Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
CA 02387279 2002-04-11
WO 01/32826 PCT/US00/30229
CONTAINER FOR WET WIPES
Technical field
The present invention relates to a sealable container containing a substrate
which
incorporates a composition. The composition comprises a cleaning and/or
antimicrobial
compositions. The substrate in combination with the composition can be used to
clean
and/or disinfect animate surfaces (e.g., human skin, mouth and the like) and
inanimate
surfaces including, but not limited to, hard surfaces like walls, tiles, table
tops, glass,
bathroom surfaces, kitchen surfaces, dishes as well as fabrics, clothes,
carpets and the
like.
Background of the invention
Cleaning and/or disinfecting compositions are well known in the art. The
compositions
are available in many forms, for example, as liquids, sprays and more recently
as wet
ropes.
Wet wipes provide an easy and fast way of cleaning and/or disinfecting any
kind of
surfaces. Indeed, wet wipes may be utilised in a variety of applications both
domestic and
industrial. Typically, wet wipes are used to clean and/or disinfect animate
surfaces (e.g.,
human skin, mouth and the like) and inanimate surfaces including, but not
limited to, hard
surfaces like walls, tiles, table tops, glass, bathroom surfaces, kitchen
surfaces, dishes as
well as fabrics, clothes, carpets and the like.
In general, such wet wipes essentially consist of a substrate which
incorporates a
composition. Indeed, the composition used for cleaning wet wipes has to
exhibit at least
some cleaning performance benefits. Disinfecting wet wipes can be similar to
cleaning
wet wipes, but the composition incorporated thereon additionally comprises a
disinfecting
material. It is generally recognised that such a disinfecting material greatly
reduces or
even eliminates microorganisms, e.g., bacteria, existing on a surface. In
other more
1
. . ,
CA 02387279 2002-04-11
preferred disinfecting compositions residual antimicrobial benefits are
delivered over
time (i.e., I2, 24 hrs) since the application is a non-rinsing one.
Wet wipes consisting of a substrate which incorporates a composition are
already known
in the art. For example, WO 89/05114 discloses disposable wipes for hard
surface
cleaning which are impregnated with a liquid composition.
However, the cleaning andlor disinfecting performance benefits of the
currently used wet
wipes may still be further improved. In addition to the cleaning and/or
disinfecting
performance benefits, other key benefits sought include reducing the presence
of residue
on drying of the composition and improving shine. These benefits can in some
instance
work against each other and thus it is the constant effort of the manufacturer
to provide
improved cleaning and/or disinfecting performance without negatively impacting
the
level of remaining residue and/or shine.
FurtherTnore, a drawback associated with the currently used wet wipes is that
fluid,
including the composition incorporated onto the substrate may partially or
even
completely evaporate during storage, resulting in the drying of the wipe.
Drying of the
wipe significantly reduces the cleaning and/or disinfecting performance
originally
provided by the wet wipes. Thus, wet wipes can be packaged in a closcable
container, for
example a plastic box, as described in the Applicant's co-pending patent
application EP
99870131.2. However, the evaporation of the composition may still take place
even
though a closeable container is employed, this may for example be due to the
insufficient
sealing or complete lack of sealing provided by such containers and/or
insufficient
closing mechanisms of such containers. Thus, the reduction or prevention of
the
evaporation of the composition incorporated onto a substrate may still be
further
improved.
It is therefore an a s p a c t of the present invention to provide a cleaning
and/or
disinfecting wet wipe exhibiting improved cleaning, shine, suds suppression
and reduced
level of residue on drying and in addition, in disinfecting embodiments,
improved
disinfecting efficacy and at least maintain, but preferably improve residual
disinfecting
benefit.
2
CA 02387279 2002-04-11
It is a further aspect of the present invention to provide cleaning and/or
disinfecting
wet wipe wherein the evaporation of the composition incorporated onto the
substrate is
reduced or even substantially prevented.
These aspects are met by the sealable container containing a substrate which
incorporates a composition comprising a multiple surfactant system, according
to the
present mvenrion.
Background art
WO 89/05114 discloses disposable impregnated wipes for cleaning hard surfaces
impregnated with an aqueous composition comprising at least one water-miscible
solvent.
US 4,666,621 discloses pre-moistened wipes for cleaning hard surfaces
impregnated with
a 3iquid cleaning solution comprising surfactants and up to 40% of a
monohydric aliphatic
alcohol of 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
WO 94/25554, WO 96/31586, WO 96/24655, WO 96/14378, WO 98/50507 as well as co-
pending patent applications all describe compositions comprising alkyl
sulphate,
nonionic and betaine and/or amine oxide surfactants. However, none of these
prior art
documents disclose the use of these combination of surfactants with a wet
wipe.
Sumrnarv of the invention
The present invention encompasses a sealable container containing a substrate
which
incorporates a composition comprising (i) an anionic andlor cationic
surfactant, (ii) a
nonionic surfactant and (iii) an amphoteric and/or zwitterionic surfactant.
3
CA 02387279 2002-04-11
WO 01/32826 PCT/US00/30229
Detailed description of the invention
Sealable Container
The present invention relates to a sealable container containing a wipe
comprising a
cleaning composition. The container as used herein must be sealable.
Preferably the
container is re-sealable, meaning that it can be opened and then re-sealed.
The container comprises a container body having at least one opening and a
sealable
element, more preferably a re-sealable element by which the container can be
sealed.
The container may be for example a box, bag, pouch, envelope or any other
suitable
construction. The container is made using any suitable material. More
preferably the
container is made from plastic and/or metal.
In a particularly preferred embodiment the container herein is a box, wherein
said box is
molded from a polypropylene material or any other suitable thermoplastic
materials such
as polyethylene, polystyrene, acrylonitryl butadiene styrene (ABS), polyester,
polyvinyl
chloride, polycarbonate or elastomer, or a blend of these compounds. In
another
particularly preferred embodiment the container herein is a pouch, wherein
said pouch
consists essentially of a laminate film of polyethylene, polypropylene and/or
other
suitable thermoplastic materials.
In a preferred embodiment the substrate incorporating the composition (i.e.
the wipe) is
housed within a pouch and the pouch housed within a box. The benefit of using
such a
container system of both box and pouch, is the further optimisation of the
sealing
capabilities of the container.
The sealable element may be, for example a lid, hatch, cover or any other
suitable means
which occludes the opening of the container body. In a preferred aspect of the
present
invention the container when sealed is substantially airtight. Thus when in
the airtight
sealed position, the container is substantially impermeable to air, even
through the
container opening.
4
CA 02387279 2002-04-11
WO 01/32826 PCT/LTS00/30229
In a preferred aspect of the present invention the container is as described
in co-pending
Application number EP 98870244.5.
Substrate
The substrate according to the present invention incorporates a composition
comprising a
surfactant system. The substrate is provided by a web, typically as a sheet of
material cut
from the web.
The web may be woven or nonwoven, foam, sponge, battings, balls, puffs, films,
or tissue
paper comprising synthetic and/or man-made fibers. Most preferably the web is
nonwoven comprising synthetic and/or man-made fibers.
According to the present invention the web may be produced by any method known
in the
art. For example nonwoven material substrates can be formed by dry forming
techniques
such as air-laying or wet laying, such as on a paper making machine. Other
nonwoven
manufacturing techniques such as melt blown, spun bonded, needle punched and
spun
laced methods may also be used. A preferred method is air laying.
While various embodiments of a web, to provide a substrate, are within the
scope of the
present invention and are detailed below, in a preferred embodiment the web is
air-laid
and non-woven comprising man-made fibres.
Man-made fibres, as used herein, includes fibres manufactured from cellulose,
either
derivative or regenerated. They are distinguishable from synthetic fibres
which are based
on synthetic organic polymers. A derivative fibre, as used herein, is a fibre
formed when
a chemical derivative of a natural polymer, e.g., cellulose, is prepared,
dissolved, and
extruded as a continuous filament, and the chemical nature of the derivative
is retained
after the fibre formation process. A regenerated fibre, as used herein, is a
fibre formed
when a natural polymer, or its chemical derivative, is dissolved and extruded
as a
continuous filament, and the chemical nature of the natural polymer is either
retained or
regenerated after the fibre formation process. Typical examples of man made
fibres
include: regenerated viscose rayon and cellulose acetate. Preferred man-made
fibres have
a fineness of 0.5 dtex to 3.0 dtex, more preferably of 1.0 dtex to 2.0 dtex,
most preferably
of 1.6 dtex to 1.8 dtex.
5
WO 01/32826 CA 02387279 2002-04-11 pCT~S00/30229
Preferred man-made fibres used in the present invention are Lyocell~ fibres
that are
produced by dissolving cellulose fibres in N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide and
which are
supplied by Tencel Fibres Europe, UK.
Man-made fibres are preferred herein due to their high consumer acceptance and
their
cheap and typically ecological production. Importantly, man-made fibres and in
particular
cellulose derived man-made fibres, exhibit a high biodegradability and hence
are
environment friendly after disposal.
According to the present invention the web may comprise man-made fibres at a
level of
preferably from 5% to 50%, more preferably from 10% to 30%, most preferably
from
12% to 25%. Preferably, the web may further comprise a number of different
fibre
materials. Such fibre materials include hydrophilic fibre material such as
viscose, cotton,
or flax and hydrophobic fibre material such as polyethylene tetraphthalate
(PET) or
polypropylene (PP). In a preferred aspect the hydrophilic and hydrophobic
fibres are
present in a ratio of 10%-90% hydrophilic and 90%-10% hydrophobic material by
weight. A particularly preferred web comprises 70% wood pulp, 12% man-made
fibres
and 18% latex binder, preferably a butadiene-styrene emulsion.
