 125 g/yd2 (about 1 SO g/m2), including
the particles
of absorbent gelling material. Preferably, this mufti-bonded air laid nonwoven
absorbent
core 42 is formed by depositing three streams of cellulose and bi-component
fibers, with
absorbent gelling material particles 58 laid down with the last stream of
fibers to form the
bottom portion of the absorbent core. While the absorbent core 42 is shown as
a laminate
in FIGS. 2 and 3, in preferred embodiments, the fibers are blended together to
form a
single web. Such a mufti-bonded air laid nonwoven material is preferably
obtained in roll
form as product 915000X313 from Merfin Hygienic Products.
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-ii-o2 PCT/C1S00/13842
14
In alternative embodiments, the mufti-bonded air laid nonwoven material used
for
the absorbent core can be bonded using some material other than latex (such as
starch or
PVA, for example). In another alternative embodiment, the absorbent core can
be formed
as a laminate that preferably also has a basis weight of about 150 g/m2 and
comprises two
(or more) layers of mufti-bonded air laid nonwoven material with the particles
of
absorbent gelling material therebetween. Suitable laminate absorbent core
structures are
described generally in U.S. Patents 4,950,264 and 5,009,653 issued to Osborn,
U.S.
Patent 5,460,623 issued to Emenaker, et al. Another suitable absorbent core is
described
in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 08/122,114, entitled "Sanitary Napkin
Having Core
Predisposed To A Convex Upward Configuration", filed in the name of Hines, et
al. on
September 16, 1993 (PCT Publication No. WO 95/07674, published March 23,
1995).
In the case of thicker sanitary napkins, the absorbent core 42 is preferably
comprised of airfelt. Suitable absorbent cores for thicker sanitary napkins
are described in
U.S. Patent 5,234,422 issued to Sneller, et al. In a preferred embodiment, the
topsheet 38,
acquisition component 44, and absorbent core 42 can be provided with embossed
channels as shown in the Sneller, et al. patent. If such embossed channels are
used, they
preferably lie laterally outside of the longitudinally-oriented concave lines
56A defining
the sides of the unbonded window 54.
The absorbent core 42 optionally includes an acquisition component 44. The
acquisition component 44 can be made from any materials suitable. The
acquisition
component 44 may, for example, be comprised of woven or nonwoven materials.
The
fibers or other components of these materials may be synthetic, or partially
synthetic and
partially natural. Suitable synthetic fibers include polyester, polypropylene,
polyethylene,
nylon, viscous rayon, or cellulose acetate fibers. Suitable natural fibers
include cotton,
cellulose, or other natural fibers. The acquisition component 44 may also be
at least
partially comprised of cross-linked cellulose fibers. The acquisition
component 44, if
nonwoven, can be made by a number of different processes. These include, but
are not
limited to: air laid, wet laid, meltblown, spunbonded, carded, thermally
bonded, air
through bonded, powder bonded, latex bonded, solvent bonded, spunlaced, and
combinations of the foregoing.
An acquisition component 44 which is particularly suitable for use in the
sanitary
napkin 20 comprises a laminate of two nonwoven materials. The uppermost layer
preferably comprises an 19 g/yd2 (22.5 g/m2) spunbonded polypropylene nonwoven
material referred to as product No. 065MLPV60U (or "P-9") obtained from
Fiberweb,
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-m-o2 PCT/US00/13842
North America of Washougal, WA. The underlying layer preferably comprises a
multi-
bonded air laid nonwoven material that is thermally bonded using powder
bonding and
latex bonding. 1n a preferred embodiment, this multi-bonded air laid nonwoven
material
comprises about 77% cellulose fibers, about 20% powder binder, and about 3%
latex
5 binder (1.5% sprayed on each side of the web) and has a basis weight of
about 50 g/yd2
(about 60 g/m2). Such a mufti-bonded air laid nonwoven is preferably obtained
as
product No. 90830X312 from Merfin Hygienic Products, Ltd. of Delta, British
Columbia,
Canada. These two nonwoven layers are preferably laminated together by
depositing the
mufti-bonded air laid nonwoven material on the spunbonded polypropylene
nonwoven
10 material. The spunbonded material is used as a process aid or carrier web
in the process
of forming this laminate.
In alternative embodiments, the spunbonded polypropylene nonwoven material may
have a greater or a lower basis weight, or it may be replaced by an air laid
tissue, a wet
laid tissue, or any of the materials described above. If a wet laid tissue is
used instead of a
15 polypropylene nonwoven material, the orientation of the laminate is
preferably reversed
so that in the finished product, the mufti-bonded air laid nonwoven material
lies above the
wet laid tissue layer. In the case of thicker sanitary napkins, any of the
acquisition
components described above can be used. Additionally, in one preferred thicker
sanitary
napkin embodiment, a low density latex bonded air laid material can be used as
the entire
acquisition component (that is, no tertiary topsheet is required). A low
density latex
bonded air laid material suitable for this purpose is a material having a
basis weight of
about 80 g/m2 known as product No. FG413MHB, which is obtained from Walkisoft,
USA of Mt. Holly, NC.
The topsheet 38, the backsheet 40, and the absorbent core 42 may be assembled
in a
variety of configurations known in the art (including layered or "sandwich"
configurations
and wrapped or "tube" configurations). FIGS. 1-3 show a preferred embodiment
of the
sanitary napkin 20 assembled in a sandwich construction. In FIGS. 1-3, the
topsheet 38
and the backsheet 40 have length and width dimensions generally larger than
those of the
absorbent core 42. The topsheet 38 and the backsheet 40 extend beyond the
edges of the
absorbent core 42 to form portions of the periphery 30. In the embodiment
shown in
FIGS. 2 and 3 having the acquisition component 44, the garment-facing side of
the
topsheet 38 is preferably joined to the body-facing side of the absorbent core
(i.e., the
body-facing side of the acquisition component 44). If the absorbent core 42
has a layered
structure, each layer may be joined each other, if desired. The acquisition
component 44
may be joined to the absorbent core 42, if desired. If these components are
joined, they
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-m-o2 PCT/US00/13842
16
can be joined in any of the manners described hereinabove. The backsheet 40 is
preferably joined to the garment-facing side of the absorbent core 42 by
adhesives.
The portions of the topsheet 38 and backsheet 40 that extend beyond the edges
of
the absorbent core 42 are preferably also joined to each other. Preferably, in
the
embodiment shown, these portions of the topsheet 38 and backsheet 40 are
joined using
adhesives over substantially the entire portions that extend beyond the edges
of the
absorbent core 42 and a crimp seal at the end edges 28 of the main body
portion 22 where
the topsheet 38 and backsheet 40 are densified by the application of pressure
or heat and
pressure.
The sanitary napkin 20 shown in FIGS. 1-3, as discussed above, comprises an
optional pair of flaps 24 that are joined to the main body portion 22. The
flaps 24 extend
laterally outward beyond the longitudinal side edges 26 of the main body
portion 22 from
their proximal edges 60 to their distal edges (or "free end") 62. The flaps 24
extend
outward from at least the central region 36 of the main body portion 22.
The flaps 24 can be joined to the main body portion 22 in any suitable manner.
Preferably, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-3, the flaps 24 are integral
with the main
body portion 22 (that is, the flaps 24 comprise integral extensions of the
topsheet 38 and
backsheet 40). In other alternative embodiments, the flaps 24 can comprise
separate
components that are joined to the main body portion 22. The flaps 24 are each
joined to
(or associated with) main body portion 22 along a junctr.av. This is typically
a
longitudinally-oriented (or "longitudinal") juncture, such as lines of
juncture 68. As used
herein, the terms "juncture" (or "line of juncture") refer to regions where
the flaps 24
extend from or are joined to the main body portion 22. The line of juncture 68
in the
embodiment illustrated in the drawings can be considered to be defined by
concave
inwardly-oriented regions or lines. When the sanitary napkin 20 is worn by the
wearer,
the flaps 24 are folded under the wearer's undergarment. The flaps 24 are
typically folded
along or adjacent the proximal edges 60. If the width of crotch of wearer's
undergarment
is narrower than that of the main body portion 22, the flaps 24 may be folded
along a
longitudinal portion of the main body portion 22 inside the proximal edge 60.
If the
width of crotch of wearer's undergarment is wider than that of the main body
portion 22,
the flaps 24 may be folded along a hinge 70 of the main body portion 22 which
is
described below.
The flaps 24 can be in any suitable configuration. Suitable flaps are
described in
Reexamined Patent No. B1 4,589,876 entitled "Sanitary Napkin", issued to Van
Tilburg,
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-ii-o2 pCT/US00/13842
17
Certificate of Reexamination issued April 27, 1993; U.S. Patent 4,687,478
entitled
°'Shaped Sanitary Napkin With Flaps", which issued to Van Tilburg on
August 18, 1987;
U.S. Patent 5,389,094 entitled "Absorbent Article Having Flaps and Zones of
Differential
Extensibility" issued to Lavash, et al. on February 14, 1995; U.S. Patent
5,558,663
entitled "Absorbent Article Having Undergarment Covering Components With Zones
of
Extensibility" issued to Weinberger, et al. on September 24, 1996 (which
describes an
alternative to flaps that are applied by the wearer); and in International
Patent Application
Serial No. PCT US 96/15957 entitled "Absorbent Article Having Flaps With Step
Configuration and Zones of Extensibility" filed on October 3, 1996, in the
name of Lash,
et al.
The garment surface 20B of the sanitary napkin 20 may include, and preferably
does include, fasteners for attaching the sanitary napkin to the wearer's
undergarment.
FIG. 2 shows the central pad fastener 82 which is adapted to secure the main
body portion
22 of the sanitary napkin to the crotch region of an undergarment. Any types
of fasteners
known in the art, such as adhesive fasteners and mechanical fasteners can be
used.
Fasteners comprising adhesives have been found to work well for this purpose,
with
pressure-sensitive adhesives being preferred. In a preferred embodiment, the
central pad
fastener 82 comprises a pair of spaced apart longitudinally-oriented strips or
zones of
adhesive that are centered about the longitudinal centerline L.
The outer surface of the flaps 24, adjacent the distal edges 62 of the flaps,
is
preferably provided with a flap adhesive 84. The flap adhesive 84 is used to
assist in
maintaining the flaps 24 in position after they are wrapped around the edge of
the crotch
portion of the panty. Suitable adhesive fasteners are described in greater
detail in U.S.
Patent 4,917,697. The flaps 24 can be maintained in position by attaching the
flaps 24 to
the undergarment, or to the opposing flap.
The fasteners are not limited to adhesive attachment means. Any type of
fastener
used in the art can be used for such purpose. For example, the sanitary napkin
20 could
be secured to the wearer's undergarment by mechanical fasteners, such as
VELCRO, or
the fasteners described in U.S. Patent 4,946,527 entitled "Pressure-Sensitive
Adhesive
Fastener and Method of Making the Same" issued to Battrell on August 7, 1990,
or U.S.
Patent 5,392,498 entitled "Non-Abrasive Skin Friendly Mechanical Fastening
System"
issued to Goulait, et al. on February 28, 1995. For simplicity, however, the
fasteners will
be described in terms of adhesive attachment means.
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-m-o2 pCT/US00/13842
18
The adhesive attachment means are respectively covered by removable release
liners, central pad release liner and flap release liner, both designated 86.
The pressure-
sensitive adhesives should be covered with release liners 86 to keep the
adhesives from
sticking to extraneous surfaces prior to use. Suitable release liners are
described in U.S.
Patent 4,917,697. A particularly preferred release liner which also serves as
an individual
package for wrapping the sanitary napkin is described in U.S. Patent 4,556,146
issued to
Swanson, et al.
The sanitary napkin 20 shown in FIGS. 1-3 may have a deformed region that
forms a hinge 70 between the main body portion 22 and at least a portion of
the flaps 24.
The sanitary napkin 20 preferably also has at least one zone of extensibility
(or "zone of
differential extensibility") 72 for relieving the stresses on the flaps 24
when they are
folded around a panty crotch. These are described in PCT publication WO
97/12576
published on April 10, 1997 titled "Absorbent Article Having Flaps With A
Deformed
Hinge And Zones Of Extensibility" which is incorporated herein by reference.
Skin care compositions are applied to at least a portion of the body
contacting
surface of the sanitary napkin 20. The skin care composition may be applied to
any
portion of the body contacting surface of the sanitary napkin 20. If desired,
the skin care
composition may be applied to a portion of the garment surface of the sanitary
napkin 20.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the skin care composition is preferably
applied to the
entirety of the topsheet 38 of the main body portion 22. The skin care
composition is also
preferably applied to the entire area of the integral topsheet 38 of the flaps
24.
Alternatively, the skin care composition may be applied to only a portion of
the topsheet
38 of the main body portion 22 and/or a portion of the integral topsheet 38 of
the flaps 24.
For example, the skin care composition may not be applied to the area of the
flaps 24
which is not expected to contact the wearer's skin in a normal use condition
of the sanitary
napkin 20 (e.g., the distal area 91 of the flap 24 which is adjacent to the
distal edge 62
(refer to FIG. 4)). However, if the skin care composition is applied to a
portion of the
sanitary napkin selectively, it is preferable that the skin care composition
is applied to the
flap folding area 90 where the flaps 24 are expected to be folded. The skin
care
composition applied to the flap folding area 90 of the sanitary napkin 20
reduces the
wearer's discomfort such as itch and/or abrasion due to rubbing of the flap
folding area 90
of the sanitary napkin 20 against the wearer's skin. If the skin care
composition is applied
to a portion of the sanitary napkin selectively, it is also preferable that
the skin care
composition is applied to longitudinal end areas 92 and 94 of the sanitary
napkin 20. The
skin care composition applied to the front end area 92 of the sanitary napkin
20 tends to
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-ii-o2 pCT/US00/13842
19
reduce itch at the front region of the sanitary napkin 20 (which corresponds
to the portion
of the wearer's body around pubic hairs). The skin care composition applied to
the back
end area 94 of the sanitary napkin 20 tends to reduce adherence of the
sanitary napkin to
the wearer's skin at the back region of the sanitary napkin 20 (which
corresponds to the
portion of the wearer's body around anus). It is also preferable that the skin
care
composition is applied to central area 96 of the sanitary napkin 20. The skin
care
composition applied to the central area 96 of the sanitary napkin 20 tends to
reduce
adherence of the sanitary napkin to the wearer's skin at the central region of
the sanitary
napkin 20 (which corresponds to the portion of the wearer's body around
vulva). In
another embodiment, if the sanitary napkin 20 has cuffs along the longitudinal
side edges
26, the surface of the cuffs may be treated with the skin care composition.
Numerous other embodiments of the sanitary napkin 20 are possible. For
example,
the main body portion of the sanitary napkin can be provided in the form of a
compound
sanitary napkin that has its components bonded as described herein for
improved integrity
and acquisition. General descriptions of compound sanitary napkins are found
in P&G's
U.S. Patent 4,425,130 entitled "Compound Sanitary Napkin" issued to DesMarais,
et al.
on January 10, 1984, and in Statutory Invention Registration H1614 entitled
"Body Fitting
Compound Sanitary Napkin", published in the name of Mayer, et al. on November
5,
1996. To form the compound sanitary napkin, a sanitary napkin such as that
described
herein can serve as the panty protector (or "base pad") and a tube of
absorbent material
wrapped by a topsheet (or "primary menstrual pad") can be placed on top of the
sanitary
napkin and attached thereto at the ends. The fusion bonding on the base pad is
preferably
distributed in the same manner as shown on the drawings herein. The attachment
of the
tube to the sanitary napkin is preferably achieved by fusion bonding
extensions of the
topsheet material at the ends of the tube to the base pad. In some preferred
embodiments
of such a compound sanitary napkin, there may also be attachment between the
ends of
the tube of absorbent material and the base pad. The tube of the compound
sanitary
napkin can be attached to the base pad between its ends by any suitable
attachment means,
such as by adhesives.