The web preferably has a weight of at least 20 gm-2 and preferably less than
150 gm-2,
and most preferably the base weight is in the range of 20 gm-2 to 100 gm-2,
more
preferably from 50 gm-2 to 95 gm-2. The web may have any calliper. Typically,
when the
web is made by an air laying process, the average web calliper is less than
1.0 mm. More
preferably the average calliper of the web is from 0.1 mm to 0.9 mm. The web
calliper is
measured according to standard EDANA nonwoven industry methodology, reference
method # 30.4-89.
In addition to the fibres used to make the web, the web can comprise other
components or
materials added thereto as known in the art, including binders as specified.
Furthermore,
the web may also comprise agents to improve the optical characteristics of the
web, such
as opacifying agents, for example titanium dioxide.
According to the present invention the web may comprise a non-acrylate binder.
The term
"binder" as used herein describes any agent employed to interlock fibers. Such
agents
comprise wet strength resins and dry strength resins. It is often desirable
particularly for
cellulose based materials to add chemical substances known in the art as wet
strength
6
CA 02387279 2002-04-11
WO 01/32826 PCT/US00/30229
resins. A general dissertation on the types of wet strength resins utilised
namely in the
paper art can be found in TAPPI monograph series No. 29, Wet Strength in Paper
and
Paperboard, Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (New York,
1965). In
addition to wet strength additives, it can also be desirable to include
certain dry strength
and lint control additives known in the art such as starch binders.
Preferred binders used to bond non-wovens are polymeric binders, preferably
latex
binders, more preferably waterborne latex binders. Suitable binders include
butadiene-
styrene emulsions, ethylene vinyl acetate emulsions, vinyl acetate, vinyl
chloride and
combinations thereof. Preferred latex binders are made from styrene,
butadiene,
acrylonitrile-butadiene emulsions or combination thereof.
The term non-acrylate binder, as used herein, encompasses all latex binders
that do not
comprise acrylic acid or acrylic acid ester or vinyl acetate monomers.
Preferred binders
according to the present invention include: Butadiene-styrene emulsions,
carboxylated
styrene-butadiene emulsion, Acrylonitrile-butadiene emulsions, polyacrylamide
resins,
Polyamide-epichlorohydrin resin, Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene emulsion,
Styrene
Acrylonitrile. The most preferred binder according the present invention is a
butadiene-
styrene emulsion, which can be commercially obtained from the Ameribol Svnpol
Corp.
as RoweneTM SB 5550.
The binder can be applied to the web by any method known in the art. Suitable
methods
include spraying, printing (e.g. flexographic printing), coating (e.g. gravure
coating or
flood coating), padding, foaming, impregnation, saturation and further
extrusion whereby
the composition is forced through tubes in contact with the substrate whilst
the substrate
passes across the tube or combinations of these application techniques. For
example
spraying the composition on a rotating surface such as calendar roll that then
transfers
the composition to the surface of the substrate. The most preferred method for
the
application of the binder is spraying onto the web. Most preferably the binder
is sprayed
onto one side of the web in one step of application and onto the other side of
the web in a
independent step of application.
Typically, the amount of the binder applied to the web, as measured in weight
% of the
dry weight of the fibres comprised by the web, is from 5% to 30%, more
preferably from
10% to 25 %, most preferably from 14% to 22%. Of course the amount of binder
to be
applied largely depends on the kind of web to be treated.
7
CA 02387279 2002-04-11
WO 01/32826 PCT/US00/30229
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention the substrate
incorporates a
cleaning composition ~s described herein. By "incorporates" it is meant herein
that said
substrate or wet wipe is coated or impregnated with a liquid cleaning
composition as
described herein.
In preparing wet wipes according to the present invention, the composition is
applied to
at least one surface of the substrate material. The composition can be applied
at any time
during the manufacture of the wet wipe. Preferably the composition can be
applied to the
substrate after the substrate has been dried. Any variety of application
methods that
evenly distribute lubricious materials having a molten or liquid consistency
can be used.
Suitable methods include spraying, printing, (e.g. flexographic printing),
coating (e.g.
gravure coating or flood coating) extrusion whereby the composition is forced
through
tubes in contact with the substrate whilst the substrate passes across the
tube or
combinations of these application techniques. For example spraying the
composition on a
rotating surface such as calender roll that then transfers the composition to
the surface of
the substrate. The composition can be applied either to one surface of the
substrate or
both surfaces, preferably both surfaces. The preferred application method is
extrusion
coating.
The composition can also be applied uniformly or non uniformly to the surfaces
of the
substrate. By non uniform it is meant that for example the amount, pattern of
distribution
of the composition can vary over the surface of the substrate. For example
some of the
surface of the substrate can have greater or lesser amounts of composition,
including
portions of the surface that do not have any composition on it. Preferably
however the
composition is uniformly applied to the surfaces of the wipes. The composition
is
typically applied in an amount of from about 0.5 g to 10 g per gram of
substrate,
preferably from 1.0 g to 5 g per gram of substrate, most preferably from 2 g
to 4 g per
gram of dry substrate.
Preferably, the composition can be applied to the substrate at any point after
it has been
dried. For example the composition can be applied to the substrate preferably
after
calendering and prior to being wound up onto a parent roll. Typically, the
application will
be carried out on a substrate unwound from a roll having a width equal to a
substantial
number of wipes it is intended to produce. The substrate with the composition
applied
8
CA 02387279 2002-04-11
WO 01/32826 PCT/US00/30229
thereto is then subsequently perforated utilising standard techniques in order
to produce
the desired perforation line.
Composition
The composition of the present invention is preferably suitable for use as a
cleaning
and/or disinfecting composition. The compositions may be formulated in any
suitable
form for example as a solid, paste or liquid. In the case where the
compositions
according to the present invention are formulated as solids, they can be
applied to the
substrate as a solid or alternatively can be mixed with an appropriate
solvent, typically
water, before application to the substrate. Where the composition is in liquid
form, the
compositions are preferably but not necessarily formulated as aqueous
compositions.
Liquid compositions are preferred herein for convenience of use.
In a preferred embodiment the liquid compositions according to the present
invention are
aqueous compositions typically comprising from 50% to 99.9% by weight of the
total
composition of water, preferably from 70% to 99% and more preferably from 80%
to
99%. These aqueous compositions preferably have a pH as is of not more than
13.0, more
preferably from 1 to 11, and most preferably from 2 to 10. The pH of the
compositions
can be adjusted by using organic or inorganic acids, or alkalinising agents.
Suitable organic acids include citric acid, lactic acid and mixtures thereof.
In a preferred
embodiment of the present invention, the composition herein comprises an
organic acid,
preferably citric acid, lactic acid or a mixture thereof, and most preferably
lactic acid.
Compositions suitable for use as a cleaning composition preferably have pH in
the range
of from 5 to 13, more preferably from 7 to 13 and most preferably from 8 to
10.
Compositions for use as disinfecting compositions preferably have a pH in the
range of
from 0 to 7, more preferably from 1 to 5 and most preferably from 2 to 4.
In another preferred embodiment according to the present invention, the liquid
compositions herein are substantially free, preferably free, of pH modifying
agents.
Preferably, the compositions being substantially free, preferably free, of pH
modifying
agents have a pH of from 6.5 to 7.5, more preferably of from 6.8 to 7.2.
9
WO 01/32826 CA 02387279 2002-04-11 pCT/pS00/30229
By "substantially free" it is meant herein, that the liquid composition
comprises less than
1%, preferably less than 0.5%, more preferably less than 0.1%, and even more
preferably
less than 0.05%, by weight of the total composition of a pH modifying agent.
By "pH modifying agents" it is meant herein, ingredients solely added for the
purpose of
modifying the pH of the compositions described as for example acids, sources
of
alkalinity, buffers and the like and mixtures thereof.
By acids it is meant herein any organic acid, as for example, citric acid,
malefic acid,
lactic acid, glycolic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid and adipic acid, and
mixtures thereof
and/or any inorganic acid, as for example, sulphuric acid, chloridric acid,
phosphoric
acid, nitric acid, and mixtures thereof. By sources of alkalinity for use
herein are the
caustic alkalis such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and/or lithium
hydroxide,
and/or the alkali metal oxides such as sodium and/or potassium oxide, and/or
other
suitable sources of alkalinity including ammonia, ammonium carbonate and
hydrogen
carbonate.
It has been observed that when a substrate incorporating a liquid composition
as
described herein is used to clean and/or disinfect an animate or inanimate
surface,
wherein said liquid composition is substantially free, preferably free, of pH
modifying
agents, streaking and/or spotting benefits can be observed. Indeed, the
absence of pH
modifying agents in the liquid compositions herein can contribute to reduce or
even
prevent the formation of streaks and/or spots on a surface cleaned and/or
disinfected with
a substrate incorporating a liquid composition as described herein being
substantially free
of pH modifying agents as compared to a similar surface cleaned and/or
disinfected with
a substrate incorporating a liquid composition not being substantially free of
pH
modifying agents. By reducing or even preventing the formation of streaks
and/or spots
on said cleaned and/or disinfected surface, shine benefits are provided to
said surface.
Surfactant System
According to the present invention the substrate incorporates a composition
comprising a
surfactant system. The surfactant system consists of a synergistic system
comprising at
least three surfactants, namely an anionic and/or cationic surfactant, a
nonionic surfactant
and an amphoteric and/or zwitterionic surfactant.
WO 01/32826 CA 02387279 2002-04-11 pCT~S00/30229
The compositions preferably comprises the surfactant system at a level by
weight of the
total composition of from 0.05-20%, more preferably from 0.1-5% and most
preferably
from 0.2-3%.
Anionic Surfactant:
Suitable anionic surfactants for use herein include alkyl sulphates. Suitable
alkyl
sulphates for use herein include water-soluble salts or acids of the formula
ROS03M
wherein R is a C6-C24 linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl
group,
preferably a Cg-C2p alkyl group, more preferably a Cg-C16 alkyl group and most
preferably a C10-C14 alkyl group, and M is H or a canon, e.g., an alkali metal
cation
(e.g., sodium, potassium, lithium), or ammonium or substituted ammonium (e.g.,
methyl-,
dimethyl-, and trimethyl ammonium canons and quaternary ammonium canons, such
as
tetramethyl-ammonium and dimethyl piperdinium canons and quaternary ammonium
cations derived from alkylamines such as ethylamine, diethylamine,
triethylamine, and
mixtures thereof, and the like).
Suitable anionic surfactants for use herein further include alkyl aryl
sulphates. Suitable
alkyl aryl sulphates for use herein include water-soluble salts or acids of
the formula
ROS03M wherein R is an aryl, preferably a benzyl, substituted by a C6-C24
linear or
branched saturated or unsaturated alkyl group, preferably a Cg-C20 alkyl group
and more
preferably a C 10-C 16 alkyl group and M is H or a cation, e.g., an alkali
metal cation (e.g.,
sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium and the like) or ammonium or
substituted ammonium (e.g., methyl-, dimethyl-, and trimethyl ammonium cations
and
quaternary ammonium canons, such as tetramethyl-ammonium and dimethyl
piperdinium
cations and quaternary ammonium canons derived from alkylamines such as
ethylamine,
diethylamine, triethylamine, and mixtures thereof, and the like).
Suitable anionic surfactants for use herein further include alkoxylated
sulphate
surfactants. Suitable alkoxylated sulphate surfactants for use herein are
according to the
formula RO(A)mS03M wherein R is an unsubstituted C6-C24 alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or
alkyl aryl group, having a linear or branched C6-C24 alkyl component,
preferably a C 12-
C20 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, more preferably C 12-C 1 g alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, A
is an
ethoxy or propoxy or butoxy unit or a mixture thereof, m is greater than zero,
typically
between 0.5 and 6, more preferably between 0.5 and 3, and M is H or a canon
which can
be, for example, a metal cation (e.g., sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium,
magnesium,
etc.), ammonium or substituted-ammonium canon. Alkyl ethoxylated sulphates,
alkyl
11
CA 02387279 2002-04-11
WO 01/32826 PCT/US00/30229
butoxylated sulphates as well as alkyl propoxylated sulphates are contemplated
herein.
Specific examples of substituted ammonium canons include methyl-, dimethyl-,
trimethyl-ammonium and quaternary ammonium cations, such as tetramethyl-
ammonium,
dimethyl piperdinium and canons derived from alkanolamines such as ethylamine,
diethylamine, triethylamine, mixtures thereof, and the like. Exemplary
surfactants are
C 12-C 1 g alkyl polyethoxylate ( 1.0) sulphate (C 12-C 1 gE( 1.0)SM), C 12-C
1 g alkyl
polyethoxylate (2.25) sulphate (C 12-C 1 gE(2.25)SM), C 12-C 1 g alkyl
polyethoxylate (3.0)
sulphate (C 12-C 1 gE(3.0)SM), and C 12-C 1 g alkyl polyethoxylate (4.0)
sulphate (C 12-
C 1 gE(4.0)SM), wherein M is conveniently selected from sodium and potassium.
Suitable anionic surfactants for use herein further include alkyl sulphonates.
Suitable
alkyl sulphonates for use herein include water-soluble salts or acids of the
formula
RS03M wherein R is a C6-C20 linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl
group,
preferably a Cg-C 1 g alkyl group and more preferably a C 14-C 1 ~ alkyl
group, and M is H
or a canon, e.g., an alkali metal canon (e.g., sodium, potassium, lithium), or
ammonium
or substituted ammonium (e.g., methyl-, dimethyl-, and trimethyl ammonium
canons and
quaternary ammonium canons, such as tetramethyl-ammonium and dimethyl
piperdinium
cations and quaternary ammonium cations derived from alkylamines such as
ethylamine,
diethylamine, triethylamine, and mixtures thereof, and the like).
Suitable anionic surfactants for use herein further include alkyl aryl
sulphonates. Suitable
alkyl aryl sulphonates for use herein include water-soluble salts or acids of
the formula
RS03M wherein R is an aryl, preferably a benzyl, substituted by a C6-C20
linear or
branched saturated or unsaturated alkyl group, preferably a Cg-C 1 g alkyl
group and more
preferably a Cg-C14 alkyl group, and M is H or a canon, e.g., an alkali metal
cation (e.g.,
sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium and the like) or ammonium or
substituted ammonium (e.g., methyl-, dimethyl-, and trimethyl ammonium cations
and
quaternary ammonium cations, such as tetramethyl-ammonium and dimethyl
piperdinium
canons and quaternary ammonium cations derived from alkylamines such as
ethylamine,
diethylamine, triethylamine, and mixtures thereof, and the like).
Particularly suitable alkyl sulphonates include C 14-C 1 ~ paraffin sulphonate
like Hostapur
~ SAS commercially available from Hoechst. An example of commercially
available
alkyl aryl sulphonate is Lauryl aryl sulphonate from Su.Ma.. Particularly
preferred alkyl
aryl sulphonates are alkyl benzene sulphonates commercially available under
trade name
Nansa~ available from Albright&Wilson.
12
CA 02387279 2002-04-11
WO 01/32826 PCT/US00/30229
Suitable anionic surfactants for use herein further include alkoxylated
sulphonate
surfactants. Suitable alkoxylated sulphonate surfactants for use herein are
according to
the formula R(A)mS03M wherein R is an unsubstituted C6-C20 alkyl, hydroxyalkyl
or
alkyl aryl group, having a linear or branched C6-C20 alkyl component,
preferably a C12-
C20 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, more preferably C 12-C 1 g alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, A
is an
ethoxy or propoxy or butoxy unit, m is greater than zero, typically between
0.5 and 6,
more preferably between 0.5 and 3, and M is H or a canon which can be, for
example, a
metal cation (e.g., sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, etc.),
ammonium or
substituted-ammonium canon. Alkyl ethoxylated sulphonates, alkyl butoxylated
sulphonates as well as alkyl propoxylated sulphonates are contemplated herein.
Specific
examples of substituted ammonium canons include methyl-, dimethyl-, trimethyl-
ammonium and quaternary ammonium cations, such as tetramethyl-ammonium,
dimethyl
piperdinium and canons derived from alkanolamines such as ethylamine,
diethylamine,
triethylamine, mixtures thereof, and the like. Exemplary surfactants are C 12-
C 1 g alkyl
polyethoxylate ( 1.0) sulphonate (C 12-C 1 gE( 1.0)SM), C 12-C 1 g alkyl
polyethoxylate
(2.25) sulphonate (C 12-C 1 gE(2.25)SM), C 12-C 1 g alkyl polyethoxylate (3.0)
sulphonate
(C 12-C 1 gE(3.0)SM), and C 12-C 1 g alkyl polyethoxylate (4.0) sulphonate (C
12-
C 1 gE(4.0)SM), wherein M is conveniently selected from sodium and potassium.
Particularly suitable alkoxylated sulphonates include alkyl aryl polyether
sulphonates like
Triton X-200~ commercially available from Union Carbide.
Suitable anionic surfactants for use herein further include C6-C20 alkyl
alkoxylated
linear or branched diphenyl oxide disulphonate surfactants. Suitable C6-C20
alkyl
alkoxylated linear or branched diphenyl oxide disulphonate surfactants for use
herein are
according to the following formula:
O \ / -R
S03-X+ S03-X+
wherein R is a C6-C20 linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl
group,
preferably a C6-C 1 g alkyl group and more preferably a C6-C 14 alkyl group,
and X+ is H
or a canon, e.g., an alkali metal canon (e.g., sodium, potassium, lithium,
calcium,
magnesium and the like). Particularly suitable C6-C20 alkyl alkoxylated linear
or
13
CA 02387279 2002-04-11
WO 01/32826 PCT/US00/30229
branched diphenyl oxide disulphonate surfactants to be used herein are the C
12 branched
di phenyl oxide disulphonic acid and C16 linear di phenyl oxide disulphonate
sodium salt
respectively commercially available by DOW under the trade name Dowfax 2A1~
and
Dowfax 8390~.
Other suitable anionic surfactants for use herein include alkyl-carboxylates.