The skin care composition may be applied to the body contacting surface of
other
types of absorbent articles. Such absorbent articles having a body contacting
surface
include, but not limited to, tampons, interlabial absorbent articles, panti-
liners,
incontinence articles, diapers including infant diapers, training pants, adult
incontinence
diapers, etc.
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-m-o2 PCT/US00/13842
5
Herein "tampon" refers to any type of absorbent structure which is inserted
into
the vaginal canal or other body cavities for the absorption of fluid
therefrom. The basic
tampon structures are described in U.S. Patents 1,926,900 issued to Haas on
September
12, 1933; U.S. Patent 1,946,911 issued to Haas on July 3, 1934; and U.S.
Patent
3,322,123 issued to Giswold, et al. on May 30, 1967.
Herein "interlabial absorbent article" refers to an absorbent device that is
insertable into the interlabial space of a female wearer for catamenial
purposes,
incontinence protection, or both. Suitable interlabial absorbent articles are
disclosed in,
e.g., U.S. Patent 5,762,644 entitled "Toilet-Disposable Absorbent Interlabial
Device"
10 issued to Osborn, et al. on June 9, 1998; PCT Publication No. WO 98/29078
entitled
"Thin Comfortable Interlabial Absorbent Structure" published in the name of
Osborn, et
al. on July 9, 1998; U.S. Patent Des. 404,814 entitled "Interlabial Absorbent
Device"
issued to Mayer on January 26, 1999; U. S. Application Serial No. 09/071,425,
filed on
May 1, 1998 in the name of Brown, et al.
15 The terms "panty liner" or "panti-liner" refer to absorbent articles that
are less
bulky than sanitary napkins which are generally worn by women between their
menstrual
periods. Suitable absorbent articles are disclosed in, e.g., U.S. Pat. No.
4,738,676 entitled
"Pantiliner" issued to Osborn on Apr. 19, 1988.
Herein "incontinence article" refers to pads, undergarments (pads held in
place by
20 a suspension system of same type, such as a belt, or the la?;;~::r~,
inserts for absorbent
articles, capacity boosters for absorbent articles, briefs, bed pads, and the
like regardless
of whether they are worn by adults or other incontinent persons. Suitable
incontinence
articles are disclosed in, e.g., U.S. Patent No. 4,253,461 issued to
Strickland, et al. on
March 3, 1981; U.S. Patent Nos. 4,597,760 and 4,597,761 issued to Buell; the
above-
mentioned U.S. Patent No. 4,704,115; U.S. Patent No. 4,909,802 issued to Ahr,
et al.;
U.S. Patent No. 4,964,860 issued to Gipson, et al. on October 23, 1990; and in
U.S. Patent
Application Serial No. 07/637,090 filed by Noel, et al. on January 3, 1991
(PCT
Publication No. WO 92/11830 published on July 23, 1992).
Herein "diaper" refers to an absorbent article generally worn by infants, and
incontinent persons that is worn about the lower torso of the wearer. Suitable
diapers are
disclosed in, e.g., U.S. Patent 3,860,003 issued to Buell on January 14, 1975;
U.S. Patent
5,151,092 issued to Buell et al. on September 29, 1992; U.S. Patent 5,221,274
issued to
Buell et al. on June 22, 1993; and U.S. Patent 5,554,145 issued to Roe et al.
on September
10, 1996.
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-ii-o2 pCT/US00/13842
21
Herein "training pants" refers to disposable garments having fixed sides and
leg
openings. Training pants are placed in position on the wearer by inserting the
wearer's
legs into the leg openings and sliding the training pant into position about
the wearer's
lower torso. Suitable training pants are disclosed in, e.g., U.S. Patent No.
5,246,433,
issued to Hasse, et al. on September 21, 1993.
The skin care composition may be applied to a portion of or the entirety of
the
body contacting surface of absorbent articles. For example, the skin care
composition
may be applied on a portion of or the entirety of the topsheet of the
absorbent articles. If
the absorbent article has other portions which contact the wearer's skin such
as cuffs, the
skin care composition may be applied on a portion of or the entirety of those
portions.
Herein "cuff' includes leg cuffs including barrier cuffs, gasketing cuffs,
combinations and
variations thereof; transverse barriers and pockets/spacers; side panels; as
well as waist
cuffs including waist flaps, waistbands, waistcaps, and unitary
waistcap/waistbands; and
combinations of all or some of these cuffs.
Representative topsheets treated with a skin care composition are described
in,
e.g., U.S. Patent 5,643,588, "Diaper Having a Lotioned Topsheet", issued to
Roe, Bakes
& Warner on July 1, 1997; and U.S. Patent 5,635,191, "Diaper Having a Lotioned
Topsheet Containing a Polysiloxane Emollient", issued to Roe & Mackey on June
3,
1997; U.S. Patent 5,609,587, "Diaper Having a Lotioned Topsheet Comprising a
Liquid
Polyol Polyester Emollient and an Immobilizing Agent", issued to Roe on March
11,
1997; and U.S. Patent 5,607,760, "Disposable Absorbent Article Having a
Lotioned
Topsheet Containing an Emollient and a Polyol Polyester Immobilizing Agent",
issued to
Roe, on March 4, 1997; each of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Methods for
delivering a skin care composition via the repeated use of absorbent articles
having such
treated topsheets are disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Serial No.
08/926,532 "A
Method For Maintaining or Improving Skin Health", Elder, et al., filed on
September 10,
1997; U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 08/926,533 "A Method For Improving
Skin
Condition", Van Rijswijck, et al. filed on September 10, 1997; and U.S. Patent
Application Serial No. 08/908,852 "Diaper Having A Lotioned Topsheet", Roe, et
al. filed
on August 8, 1997; each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Representative
cuffs treated with a skin care composition are described in, e.g., U.S. Patent
Application
Serial No. 08/766,386 "Absorbent Articles Having Lotioned Leg Cuffs", Schulte
et al,
filed on December 3, 1996; U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 08/840,039
"Absorbent
Articles Having Lotioned Leg Cuffs Containing a Polysiloxane Emollient",
Schulte et al,
filed on April 24, 1997; U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 08/962,310
"Absorbent
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-m-o2 PCT/US00/13842
22
Article Having cuffs and Topsheet with Skin Care Composition Disposed
Thereon",
Schulte et al, filed on October 31, 1997; U.S. Patent Application Serial No.
08/962,312
"Absorbent Article Having cuffs and Topsheet with Skin Care Compositions)
Disposed
Thereon", Vanri et al, filed on October 31, 1997; each of which is
incorporated herein by
reference. Representative interlabial absorbent articles treated with a skin
care
composition are disclosed in, e.g., U.S. Patent Application Serial No.
08/869,897
"Emollient-Treated Absorbent Interlabial Device", Osborn et al, filed on June
5, 1997;
U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 08/869,700 "Absorbent Interlabial Device
Treated
With A Polysiloxane Emollient", Osborn et al, filed on June 5, 1997; each of
which is
incorporated herein by reference. Representative absorbent articles having
breathability
treated with a skin care composition are disclosed in, e.g., U.S. Patent
Application Serial
No. 08/926,566 "Disposable Absorbent Articles Providing a Skin Condition
Benefit",
ELDER et al., filed on 09/10/97.
B. Skin Care Composition.
While the specific skin care compositions) delivered (referred to herein as
"skin
care composition" and "composition") in accordance with the present invention
is an
important factor in delivering desirable skin effects, it is preferred that
the skin care
composition should provide a protective, nonocclusive function (e.g., a
relatively liquid
impervious but vapor pervious barrier) to avoid skin hyperhydration and skin
exposure to
materials contained in body exudates; an abrasion minimizing function to
reduce skin
irritation in the areas where the body contacting surface of absorbent
articles contact the
wearer's skin; or contain agents that deliver, either directly or indirectly,
skin care
benefits. For example, indirect benefits include improved removal of skin
irntants such
as menses, feces or urine. The composition may be in a variety of forms,
including, but
not limited to, emulsions, lotions, creams, ointments, salves, powders,
suspensions,
encapsulations, gels, and the like.
The skin care compositions are solid or semisolid at 20°C and are
solid or
semisolid at 40°C. Herein, "semisolid" means the skin care composition
has a
viscoelastic property (i.e., when no shear stress is applied, the skin care
composition has
the appearance of a solid. However, as shear stress is increased, the skin
care
composition can be made to flow as a fluid.) This property ensures the
stability of the
skin care composition under static conditions (e.g., under condition where the
product is
in storage and/or transportation) and maximize the availability of the skin
care
composition transferred to the skin for the skin effects under mechanical
shear (e.g., under
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-ii-o2 pCT/US00/13842
23
condition where the product is worn by the wearer and shear stress is applied
to the skin
care composition).
The skin care composition has viscosity of more than about 105 Poise under
shear
stress of less than about 3X104 dynes/cm2, and viscosity of less than about
102 Poise
under shear stress of more than about 106 dynes/cm2, at 40°C.
Preferably, the skin care
composition has viscosity of more than about 106 Poise under shear stress of
less than
about 3X104 dynes/cm2, and viscosity of less than about 101 Poise under shear
stress of
more than about 106 dynes/cm2, at 40°C. Herein, 40°C represents
the temperature which
the skin care composition potentially experiences while the article is in
storage or
transported or worn in contact with the skin. Shear stress of about 3X104
dynes/cm2
represents the maximum shear stress applied to the skin care composition while
the article
is in storage or transported. Shear stress of about 106 dynes/cm2 represents
the shear
stress applied to the skin care composition at least once while the article is
worn.
Viscosity of about 105 Poise is the lowermost viscosity required for
preventing the skin
care composition from migrating in storage or transportation. Viscosity of
more than
about 106 Poise is more preferable to prevent the skin care composition from
migrating.
Viscosity of about 102 Poise is the uppermost viscosity required for obtaining
the
effective lubrication between the wearer's skin and the body contacting
surface of the
article and transfer of the skin care composition onto the wearer's skin.
Viscosity of less
than about 10' Poise is more preferable for effective lubrication and transfer
of the skin
care composition. Viscosity at various shear stress should be measured by
available
Rheometers such as cone to plate or plate to plate type Rheometers (e.g.
Rheometer SR-
2000, Rheometrics Inc.), at 40°C.
FIG. 5 shows a graph of shear stress vs. viscosity of one example of preferred
skin
care composition. When the skin care composition has viscosity of more than,
about 105
Poise under shear stress of about less than 3X104 dynes/cm2 at 40°C,
the skin care
composition has less tendency to migrate into the interior of the article in
storage or
transportation and has more tendency to remain on the body contacting surface
of the
article. When the skin care composition has viscosity of less than about 102
Poise under
shear stress of more than about 106 dynes/cm2 at 40°C, the skin care
composition has
more tendency to transfer to the wearer's skin. Thus, the skin care
composition tends to
remain stable on the body contacting surface of the article in storage or
transportation,
thereby requiring less initial amount of skin care composition disposed on the
body
contacting surface. Once the absorbent article is worn by the wearer, the skin
care
composition is exposed to higher shear stress than the shear stress in storage
or
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-ii-o2 pCT/US00/13842
24
transportation. Thereby, the skin care composition starts to flow and
effective amount of
the skin care composition is transferred to the wearer's skin. Herein, the
term "effective
amount of a skin care composition" refers to an amount of a particular
composition
which, when applied or migrated to ("disposed on") the body contacting
surface, will be
effective in delivering desirable skin effects mentioned above.
The skin care compositions also have consistency of not more than about 300,
preferably of not more than about 150, more preferably of not more than about
100, at
40°C. Herein "consistency" means resistance against deformation of skin
care
composition. When the skin care composition has consistency of not more than
about
300 at 40°C, the skin care composition has more tendency to remain on
the body
contacting surface of the absorbent article. Consistency can be measured by
Penetrometer
described in ASTM D5, at 40°C. The Penetrometer which is used for
measuring
consistency is supplied by Petrolab Company, 874 Albany-Shaker Road, Latham,
NY,
under the designation of PNR-10.
The effective amount of composition disposed on the body contacting surface
will
depend, to a large extent, on the particular skin care composition used, a
portion of the
body contacting surface where the skin care composition is applied, and/or a
product form
(e.g., diaper, sanitary napkin, etc.). Nonetheless, the minimum quantity of
the skin care
composition disposed on at least a portion of the body contacting surface of
absorbent
articles will preferably be not less than about 0.05 mg/in2 (0.0078 mg/cm2),
more
preferably not less than about 0.1 mg/in2 (0.016 mg/cm2), st~l1 more
preferably not less
than about 0.5 mg/in2 (0.078 mg/cm2). The maximum quantity of the skin care
composition disposed on at least a portion of the body contacting surface will
preferably
be not more than about 80 mg/in2 (12 mg/cm2), more preferably not more than
about 25
mg/in2 (3.9 mg/cm2), still more preferably not more than about 5 mg/in2 (0.8
mg/cm2).
These ranges are by way of illustration only and the skilled artisan will
recognize that the
nature of the composition will dictate the level that must be disposed thereon
to achieve
the desired skin effects, and that such levels are ascertainable by routine
experimentation
in light of the present disclosure. Particularly when the skin care
composition such as that
described in Example 1 is applied to the body contacting surface (i.e., the
topsheet 38 of
the main body portion 22 and the flap 24) of the sanitary napkin shown in FIG.
1, the
quantity of the skin care composition disposed on the body contacting surface
preferably
ranges from about 0.05 mg/in2 (0.0078 mg/cm2) to about 25 mg/in2 (3.9 mg/cm2),
more
preferably from about 0.1 mg/in2 (0.016 mg/cm2) to about 10 mg/in2 (1.5
mg/cm2), still
more preferably from about 0.5 mg/in2 (0.078 mg/cm2) to about 4 mg/in2 (0.6
mg/cm2).
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-m-o2 PCT/US00/13842
The skin care compositions may comprise: (1) one or more emollients) (2) one
or
more immobilizing agents) to stabilize the emollients) (3) one or more skin
care active
ingredient(s), and (4) other optional components. Although the kind, grade and
content of
each component of the skin care compositions are arbitrary, the skin care
composition
5 including at least one skin care active ingredient satisfies viscosity of
more than about 105
Poise under shear stress of less than about 3X104 dynes/cm2, and viscosity of
less than
about 102 Poise under shear stress of more than about 106 dynes/cm2, at
40°C.
Especially, when the skin care composition comprises emollients and
immobilizing
agents, the selected ranges of quantity of emollients and immobilizing agents
help to
10 achieve the above viscosity range. Namely, the skin care composition
comprises from
about 40 to about 90% of the emollient. Preferably, the skin care composition
comprises
from about 50 to about 85%, more preferably from about 60 to about 80%, of the
emollient. The skin care composition comprises from about 10 to about 60% of
the
immobilizing agent. Preferably, the skin care composition comprises from about
1 S to
15 about 50%, more preferably from about 20 to about 40%, of the immobilizing
agent.
1. Emollient
One key component of the skin care composition is one or more emollient(s).
The
emollients are selected from materials that soften, smoothen, coat,
moisturize, lubricate or
cleanses the skin. In general, an emollient simultaneously accomplishes
several of these
20 objectives such as smoothing, moisturizing and lubricating the skin. The
emollient
preferably has a viscoelastic consistency at 20°C. However, this is not
essential as long
as the skin care composition such as the combination of the emollients and the
other
components (e.g., immobilizing agents) satisfies the viscosity described
above.
The emollients are also substantially free of water. Herein, substantially
free of
25 water means that water is not intentionally added to the emollients.
Addition of water to
the emollients is not needed in preparing or using the skin care compositions.
However,
minor and or trace quantities of water in the emollient that are contained as
the results of
ambient humidity can be tolerated without adverse effect. Typically, the
emollients
contain about 5% or less water, preferably about 1% or less water, most
preferably about
0.5% or less water.
The emollients are preferably hydrophobic such that the sweat, feces, and/or
the
menses form larger contact angle against the emollient than against the skin
and or the
topsheet of the article. The hydrophobic emollient reduces wetting of the
sweat, feces
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-ii-o2 PCT/US00/13842
26
and/or the menses against the skin and or the topsheet of the article, thereby
reducing
sticky feeling on the wearer's skin.
The emollients include petroleum-based, fatty acid ester type, alkyl
ethoxylate
type, fatty acid ester ethoxylates, fatty alcohol type, polysiloxane type, or
mixtures of
them.
Petroleum-based emollients include petrolatum. Petrolatum is a mixture of
aliphatic hydrocarbons having alkyl chain length of 16 or more and possesses
inherently a
jelly appearance and a jelly hand. Petrolatum is also sometimes categorized as
a mixture
of mineral oil and microcrystalline wax. Herein, mineral oil refers to a
fraction of
petrolatum having less viscous mixtures of hydrocarbons having alkyl chain
length of
from 16 to 24. Herein, microcrystalline wax refers to a fraction of petrolatum
having
more viscous mixtures of hydrocarbons having alkyl chain length of 25 or more.
Petrolatum as the emollient provides the smoothness of the skin because of its
jelly hand.
Also, petrolatum as the emollient coats the skin or can be absorbed by skin,
thereby
resulting in moisturizing the skin.
Petrolatum contains heavy aliphatic hydrocarbons and light aliphatic
hydrocarbons. The heavy aliphatic hydrocarbons and the light aliphatic
hydrocarbons can
be defined by alkyl chain length of alkanes in petrolatum including both
normal chain and
isomers. The light aliphatic hydrocarbons of petrolatum tends to migrate
faster than the
heavy aliphatic hydrocarbons of petrolatum because molecular weight and
diameter of
molecules determine the flow property (i.e., viscosity) and diffusion rate of
aliphatic
hydrocarbons. Therefore, it is preferable that the heavy aliphatic
hydrocarbons presents
more than the light aliphatic hydrocarbons in petrolatum. The amount of the
heavy
aliphatic hydrocarbons and the light aliphatic hydrocarbons is comparable by
weight
((weight = (the number of the molecules) x (molecular weight of the
molecules)).
Reduction of the light aliphatic hydrocarbons contributes to reduce migration
of
petrolatum. However, too much heavy aliphatic hydrocarbons may render the skin
care
composition too hard to flow. Therefore, the balance between the amount of the
heavy
aliphatic hydrocarbons and the amount of the light aliphatic hydrocarbons
should be
made. Petrolatum preferably has the heavy aliphatic hydrocarbons having alkyl
chain
length of from 33-36 more than the light aliphatic hydrocarbons having alkyl
chain length
of from 23-26. In this case, the ratio of the heavy aliphatic hydrocarbons to
the light
aliphatic hydrocarbons is preferably between 2.0 : 1.0 and 1.0 : 1.0, more
preferably
between 1.5 : 1.0 and 1.0 : 1Ø More preferably, petrolatum has the heavy
aliphatic
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-m-o2 PCT/US00/13842
27
hydrocarbons having alkyl chain length of from 30-36 more than the light
aliphatic
hydrocarbons having alkyl chain length of from 20-26. In this case, the ratio
of the heavy
aliphatic hydrocarbons to the light aliphatic hydrocarbons is preferably
between 2.5 : 1.0
and 1.0 : 1.0, more preferably between 2.0 : 1.0 and 1.0 : 1Ø Yet
preferably, petrolatum
has the heavy aliphatic hydrocarbons having alkyl chain length of from 27-36
more than
the light aliphatic hydrocarbons having alkyl chain length of from 17-26. In
this case, the
ratio of the heavy aliphatic hydrocarbons to the light aliphatic hydrocarbons
is preferably
between 3.5 : 1.0 and 1.5 : 1.0, more preferably between 3.0 : 1.0 and 2.0 :
1Ø
Suitable fatty acid esters include those derived from C12-C2g fatty acids,
preferably C16-C24 saturated fatty acids, and short chain (C1-Cg, preferably
C1-C3)
monohydric alcohols. Representative examples of such esters include methyl
palmitate,
methyl stearate, isopropyl laurate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate,
ethylhexyl
palmitate and mixtures thereof. Suitable fatty acid esters can also be derived
from esters
of longer chain fatty alcohols (C12-C2g, preferably C12-C16) and shorter chain
fatty
acids e.g. lactic acid such as lauryl lactate and cetyl lactate. Fatty acid
esters as the
emollients provide the smoothness of the skin. Also, fatty acid esters as the
emollients
coat the skin, thereby resulting in moisturizing the skin.
Suitable alkyl ethoxylates include C12-C22 fatty alcohol ethoxylates having an
average degree of ethoxylation of from about 2 to about 30. Preferably, the
fatty alcohol
ethoxylate is selected from the group consisting of lauryl, cetyl, and stearyl
ethoxylates,
and mixtures thereof, having an average degree of ethoxylation ranging from
about 2 to
about 23. Representative examples of such alkyl ethoxylates include laureth-3
(a lauryl
ethoxylate having an average degree of ethoxylation of 3), laureth-23 (a
lauryl ethoxylate
having an average degree of ethoxylation of 23), ceteth-10 (a cetyl alcohol
ethoxylate
having an average degree of ethoxylation of 10) and steareth-10 (a stearyl
alcohol
ethoxylate having an average degree of ethoxylation of 10). These alkyl
ethoxylates as
the emollients are typically used in combination with petrolatum as the
emollient, at a
weight ratio of alkyl ethoxylate emollient to petrolatum emollient of from
about 1:1 to
about 1:5, preferably from about 1:2 to about 1:4.
Suitable fatty alcohols include C12-C24 fatty alcohols, preferably C16-C24
fatty
alcohols, most preferable C 1 g-C24 alcohols. Representative examples include
cetyl
alcohol, stearyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol and mixtures thereof. These fatty
alcohols as the
emollients are typically used in combination with petrolatum as the emollient,
at a weight
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-ii-o2 pCT/US00/13842
28
ratio of fatty alcohol emollient to petrolatum emollient of from about 1:1 to
about 1:5,
preferably from about 1:1 to about 1:2.
Other suitable types of emollients include polysiloxane compounds which
sometimes are called silicone compounds or silicone polymer compounds instead.
In
general suitable polysiloxane compounds include those having monomeric
siloxane units
of the following structure:
R1
-Si-O-
R2
wherein, R1 and R2, for each independent siloxane monomeric unit can each
independently be hydrogen or any alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkaryl, arakyl,
cycloalkyl,
halogenated hydrocarbon, or other radical. Any of such radicals can be
substituted or
unsubstituted. R1 and R2 radicals of any particular monomeric unit may differ
from the
corresponding functionalities of the next adjoining monomeric unit.
Additionally, the
polysiloxane can be either a straight chain, a branched chain or have a cyclic
structure.
The radicals R1 and R2 can additionally independently be other silaceous
functionalities
such as, but not limited to siloxanes, polysiloxanes, silanes, and
polysilanes. The radicals
R1 and R2 may contain any of a variety of organic functionalities including,
for example,
alcohol, carboxylic acid, phenyl, and amine functionalities.
Exemplary alkyl radicals are methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl,
octyl, decyl,
octadecyl, and the like. Exemplary alkenyl radicals are vinyl, allyl, and the
like.
Exemplary aryl radicals are phenyl, diphenyl, naphthyl, and the like.
Exemplary alkaryl
radicals are toyl, xylyl, ethylphenyl, and the like. Exemplary aralkyl
radicals are benzyl,
alpha-phenylethyl, beta-phenylethyl, alpha-phenylbutyl, and the like.
Exemplary
cycloalkyl radicals are cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and the like.
Exemplary
halogenated hydrocarbon radicals are chloromethyl, bromoethyl,
tetrafluorethyl,
fluorethyl, trifluorethyl, trifluorotloyl, hexafluoroxylyl, and the like.
Viscosity of polysiloxanes useful may vary as widely as the viscosity of
polysiloxanes in general vary, so long as the polysiloxane is flowable or can
be made to
be flowable for application to the article topsheet. This includes, but is not
limited to,
viscosity as low as 5 centistokes (at 37°C as measured by a glass
viscometer) to about
20,000,000 centistokes. Preferably the polysiloxanes have a viscosity at
37°C ranging
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-m-o2 pCT/US00/13842
29
from about 5 to about 5,000 centistokes, more preferably from about 5 to about
2,000
centistokes, most preferably from about 100 to about 1000 centistokes. High
viscosity
polysiloxanes which themselves are resistant to flowing can be effectively
deposited upon
the topsheet of the article by such methods as, for example, emulsifying the
polysiloxane
in surfactant or providing the polysiloxane in solution with the aid of a
solvent, such as
hexane, listed for exemplary purposes only. Particular methods for applying
polysiloxane
emollients onto the topsheet of the article are discussed in more detail
hereinafter.
Preferred polysiloxanes compounds are disclosed in U.S. Patent 5,059,282
(Ampulski et al), issued October 22, 1991, which is incorporated herein by
reference.
Particularly preferred polysiloxane compounds for use as emollients in the
skin care
compositions include phenyl-functional polymethylsiloxane compounds (e.g., Dow
Corning 556 Cosmetic-Grade Fluid: polyphenylmethylsiloxane) and cetyl or
stearyl
functionalized dimethicones such as Dow 2502 and Dow 2503 polysiloxane fluids,
respectively. In addition to such substitution with phenyl-functional or alkyl
groups ,
effective substitution may be made with amino, carboxyl, hydroxyl, ether,
polyether,
aldehyde, ketone, amide, ester, and thiol groups. Of these effective
substituent groups,
the family of groups comprising phenyl, amino, alkyl, carboxyl, and hydroxyl
groups are
more preferred than the others; and phenyl-functional groups are most
preferred.
Besides petrolatum emollient, fatty acid ester emollients, fatty acid ester
ethoxylate emollients, alkyl ethoxylate emollients, fatty alcohol emollients,
and
polysiloxane compound emollients, the emollients can include minor amounts
(e.g. up to
about 10% of the total emollient) of other, conventional emollients. These
other,
conventional emollients include propylene glycol, glycerine, triethylene
glycol,
spermaceti or other waxes, fatty acids, and fatty alcohol ethers having from
12 to 28
carbon atoms . in their fatty chain, such as stearic acid, propoxylated fatty
alcohols;
glycerides, acetoglycerides, and ethoxylated glycerides of C12-C2g fatty
acids; other fatty
esters of polyhydroxy alcohols; lanolin and its derivatives. These other
emollients should
be included in a manner such that the solid or semisolid characteristics of
the skin care
composition are maintained.
The amount of emollient that can be included in the skin care composition will
depend on a variety of factors, including the particular emollient involved,
the desirable
benefits, the other components in the skin care composition and like factors.
2. Immobilizing Agent
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-m-o2 PCT/US00/13842
Another key component of skin care compositions is immobilizing agents.
Immobilizing agents are capable of thickening emollients of skin care
compositions.
Immobilizing agents may be soluble in emollients or insoluble in emollients.
Without
wishing to be bound by the theory, it is believed that immobilizing agents
form
5 microscopic networks in the skin care composition (e.g., emollient) to
thicken the skin
care composition. Herein, "microscopic network" refers to the network whose
units are
molecules of immobilizing agents being soluble in emollients, or particles of
immobilizing agents being insoluble in emollients. Particularly, "microscopic
network"
of immobilizing agents being soluble in emollients is sometimes referred to as
"liquid
10 crystal". In the microscopic network, molecules or particles form
flexible/weak
connection among molecules or particles.
The immobilizing agent should be homogeneously dispersed in the skin care
composition such that less amount of immobilizing agent is required to impart
expected
thickening. Less amount of immobilizing agent contained in the skin care
composition
15 allows more amount of emollient, which is one of the actives for expected
skin effects, in
the skin care composition. The immobilizing agent homogeneously dispersed in
the skin
care composition also enables to control variability of the quality of the
skin care
composition. Preferably, the immobilizing agent has sufficient solubility or
dispersability
in the emollient. In most cases and preferred cases, the emollients are
hydrophobic. In
20 this case the immobilizing agents should be also hydrophobic so that the
emollient and
the immobilizing agent can achieve a desired homogeneous mixture. The
immobilizing
agents and the emollients are sometimes compounded while both of them are
molten.
The immobilizing agents being soluble in emollients can be selected from the
group consisting of C 14-C24 fatty alcohols, C 12-C24 fatty acids, and C 12-
C24 fatty
25 alcohol ethoxylates having an average degree of ethoxylation ranging from 2
to about 30,
and mixtures thereof. Preferred immobilizing agents include C16-C24 fatty
alcohols,
more preferably C 1 g-C24 fatty alcohols. Representative examples include
stearyl
alcohol, arachidyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, lignoceryl alcohol, and mixtures
thereof.
Herein, "stearyl alcohol" refers to a mixtured fatty alcohol containing C 1 g
fatty alcohol as
30 a major component. Herein, "arachidyl alcohol" refers to a mixtured fatty
alcohol
containing C20 fatty alcohol as a major component. Herein, "behenyl alcohol"
refers to a
mixtured fatty alcohol containing C22 fatty alcohol as a major component.
Herein,
"lignocaryl alcohol" refers to a mixtured fatty alcohol containing C24 fatty
alcohol as a
major component. Preferably, the immobilizing agent comprises behenyl alcohol.
Behenyl alcohol as the immobilizing agent preferably comprises C22 fatty
alcohol as a
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-ii-o2 PCT/US00/13842
31
major component and a minor quantity of C24 fatty alcohol. Behenyl alcohol may
also
comprise C 1 g fatty alcohol and C20 fatty alcohol. By containing a minor
quantity of C24
fatty alcohol in behenyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol provides the emollients with
more
stability and more efficiently immobilizes the emollients of the skin care
composition.
When behenyl alcohol comprises C 1 g fatty alcohol, C20 fatty alcohol, C22
fatty alcohol,
and C24 fatty alcohol, the ratio of each component is preferably as follows:
from about 50
to about 99.99 % of C22 fatty alcohol, more preferably from about 63 % to
about 84.9
of C22 fatty alcohol; from about 0.01 % to about 3 % of C24 fatty alcohol,
more
preferably from about 0.1 % to about 2 % of C24 fatty alcohol; from 0 % to
about 27 % of
C20 fatty alcohol, more preferably from about 10 % to about 20 % of C20 fatty
alcohol;
from 0 % to about 20 % of C 1 g fatty alcohol, more preferably from about 5 %
to about 1 S
of C 1 g fatty alcohol. One of preferable behenyl alcohols as the immobilizing
agent is
Lanette 22 available from Henkel Corp. Cospha, 300 Brookside Avenue,Ambler, PA
19002.
Other preferred immobilizing agents include C16-C24 fatty acids, more
preferably
Clg-C24 fatty acids selected from the group consisting of stearic acid,
behenic acid and
mixtures thereof. Behenic acid is most preferred. Still other preferred
immobilizing
agents include C16-C24 fatty alcohol ethoxylates having an average degree of
ethoxylation ranging from about 5 to about 20. Preferably, the fatty alcohols,
fatty acids
and fatty alcohols are linear and do not contain branched isomers.
Importantly, these preferred immobilizing agents such as the C 1 g-C24 fatty
alcohols are assumed to provide the microscopic network in the skin care
composition,
thereby resulting in the skin care composition which is far thicker than only
the emollients
which are included in the skin care composition. These preferred immobilizing
agents
such as Clg-C24 fatty alcohols are soluble enough to form homogeneous mixtures
of the
emollients and the immobilizing agents.