Other anionic
surfactants can include salts (including, for example, sodium, potassium,
ammonium, and
substituted ammonium salts such as mono-, di- and triethanolamine salts) of
soap, Cg-C24
olefinsulfonates, sulfonated polycarboxylic acids prepared by sulfonation of
the pyrolyzed
product of alkaline earth metal citrates, e.g., as described in British patent
specification
No. 1,082,179; acyl glycerol sulfonates, fatty oleyl glycerol sulfates, alkyl
phenol
ethylene oxide ether sulfates, alkyl phosphates, isethionates such as the acyl
isethionates,
N-acyl taurates, alkyl succinamates and sulfosuccinates, monoesters of
sulfosuccinate
(especially saturated and unsaturated C 12-C 1 g monoesters) diesters of
sulfosuccinate
(especially saturated and unsaturated C6-C14 diesters), acyl sarcosinates,
sulfates of
alkylpolysaccharides such as the sulfates of alkylpolyglucoside (the nonionic
nonsulfated
compounds being described below), branched primary alkyl sulfates, alkyl
polyethoxy
carboxylates such as those of the formula RO(CH2CH20)kCH2C00-M+ wherein R is a
C8-C22 alkyl, k is an integer from 0 to 10, and M is a soluble salt-forming
cation. Resin
acids and hydrogenated resin acids are also suitable, such as rosin,
hydrogenated rosin,
and resin acids and hydrogenated resin acids present in or derived from tall
oil. Further
examples are given in "Surface Active Agents and Detergents" (Vol. I and II by
Schwartz,
Perry and Berch). A variety of such surfactants are also generally disclosed
in U.S. Patent
3,929,678, issued December 30, 1975 to Laughlin, et al. at Column 23, line 58
through
Column 29, line 23.
In one preferred embodiment, preferred anionic surfactants for use herein are
the C8-C16
alkyl sulfonates, C8-C16 alkyl sulfates, including branched alkyl sulphates,
C8-C16 alkyl
alkoxylated sulfates (e.g., C8-C16 alkyl ethoxylated sulfates), C8-C16 alkyl
alkoxylated
sulphonates and mixtures thereof. Such anionic surfactants are preferred
herein as it has
been found that they contribute to the disinfecting properties of a
disinfecting
composition herein. For example, C8-C16 alkyl sulfate acts by disorganizing
the bacteria
cell membrane, inhibiting enzymatic activities, interrupting the cellular
transport and/or
denaturing cellular proteins. Indeed, it is speculated that the improved
disinfecting
performance further associated with the addition of an anionic surfactant,
especially a C8-
C16 alkyl sulfonate, a C8-C16 alkyl sulfate and/or a C8-C16 alkyl alkoxylated
sulfate, in
14
WO 01/32826 CA 02387279 2002-04-11 pCT/US00/30229
a composition according to the present invention, is likely due to multiple
mode of attack
of said surfactant against the bacteria.
In a second preferred embodiment, the anionic surfactant is selected from the
group
consisting of : C6_24 alkyl sulphates; C6_24 alkyl aryl sulphates; C6_24 alkyl
alkoxylated
sulphates; C6_24 alkyl sulphonates, including paraffin sulphonates; C6_24
alkyl aryl
sulphonates; C6_24 alkyl alkoxylated sulphonates; C6-C24 alkyl alkoxylated
linear or
branched diphenyl oxide disulphonates; naphthalene sulphonates; and mixtures
thereof.
More preferably the anionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting
of : C6_24
alkyl sulphonates; C6_24 alkyl sulphates; C6_24 alkyl alkoxylated sulphates;
C6_24 alkyl
aryl sulphonates; and mixtures thereof. Even more preferably the anionic
surfactant for
use herein is a paraffin sulphonate. Most preferably the anionic surfactant
for use herein
is a C 14-C 1 ~ paraffin sulphonate.
In a third preferred embodiment the anionic surfactant is a branched alkyl
sulphate
surfactant. Branched alkyl sulphate is herein defined to mean a an alkyl
sulfate comprising
a sulfate group and a carbon chain of preferably from 2 to 20, more preferably
from 2 to
16, most preferably from 2 to 8 carbon atoms. The carbon chain of the branched
alkyl
sulfate comprises at least one branching group attached to the carbon chain.
The
branching group is selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group having
from 1 to
20 , more preferably from 1 to 10 and most preferably from 1 to 4 carbon
atoms. The
branching group may be located at any position along the alkyl chain of the
branched alkyl
sulfate. More preferably the branching group is located at position from 1 to
4 along the
alkyl chain. The sulfate group can be at any point along the length of the
alkyl chain, most
preferable at a terminus.
Suitable preferred branched alkyl sulfates include those available from
Albright & Wilson
under the tradename Empicol 0585/A.
Cationic Surfactant:
Suitable cationic surfactants for use herein include derivatives of quaternary
ammonium,
phosphonium, imidazolium and sulfonium compounds. Preferred cationic
surfactants for
use herein are quaternary ammonium compounds wherein one or two of the
hydrocarbon
groups linked to nitrogen are a saturated, linear or branched alkyl group of 6
to 30 carbon
atoms, preferably of 10 to 25 carbon atoms, and more preferably of 10 to 20
carbon
atoms, and wherein the other hydrocarbon groups (i.e. three when one
hydrocarbon group
WO 01/32826 CA 02387279 2002-04-11 pCT/IJS00/30229
is a long chain hydrocarbon group as mentioned hereinbefore or two when two
hydrocarbon groups are long chain hydrocarbon groups as mentioned
hereinbefore)
linked to the nitrogen are independently substituted or unsubstituted, linear
or branched,
alkyl chain of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably of from 1 to 3 carbon
atoms, and more
preferably are methyl groups. Preferred quaternary ammonium compounds suitable
for
use herein are non-chloride/non halogen quaternary ammonium compounds.
Particularly preferred for use in the compositions of the present invention
are trimethyl
quaternary ammonium compounds like myristyl trimethylsulfate, cetyl
trimethylsulfate
and/or tallow trimethylsulfate. Such trimethyl quaternary ammonium compounds
are
commercially available from Hoechst, or from Albright & Wilson under the trade
name
EMPIGEN CM~. Another preferred quaternary surfactant is Benzalkonium Chloride
Nonionic Surfactant:
Suitable nonionic surfactants for use herein are fatty alcohol ethoxylates
and/or
propoxylates which are commercially available with a variety of fatty alcohol
chain
lengths and a variety of ethoxylation degrees. Indeed, the HLB values of such
alkoxylated nonionic surfactants depend essentially on the chain length of the
fatty
alcohol, the nature of the alkoxylation and the degree of alkoxylation.
Surfactant
catalogues are available which list a number of surfactants, including
nonionics, together
with their respective HLB values. Preferred nonionic surfactants for one
embodiment are
those having an average HLB from 8 to 20, more preferably from 10 to 18, most
preferably from 11 to 16. These hydrophobic nonionic surfactants have been
found to
provide good grease cutting properties.
Preferred hydrophobic nonionic surfactants for use in the compositions
according to the
present invention are surfactants having an HLB below 16 and being according
to the
formula RO-(C2H40)n(C3H60)mH, wherein R is a C6 to C22 alkyl chain or a C6 to
C2g
alkyl benzene chain, and wherein n+m is from 0 to 20 and n is from 0 to 15 and
m is from
0 to 20, preferably n+m is from 1 to 15 and, n and m are from 0.5 to 15, more
preferably
n+m is from 1 to 10 and, n and m are from 0 to 10. The preferred R chains for
use herein
are the Cg to C22 alkyl chains. Accordingly, suitable hydrophobic nonionic
surfactants for
use herein are Dobanol R 91-2.5 (HLB= 8.1; R is a mixture of C9 and C11 alkyl
chains, n
is 2.5 and m is 0), or Lutensol R T03 (HLB=8; R is a C 13 alkyl chains, n is 3
and m is 0),
or Lutensol R A03 (HLB=8; R is a mixture of C 13 and C 15 alkyl chains, n is 3
and m is
0), or Tergitol R 25L3 (HLB= 7.7; R is in the range of C12 to C15 alkyl chain
length, n is
16
CA 02387279 2002-04-11
WO 01/32826 PCT/US00/30229
3 and m is 0), or Dobanol R 23-3 (HLB=8.1; R is a mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl
chains, n
is 3 and m is 0), or Dobanol R 23-2 (HLB=6.2; R is a mixture of C 12 and C 13
alkyl
chains, n is 2 and m is 0), or Dobanol R 45-7 (HLB=11.6; R is a mixture of C14
and C15
alkyl chains, n is 7 and m is 0) Dobanol R 23-6.5 (HLB=11.9; R is a mixture of
C12 and
C13 alkyl chains, n is 6.5 and m is 0), or Dobanol R 25-7 (HLB=12; R is a
mixture of C12
and C15 alkyl chains, n is 7 and m is 0), or Dobanol R 91-5 (HLB=11.6; R is a
mixture of
Cg and C11 alkyl chains, n is S and m is 0), or Dobanol R 91-6 (HLB=12.5 ; R
is a mixture
of Cg and C11 alkyl chains, n is 6 and m is 0), or Dobanol R 91-8 (HLB=13.7 ;
R is a
mixture of Cg and C11 alkyl chains, n is 8 and m is 0), Dobanol R 91-10
(HLB=14.2 ; R
is a mixture of Cg to C11 alkyl chains, n is 10 and m is 0), or mixtures
thereof. Preferred
herein are Dobanol R 91-2.5 , or Lutensol R T03, or Lutensol R A03, or
Tergitol R 25L3,
or Dobanol R 23-3, or Dobanol R 23-2, or mixtures thereof. These DobanolR
surfactants
are commercially available from SHELL. These LutensolR surfactants are
commercially
available from BASF and these Tergitol R surfactants are commercially
available from
UNION CARBIDE.
In a preferred embodiment the nonionic surfactant herein is an alkoxylated
nonionic
surfactant according to the formula RO-(A)nH, wherein : R is a C6 to C22,
preferably a
Cg to C22, more preferably a Cg to C14 alkyl chain, or a C6 to C2g alkyl
benzene chain;
A is an ethoxy or propoxy or butoxy unit; and wherein n is from 0 to 20,
preferably from
1 to 15 and, more preferably from 2 to 15 even more preferably from 2 to 12
and most
preferably from 4 to 10. Preferred R chains for use herein are the Cg to C22
alkyl chains.
Even more preferred R chains for use herein are the Cg to C 12 alkyl chains.
Ethoxy/butoxylated, ethoxy/propoxylated, butoxy/propoxylated and
ethoxy/butoxy/propoxylated nonionic surfactants may also be used herein.
Preferred
alkoxylated nonionic surfactants are ethoxylated nonionic surfactants.
Suitable alkylpolysaccharides for use herein are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.
4,565,647,
Llenado, issued Jan. 21, 1986, having a hydrophobic group containing from
about 6 to
about 30 carbon atoms, preferably from about 10 to about 16 carbon atoms and a
polysaccharide, e.g., a polyglycoside, hydrophilic group. For acidic or
alkaline cleaning
compositions/solutions suitable for use in no-rinse methods, the preferred
alkyl
polysaccharide preferably comprises a broad distribution of chain lengths, as
these
provide the best combination of wetting, cleaning, and low residue upon
drying. This
"broad distribution" is defined by at least about 50% of the chainlength
mixture
17
WO 01/32826 CA 02387279 2002-04-11 pCT~S00/30229
comprising from about 10 carbon atoms to about 16 carbon atoms. Preferably,
the alkyl
group of the alkyl polysaccharide consists of a mixtures of chainlength,
preferably from
about 6 to about 18 carbon atoms, more preferably from about 8 to about 16
carbon
atoms, and hydrophilic group containing from about one to about 1.5
saccharide,
preferably glucoside, groups per molecule. This "broad chainlength
distribution" is
defined by at least about 50% of the chainlength mixture comprising from about
10
carbon atoms to about 16 carbon atoms. A broad mixture of chain lengths,
particularly
C8-C~6, is highly desirable relative to narrower range chain length mixtures,
and
particularly versus lower (i.e., C8-Coo or Cg-C,Z) chainlength alkyl
polyglucoside
mixtures. It is also found that the preferred C8_,6 alkyl polyglucoside
provides much
improved perfume solubility versus lower and narrower chainlength alkyl
polyglucosides,
as well as other preferred surfactants, including the C8-C,a alkyl
ethoxylates. Any
reducing saccharide containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms can be used, e.g., glucose,
galactose
and galactosyl moieties can be substituted for the glucosyl moieties.
(optionally the
hydrophobic group is attached at the 2-, 3-, 4-, etc. positions thus giving a
glucose or
galactose as opposed to a glucoside or galactoside.) The intersaccharide bonds
can be,
e.g., between the one position of the additional saccharide units and the 2-,
3-, 4-, and/or
6- positions on the preceding saccharide units. The glycosyl is preferably
derived from
glucose.
Optionally, and less desirably, there can be a polyalkyleneoxide chain joining
the
hydrophobic moiety and the polysaccharide moiety. The preferred alkyleneoxide
is
ethylene oxide. Typical hydrophobic groups include alkyl groups, either
saturated or
unsaturated, branched or unbranched containing from 8 to 18, preferably from
10 to 16,
carbon atoms. Preferably, the alkyl group is a straight-chain saturated alkyl
group. The
alkyl group can contain up to about 3 hydroxyl groups and/or the
polyalkyleneoxide
chain can contain up to about 10, preferably less than 5, alkyleneoxide
moieties. Suitable
alkyl polysaccharides are octyl, nonyldecyl, undecyldodecyl, tridecyl,
tetradecyl,
pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, and octadecyl, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-,
and
hexaglucosides and/ or galatoses. Suitable mixtures include coconut alkyl, di-
, tri-, tetra-,
and pentaglucosides and tallow alkyl tetra-, penta- and hexaglucosides.
To prepare these compounds, the alcohol or alkylpolyethoxy alcohol is formed
first and
then reacted with glucose, or a source of glucose, to form the glucoside
(attachment at the
1-position). The additional glycosyl units can then be attached between their
1-position
18
CA 02387279 2002-04-11
WO 01/32826 PCT/US00/30229
and the preceding glycosyl units 2-,3-, 4- and/or 6-position, preferably
predominantly the
2-position.
In the alkyl polyglycosides, the alkyl moieties can be derived from the usual
sources like
fats, oils or chemically produced alcohols while their sugar moieties are
created from
hydrolyzed polysaccharides. Alkyl polyglycosides are the condensation product
of fatty
alcohol and sugars like glucose with the number of glucose units defining the
relative
hydrophilicity. As discussed above, the sugar units can additionally be
alkoxylated either
before or after reaction with the fatty alcohols. Such alkyl polyglycosides
are described
in detail in WO 86/05199 for example. Technical alkyl polyglycosides are
generally not
molecularly uniform products, but represent mixtures of alkyl groups and
mixtures of
monosaccharides and different oligosaccharides. Alkyl polyglycosides (also
sometimes
referred to as "APG's") are preferred for the purposes of the invention since
they provide
additional improvement in surface appearance relative to other surfactants.
The glycoside
moieties are preferably glucose moieties. The alkyl substituent is preferably
a saturated or
unsaturated alkyl moiety containing from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms,
preferably
from about 8 to about 10 carbon atoms or a mixture of such alkyl moieties. Cg-
C~6 alkyl
polyglucosides are commercially available (e.g., Simusol~ surfactants from
Seppic
Corporation, 75 Quai d'Orsay, 75321 Paris, Cedex 7, France, and Glucopon~425
available from Henkel. However, it has been found that purity of the alkyl
polyglucoside
can also impact performance, particularly end result for certain applications,
including
daily shower product technology. In the present invention, the preferred alkyl
polyglucosides are those which have been purified enough for use in personal
cleansing.
Most preferred are "cosmetic grade" alkyl polyglucosides, particularly C8 to
C~6 alkyl
polyglucosides, such as Plantaren 2000~, Plantaren 2000 N~, and Plantaren 2000
N
UP~, available from Henkel Corporation (Postfach 101100, D 40191 Dusseldorf,
Germany).
Amphoteric/Zwitterionic Surfactant:
Suitable amphoteric surfactants for use herein include amine oxides having the
following
formula R1R2R3N0 wherein each of R1, R2 and R3 is independently a saturated
substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched hydrocarbon chains of from 1
to 30
carbon atoms. Preferred amine oxide surfactants to be used according to the
present
invention are amine oxides having the following formula R1R2R3N0 wherein R1 is
an
hydrocarbon chain comprising from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from 6 to
20, more
preferably from 8 to 16, most preferably from 8 to 12, and wherein R2 and R3
are
19
CA 02387279 2002-04-11
WO 01/32826 PCT/US00/30229
independently substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched hydrocarbon
chains
comprising from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and
more
preferably are methyl groups. R1 may be a saturated substituted or
unsubstituted linear
or branched hydrocarbon chain.
Suitable amine oxides for use herein are for instance natural blend C8-C10
amine oxides
as well as C12-C16 amine oxides commercially available from Hoechst and
Clariant.
Suitable zwitterionic surfactants for use herein contain both cationic and
anionic
hydrophilic groups on the same molecule at a relatively wide range of pH's.
The typical
cationic group is a quaternary ammonium group, although other positively
charged
groups like phosphonium, imidazolium and sulfonium groups can be used. The
typical
anionic hydrophilic groups are carboxylates and sulfonates, although other
groups like
sulfates, phosphonates, and the like can be used. A generic formula for some
zwitterionic
surfactants to be used herein is
R1-N+~R2)~R3)R4X_
wherein Rl is a hydrophobic group; R2 and R3 are each CI-C4 alkyl, hydroxy
alkyl or
other substituted alkyl group which can also be joined to form ring structures
with the N;
R4 is a moiety joining the cationic nitrogen atom to the hydrophilic group and
is typically
an alkylene, hydroxy alkylene, or polyalkoxy group containing from I to 10
carbon
atoms; and X is the hydrophilic group which is preferably a carboxylate or
sulfonate
group. Preferred hydrophobic groups RI are alkyl groups containing from 1 to
24,
preferably less than 18, more preferably less than 16 carbon atoms. The
hydrophobic
group can contain unsaturation and/or substituents and/or linking groups such
as aryl
groups, amido groups, ester groups and the like. In general, the simple alkyl
groups are
preferred for cost and stability reasons.
Highly preferred zwitterionic surfactants include betaine and sulphobetaine
surfactants,
functionalized betaines such as acyl betaines, alkyl imidazoline alanine
betaines, glycine
betaines, derivatives thereof and mixtures thereof. Said betaine or
sulphobetaine
surfactants are preferred herein as they help disinfection by increasing the
permeability of
the bacterial cell wall, thus allowing other active ingredients to enter the
cell.