Other types of immobilizing agents being soluble in emollients can be used
either
alone or in combination with the fatty alcohols, fatty acids, and fatty
alcohol ethoxylates
described above. Examples of these other types of immobilizing agents includes
polyhydroxy fatty acid esters, polyhydroxy fatty acid amides, and mixtures
thereof.
Preferred esters and amides will have three or more free hydroxy groups on the
polyhydroxy moiety and are typically nonionic in character. Because of the
possible skin
sensitivity of those using article topsheets to which the skin care
composition is applied,
these esters and amides should also be relatively mild and non-irntating to
the skin.
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32
Suitable polyhydroxy fatty acid esters will have the formula:
O
II
R- C -O Y
- n
wherein R is a CS-C31 hydrocarbyl group, preferably straight chain C~-C19
alkyl or
alkenyl, more preferably straight chain Cg-C1~ alkyl or alkenyl, most
preferably straight
chain C11-Cl~ alkyl or alkenyl, or mixture thereof; Y is a
polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl
moiety having a hydrocarbyl chain with at least 2 free hydroxyls directly
connected to the
chain; and n is at least 1. Suitable Y groups can be derived from polyols such
as glycerol,
pentaerythritol; sugars such as raffinose, maltodextrose, galactose, sucrose,
glucose,
xylose, fructose, maltose, lactose, mannose and erythrose; sugar alcohols such
as
erythritol, xylitol, malitol, mannitol and sorbitol; and anhydrides of sugar
alcohols such as
sorbitan.
One class of suitable polyhydroxy fatty acid esters comprises certain sorbitan
esters, preferably the sorbitan esters of C16-C22 saturated fatty acids.
Because of the
manner in which they are typically manufactured, these sorbitan esters usually
comprise
mixtures of mono-, di-, tri-, etc. esters. Representative examples of suitable
sorbitan
esters include sorbitan palinitates (e.g., SPAN 40), sorbitan steaibt~~s
(e.g., SPAN 60), and
sorbitan behenates, that comprise one or more of the mono-, di- and tri-ester
versions of
these sorbitan esters, e.g., sorbitan mono-, di- and tri-palmitate, sorbitan
mono-, di- and
tri-stearate, sorbitan mono-, di and tri-behenate, as well as mixed tallow
fatty acid
sorbitan mono-, di- and tri-esters. Mixtures of different sorbitan esters can
also be used,
such as sorbitan palmitates with sorbitan stearates. Particularly preferred
sorbitan esters
are the sorbitan stearates, typically as a mixture of mono-, di- and tri-
esters (plus some
tetraester) such as SPAN 60, and sorbitan stearates sold under the trade name
GLYCOMUL-S by Lonza, Inc. Although these sorbitan esters typically contain
mixtures
of mono-, di- and tri-esters, plus some tetraester, the mono- and di-esters
are usually the
predominant species in these mixtures.
Another class of suitable polyhydroxy fatty acid esters comprises certain
glyceryl
monoesters, preferably glyceryl monoesters of C16-C24 saturated fatty acids
such as
glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl monopalmitate, and glyceryl monobehenate.
Again, like
the sorbitan esters, glyceryl monoester mixtures will typically contain some
di- and
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-ii-o2 PCT/US00/13842
33
triester. However, such mixtures should contain predominantly the glyceryl
monoester
species to be useful.
Another class of suitable polyhydroxy fatty acid esters comprises certain
sucrose
fatty acid esters, preferably the C12-C24 saturated fatty acid esters of
sucrose. Sucrose
monoesters and diesters are particularly preferred and include sucrose mono-
and di-
stearate and sucrose mono- and di- laurate.
Suitable polyhydroxy fatty acid amides will have the formula:
O R~
II I
R2-C-N-Z
wherein Rl is H, Cl-C4 hydrocarbyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl,
methoxyethyl,
methoxypropyl or a mixture thereof, preferably Cl-C4 alkyl, methoxyethyl or
methoxypropyl, more preferably C 1 or C2 alkyl or methoxypropyl , most
preferably C 1
alkyl (i.e., methyl) or methoxypropyl; and R2 is a CS-C31 hydrocarbyl group,
preferably
straight chain C7-C 1 g alkyl or alkenyl, more preferably straight chain Cg-C
17 alkyl or
alkenyl, most preferably straight chain C11-C17 alkyl or alkenyl, or mixture
thereof; and
Z is a polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl moiety having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with at
least 3
hydroxyls directly connected to the chain. See U.S. patent 5,174, 927 (Honsa),
issued
December 29, 1992 (herein incorporated by reference) which discloses these
polyhydroxy
fatty acid amides, as well as their preparation.
The Z moiety preferably will be derived from a reducing sugar in a reductive
amination reaction; most preferably glycityl. Suitable reducing sugars include
glucose,
fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose, and xylose. High dextrose corn
syrup,
high fructose corn syrup, and high maltose corn syrup can be utilized, as well
as the
individual sugars listed above. These corn syrups can yield mixtures of sugar
components
for the Z moiety.
The Z moiety preferably will be selected from the group consisting of -CH2_
(CHOH)n-CH20H, -CH(CH20H)-[(CHOH)n-1]-CH20H, -CH20H-CH2-
(CHOH)2(CHOR3)(CHOH)-CH20H, where n is an integer from 3 to 5, and R3 is H or
a
cyclic or aliphatic monosaccharide. Most preferred are the glycityls where n
is 4,
particularly -CH2-(CHOH)4-CH20H.
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-m-o2 PCT/US00/13842
34
In the above formula, R1 can be, for example, N-methyl, N-ethyl, N-propyl, N-
isopropyl, N-butyl, N-2-hydroxyethyl, N-methoxypropyl or N-2-hydroxypropyl,.
R2 can
be selected to provide, for example, cocamides, stearamides, oleamides,
lauramides,
myristamides, capricamides, palmitamides, tallowamides, etc. The Z moiety can
be 1-
deoxyglucityl, 2-deoxyfructityl, 1-deoxymaltityl, 1-deoxylactityl, 1-
deoxygalactityl, 1-
deoxymannityl, 1-deoxymaltotriotityl, etc.
The most preferred polyhydroxy fatty acid amides have the general formula:
O R~ OH
II I I
R2-C-N-C H2 C H C H2-OH
4
wherein R1 is methyl or methoxypropyl; R2 is a C11-Cl~ straight-chain alkyl or
alkenyl
group. These include N-lauryl-N-methyl glucamide, N-lauryl-N-methoxypropyl
glucamide, N-cocoyl-N-methyl glucamide, N-cocoyl-N-methoxypropyl glucamide, N-
palmityl-N-methoxypropyl glucamide, N-tallowyl-N-methyl glucamide, or N-
tallowyl-N-
methoxypropyl glucamide.
As previously noted, some of the immobilizing agents require an emulsifier for
solubilization in the emollient. This is particularly the case for certain of
the glucamides
such as the N-alkyl-N-methoxypropyl glucamides having HLB values of at least
about 7.
Suitable emulsifiers will typically include those having HLB values below
about 7. In
this regard, the sorbitan esters previously described, such as the sorbitan
stearates, having
HLB values of about 4.9 or less have been found useful in solubilizing these
glucamide
immobilizing agents in petrolatum. Other suitable emulsifiers include steareth-
2
(polyethylene glycol ethers of stearyl alcohol that conform to the formula
CH3(CH2)l~(OCH2CH2)nOH, where n has an average value of 2), sorbitan
tristearate,
isosorbide laurate, and glyceryl monostearate. The emulsifier can be included
in an
amount sufficient to solubilize the immobilizing agent in the emollient such
that a
substantially homogeneous mixture is obtained. For example, an approximately
1:1
mixture of N-cocoyl-N-methyl glucamide and petrolatum that will normally not
melt into
a single phase mixture, will melt into a single phase mixture upon the
addition of 20% of
a 1:l mixture of Steareth-2 and sorbitan tristearate as the emulsifier.
Other types of ingredients being soluble in emollients that can be used as
immobilizing agents, either alone, or in combination with the above-mentioned
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-ii-o2 pCT/US00/13842
immobilizing agents, include waxes such as carnauba wax, beeswax, candelilla
wax,
paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, castol wax, ceresin, esparto, ouricuri,
rezowax,
polyethylene wax, and other known waxes. Preferably the wax is a
microcrystalline wax.
An example of a particularly preferred microcrystalline wax is Multiwax W-835,
Witco
5 Corporation, One American Lane, Greenwich, CT06831-2559.
The immobilizing agents being insoluble in emollients are particulate
thickeners.
Herein "particulate thickener" means the immobilizing agent being in the form
of small,
finely divided particles. The particulate thickener is able to enhance smooth
feeling or
lubricant effect of the skin care composition because of its particle
structure. For
10 example, fumed silica is so spherical like a "ball" that it can act as a
bearing, when shear
force is applied, resulting in a lubricant effect. Bentonite or hectorite
consists of a
plurality of thin layers which can slide easily thus resulting in smooth
feeling. The
average diameter or the corresponding average diameter may be less than about
100
microns, preferably less than about 20 microns, more preferably less than
about 10
15 microns. When the particle has a different shape from a sphere, the
corresponding
diameter of the non-spherical particle can be represented by a diameter of a
sphere having
the same volume as the non-spherical particle. The corresponding diameter can
be
measured by Laser Particle Analyzer supplied by Honeywell Inc., Honeywell
Plaza,
Minneapolis, MN, under the designation of Microtrac X-100.
20 The particulate thickener is essentially insoluble in the emollient but can
be
dispersed forming the microscopic network therein and provide a solid
structure for the
emollient. The particulate thickener can be selected from the group consisting
of silica,
treated silica, fumed silica, polyrnethacrylate polymers, polymethacrylate and
styrene
copolymers, calicum silicate, treated calcium silicate, treated bentonite,
treated hectorite,
25 and mixtures thereof. A preferred particulate thickener for use herein is
fumed silica.
More preferred for use herein is surface-treated fumed silica. Even more
preferred is a
fumed silica selected from the group consisting of polyalkylsiloxane treated
fumed silica,
trialkylsilanized fumed silica, dialkyldisilanized fumed silica, and mixtures
thereof. Most
preferred is a fumed silica selected from the group consisting of
polydimethylsiloxane
30 treated fumed silica, trimethylsilanized fumed silica, dimethyldisilanized
finned silica,
and mixtures thereof.
Silica is also known as silicon dioxide or silicic anhydride, which can be
represented by the chemical formula Si02. A variety of different types of
silicas which
are useful herein, are known fumed or arced silica, precipitated silica,
silica gel,
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-ii-o2 PCT/US00/13842
36
amorphous silica, and silica sols and colloids. Fumed silica, which is also
known as arced
silica, is produced by the vapor phase hydrolysis of silicon tetrachloride in
a hydrogen
oxygen flame. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that the
combustion process
creates silicon dioxide molecules which condense to form particles. The
particles collide,
attach and sinter together. The result of this process is a three dimensional
branched
chain aggregate. Once the aggregate cools below the fusion point of silica,
which is about
1710° C., further collisions result in mechanical entanglement of the
chains to form
agglomerates. Precipitated silicas and silica gels are generally made in
aqueous solution.
Amorphous silicas are generally naturally occurring microcrystalline forms of
the
material. Silica sols and colloids are dispersions of amorphous silica in an
aqueous
solution
The fumed silica and treated fumed silica preferably have a mean particle size
for
the agglomerates, i.e., a mean agglomerate particle size, of from about 0.1
microns to
about 100 microns, preferably from about 1 micron to about 50 microns, and
more
preferably from about 10 microns to about 30 microns. The agglomerates are
composed
of aggregates which having a mean particle size, i.e., a mean aggregate
particle size, from
about 0.01 microns to about 1 S microns, preferably from about 0.05 microns to
about 10
microns, more preferably from about 0.1 microns to about 5 microns, and most
preferably
from about 0.2 microns to about 0.3 microns.
The fumed silica agglomerates typically have active hydroxyl groups. It is
desirable to treat these fumed silicas to render the hydroxyl gro4.r~s less
reactive especially
when the emollient in the skin care composition is hydrophobic. A useful
method of
treatment is to coat the fumed silica with a nonpolar organic compound to
render the
active hydroxyl groups less reactive. Preferred organic compounds for
treatment include
polyalkylsiloxanes, with polydimethylsiloxanes being most preferred. A
commercially
available polydimethylsiloxane treated fumed silicas useful herein are sold
under the trade
name CAB-O-Sil~ TS-720 by Cabot Corporation, Tuscola, IL, or Aerosil 8972 by
Degussa AG, Germany, both of which have a surface area of around 120 mZ/g and
a bulk
density of 50 g/L. Another useful method of treatment is to chemically react
the hydroxyl
groups of the fumed silica with a silanizing agent, e.g.,
diemthyldichlorosiliane or
hexamethyldisilizane. In these chemically treated silicas, the free hydroxyl
groups of the
silica are replaced with an oxygen-silicon bond of the silanizing agent. A
commercially
available trimethyl silanized fumed silica is sold under the trade name CAB-0-
Sil~ TS-
530, by Cabot Corporation, Tuscola, IL, which has a surface area of about 220
mz/g and a
bulk density of SO g/L. A commercially available dimethyldisilanized fumed
silica is sold
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-m-o2 PCT/US00/13842
37
under the trade name CAB-O-SIL~ TS-610, by Cabot Corporation, Tuscola, IL,
which
has a surface area of about 120 m2/g and a bulk density of 50 g/L.
The particulate thickeners also useful herein are polymethacrylate polymers
and
polymethacrylate and styrene copolymers. These materials are swellable
polymers which
are useful for absorbing liquid compositions to provide a thickening or
gelling effect on
the liquid. The polymethacrylate polymers are homopolymers of methacrylic acid
esters,
preferably the methyl or ethyl esters, which are optionally crosslinked with
any of the
common crosslinking agents. The polymethacrylate and styrene copolymers are
copolymers of methacrylic acid esters, preferably the methyl or ethyl esters,
withstyrene,
which are optionally crosslinked with any of the common crosslinking agents.
The
crosslinking agent is most typically a material containing two or more
unsaturated
functional groups. The crosslinking agent is reacted with the monomer units of
the
polymer or copolymer and is incorporated into the polymer thereby forming
links or
covalent bonds between two or more individual polymer chains or between two or
more
sections of the same polymer chain. Non limiting examples of suitable
crosslinking
agents include those selected from the group consisting of
methylenebisacrylamides,
diallyldialkyl ammonium halides, polyalkenyl polyethers of polyhydric
alcohols, allyl
acrylates, vinyloxyalkylacrylates, and polyfunctional vinylidenes. Specific
examples of
crosslinking agents useful herein include those selected from the group
consisting of
methylenebisacrylamide, ethylene glycol di-(meth)acrylate, di-
(meth)acrylamide,
cyanomethylacrylate, vinyloxyethylacrylate, vinyloxyethylmethacrylate, allyl
pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane diallylether, allyl sucrose, butadiene,
isoprene, divinyl
benzene, divinyl naphthalene, ethyl vinyl ether, methyl vinyl ether, and allyl
acrylate.
Other crosslinkers include formaldehyde and glyoxal. A particularly useful
crosslinked
polymethacrylate polymer is sold under the trade name Polytrap~6603, by Dow
Corning
Corp., Midland, Mich.
The particulate thickeners also useful herein are treated bentonites and
treated
hectorites. Bentonite is a colloidal aluminum silicate clay. Hectorite is a
clay containing
sodium, magnesium, lithium silicon, oxygen, hydrogen, and fluorine. Useful
herein
especially when the emollient in the skin care composition is hydrophobic are
bentonites
and hectorites that have been treated with various organic compounds to render
the clays
less polar. Herein "treated" means that these materials have been coated with
the organic
compound. Non limiting examples of treated bentones include stearalkonium
hectorite;
quaternium-18 bentonite; quaternium-18 hectorite; castor oil and stearalkonium
hectorite
and propylene carbonate; isopropyl myristate and stearalkonium hectorie and
propylene
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-m-o2 PCT/L1S00/13842
38
carbonate; isododecane and quaternium-18 hectorite and propylene carbonate;
lanolin oil
and isopropyl palmitate and stearalkonium hectorite and propylene carbonate
and
propylparaben; propylene glycol dicaprylate/dicaprate and stearalkonium
hectorite and
propylene carbonate; mineral oil and quaternium-18 hectorite and propylene
carbonate;
mineral oil and quaternium-18 hectorite and SD alcohol 40; petroleum
distillates and
quaternium-18 hectorite and propylene carbonate; C12-15 alkyl bnezoate and
stearalknoium hectorite and propylene carbonate; cyclomethicone and quaternium-
18
hectorite and SD alcohol 40; cyclomethicone and quaternium-18 hectorite and
propylene
carbonate; and mixtures thereof.
The particulate thickeners also useful herein are calcium silicate and treated
calcium silicate. Common forms of calcium silicate include CaSi03, CaSi04, and
CaSi05. These materials are also known as calcium salts of silicic acid. The
calcium
silicates can be treated with a wide variety of nonpolar organic compounds to
make the
materials more hydrophobic. Useful calcium silicates include the following
commercially
available materials: Hubersorb (Huber Corp., Harve de Grace, Md.), and Micro-
Cel C,
Micro-Cel E, and Micro-Cel T-38 (Celite Corp., Denver, Colo.)
Most of all the particulate thickeners above can be easily dispersed in the
emollient in the skin care composition thanks to the surface treatments.
Instead of the
surface treatments or in combination of the treatments some emulsifiers are
sometimes
useful.
The amount of immobilizing agents that can be included in the skin care
composition will depend on a variety of factors.
3. Skin Care Active Ingredients
Various skin care active ingredients may be incorporated in the skin care
composition. These skin care actives preferably provides skin care benefits.
These active
ingredients include, but not limited to, skin care agents, proton donating
agents, enzyme
inhibitors, or mixtures thereof. The skin care composition of the present
allows to reduce
the initial amount of the skin care active ingredients incorporated because of
less
migration in storage or transportation while delivering effective amount of
skin care
active ingredients to the skin in use.
The skin care agents may be added to deliver a therapeutic and/or skin
protective
benefit. It will be recognized that of the numerous materials useful in the
skin care
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-m-o2 PCT/US00/13842
39
compositions delivered to skin, those that have been deemed safe and effective
skin care
agent and mixtures thereof are logical materials for use herein. Such
materials include
Category I actives as defined by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA)
Tentative Final Monograph on Skin Protectant Drug Products for Over-the-
Counter
Human Use (21 C.F.R. ~ 347), which presently include: allantoin, aluminum
hydroxide
gel, calamine, cocoa butter, dimethicone, cod liver oil (in combination),
glycerine, kaolin,
petrolatum, lanolin, mineral oil, shark liver oil, white petrolatum, talc,
topical starch, zinc
acetate, zinc carbonate, zinc oxide, and the like. Other potentially useful
materials are
Category III actives as defined by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's
Tentative
Final Monograph on Skin Protectant Drug Products for Over-the-Counter Human
Use (21
C.F.R. ~ 347), which presently include: live yeast cell derivatives, aldioxa,
aluminum
acetate, microporous cellulose, cholecalciferol, colloidal oatmeal, cysteine
hydrochloride,
dexpanthenol, Peruvean balsam oil, protein hydrolysates, racemic methionine,
sodium
bicarbonate, Vitamin A, buffered mixture of cation and anion exchange resins,
corn
starch, trolamine, and the like. Further, other potential materials are
Category II actives as
defined by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Tentative Final Monograph
on Skin
Protectant Drug Products for Over-the-Counter Human Use (21 C.F.R. ~ 347),
which
include: bizmuth subnitrate, boric acid, ferric chloride, polyvinyl
pyrrolidone - vinyl
acetate copolymers, sulfur, tannic acid, and the like. The skin care agent may
be selected
from these materials and mixtures thereof. As mentioned above, the materials
for use
should be safe.
The skin care composition may include between about 0.001 % and about SO % of
the skin care agent. The concentration range of the skin care agents in the
skin care
composition varies from material to material. Below table shows preferred skin
care
agents for use and its concentration ranges in the skin care composition.
Possible concentrationPreferred concentration
range (%) range (%)
allantoin 0.2 - S 0.5 - 2
aluminum hydroxide 0.1 - 10 0.1 S - S
gel
calamine 0.2 - 40 1 - 25
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-ii-o2 pCT/US00/13842
cocoa butter 30 - SO 40 - 50
dimethicone 0.2 - 40 1 - 30
glycerine 5 - 50 20 - 45
kaolin 2 - 30 4 - 20
petrolatum 30 - 50 40 - 50
shark liver oil 0.1 - 10 1 - 5
white petrolatum 30 - 50 40 - SO
zinc acetate 0.05 - 10 0.1 - 2
zinc carbonate 0.05 - 10 0.2 - 2
zinc oxide 0.1 - 25 0.3 - 8
It should be understood that the skin care composition may include the
materials
listed above beyond its range. For example, when the skin care composition
comprises 40
of petrolatum as an emollient and 50 % of petrolatum as an skin care agent
(another 10
may be immobilizing agent), 90 % of the skin care composition may be
petrolatum.
5 Many of the FDA monographed skin care agents are currently utilized in
commercially available skin care products, such as A and D~ Ointment,
Vaseline~
Petroleum Jelly, Desitin~ Diaper Rash Ointment and Daily Care~ ointment, Gold
Bond
~ Medicated Baby Powder, Aquaphor~ Healing Ointment, Baby Magic~ Baby Lotion,
Johnson's Ultra Sensitive~ Baby Cream. Those skin case ingredients and/or
products
10 may be incorporated to create treated articles.
The proton donating actives may be added to help maintain a wearer's skin at
its
natural acidic pH. For example such proton donating actives can be effective
in
neutralizing any high pH (i.e. >7) components of bodily exudates. Chemically
suitable
proton donating actives are effective in helping maintain skin pH in at least
a slightly
15 acidic condition. A non limiting and exemplary listing of proton donating
actives
includes: monomeric organic acids; acid salts of organic or inorganic acids;
and polymeric
organic acids and salts thereof. Certain combinations of an acid and a salt
thereof,
commonly known as buffers, are also suitable as long as an aqueous solution of
the
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-m-o2 PCT/US00/13842
41
acid/salt combination has a pH less than 7. A suitable acid or acid salt
should have at
least one pKa between about 2.0 and about 6.5. The preferred range of pKa
values for
suitable proton donating actives is between about 2.5 and about 5Ø Preferred
proton
donating actives include pharmaceutically acceptable monomeric and polymeric
organic
acids.
Exemplary monomeric organic acids suitable for use include: citric, malic,
adipic,
glutaric, lactic, sorbic, salicylic, tartaric, malefic, fumaric, malonic,
glycolic, and succinic
acids.
Exemplary organic polymeric acids include: acidic vinyl polymers, for example,
homopolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acid and anhydride monomers such as
acrylic
acid itself, methacrylic acid, a-chloroacrylic acid, a-cyanoacrylic acid, (3-
methylacrylic
acid (crotonic acid), a-phenylacrylic acid, (3-acryloxypropionic acid, sorbic
acid, a-
chlorosorbic acid, angelic acid, cinnamic acid, p-chlorocinnamic acid, (3-
stearylacrylic
acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, mesaconic acid, glutaconic acid,
aconitic acid, malefic
acid, fumaric acid, tricarboxyethylene, and malefic anhydride, copolymers of
unsaturated
monomeric acids with suitable co-monomers, and partially neutralized salts of
such
polymers; acidic cellulose derivatives, such as carboxymethyl cellulose at
least partially
wherein the cellulose derivatives are at least partially protonated, cellulose
phosphate, and
oxidized cellulose; and cation exchange resins wherein the cation exchange
resin is at
least partially protonated.
Exemplary inorganic acid salts include alkali metal monohydrogen phosphates,
blends of alkali metal monohydrogen and dihydrogen phosphate salts, alkali
metal
monohydrogen pyrophosphate salts, and blends of alkali metal monohydrogen and
dihydrogen pyrophosphate salts.
Materials which can decompose in the environment adjacent to a wearer's skin
into
a proton donating active are also suitable for use. For example, esterase
enzymes in feces
(e.g. fecal lipases) can hydrolyze certain esters to provide a proton donating
active.
Suitable proton donating actives of this type have the formula:
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-m-o2 PCT/US00/13842
42
H O
- -
H C O C- R1
O
- -
-
H C O C -R2
O
H -C-O-C-R3
H
wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently hydrogen, an alkyl group, an alkenyl
group, or
a hydroxyalkyl group with from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. An exemplary ester of this
type is
triacetin.
In order that the proton donating active be effective in helping maintain skin
at an
acidic pH the proton donating active should be provided at a level of at least
0.01 % of the
skin care composition; typically at least about 0.5%; preferably at least
about 3%. Such
suitable proton donating actives may be used as a component of the skin care
compositions at a level of between about 0.01 % and about 40%, depending on
the specific
proton donating active chosen. Preferably, the proton donating actives are
used at a level
of between about 0.5% and about 20% of the skin care composition. In
particularly
preferred embodiments, the proton donating actives are provided at a level of
between
about 3% and about 7%.
These and other features of proton donating actives are disclosed in U.S.
Patent
Application Serial No. 09/041509 entitled "Proton Donating Actives in
Absorbent
Articles" filed in the name of McOsker, et al. on March 12, 1998, which is
incorporated
herein by reference.
The inhibitors against enzymes may be added to be available at the skin/urine,
skin/feces, skin/menses interfaces to inhibit enzymatic activity on the skin
and to reduce
or prevent the occurrence of inflammation. Inhibitors of enzyme activity are
well known
and are typically classified as competitive inhibitors (which compete with the
substrate for
binding at the active site on the enzyme) and non-competitive inhibitors
(which bind to a
site other than the active site to inactivate the enzyme). Many enzymes, such
as
metalloproteases, are inhibited by substances that bind with a metal group on
th'~ enzyme.
Chelating agents are effective inhibitors of other enzymes that require the
presence of
metal ions, such as the ions of calcium, cobalt, copper, magnesium, manganese,
sodium,
potassium, or zinc, for activation. Since enzymes are proteins, antibodies
raised against
specific enzymes are also effective enzyme inhibitors.
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-m-o2 PCT/US00/13842
43
Enzyme inhibitors useful in the absorbent articles described herein will
typically
have an ICSO value of not more than about 500 ~M, more typically not more than
about
250 p,M, and still more typically not more than about 100 ~M. As used herein,
the term
"ICSp"means the inhibitory concentration (e.g., a micromolar concentration,
~,M) of a
substance (inhibitor) which reduces the rate of substrate cleavage by an
enzyme by 50%.
The ICSp is calculated according to the equation ICSp =[I]/[(v/v;)-1], where
[I] is the
inhibitor concentration tested, v is the rate of substrate cleavage in the
absence of the
inhibitor and v; is the rate of substrate cleavage in the presence of the
inhibitor. The ICSp of
an enzyme inhibitor may be measured by a Purified Enzyme method or by a Fecal
Enzyme
method which is described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 09/041266
entitled
"Disposable Absorbent Article Having A Skin Care Composition Containing An
Enzyme
Inhibitor" filed in the name of Roe, et al. on March 12, 1998. It will be
understood that
certain enzyme inhibitors (e.g., EDTA) will have higher ICSO values but will
still be useful
in the absorbent articles described herein. For materials for which the
molecular weight
cannot be determined, such materials will typically reduce enzyme activity by
at least
50% at a concentration in the skin care composition of not more than about 5
percent by
weight.
Without limitation, any type of enzyme inhibitor may be employed in the skin
care
compositions transferable to the wearer's skin, including any naturally
occurnng inhibitor
of plant, microbial and/or animal origin (including human) and synthetically
manufactured
chemical inhibitor. The enzyme inhibitors may be hydrophilic or hydophobic in
nature
and may thus be water soluble or soluble in a hydrophobic vehicle. The enzyme
inhibitors are preferably present in the skin care composition in a
concentration of about
0.001 % to about 50% by weight, typically about 0.01 % to about 25%, more
typically
about 0.1 % to about 10%, and most typically about 0.1 % to about 5 %. Because
of the
variety of enzyme inhibitors employed, the effective concentration of each
inhibitor must
be separately determined, as known to those skilled in the art.
The enzyme inhibitors may be employed singly or as a mixture of enzyme
inhibitors such as a "cocktail" of inhibitors in a single absorbent article.
Moreover,
different enzyme inhibitors may be employed in skin care compositions in
different
locations in a single absorbent article.
Because of the wide diversity of enzymes present in body exudates, it is
reasonably predictable that materials such as those described below which
inhibit certain
classes of enzymes (e.g., proteases) may also inhibit enzymes which cleave
substrates
other than those specified (e.g., proteins and peptides). Hence, inhibitors
which inhibit
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-m-o2 PCT/US00/13842
44
proteases may also inhibit lipases and other esterases, amylases and/or
ureases and vice
versa.
Inhibitors of enzymes and/or coenzymes most frequently found in body exudates
are preferred in the skin care compositions. Thus, the enzyme inhibitors are
preferably
inhibitors of proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin, chymotrypsin,
aminopeptidase and
elastase; lipases; bile salts; amylases; and/or ureases.
Exemplary suitable inhibitors of proteases for use that are believed to
inhibit the
type of protease indicated in parentheses include, but are not limited to,
soybean trypsin
inhibitor and other plant-derived trypsin inhibitors such as lima bean
protease inhibitor, com
protease inhibitor and the like; Bowman-Birk inhibitor (serine, trypsin-like
protease
inhibitor); pancreatic trypsin inhibitor such as bovine pancreatic basic
trypsin inhibitor and
other animal-derived pancreatic trypsin inhibitors; egg white trypsin
inhibitor (serine,
trypsin-like protease inhibitor); ovomucoids containing ovoinhibitors such as
from chicken
or turkey egg white (trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors); chymostatin
(serine,
chymotrypsin-like protease inhibitor); aprotinin (serine protease inhibitor);
leupeptin and its
analogs such as propionyl-leupeptin, N-a-t-BOC-deacetylleupeptin (serine and
cysteine
protease inhibitor); bestatin and its analogs such as epibestatin and
nitrobestatin
(aminopeptidase metalloprotease inhibitor); amastatin and its analogs such as
epiamastatin
(aminopeptidase inhibitor); antipain (trypsin inhibitor); antithrombin III
(serine protease
inhibitor); hirudin (thrombin-like serine protease inhibitor); cystatin (egg
white cysteine
protease inhibitor); E-64 (trans-epoxysuccinyl-L-leucylamido-(4-~~.aanidino)-
butane) and its
analogs (cysteine protease inhibitor); a2-macroglobulin (universal
endoprotease inhibitor);
al-antitrypsin (trypsin inhibitor); pepstatin and its analogs such as acetyl
pepstatin,
pepstatin A, Nle-Sta-Ala-Sta (aspartyl protease inhibitor); apstatin
(aminopeptidase P
inhibitor); (2R)-2-mercaptomethyl-4-methylpentanoyl-b-(2-naphthyl)-Ala-Ala
amide
(matrix metalloprotease inhibitor); (2R)-2-mercaptomethyl-4-methylpentanoyl-
Phe-Ala
amide (matrix metalloprotease inhibitor); N-acetyl-Leu-Leu-methioninal
(calpain inhibitor);
N-acetyl-Leu-Leu-norleucinal (calpain inhibitor); p-aminobenzyol-Gly-Pro-D-Leu-
D-Ala
hydroxamic acid (matrix metalloprotease inhibitor); 2(R)-[N-(4-
methoxyphenylsulfonyl)-N-
(3-pyridylmethyl)amino]-3-methylbutano-hydroxamic acid (metalloprotease
inhibitor); L-1-
chloro-3-[4-tosylamido]-7-amino-2-heptanone-HCl (TLCK), L-1-chloro-3-[4-
tosylamido]-4-phenyl-2-butanone (TPCK), tranexamic acid, glycyrrhizic acid, 18-
(3-
glycyrrhetinic acid, colloidal oat extracts, elhibin, zinc salts, iodoacetate,
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, phosphoramidon, 4-(2-aminoethyl)-
benzenesulfonylfluoride HCI, 3,4-dichloroiso-coumarin, quercetin, and the
like, and
mixtures thereof.