20
CA 02387279 2002-04-11
WO 01/32826 PCT/US00/30229
Furthermore, due to the mild action profile of said betaine or sulphobetaine
surfactants,
they are particularly suitable for the cleaning of delicate surfaces, e.g.,
delicate laundry or
surfaces in contact with food and/or babies. Betaine and sulphobetaine
surfactants are
also extremely mild to the skin and/or surfaces to be treated.
Suitable betaine and sulphobetaine surfactants for use herein are the
betaine/sulphobetaine and betaine-like detergents wherein the molecule
contains both
basic and acidic groups which form an inner salt giving the molecule both
cationic and
anionic hydrophilic groups over a broad range of pH values. Some common
examples of
these detergents are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,082,275, 2,702,279 and
2,255,082,
incorporated herein by reference. Preferred betaine and sulphobetaine
surfactants herein
are according to the formula
R2
R1 - N+ - (CH2)n - Y'
R3
wherein Rl is a hydrocarbon chain containing from 1 to 24 carbon atoms,
preferably from
8 to 18, more preferably from 12 to 14, wherein R2 and R3 are hydrocarbon
chains
containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, preferably 1 carbon atom, wherein n is an
integer
from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 6, more preferably is 1, Y is selected from
the group
consisting of carboxyl and sulfonyl radicals and wherein the sum of R1, R2 and
R3
hydrocarbon chains is from 14 to 24 carbon atoms, or mixtures thereof.
Examples of particularly suitable betaine surfactants include C 12-C 18 alkyl
dimethyl
betaine such as coconut-betaine and C 10-C 16 alkyl dimethyl betaine such as
laurylbetaine. Coconutbetaine is commercially available from Seppic under the
trade
name of Amonyl 265~. Laurylbetaine is commercially available from Albright &
Wilson
under the trade name Empigen BB/L~.
Other specific zwitterionic surfactants have the generic formulas:
21
CA 02387279 2002-04-11
WO 01/32826 PCT/L1S00/30229
R1-C(O)-N(R2)-(C(R3)2)n-N(R2)2(+)-(C(R3)2)n-S03(-)
or R1-C(O)-N(R2)-(C(R3)2)n-N(R2)2(+)-(C(R3)2)n-COO(-)
wherein each R1 is a hydrocarbon, e.g. an alkyl group containing from 8 up to
20,
preferably up to 18, more preferably up to 16 carbon atoms, each R2 is either
a hydrogen
(when attached to the amido nitrogen), short chain alkyl or substituted alkyl
containing
from one to 4 carbon atoms, preferably groups selected from the group
consisting of
methyl, ethyl, propyl, hydroxy substituted ethyl or propyl and mixtures
thereof,
preferably methyl, each R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen
and
hydroxy groups and each n is a number from 1 to 4, preferably from 2 to 3,
more
preferably 3, with no more than one hydroxy group in any (C(R3)2) moiety. The
R1
groups can be branched and/or unsaturated. The R2 groups can also be connected
to form
ring structures. A surfactant of this type is a C 10-C 14 fatty
acylamidopropylene(hydroxypropylene)sulfobetaine that is available from the
Sherex
Company under the trade name "Varion CAS sulfobetaine"~. Another surfactant of
the
preferred sulfobetaine type is C12-14 sulfobetaine commerically available from
Witco
tradename Rewoteric AMCAS.
In a preferred embodiment the surfactant system comprises an anionic
surfactant, a
nonionic surfactant and a zwitterionic and/or a amphoteric surfactant. In a
further
embodiment in which the pH of the composition is less that 7, the anionic
surfactant is
preferably short chain having from 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
In a further preferred embodiment, the molar ratio of anionic surfactant to
amphoteric
surfactant is from 0.5:1 to 4:1, more preferably from 2:1 to 3.5:1 and the
molar ratio of
nonionic surfactant to anionic, amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactant is from
0.5:1 to 2:1,
more preferably from 1:1 to 1.5:1.
Optional Ingredients
The compositions herein may further comprise a variety of other optional
ingredients
such as peroxygen bleach, essential oils, organic acids, additional
surfactants, chelants,
solvents, builders, stabilisers, bleach activators, soil suspenders, dye
transfer agents,
brighteners, perfumes, anti dusting agents, enzymes, dispersant, dye transfer
inhibitors,
pigments, perfumes, radical scavengers, pH buffers, dyes or mixtures thereof.
22
CA 02387279 2002-04-11
WO 01/32826 PCT/US00/30229
Peroxygen Bleach
The compositions according to the present invention may comprise a peroxygen
bleach as
an optional feature.
A preferred peroxygen bleach is hydrogen peroxide, or a water soluble source
thereof, or
mixtures thereof. As used herein a hydrogen peroxide source refers to any
compound
which produces hydrogen peroxide when said compound is in contact with water.
Suitable water-soluble sources of hydrogen peroxide for use herein include
percarbonates, persilicates, persulphates such as monopersulfate, perborates
and
peroxyacids such as diperoxydodecandioic acid (DPDA), magnesium perphthalic
acid
and mixtures thereof.
In addition, other classes of peroxides can be used as an alternative to
hydrogen peroxide
and sources thereof or in combination with hydrogen peroxide and sources
thereof.
Suitable classes include dialkylperoxides, diacylperoxides, preformed
percarboxylic
acids, organic and inorganic peroxides and/or hydroperoxides. The most
preferred
peroxygen bleach is hydrogen peroxide.
The presence of said peroxygen bleach especially hydrogen peroxide, persulfate
and the
like, in the compositions according to the present invention can contribute to
disinfection
properties of said compositions. Indeed, said peroxygen bleach may attack the
vital
function of the micro-organism cells, for example, it may inhibit the
assembling of
ribosomes units within the cytoplasm of the microorganisms cells. Also said
peroxygen
bleach like hydrogen peroxide, is an oxidiser that generates hydroxyl free
radicals which
attack proteins and nucleic acids. Furthermore, the presence of said peroxygen
bleach,
especially hydrogen peroxide, provides strong stain removal benefits which are
particularly noticeable for example in laundry and hard surfaces applications.
Typically, peroxygen bleach or a mixture thereof is present in the
compositions according
to the present invention at a level of at least 0.01 % by weight of the total
composition,
preferably from 0.1 % to 15%, and more preferably from I % to I 0%.
Essential Oils
Another preferred component of the compositions of the present invention is an
antimicrobial essential oil or an active thereof, or a mixture thereof.
23
CA 02387279 2002-04-11
WO 01/32826 PCT/US00/30229
Suitable antimicrobial essential oils to be used herein are those essential
oils which exhibit
antimicrobial activity. By "actives of essential oils", it is meant herein any
ingredient of
essential oils or natural extracts that exhibit antimicrobial activity. It is
speculated that said
antimicrobial essential oils and actives thereof act as proteins denaturing
agents. Also said
antimicrobial oils and actives thereof are compounds which contribute to the
safety profile
of a composition comprising them when it is used to disinfect any surface. A
further
advantage of said antimicrobial oils and actives thereof is that they impart
pleasant odor to
a composition comprising them without the need of adding a perfume.
Such antimicrobial essential oils include, but are not limited to, those
obtained from thyme,
lemongrass, citrus, lemons, oranges, anise, clove, aniseed, pine, cinnamon,
geranium,
roses, mint, lavender, citronella, eucalyptus, peppermint, camphor, ajowan,
sandalwood,
rosmarin, vervain, fleagrass, lemongrass, ratanhiae, cedar, origanum,
cypressus, propolis
extracts and mixtures thereof. Preferred antimicrobial essential oils to be
used herein are
thyme oil, clove oil, cinnamon oil, geranium oil, eucalyptus oil, peppermint
oil, citronella
oil, ajowan oil, mint oil, origanum oil, propolis, cypressus oil cedar ,
garlic extract or
mixtures thereof.
Actives of essential oils to be used herein include, but are not limited to,
thymol (present
for example in thyme, ajowan), eugenol (present for example in cinnamon and
clove),
menthol (present for example in mint), geraniol (present for example in
geranium and rose,
citronella), verbenone (present for example in vervain), eucalyptol and
pinocarvone
(present in eucalyptus), cedrol (present for example in cedar), anethol
(present for example
in anise), carvacrol, hinokitiol, berberine, ferulic acid, cinnamic acid,
methyl salicylic acid,
methyl salycilate, terpineol, limonene and mixtures thereof. Preferred actives
of essential
oils to be used herein are thymol, eugenol, verbenone, eucalyptol, terpineol,
cinnamic acid,
methyl salicylic acid, limonene, geraniol, ajolene or mixtures thereof.
Thymol may be commercially available for example from Aldrich, eugenol may be
commercially available for example from Sigma, Systems - Bioindustries (SBI) -
Manheimer Inc.
Typically, the antimicrobial essential oil or active thereof or mixture
thereof is present in
the composition at a level of at least 0.001 % by weight of the total
composition, preferably
24
WO 01/32826 CA 02387279 2002-04-11 pCT/US00/30229
from 0.006% to 10%, more preferably from 0.01% to 8% and most preferably of
from
0.03% to 3%.
It has now been found that combining said antimicrobial essential oil or an
active thereof
or a mixture thereof with a peroxygen bleach, in a composition, delivers not
only
excellent immediate disinfecting properties to the surfaces treated with said
composition,
but also long lasting disinfecting properties. Indeed, it is speculated that
peroxygen bleach
and said essential oils/actives adsorb on a surface having been treated with
said
composition and thus reduce or even prevent the contamination of
microorganisms over
time, typically up to 48 hours after the surface has been treated with said
composition,
thereby delivering long lasting disinfection. In other words, it is speculated
that a
microfilm of said active ingredients is deposited on the surface treated with
said
compositions allowing protection against microorganisms recontamination
overtime.