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-m-o2 PCT/US00/13842
Chelating agents have also been found to be useful as inhibitors of both
proteases
and ureases at a concentration of about 0.1 % to about 2%. Exemplary chelating
agents
are phytic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, EDTA, diethylene triamino pentacetic
acid,
hyroxyethyl ethylene diamine triacetic acid, and the corresponding acid salts,
disclosed in
5 U.S. Patent No. 5,091,193 issued to Enjolras on February 25, 1992, the
disclosure of
which is hereby incorporated by reference.
Among preferred protease inhibitors are compounds that exhibit inhibitory
activity
that is not necessarily restricted to a single class of proteases. Such
compounds include, but
are not limited to, hexamidine and its salts; pentamidine and its salts;
benzamidine, p-
10 aminobenzamidine and their derivatives; and guanidinobenzoic acid and its
derivatives such
as those disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,376,655 issued to Imaki et al. on
December 27,
1994, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Other
preferred protease
inhibitors include polymer derivatives of guanidinobenzoic acid disclosed and
made in U.S.
Patent Application Serial No. 09/041196 entitled "Enzyme Inhibitors" filed in
the name of
15 Mclver, et al. on March 12, 1998, the disclosure of which is hereby
incorporated by
reference.
Protease inhibitors that are preferred in the practice are soybean trypsin
inhibitor,
aprotinin, hexamidine (e.g., hexamidine diisethionate), p-aminobenzamidine,
leupeptin,
pepstatin A, chymostatin and polymer derivatives of guanidinobenzoic acid
(disclosed and
20 made in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 09/041196 entitled "Enzyme
Inhibitors"
incorporated by reference above). Particularly preferred protease inhibitors
are soybean
trypsin inhibitor, hexamidine, p-aminobenzamidine and the foregoing polymer
derivatives
of guanidinobenzoic acid.
Ureases are known to be inhibited in the presence of trace amounts of heavy
metal
25 ions, such as those of silver, copper, and the like. Thus, trace amounts
(as little as 0.001
or less) of salts of these metals are useful as unease inhibitors. Other
exemplary inhibitors
of unease activity include, but are not limited to, acetyl hydroxamic acid and
its
derivatives, such as cinnamoyl hydroxamic acid and other alkyl hydroxamic
acids;
phosphoramidate and its derivatives. Such compounds are competitive inhibitors
of
30 unease at a concentration of about 2 micromolar (~M). Chelating agents have
also been
found to be useful as inhibitors of both proteases and ureases at a
concentration of about
0.1% to about 2%. Exemplary chelating agents are phytic acid, nitrilotriacetic
acid,
ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylene triamino pentacetic acid,
hyroxyethyl
ethylene diamine triacetic acid, and the corresponding acid salts, disclosed
in U.S. Patent
35 No. 5,091,193 incorporated by reference above. Other unease inhibiting
compounds are
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-ii-o2 pCT/US00/13842
46
disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,935,862 issued to Kraskin on February 3, 1976, the
disclosure
of which is hereby incorporated by reference, and include amino acid
compounds, such as
hydroxyalkylamino acids, sulfhydryl amino acids, aminosulfonic acids,
aminophosphonic
acid compounds and ether amino acids such as methoxyethyliminodiacetic acid,
ethylene-
bis-(oxypropylaminodiacetic acid), ethylene-bis-(oxyethyliminodiacetic acid),
amino-
methyl phosphonic acid (N,N-diacetic acid), and the like, and
aminopolycarboxylic acid
compounds. including acids and salts diethylenetri-aminepentaacetic acid
(DTPA), N-
hydroxy-ethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA), and the like.
Other suitable inhibitors of urease are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,409,903
issued to Polak et al. on April 25, 1995, the disclosure of which is hereby
incorporated by
reference. This patent discloses dibasic magnesium phosphate, dialdehyde
polysaccharides and zeolite, used alone in combination with each other or with
the
calcium compounds, calcium acetate, calcium chloride, calcium gluconate and
calcium
lactate as well as the magnesium compounds, magnesium chloride and magnesium
citrate,
for inhibition of ureases.
Suitable lipase inhibitors include, but are not limited to, water soluble
salts of
metals, such as cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, molybdenum, silver, lanthanum,
tin and
zinc. Exemplary lipase inhibiting compounds are disclosed in U.S. Patent
4,556,560,
hereby incorporated by reference, and include zinc chloride, zinc acetate,
zinc nitrate
trihydrate, zinc nitrate hexahydrate, zinc sulfate, zinc sulfate heptahydrate,
zinc sulfate
hexahydrate, iron(II) chloride, iron(I~ chloride tetrahydrate, iron(Ill)
chloride, iron(>TI)
chloride monohydrate, iron(IB) chloride hexahydrate, iron(II) lactate, iron(>~
lactate,
iron(I>I) malate, iron(I>] nitrate, iron( nitrate hexahydrate, iron(III)
nitrate-9Hz0,
iron(II) sulfate and its hydrates, iron(BI) sulfate and its hydrates, copper
sulfate
pentahydrate, tin chloride, cobalt chloride and lanthanum chloride, zinc salts
of both
saturated and unsaturated monocarboxylic acids having about 6 to about 12
carbon atoms,
block copolymers of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide (e.g., marketed as
Pluronic~ and
Tetronic~ by BASF Corp.), glycerol triesters of fatty acids having from about
2 to about
20 carbons such as triacetin, and the like. Other useful lipase inhibitors are
disclosed in
U.S. Patent 5,091,193, hereby incorporated by reference, and include esters of
fatty
alcohols, such as saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched alkyl acetate,
lactate or
propionate containing 10 to 20 carbon atoms; saturated or unsaturated, linear
or branched
zinc salts of fatty acids of 2 to 22 carbon atoms, such as those formed with
propionic acid
isobutyric acid, caproic acid, undecylenic acid, and the like; zinc salts of
aminated
acylated acids, such as propionylcysteine, propionyl-hydroxyproline or
caproylcysteine,
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-m-o2 PCT/US00/13842
47
and the like. Lipase inhibitors, such as the foregoing, have been found to be
useful at a
concentration of about 0.01 % to about 10%.
Still other useful lipase inhibitors, disclosed in European Patent Application
Serial
No. 97120699.0 entitled "Skin Rash Prevention Composition" filed in the name
of
Palumbo, et al. on Nobember 26, 1997, the disclosure of which is hereby
incorporated by
reference, include specific ester compounds that act as a substitute substrate
for fecal
lipases and thereby are competitive lipase inhibitors. These esters have the
formulas:
RS R4
R6 C ~A~C ~B~--R3
JY ~~~x Y
R1 R2 (1)
or
I7 i9
R8-C~A~C~B~R3
~y~ ~x~ ~y
C=O C=O
O O
R10 R11 (II)
wherein R1 and each R2 independently are an acyl group with from 2 to 22
carbon atoms,
or an alkyl, alkenyl, arylalkyl, hydroxyalkyl group with from 1 to 24 carbon
atoms or
hydrogen, whereby at least one of R1 and R2 is such an acyl group, R3 R4, R5,
R6, R7,
Rg, and R9 are independently an alkyl, alkenyl, arylalkyl, hydroxyalkyl,
alkoxy groups of
from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, hydroxy group or hydrogen; R10 and R11 are
independently
an alkyl, alkenyl, arylalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy groups of from 2 to 24
carbon atoms,
hydroxy group or hydrogen; A and B are independently a C1-C6 linear or
branched
alkylene, alkenylene, alkoxylene, hydroxyalkylene groups; the values of x are
independently from 0 to 15; the values of y are independently 0 or l, with the
proviso that
when x =2 and y=0, at least one R2 is an alkyl, alkenyl, arylalkyl,
hydroxyalkyl group
with from 1 to 24 carbon atoms or hydrogen.
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-ii-o2 pCT/LTS00/13842
48
Still further examples of lipase inhibitors are those disclosed in U.S. patent
5,643,874, hereby incorporated by reference, which include: (2S,3S ,SS)-S-[(S)-
2-
formamido-4-methyl-valeryloxy]-2-hexyl-3-hydroxy-hexadecanoic 1,3 acid
lactone, also
known as tetrahydrolipstatin; (2S ,3S,SS,7Z, lOZ)-S-[(S)-2-formamido-4-methyl-
valeryloxy]-2-hexyl-3-hydroxy-7,10-hexadecadienoic 1,3 acid lactone, also
known as
lipstatin;l-(trans-4-isobutylcyclohexyl)-2-(phenylsulfonyloxy)ethanone, also
known as
FL-386; 4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylic acid 4-phenoxyphenyl ester, also known
as
WAY-121898; N-[3-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-]N'-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-
phenyl]urea, also known as BAY-N-3176; N-formyl-L-valine-(S)-1 -[[(2S, 3S)-3-
hexyl-4-
oxo-2-oxetanyl]methyl]hexyl ester, also known as valilactone;
(2S,3S,SS,7Z,lOZ)-5-[(S)-
2-acetamido-3-carbamoylpropionyloxy]-2-hexyl-3-hydroxy-7,10-hexadecadienoic
lactone, also known as esterastin; (3S,4S)-4-[(1S,SR,7S,8R,9R,E)-8-hydroxy
1,3,5,7,9-
pentamethyl-6-oxo-3-undecenyl]-3-methyl-2-oxetanone, also known as ebelactone
A;
(3S,4S)-3-ethyl-4-[(1 S,SR,7S,8R,9R,E)-8-hydroxy-1,3,5,7,9-pentamethyl-6-oxo-3-
undecenyl]-2-oxetanone, also known as ebelactone B; and 1,6-di(O-
(carbamoyl)cyclohexanone oxime)hexane, also known as RHC 80267.
Exemplary inhibitors of bile salts that are coenzymes for lipolytic enzymes
and are
useful as lipase enzyme inhibitors in the absorbent articles include, but are
not limited to,
cationic compounds disclosed in European Patent Application Serial No.
97120700.6
entitled "Skin Care Composition" filed in the name of Palumbo, et al. on
Nobember 26,
1997, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Such
compounds have
the formulas:
R3
R4 N+ R1
R2
M- (n
or
~1 M-
R7 RS - I +-R6 R8
R2
x (II)
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-m-o2 pCT/US00/13842
49
or an amphoteric compound and preferably an acidity source, the amphoteric
compound
having at its iso-electric point the formula:
Rl M-
Rg-N+-A-BH
Rl0 (III)
for preparation of a composition for treatment, prevention or reduction of
lipolytic
dermatitis of the external skin, wherein Rl, R2, R3 and R4 are independently a
Cl-C22
alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, amidoalkyl, (poly) alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, or
acyl groups, or
two or more groups of Rl, R2, R3 and R4 form together one or more ring
structures; R5,
R6 and A are independently a Cl-C22 alkylene, alkenylene, (poly) alkoxylene,
hydroxyalkylene, arylalkylene or amido alkylene groups; R7 and Rg are
independently a
Cl-C4 alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy group or a hydroxy group or hydrogen; R9 and Rl0
are
independently a Cl-C22 alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, amidoalkyl, (poly)
alkoxy,
hydroxyalkyl, or acyl groups, or two or more of the groups Rl, R9 and Rl0 form
together
one or more ring structures; BH is a proton donating group; x is from 2 to 4;
and M- is a
counter ion.
Another exemplary suitable bile salt inhibitor is cholestyramine, described in
a
publication by C. Michael White et al., entitled "Cholestyramine Ointment to
Treat
Buttocks Rash and Anal Excoriation in an Infant", The Annals of
Pharmacotherapy 30:
954-956, Sept. 1996.
Derivatives of p-guanidinobenzoic acid, especially esters of p-
guanidinobenzoic
acid, have been described as inhibitors of esterases. Such inhibitors are
useful in the skin
care compositions of the absorbent articles, and are disclosed in U.S. Patent
5,376,655
issued to Imaki et al. on December 27, 1994, the disclosure of which is hereby
incorporated by reference.
Suitable amylase inhibitors and/or glucosidase amylase inhibitors include
those
disclosed in U.S. patent 5,643,874, hereby incorporated by reference, and
include O-4,6-
dideoxy-4-[[ [ 1 S-( 1 a,4a,5 (3,6a)]-4,5,6-trihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-
cyclohexen-1-
yl]amino]-a-D-glucopyranosyl-(1~4)O-a-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-~4)-D-glucose, also
known as acarbose; 2(S),3(R),4(S),5(S)-tetrahydroxy-N-[2-hydroxy-1-
(hydroxymethyl)-
ethyl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1(S)-cyclohexamine, also known as voglibose;l,5-
dideoxy-1,5-
[(2-hydroxyethyl)imino]-D-glucitol, also known as miglitol; 1,5-dideoxy-1,5-[2-
(4-
ethoxycarbonylphenoxy)-ethylimino]-D-glucitol, also known as emiglitate; 2,6-
dideoxy-
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-ii-o2 PCT/US00/13842
2,6-imino-7-((3-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-glycero-L-guloheptitol, also known as MDL-
25637;
1,5-dideoxy-1,5-(6-deoxy-1-O-methyl-a-D-glucopyranos-6-ylimino)-D-glucitol,
also
known as camiglibose;1,5,9,11,14-pentahydroxy-3-methyl-8,13-dioxo-5,6,8,13-
tetrahydrobenzo[a]-naphthacene-2-carboxylic acid, also known pradimicin Q;
also known
5 as adiposine; and 1,2-dideoxy-2-[2(S),3(S),4(R)-trihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-
5-
cyclohexen-1(S)-ylamino]-L-glucopyranose, also known as salbostatin. Other
suitable
amylase inhibitors include tendamistat, trestatins, and those derived from
plants,
especially from wheat, rice, maize, barley and other cereal grains, beans, and
seaweed.
These and other features of enzyme inhibitors are disclosed in U.S. Patent
10 Application Serial No. 09/041232 entitled "Protease Inhibitors in Absorbent
Articles"
filed in the name of Rourke, et al. on March 12, 1998, and U.S. Patent
Application Serial
No. 09/041266 entitled "Disposable Absorbent Article Having A Skin Care
Composition
Containing An Enzyme Inhibitor" filed in the name of Roe, et al. on March 12,
1998, both
of which are incorporated herein by reference.
15 The skin care active ingredients are soluble or insoluble. Insoluble skin
care
active ingredients may be dispersed in skin care composition with dispersing
agents to
form homogeneous mixture of skin care composition. It is preferable that the
insoluble
skin care active ingredients are pre-dispersed in pre-dispersion solvents with
dispersing
agents. Pre-dispersion solvents may be petroleum-based, fatty acid ester,
alkyl ethoxylate,
20 fatty acid ester ethoxylates, fatty alcohol, polysiloxane, or mixtures of
them. Further, pre-
dispersion solvents may be soluble skin care active ingredients. Exemplary
preferable
dispersing agents are diethanolamine polyoxyethylene oleyl ether phosphate,
polyhydroxystearic acid, polyglyceryl - 6 polyricinoleate, neopentyl glycol
diisostearate,
propylene glycol dicaprate, or mixtures thereof. Other possible dispersing
agents are
25 isoelcosane and polyisobutene and quaternium 18, phenyltrimethicone and
quaternium
18 hectorite and triethyl citrate, isohexadecane and quaternium - 18 hectorite
and
propylene carbonate, octyldodecanol and quaternium - 18 hectorite and
propylene
carbonate, mineral oil and quaternium - 18 hectorite and propylene carbonate,
isopropyl
myristate and stearalkonium hectorite and propylene carbonate, cyclomethicone
and
30 quaternium - 18 and SDA 40, lanolin oil and isopropyl palmitate and
stearalkonium
hectorite and propylene carbonate and propyl paraben, 1 - eicosanol, or
mixtures thereof.
4. Other Optional Component
Skin care compositions may comprise other optional components. These optional
components include water, hydrophilic surfactants, viscosity modifiers,
perfumes, film
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-m-o2 PCT/US00/13842
51
formers, deodorants, opacifiers, solvents, and the like. Stabilizers may be
added to
enhance the shelf life of the skin care composition such as cellulose
derivatives, proteins
and lecithin. Hydrophilic surfactants may be added to promote rapid transfer
of the fluid
(e.g., urine, menses etc.) from the topsheet to the absorbent inner layers of
the article. The
detail of such hydrophilic surfactant is disclosed in, e.g.; U.S. Patent
5,643,588 , "Diaper
Having a Lotioned Topsheet", issued to Roe, Bakes & Warner on July 1, 1997,
which is
incorporated herein by reference.
C. Treating Body Contacting Surface With Skin Care Composition
In preparing products treated with skin care compositions according to the
present
invention, the skin care composition is applied onto at least a portion of the
body facing
surface of absorbent articles. Any of a variety of application methods that
evenly
distribute viscous materials can be used. Suitable methods include printing,
spraying,
coating, brushing, extrusion, or combinations of these application techniques.
The minimum level of skin care composition to be applied onto the body
contacting surface of the article is an amount effective for providing the
skin effects to the
wearer. The level of skin care compositions applied will depend on various
factors,
including the relative amount of surface area of the body contacting surface
not treated
with skin care composition, expected skin effects of the skin care composition
and the
like. The amount of the skin care composition can also vary over the body
contacting
surface. For example, some portions of the body contacting surface can have
greater or
lesser amounts of skin care composition than the other portions of the body
contacting
surface, including portions of the surface that do not have any skin care
composition on it.
The skin care composition can be applied onto the entire surface of the body
contacting surface or selectively onto the portions of the body contacting
surface. For
example, if the skin care composition is applied to the topsheet of absorbent
article, the
way of applying the skin care composition onto the topsheet of absorbent
articles is
preferable such that the skin care composition is distributed primarily on
body facing part
of the topsheet. However, if the skin care composition is relatively
hydrophobic, it is
preferable that the skin care composition is not distributed in the fluid path
(such as
apertures of the topsheet) and does not block the fluid path to ensure the
ability of the
topsheet to transmit fluid to the underlying absorbent core. Examples of the
pattern of the
coating include stripes, dots, circles or the Like.
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-ii-o2 pCT/IJS00/13842
52
The skin care composition can be applied to the body contacting surface at any
point during assembly. For example, the skin care composition can be applied
to the
body contacting surface of the finished absorbent article before it has been
packaged. The
skin care composition can also be applied to the body contacting surface
before it is
combined with the other raw materials to form the finished absorbent article.
The skin care composition is typically applied from a melt thereof to the
article.
Since the skin care composition melts at significantly above ambient
temperatures, it is
usually applied as a heated coating to the body contacting surface of the
article. The
temperature is determined considering primarily the melting point of the skin
care
composition and the other factors such as lowering of the temperature in the
manufacturing process of the article. And the skin care composition is often
heated to a
temperature in the range from 50°C to 100°C, more often from
60°C to 90°C, prior to
being applied to the article. Once the melted skin care composition has been
applied to
the article, it is allowed to cool and solidify to form solidified coating or
film on the
surface of the body contacting surface. Preferably, the application process is
designed to
aid in the coolinglset up of the skin care composition. Examples of applying
the skin care
composition to the body contacting surface is described in, e.g., U.S. Patent
5,643,588,
"Diaper Having a Lotioned Topsheet", issued to Roe, Bakes & Warner on July 1,
1997,
which is incorporated herein by reference.
SPECIFIC ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE PREPARATION OF TREATED ARTICLE
ACCORDING TO THE PRESENT INVENTION
The following examples further describe and demonstrate the preferred
embodiments within the scope of the present invention. The examples are given
solely
for the purpose of illustration, and are not to be construed as limitations of
the present
invention since many variants thereof are possible without departing from its
spirit and
scope.
Example 1
A. Preparation of Skin Care Compositions
A water free skin care composition (Skin Care Composition A) is made by mixing
the following melted components together: Petrolatum made by Witco Corp.
under the name Super White Protopet~, and Behenyl Alcohol made by Henkel
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-m-o2 pCT/US00/13842
53
Corp. under the name Lanette 22. Super White Protopet~ is petrolatum. The
ratio of the heavy aliphatic hydrocarbons having alkyl chain length of from 27
to
36 to the light hydrocarbons having alkyl chain length of from 17 to 26 is
2.3:1Ø
The ratio of the heavy aliphatic hydrocarbons having alkyl chain length of
from 30
to 36 to the light aliphatic hydrocarbons aliphatic having alkyl chain length
of
from 20 to 26 is 1.7:1Ø The ratio of the heavy aliphatic hydrocarbons having
alkyl chain length of from 33 to 36 to the light aliphatic hydrocarbons
aliphatic
having alkyl chain length of from 23 to 26 is 1.3:1Ø Lanette 22 is a mixed
linear
C 1 g-C24 primary alcohol. Lanette 22 contains about 70% of C22 fatty alcohol,
about 20 % of C20 alcohol, about 9 % of Clg alcohol, and about 1 % of C24
fatty
alcohol. The weight percentages of these components are shown in Table I
below:
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-m-o2 PCT/US00/13842
54
Table I
Component Weight
Super White Protopet~ 70
Behenyl Alcohol 30
B. Preparation of Skin Care Composition Treated Article by Hot Melt Printing
Skin Care Composition A is placed into a heated tank operating at a
temperature
of 90°C. The composition is subsequently applied with a contact
applicator (using
a Meltex EP45 hot melt adhesive applicator head operating at a temperature of
90°C) onto all over the DRI-WEAVE topsheet of Whisper Slim Wing Regular
Long manufactured by Procter & Gamble Far East, Inc., at an add-on level = 4
g/m2.
Example 2
A. Preparation of Skin Care Compositions
A water free skin care composition (Skin Care Composition B) is made by mixing
the following melted components together: Petrolatum made by Witco Corp.
under the name Protopet~ 1 S, and Behenyl Alcohol made by Henkel Corp. under
the name Lanette 22. Protopet~ 1 S is petrolatum. The ratio of the heavy
aliphatic
hydrocarbons having alkyl chain length of from 27 to 36 to the light
hydrocarbons
having . alkyl chain length of from 17 to 26 is 2.3:1Ø The ratio of the
heavy
aliphatic hydrocarbons having alkyl chain length of from 30 to 36 to the light
aliphatic hydrocarbons aliphatic having alkyl chain length of from 20 to 26 is
1.7:1Ø The ratio of the heavy aliphatic hydrocarbons having alkyl chain
length of
from 33 to 36 to the light aliphatic hydrocarbons aliphatic having alkyl chain
length of from 23 to 26 is 1.3:1Ø Lanette 22 contains about 70% of C22 fatty
alcohol, about 20 % of C20 alcohol, about 9 % of C 1 g alcohol, and about 1 %
of
C24 fatty alcohol. The weight percentages of these components are shown in
Table II below:
Table II
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-m-o2 PCT/US00/13842
Component Weight
Protopet~ 1 S 80
Behenyl Alcohol 20
B. Preparation of Skin Care Composition Treated Article by Hot Melt Spraying
Skin Care Composition B is placed into a heated tank operating at a
temperature of
90°C. The composition is subsequently sprayed (using a Dynatec E84B1758
spray
5 head, operating at a temperature of 90°C and an atomization pressure
of l6kPa)
onto the DRI-WEAVE topsheet of Whisper Slim Wing Regular Long
manufactured by Procter & Gamble Far East, Inc., in a couple of stripes which
are
40mm wide (lateral direction) and 200mm long (longitudinal direction) at an
add-
on level = 2 g/m2.
10 Example 3
A. Preparation of Skin Care Composition
A water free skin care composition (Skin Care Composition C) is made by mixing
the following melted components together: Petrolatum made by Witco Corp.
under the name Super White Protopet~, Behenyl Alcohol made by Henkel Corp.
15 under the name Lanette 22, and Steareth-2 made by ICI America under the
name
Brij 762. Super White Protopet~ is petrolatum. The ratio of the heavy
aliphatic
hydrocarbons having alkyl chain length of from 27 to 36 to the light
hydrocarbons
having alkyl chain length of from 17 to 26 is 2.3:1Ø The ratio of the heavy
aliphatic hydrocarbons having alkyl chain length of from 30 to 36 to the light
20 aliphatic hydrocarbons aliphatic having alkyl chain length of from 20 to 26
is
1.7:1Ø The ratio of the heavy aliphatic hydrocarbons having alkyl chain
length of
from 33 to 36 to the light aliphatic hydrocarbons aliphatic having alkyl chain
length of from 23 to 26 is 1.3:1Ø Lanette 22 contains about 70% of C22 fatty
alcohol, about 20 % of C20 alcohol, about 9 % of C 1 g alcohol, and about 1 %
of
25 C24 fatty alcohol. Brij 762 is a C 1 g linear alcohol ethoxylate having an
average
degree of ethoxylation of 2. The weight percentages of these components are
shown in Table III below:
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-m-o2 PCT/US00/13842
56
Table III
Component Weight
Super White Protopet~ 70
Behenyl Alcohol 1 S
Steareth-2 15
B. Preparation of Skin Care Composition Treated Article by Hot Melt Spraying
Skin Care Composition C is placed into a heated tank operating at a
temperature of
90°C. The composition is subsequently sprayed (using a Dynatec E84B1758
spray
head, operating at a temperature of 80°C and an atomization pressure of
l6kPa)
onto all over the DRI-WEAVE topsheet of Whisper Slim Wing Regular Long
manufactured by Procter & Gamble Far East, Inc., at an add-on level = 4 g/m2.
Example 4
A. Preparation of Skin Care Composition
A water free skin care composition (Skin Care Compos~~:~,~n D) is made by
mixing
the following melted components together: Petrolatum made by Witco Corp.
under the name Protopet~ 1 S, Microcrystalline wax made by Witco Corp. under
the name Multiwax~ W-835, and Stearyl Alcohol made by the Procter & Gamble
Company under the name COl 895. Protopet~ 1 S is petrolatum. The ratio of the
heavy aliphatic hydrocarbons having alkyl chain length of from 27 to 36 to the
light hydrocarbons having alkyl chain length of from 17 to 26 is 2.3:1Ø The
ratio
of the heavy aliphatic hydrocarbons having alkyl chain length of from 30 to 36
to
the light aliphatic hydrocarbons aliphatic having alkyl chain length of from
20 to
26 is 1.7:1Ø The ratio of the heavy aliphatic hydrocarbons having alkyl
chain
length of from 33 to 36 to the light aliphatic hydrocarbons aliphatic having
alkyl
chain length of from 23 to 26 is 1.3:1Ø Multiwax~ W-835 is microcrystalline
wax having a consistency of from 60 to 80 at 25°C measured under ASTM D-
1321. C01895 is a linear C 1 g primary alcohol. The weight percentages of
these
components are shown in Table IV below:
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-ii-o2 pCT/US00/13842
57
Table IV
Component Weight
Protopet~ 1 S 70
Microcrystalline Wax 10
Stearyl Alcohol 20
B. Preparation of Skin Care Composition Treated Article by Hot Melt S~rayy
Skin Care Composition D is placed into a heated tank operating at a
temperature
of 90°C. The composition is subsequently sprayed (using a Dynatec
E84B1758
spray head, operating at a temperature of 90°C and an atomization
pressure of
l6kPa) onto the DRI-WEAVE topsheet of Whisper Slim Wing Regular Long
manufactured by Procter & Gamble Far East, Inc., in a couple of stripes which
is
40mm wide (lateral direction) and 200mm long (longitudinal direction) in an
add-
on level = 4 g/m2.
Example 5
A. Preparation of Skin Care Composition
A water free skin care composition (Skin Care Composition E) is made by mixing
the following melted components together: Petrolatum made by Witco Corp.
under the name Protopet~ 1 S, Polyethylene wax made by Witco Corp. under the
name Performalene 400~, and Stearyl Alcohol made by the Procter & Gamble
Company under the name C01895. Protopet~ 1 S is petrolatum. The ratio of the
heavy aliphatic hydrocarbons having alkyl chain length of from 27 to 36 to the
light hydrocarbons having alkyl chain length of from 17 to 26 is 2.3:1Ø The
ratio
of the heavy aliphatic hydrocarbons having alkyl chain length of from 30 to 36
to
the light aliphatic hydrocarbons aliphatic having alkyl chain length of from
20 to
26 is 1.7:1Ø The ratio of the heavy aliphatic hydrocarbons having alkyl
chain
length of from 33 to 36 to the light aliphatic hydrocarbons aliphatic having
alkyl
chain length of from 23 to 26 is 1.3:1Ø Performalene 400~ is polyethylene
wax
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-ii-o2 pCT/US00/13842
58
having an average molecular weight of 400. C01895 is a linear Clg primary
alcohol. The weight percentages of these components are shown in Table V
below:
Table V
Component Weight
Protopet~ 1 S 70
Polyethylene wax 10
Stearyl Alcohol 20
B. Preparation of Skin Care Composition Treated Article by Hot Melt Spraying
Skin Care Composition E is placed into a heated tank operating at a
temperature of
90°C. The composition is subsequently applied with a contact applicator
(using a
Meltex EP45 hot melt adhesive applicator head operating at a temperature of
90°C) onto all over the DRI-WEAVE topsheet of Whisper Slim Wing Regular
Long manufactured by Procter & Gamble Far East, Inc., at an add-on level = 4
g/m2.
Example 6
A. Preparation of Skin Care Composition
A water free skin care composition (Skin Care Composition F) is made by mixing
Fumed Silica made by Degussa AG under the name Aerosil 8972 with the
following melted components; Petrolatum made by Witco Corp. under the name
Super White Protopet~, and Behenyl Alcohol made by Henkel Corp. under the
name Lanette 22. These are mixed by a high speed blade mixer (Tokusyu Kika
TK Robo Mics, operating at SOOOrpm). Super White Protopet~ is petrolatum.
The ratio of the heavy aliphatic hydrocarbons having alkyl chain length of
from 27
to 36 to the light hydrocarbons having alkyl chain length of from 17 to 26 is
2.3:1Ø The ratio of the heavy aliphatic hydrocarbons having alkyl chain
length of
from 30 to 36 to the light aliphatic hydrocarbons aliphatic having alkyl chain
length of from 20 to 26 is 1.7:1Ø The ratio of the heavy aliphatic
hydrocarbons
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-m-o2 PCT/US00/13842
59
having alkyl chain length of from 33 to 36 to the light aliphatic hydrocarbons
aliphatic having alkyl chain length of from 23 to 26 is 1.3:1Ø Lunette 22
contains
about 70% of C22 fatty alcohol, about 20 % of C20 alcohol, about 9 % of C 1 g
alcohol, and about 1 % of C24 fatty alcohol. Aerosil 8972 is fumed silica
surface-
treated by dimethylsilicone and has an average diameter of less than 1 Vim.