Advantageously, this long lasting disinfection benefits is obtained with the
compositions
of the present invention comprising peroxygen bleach and antimicrobial
essential
oils/actives even when used under highly diluted conditions, i.e., up to
dilution levels of
from 1:100 (composition:water).
Excellent long lasting disinfection is obtained by treating a surface with a
composition
comprising a peroxygen bleach and an antimicrobial essential oil or active
thereof as
described herein, on a variety of microorganisms, e.g., the growth of Gram
positive
bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative bacteria like
Pseudomonas
aeroginosa as well as of fungi like Candida albicans is reduced or even
prevented on a
surface having been treated with said composition.
Long lasting disinfection properties of the compositions herein may be
measured by the
bactericidal activity of said compositions. A test method suitable to evaluate
the long
lasting bactericidal activity of a composition may be as follow: First, the
surfaces (e.g.
glass) to be tested are respectively treated with either a composition
according to the
present invention or a reference composition, e.g., a negative control
composed of pure
water (for example by spraying the composition directly on the surface or
first spraying
the composition on a sponge used to clean the surface or when the composition
herein is
executed in the form of wipe by wiping the surface therewith). After a
variable time
frame (e.g. 24 hours) each surface is respectively inoculated with bacteria (
106-
~cfu/slide) cultured in for example TSB (Tryptone Soya Broth) and left
typically from a
few seconds to 2 hours before evaluating the remaining living bacteria. Then
living
WO 01/32826 CA 02387279 2002-04-11 pCT~S00/30229
bacteria (if any) are recovered from the surface (by touching TSA +
neutraliser plates and
by re-suspending the bacteria into the neutralisation broth and plating them
on agar) and
incubated at appropriate temperature, e.g. 37°C to let them grow
typically over night.
Finally, a visual grading of the living bacteria is made by comparing side by
side the
cultures and/or dilutions thereof (e.g. 10'2 or 10-1) resulting from the
surfaces treated
with the compositions according to the present invention and the reference
composition.
In a particular embodiment of the present invention, depending on the end use
desired with
said compositions they may further comprise, as optional ingredients, other
antimicrobial
compounds that further contribute to the antimicrobial/antibacterial activity
of the
compositions according to the present invention. Such antimicrobial
ingredients include
parabens like ethyl paraben, propyl paraben, methyl paraben, glutaraldehyde or
mixtures
thereof.
Additional Surfactants
The compositions of the present invention may comprise an additional
surfactant. The
additional surfactant may be selected from other nonionic, amphoteric,
zwitterionic,
cationic or anionic surfactants including but not limited to those described
above.
Alternatively the additional surfactant may include for example a C6-C20
conventional
soaps (alkali metal salt of a C6-C20 fatty acid, preferably sodium salts).
Chelatin~ A~,ent
The compositions herein may further comprise a chelating agent as a preferred
optional
ingredient. Suitable chelating agents may be any of those known to those
skilled in the
art such as the ones selected from the group comprising phosphonate chelating
agents,
aminophosphonate chelating agents, substituted heteroaromatic chelating
agents, amino
carboxylate chelating agents, other carboxylate chelating agents,
polyfunctionally-
substituted aromatic chelating agents, biodegradable chelating agents like
ethylene
diamine N,N'- disuccinic acid, or mixtures thereof.
Suitable phosphonate chelating agents to be used herein include etidronic acid
(1-
hydroxyethylene-diphosphonic acid (HEDP)), and/or alkali metal ethane 1-
hydroxydiphosphonates.
Suitable amino phosphonate chelating agents to be used herein include amino
alkylene
poly (alkylene phosphonates), nitrilotris(methylene)triphosphonates, ethylene
diamine
26
CA 02387279 2002-04-11
WO 01/32826 PCT/US00/30229
tetra methylene phosphonates, and/or diethylene triamine penta methylene
phosphonates.
Preferred aminophosphonate chelating agents to be used herein are diethylene
triamine
penta methylene phosphonates.
These phosphonate/amino phosphonate chelating agents may be present either in
their
acid form or as salts of different cations on some or all of their acid
functionalities. Such
phosphonate/amino phosphonate chelating agents are commercially available from
Monsanto under the trade name DEQUEST~.
Substituted heteroaromatic chelating agents to be used herein include
hydroxypiridine-N-
oxide or a derivative thereof.
Suitable hydroxy pyridine N-oxides and derivatives thereof to be used
according to the
present invention are according to the following formula:
OH
Y
wherein X is nitrogen, Y is one of the following groups oxygen, -CHO, -OH, -
(CH2)n
COOH, wherein n is an integer of from 0 to 20, preferably of from 0 to 10 and
more
preferably is 0, and wherein Y is preferably oxygen. Accordingly particularly
preferred
hydroxy pyridine N-oxides and derivatives thereof to be used herein is 2-
hydroxy
pyridine N-oxide. Hydroxy pyridine N-oxides and derivatives thereof may be
commercially available from Sigma.
Polyfunctionally-substituted aromatic chelating agents may also be useful in
the
compositions herein. See U.S. patent 3,812,044, issued May 21, 1974, to Connor
et al.
Preferred compounds of this type in acid form are dihydroxydisulfobenzenes
such as 1,2
dihydroxy -3,5-disulfobenzene.
A preferred biodegradable chelating agent for use herein is ethylene diamine
N,N'-
disuccinic acid, or alkali metal, or alkaline earth, ammonium or substitutes
ammonium salts
thereof or mixtures thereof. Ethylenediamine N,N'- disuccinic acids,
especially the (S,S)
isomer have been extensively described in US patent 4, 704, 233, November 3,
1987 to
Hartman and Perkins. Ethylenediamine N,N'- disuccinic acid is, for instance,
commercially available under the tradename ssEDDS~ from Palmer Research
27
CA 02387279 2002-04-11
WO 01/32826 PCT/US00/30229
Laboratories. Ethylene diamine N,N'- disuccinic acid is particularly suitable
to be used in
the compositions of the present invention.
Suitable amino carboxylate chelating agents useful herein include ethylene
diamine tetra
acetates, diethylene triamine pentaacetates, diethylene triamine pentoacetate
(DTPA), N-
hydroxyethylethylenediamine triacetates, nitrilotri-acetates, ethylenediamine
tetraproprionates, triethylenetetraaminehexa-acetates, ethanoldiglycines,
propylene
diamine tetracetic acid (PDTA) and methyl glycine di-acetic acid (MGDA), both
in their
acid form, or in their alkali metal, ammonium, and substituted ammonium salt
forms.
Particularly suitable to be used herein are diethylene triamine penta acetic
acid (DTPA),
propylene diamine tetracetic acid (PDTA) which is, for instance, commercially
available
from BASF under the trade name Trilon FS~ and methyl glycine di-acetic acid
(MGDA).
Further carboxylate chelating agents to be used herein includes malonic acid,
salicylic acid,
glycine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, or mixtures thereof.
Typically, the compositions according to the present invention comprise up to
5% by
weight of the total composition of a chelating agent, or mixtures thereof,
preferably from
0.01% to 3% by weight and more preferably from 0.01% to 1.5%.
Radical Scavenger
The compositions herein may comprise a radical scavenger as another optional
ingredient.
Suitable radical scavengers for use herein include the well-known substituted
mono and di
hydroxy benzenes and derivatives thereof, alkyl- and aryl carboxylates and
mixtures
thereof. Preferred radical scavengers for use herein include di-tert-butyl
hydroxy toluene
(BHT), p-hydroxy-toluene, hydroquinone (HQ), di-tert-butyl hydroquinone
(DTBHQ),
mono-tert-butyl hydroquinone (MTBHQ), tert-butyl-hydroxy anysole (BHA), p-
hydroxy-
anysol, benzoic acid, 2,5-dihydroxy benzoic acid, 2,5-dihydroxyterephtalic
acid, toluic
acid, catechol, t-butyl catechol, 4-allyl-catechol, 4-acetyl catechol, 2-
methoxy-phenol, 2-
ethoxy-phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)phenol, 3,4-dihydroxy benzaldehyde, 2,3-
dihydroxy benzaldehyde, benzylamine, 1,1,3-tris(2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-t-
butylphenyl)
butane, tert-butyl-hydroxy-anyline, p-hydroxy anyline as well as n-propyl-
gallate. Highly
preferred for use herein are di-tert-butyl hydroxy toluene, which is for
example
commercially available from SHELL under the trade name IONOL CP~ and/or tert-
butyl
hydroxy anysole. These radical scavengers further contribute to the stability
of the
peroxygen bleach-containing compositions herein.
28
CA 02387279 2002-04-11
WO 01/32826 PCT/US00/30229
Typically, the compositions according to the present invention comprise up to
5% by
weight of the total composition of a radical scavenger, or mixtures thereof,
preferably from
0.002% to 1.5% by weight and more preferably from 0.002% to 1%.
Solvent
The compositions herein may comprise as a particularly preferred, but optional
ingredient
a solvent or mixtures thereof. When used, solvents will, advantageously, give
an
enhanced cleaning to the compositions herein. It has been found that in a
composition
where solvents are present, the contact time required to achieve defined
cleaning result is
reduced versus a composition where solvent is not present. Contact time is
defined as the
time of contact 'uetween the composition and a soil. The reduction in contact
time is
specifically relevant to the cleaning of hard surfaces, especially non-
horizontal surfaces,
since it is not convenient to always apply the composition to a soil, allow to
sit for a
period of time and then rinse.