The
weight percentages of these components are shown in Table VI below:
Table VI
Component Weight
Super White Protopet~70
Behenyl Alcohol 20
Fumed Silica 10
B. Pr~aration of Skin Care Composition Treated Article by Hot Melt Printing
Skin Care Composition F is placed into a heated tank operating at a
temperature of
90°C. The composition is subsequently applied with a contact applicator
(using a
Meltex EP45 hot melt adhesive applicator head operating at a temperature of
90°C) onto all over the DRI-WEAVE topsheet of Whisper Slim Wing Regular
Long manufactured by Procter & Gamble Far East, Inc., at an add-on level = 4
g/m2.
Example 7
A. Preparation of Skin Care Composition
A water free skin care composition (Skin Care Composition G) is made by mixing
Bentonite Clay made by Rheox Inc. under the name Bentone 38 with the following
melted components; Petrolatum made by Witco Corp. under the name Protopet~
1 S, and Behenyl Alcohol made by Henkel Corp. under the name Lunette 22.
These are mixed by a high speed blade mixer (Tokusyu Kika TK Robo Mics,
operating at SOOOrpm). Protopet~1S is petrolatum. The ratio of the heavy
aliphatic hydrocarbons having alkyl chain length of from 27 to 36 to the light
hydrocarbons having alkyl chain length of from 17 to 26 is 2.3:1Ø The ratio
of
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-ii-o2 pCT/US00/13842
the heavy aliphatic hydrocarbons having alkyl chain length of from 30 to 36 to
the
light aliphatic hydrocarbons aliphatic having alkyl chain length of from 20 to
26 is
1.7:1Ø The ratio of the heavy aliphatic hydrocarbons having alkyl chain
length of
from 33 to 36 to the light aliphatic hydrocarbons aliphatic having alkyl chain
5 length of from 23 to 26 is 1.3:1Ø Lanette 22 contains about 70% of C22
fatty
alcohol, about 20 % of C20 alcohol, about 9 % of C 1 g alcohol, and about 1 %
of
C24 fatty alcohol. Bentone 38 is bentonite clay surface-treated by ammonium
salt
and has an average diameter of less than 5pm. The weight percentages of these
components are shown in Table VII below:
10 Table VII
Component Weight
Protopet~ 1 S 70
Behenyl Alcohol 20
Bentone 10
B. Preparation of Skin Care Composition Treated Article byHot Melt Printing
Skin Care Composition G is placed into a heated tank operating at a
temperature
of 90°C. The composition is subsequently applied with a contact
applicator (using
15 a Meltex EP45 hot melt adhesive applicator head operating at a temperature
of
90°C) onto all over the DRI-WEAVE topsheet of Whisper Slim Wing Regular
Long manufactured by Procter & Gamble Far East, Inc., at an add-on level = 4
g/m2.
Example 8
20 A. Preparation of Skin Care Compositions
A water free skin care composition (Skin Care Composition H) is made by mixing
zinc
oxide made by Zinc Corporation of America under the name USP-1 with mineral
oil
made by Shell Co. under the name of Kaydol as a pre-dispersion solvent for
zinc oxide,
polyglyceryl-6 polyricinoleate made by Nikko Chemicals Co. Ltd. under the name
25 Hexaglyn PR15 as a dispersing agent for zinc oxide and the following melted
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-m-o2 PCT/US00/13842
61
components; Petrolatum made by Witco Corp. under the name Super White
Protopet~,
and Behenyl Alcohol made by Henkel Corp. under the name Lunette 22. These are
mixed by a high speed blade mixer (Tokusyu Kika TK Robo Mics, operating at
SOOOrpm) at 90°C. Super White Protopet~ is petrolatum. The ratio of
the heavy
aliphatic hydrocarbons having alkyl chain length of from 27 to 36 to the light
hydrocarbons having alkyl chain length of from 17 to 26 is 2.3:1Ø The ratio
of the
heavy aliphatic hydrocarbons having alkyl chain length of from 30 to 36 to the
light
aliphatic hydrocarbons aliphatic having alkyl chain length of from 20 to 26 is
1.7:1Ø
The ratio of the heavy aliphatic hydrocarbons having alkyl chain length of
from 33 to 36
to the light aliphatic hydrocarbons aliphatic having alkyl chain length of
from 23 to 26
is 1.3:1Ø Lunette 22 contains about 70% of C22 fatty alcohol, about 20 % of
C20
alcohol, about 9 % of C 1 g alcohol, and about 1 % of C24 fatty alcohol. USP-1
is zinc
oxide having an average particle diameter of about 0.1-1.0 pm. The weight
percentages
of the components are shown in Table VIII below:
Table VIII
Component Weight
Super White Protopet~ 67
Behenyl Alcohol 30
Zinc Oxide 2.0
Mineral Oil 0.7
Hexaglyn PR15 0.3
B. Preparation of Skin Care Composition Treated Article by Hot Melt Printing
Skin Care Composition H is placed into a heated tank operating at a
temperature
of 90°C. The composition is subsequently applied with a contact
applicator (using
a Meltex EP45 hot melt adhesive applicator head operating at a temperature of
90°C) onto all over the DRI-WEAVE topsheet of Whisper Slim Wing Regular
Long manufactured by Procter & Gamble Far East, Inc., at an add-on level = 4
g/m2.
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-ii-o2 pCT/US00/13842
62
Example 9
A. Preparation of Skin Care Composition
A water free skin care composition (Skin Care Composition n is made by mixing
zinc
oxide made by Zinc Corporation of America under the name USP-1 with mineral
oil
made by Shell Co. under the name of Kaydol as a pre-dispersion solvent for
zinc oxide,
diethanolamine polyoxyethylene oleyl ether phosphate made by Croda Inc. under
the
name Crodafos N3N as a dispersing agent for zinc oxide and the following
melted
components; Petrolatum made by Witco Corp. under the name Protopet~ 1 S, and
Behenyl Alcohol made by Henkel Corp. under the name Lanette 22. These are
mixed by
a high speed blade mixer (Tokusyu Kika TK Robo Mics, operating at SOOOrpm) at
90°C. Protopet~ 1 S is petrolatum. The ratio of the heavy aliphatic
hydrocarbons having
alkyl chain length of from 27 to 36 to the light hydrocarbons having alkyl
chain length
of from 17 to 26 is 2.3:1Ø The ratio of the heavy aliphatic hydrocarbons
having alkyl
chain length of from 30 to 36 to the light aliphatic hydrocarbons aliphatic
having alkyl
chain length of from 20 to 26 is 1.7:1Ø The ratio of the heavy aliphatic
hydrocarbons
having alkyl chain length of from 33 to 36 to the light aliphatic hydrocarbons
aliphatic
having alkyl chain length of from 23 to 26 is 1.3:1Ø Lanette 22 contains
about 70% of
C22 fatty alcohol, about 20 % of C20 alcohol, about 9 % of Clg alcohol, and
about 1
of C24 fatty alcohol. . USP-1 is zinc oxide having an average particle
diameter of about
0.1-1.0 Vim. The weight percentages of the components are shown in Table IX
below:
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-ii-o2 pCT/US00/13842
63
Table IX
Component Weight
Protopet~ 1 S 65
Behenyl Alcohol 30
Zinc Oxide 3.0
Mineral Oil 1.0
Crodafos N3N 1.0
B. Preparation of Skin Care Composition Treated Article by Hot Melt Printing
Skin Care Composition I is placed into a heated tank operating at a
temperature of
90°C. The composition is subsequently applied with a contact applicator
(using a
Meltex EP45 hot melt adhesive applicator head operating at a temperature of
90°C) onto all over the DRI-WEAVE topsheet of Whisper Slim Wing Regular
Long manufactured by Procter & Gamble Far East, Inc., at an add-on level = 3
g/m2.
Example 10
A. Preparation of Skin Care Composition
A water free skin care composition (Skin Care Composition J) is made by mixing
zinc
oxide made by Zinc Corporation of America under the name USP-1 with mineral
oil
made by Shell Co. under the name of Kaydol as a pre-dispersion solvent for
zinc oxide,
polyhydroxystearic acid made by ICI Inc. under the name Arlacel P 100 as a
dispersing
agent for zinc oxide and the following melted components; Petrolatum made by
Witco
Corp. under the name Super White Protopet~, Behenyl Alcohol made by Henkel
Corp.
under the name Lanette 22, and Steareth-2 made by ICI America under the name
Brij
762. These are mixed by a high speed blade mixer (Tokusyu Kika TK Robo Mics,
operating at SOOOrpm) at 90°C. Super White Protopet~ is petrolatum. The
ratio of the
heavy aliphatic hydrocarbons having alkyl chain length of from 27 to 36 to the
light
hydrocarbons having alkyl chain length of from 17 to 26 is 2.3:1Ø The ratio
of the
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-m-o2 PCT/US00/13842
64
heavy aliphatic hydrocarbons having alkyl chain length of from 30 to 36 to the
light
aliphatic hydrocarbons aliphatic having alkyl chain length of from 20 to 26 is
1.7:1Ø
The ratio of the heavy aliphatic hydrocarbons having alkyl chain length of
from 33 to 36
to the light aliphatic hydrocarbons aliphatic having alkyl chain length of
from 23 to 26
is 1.3:1Ø Lanette 22 contains about 70% of C22 fatty alcohol, about 20 % of
C20
alcohol, about 9 % of Clg alcohol, and about 1 % of C24 fatty alcohol. Brij
762 is a
Clg linear alcohol ethoxylate having an average degree of ethoxylation of 2. .
USP-1 is
zinc oxide having an average particle diameter of about 0.1-1.0 Vim. The
weight
percentages of the components are shown in Table X below:
Table X
Component Weight
Super White Protopet~65
Behenyl Alcohol 25
Steareth-2 5.0
Zinc Oxide 3.0
Mineral Oil 1.0
Arlacel P 100 1.0
B. Preparation of Skin Care Composition Treated Article by Hot Melt Spraying
Skin Care Composition J is placed into a heated tank operating at a
temperature of
90°C. The composition is subsequently sprayed (using a Dynatec E84B1758
spray
head, operating at a temperature of 80°C and an atomization pressure of
l6kPa)
onto all over the DRI-WEAVE topsheet of Whisper Slim Wing Regular Long
manufactured by Procter & Gamble Far East, Inc., at an add-on level = 5 g/m2.
Example 11
A. Preparation of Skin Care Composition
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-ii-o2 PCT/US00/13842
A water free skin care composition (Skin Care Composition K) is made by mixing
zinc
oxide made by Zinc Corporation of America under the name USP-1 with mineral
oil
made by Shell Co. under the name of Kaydol as a pre-dispersion solvent for
zinc oxide,
propylene glycol dicaprate made by Abitec Performance Products under the name
5 Captex 100 as a dispersing agent for zinc oxide and the following melted
components;
Petrolatum made by Witco Corp. under the name Protopet~ 1 S, Behenyl Alcohol
made
by Henkel Corp. under the name Lanette 22, and Microcrystalline wax made by
Witco
Corp. under the name Multiwax~ W-835. These are mixed by a high speed blade
mixer (Tokusyu Kika TK Robo Mics, operating at SOOOrpm) at 90°C.
Protopet~ 1 S is
1'0 petrolatum. The ratio of the heavy aliphatic hydrocarbons having alkyl
chain length of
from 27 to 36 to the light hydrocarbons having alkyl chain length of from 17
to 26 is
2.3:1Ø The ratio of the heavy aliphatic hydrocarbons having alkyl chain
length of from
30 to 36 to the light aliphatic hydrocarbons aliphatic having alkyl chain
length of from
20 to 26 is 1.7:1Ø The ratio of the heavy aliphatic hydrocarbons having
alkyl chain
15 length of from 33 to 36 to the light aliphatic hydrocarbons aliphatic
having alkyl chain
length of from 23 to 26 is 1.3:1Ø Lanette 22 contains about 70% of C22 fatty
alcohol,
about 20 % of C20 alcohol, about 9 % of C 1 g alcohol, and about 1 % of C24
fatty
alcohol. Multiwax~ W-835 is microcrystalline wax having a consistency of from
60 to
80 at 25°C measured under ASTM D-1321. . USP-1 is zinc oxide having an
average
20 particle diameter of about 0.1-1.0 pm. The weight percentages of the
components are
shown in Table XI below:
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-m-o2 PCT/US00/13842
66
Table XI
Component Weight
Protopet~ 1 S 57
Behenyl Alcohol 30
Microcrystalline Wax 5.0
Zinc Oxide 5.0
Mineral Oil 2.0
Captex 100 1.0
B. Preparation of Skin Care Composition Treated Article by Hot Melt Spraying
Skin Care Composition K is placed into a heated tank operating at a
temperature
of 90°C. The composition is subsequently sprayed (using a Dynatec
E84B1758
spray head, operating at a temperature of 90°C and an atomization
pressure of
l6kPa) onto the DRI-WEAVE topsheet of Whisper Slim Wing Regular Long
manufactured by Procter & Gamble Far East, Inc., in a couple of stripes which
is
40mm wide (lateral direction) and 200mm long (longitudinal direction) in an
add
on level = 4 g/m2.
Example 12
A. Preparation of Skin Care Composition
A water free skin care composition (Skin Care Composition L) is made by mixing
zinc
oxide made by Zinc Corporation of America under the name USP-1 with mineral
oil
made by Shell Co. under the name of Kaydol as a pre-dispersion solvent for
zinc oxide,
propylene glycol dicaprate made by Abitec Performance Products under the name
Captex 100 as a dispersing agent for zinc oxide and the following melted
components;
Petrolatum made by Witco Corp. under the name Super White Protopet~ , Behenyl
Alcohol made by Henkel Corp. under the name Lanette 22, Stearyl Alcohol made
by
Procter and Gamble Company under the name C01895, and Microcrystalline wax
made
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-ii-o2 PCT/LTS00/13842
67
by Witco Corp. under the name Multiwax~ W-835. These are mixed by a high speed
blade mixer (Tokusyu Kika TK Robo Mics, operating at SOOOrpm) at 90°C.
Super
White Protopet~ is petrolatum. The ratio of the heavy aliphatic hydrocarbons
having
alkyl chain length of from 27 to 36 to the light hydrocarbons having alkyl
chain length
of from 17 to 26 is 2.3:1Ø The ratio of the heavy aliphatic hydrocarbons
having alkyl
chain length of from 30 to 36 to the light aliphatic hydrocarbons aliphatic
having alkyl
chain length of from 20 to 26 is 1.7:1Ø The ratio of the heavy aliphatic
hydrocarbons
having alkyl chain length of from 33 to 36 to the light aliphatic hydrocarbons
aliphatic
having alkyl chain length of from 23 to 26 is 1.3:1Ø C01895 is a linear Clg
primary
alcohol. Multiwax~ W-835 is microcrystalline wax having a consistency of from
60 to
80 at 25°C measured under ASTM D-1321. . USP-1 is zinc oxide having an
average
particle diameter of about 0.1-1.0 Vim. The weight percentages of the
components are
shown in Table XII below:
WO 00/69484 cA o23~302~ 2ooi-m-o2 PCT/US00/13842
68
Table XII
Component Weight
Super White Protopet~ 48
Behenyl Alcohol 25
Stearyl Alcohol 10
Microcrystalline Wax 10
Zinc Oxide 4.0
Mineral Oil 1.0
Captex 100 2.0
B. Preparation of Skin Care Composition Treated Article by Hot Melt Printing
Skin Care Composition L is placed into a heated tank operating at a
temperature of
90°C. The composition is subsequently applied with a contact applicator
(using a
Meltex EP45 hot melt adhesive applicator head opers~vng at a temperature of
90°C) onto all over the DRI-WEAVE topsheet of Whisper Slim Wing Regular
Long manufactured by Procter & Gamble Far East, Inc., at an add-on level = 6
g/m2.
It -should also be understood that all of the limits and ranges specified
herein
include all narrower ranges, limits, and amounts that are within the specified
limits and
ranges and that such narrower ranges and limits may be claimed even though
those limits
and ranges are not separately listed.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated
and
described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other
changes and
modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the
invention.