Suitable solvents for incorporation in the compositions according to the
present invention
include propylene glycol derivatives such as n-butoxypropanol or n-
butoxypropoxypropanol, water-soluble CARBITOL~ solvents or water-soluble
CELLOSOLVE~ solvents. Water-soluble CARBITOL~ solvents are compounds of the
2-(2-alkoxyethoxy)ethanol class wherein the alkoxy group is derived from
ethyl, propyl
or butyl. A preferred water-soluble carbitol is 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol also
known as
butyl carbitol. Water-soluble CELLOSOLVE~ solvents are compounds of the 2-
alkoxyethoxyethanol class, with 2-butoxyethoxyethanol being preferred. Other
suitable
solvents are benzyl alcohol, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and diols
such as 2-
ethyl-1,3-hexanediol and 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol and mixture thereof.
Preferred
solvents for use herein are n-butoxypropoxypropanol, butyl carbitol~, benzyl
alcohol,
isopropanol, 1-propanol and mixtures thereof. Most preferred solvents for use
herein are
butyl carbitol~, benzyl alcohol, 1-propanol and/or isopropanol.
The solvents may typically be present within the compositions according to the
invention
at a level up to 15% by weight, preferably from 0.5% to 7% by weight of the
composition.
pH buffer
In the embodiment of the present invention wherein the compositions are
formulated in
the alkaline pH range, typically from 7.5 to 12, the compositions according to
the present
29
CA 02387279 2002-04-11
WO 01/32826 PCT/US00/30229
invention may further comprise a pH buffer or a mixture thereof, i.e. a system
composed
of a compound or a combination of compounds, whose pH changes only slightly
when a
strong acid or base is added.
Suitable pH buffers for use herein include borate pH buffer, phosphonate,
silicate and
mixtures thereof. Suitable borate pH buffers for use herein include alkali
metal salts of
borates and alkyl borates and mixtures thereof. Suitable borate pH buffers to
be used
herein are alkali metal salts of borate, metaborate, tetraborate, octoborate,
pentaborate,
dodecaboron, borontrifluoride and/or alkyl borate containing from 1 to 12
carbon atoms,
and preferably from 1 to 4. Suitable alkyl borate includes methyl borate,
ethyl borate and
propyl borate. Particularly preferred herein are the alkali metal salts of
metaborate (e.g.
sodium metaborate), tetraborate (e.g., sodium tetraborate decahydrate) or
mixtures
thereof.
Boron salts like sodium metaborate and sodium tetraborate are commercially
available
from Borax and Societa Chimica Larderello under the trade name sodium
metaborate~
and Borax.
Further suitable pH buffers for use herein include carbonates and bicarbonates
including
alkali metal salts of carbonates and bicarbonates.
The pH of the composition can also be adjusted to an acidic pH and/or buffered
at that pH
using any suitable acidifying agent, for example organic acids.
Typically, the compositions according to the present invention may comprise up
to 15%
by weight of the total composition of a pH buffer, or mixtures thereof,
preferably from
0.01 % to 10%, more preferably from 0.01 % to 5% and most preferably from 0.1
% to 3%.
Packaai~~form of the wet wipes
In a preferred embodiment according to the present invention, the wet wipes
are
packaged in the container in any convenient configuration which allows easy
removal of
a single or multiple wet wipe from the container. Preferably the wipes are
packaged in
rolls, stacks or piles. More preferably the wipes are provided in a stacked
configuration
which may comprise any number of wipes. Typically, the stack comprises from 2
to 150,
more preferably from 5 to 100, most preferably from 10 to 60 wipes. Moreover
the wipes
CA 02387279 2002-04-11
WO 01/32826 PCT/US00/30229
may be provided folded or unfolded. Most preferably, the wipes are stacked in
a folded
configuration.
Process of treating a surface
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention encompasses a process of
cleaning
and/or disinfecting a surface, preferably a hard surface, comprising the step
of contacting,
preferably wiping, said surface with a substrate which incorporates a
composition as
described herein.
In a preferred embodiment of the present application, said process comprises
the steps of
contacting parts of said surface, more preferably soiled parts of said
surface, with said
substrate which incorporates a composition as described herein.
In another preferred embodiment said process, after contacting said surface
with said
substrate which incorporates a composition as described herein, further
comprises the
step of imparting mechanical action to said surface using said substrate which
incorporates a composition as described herein. By "mechanical action" it is
meant
herein, agitation of the wet wipe on the surface, as for example rubbing the
surface using
the wet wipe.
By "surface", it is meant herein any surface including animate surface like
human skin,
mouth, teeth, and inanimate surfaces. Inanimate surfaces include, but are not
limited to,
hard-surfaces typically found in houses like kitchens, bathrooms, or in car
interiors, e.g.,
tiles, walls, floors, chrome, glass, smooth vinyl, any plastic, plastified
wood, table top,
sinks, cooker tops, dishes, sanitary fittings such as sinks, showers, shower
curtains, wash
basins, WCs and the like, as well as fabrics including clothes, curtains,
drapes, bed linens,
bath linens, table cloths, sleeping bags, tents, upholstered furniture and the
like, and
carpets. Inanimate surfaces also include household appliances including, but
not limited
to, refrigerators, freezers, washing machines, automatic dryers, ovens,
microwave ovens,
dishwashers and so on.
31
CA 02387279 2002-04-11
WO 01/32826 PCT/LTS00/30229
Examples
The compositions of the present invention will be further illustrated by the
following
examples.
In redients A B C D E F
(% w/w).
(%_w/w)............~~~....~'~'./w)..............~%.w/w).............~%...~.'./w
).............~%...~'.~.'./w)......
~.~
.'.......,.'.
Water to to balanceto to balanceto to balance
balance balance balance
Th mol 0.025 --- --- --- --- ---
............Y..................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
..........................................................
..
Geraniol 0.0375 --- 0.3 --- --- ---
.
Perfume 0.0375 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.15
.......................
Ethanol 9.4 9.4 5 9.4 8 8
..
Silicone --- 0.003 - 0.003 0.003 0.003
Dow
AF
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
..................
.
C,z_,4 amine--- 0.2 0.2 - 0.1 ---
oxide .. ...................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
.................................................
...... .
.............
...
C'0 ___ _ _ 0.2 ___ 0.02
amine
oxide .........................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
.................................................
.
C9_,o EO 1.0 0.2 - 0.8 0.1 ---
....................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
........... 0.1
C9_" EO5
......................................
.....
Clz_,4 Betaine0.25 --- - - ---
sodium salt ...........................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
.................................................
.'
.'.
....
Hexyl 0.75 0.1 0.1 0.15 0.05 0.05
Ethyl
2
Sul hate .
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
............................................................................
...............................................
Citric acid 1.5 0.75 1.5 1.0 --- ---
Lactic acid ___ ....................-._'..-
....................................-...-
..'....................................r_-
................................~.44................................'.--
.................
........
Na2C03 --- 0.1 - - 0.06 ---
NaOH --- 0.45 - - 0.2 ---
pH "as made 2.4 9.5 2.8 2.8 9.5 7.1
lotion"
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
....................
".
.'~.'..'...
squeezed 2.7 NA 3.2 3.2 NA NA
pH
out
32
CA 02387279 2002-04-11
WO 01/32826 PCT/US00/30229
1n annthPr
A B C D E F G H
Alkoxylated nonionic
surfactants
C 9-11 E05 0.10 - 0.05 - - - - -
C 12,14 E05 - - - - - - - -
C 11 E05 - 0.10 - 0.03 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.05
C 12,14E021 0.10 - 0.05 2.0 - - - -
C 11 E021 - 0.10 - 0.03 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.05
Anionic surfactants
NaPS 0.10 0.10 0.15 0.02 0.10 0.05 - 0.05
NaLAS - - - - - - - -
NaCS - - - - - - - -
Isalchem~ AS - 0.05 - - - 0.07 0.10 -
C 12,14AmineOxide
C12-l4Betaine 0.13 0.15 0.20 0.04 - 0.08 0.15 -
- - - - 0.15 0.08 - 0.08
Buffer
Na2C03 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.05 - 0.20 0.20 -
Citric 0.70 0.65 0.70 0.20 0.5 0.70 0.75 0.20
Caustic 0.50 0.45 0.48 0.15 0.10 0.5 0.5 0.05
Suds control
Fatty Acid - - - - 0.05 - - -
Branched fatty
alcohol
Isofo112~ 0.10 - 0.10 0.10 - 0.05 0.05
Isofoll6~ - 0.10 - 0.05 - 0.05 - -
Silicone Dow AF 0.00 0.00 0.003 - 0.003 0.005 0.003-
5 5
33
CA 02387279 2002-04-11
WO 01/32826 PCT/US00/30229
Solvents
EtOH 9.0 6.0 3.0 4.0 9.0 12 9.0 4.0
n-BP 2.0 1.0 2.0 4.0 2.0 0.55 2.0 4.0
BDGE - 1.0 1.0 - - 0.55 - -
IPA - 3.0 - 4.0 - - - 4.0
n-BPP _ _ - _ _ _ 2.0
Minors and water ------------a to 100% ------
~H 9.5 9.5 9.0 9.0 3.5 9.0 9.0 3.5
34
