Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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PERSONAL CARE ARTICLES COMPRISING
CATIONIC POLYMER COACERVATE COMPOSIT10NS
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to disposable, personal care articles suitable
for cleansing and/or
therapeutically treating the skin, hair and any other sites in need of such
treatment. These articles each
comprise a water insoluble substrate comprising a nonwoven layer; and a
therapeutic benefit component,
disposed adjacent to said water insoluble substrate, wherein said component
comprises from about 10% to
about 1000%, by weight of the water insoluble substrate, of a therapeutic
benefit composition comprising a
safe and effective amount of a cationic polymer and a safe and effective
amount of an anionic surfactant
wherein said composition forms a coacervate when said article is exposed to
water.
Consumers use the articles by wetting them with water and rubbing them on the
area to be
cleansed and/or therapeutically treated (e.g. conditioned).
The invention also encompasses methods for cleansing and/or conditioning the
skin and hair using
the articles of the present invention.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Personal care products, particularly cleansing and conditioning products, have
traditionally been
marketed in a variety of forms such as bar soaps, creams, lotions, and gels.
Typically, these products have
attempted to satisfy a number of criteria to be acceptable to consumers. These
criteria include cleansing
effectiveness, skin feel, mildness to skin, hair, and ocular mucosae, and
lather volume. Ideal personal
cleansers should gently cleanse the skin or hair, cause little or no
irritation, and should not leave the skin or
hair with a heavy buildup or overly dry when used frequently.
It is also highly desirable to deliver such cleansing and conditioning
benefits from a disposable
product. Disposable products are convenient because they obviate the need to
carry or store cumbersome
bottles, bars, jars, tubes, and other forms of clutter including cleansing
products and other products capable
of providing therapeutic or aesthetic benefits. Disposable products are also a
more sanitary alternative to
the use of a sponge, washcloth, or other cleansing implement intended for
extensive reuse, because such
implements can develop bacterial growth, unpleasant odors, and other
undesirable characteristics related to
repeated use.
The articles of the present invention surprisingly provide effective cleansing
and/or therapeutic
benefits to the skin and hair in a convenient, inexpensive, and sanitary
manner. The present invention
provides the convenience of not needing to carry, store, or use a separate
implement (such as a washcloth
or sponge), a cleanser and/or a therapeutic benefit product. These articles
are convenient to use because
they are in the form of either a single, disposable personal care article or
multiple disposable articles useful
for cleansing as well as application of a therapeutic or aesthetic benefit
agent. Moreover, these articles are
suitable for use within or in conjunction with another personal care implement
that is designed for more
extensive use. In this instance, the articles of the present invention are
disposed within or attached to a
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separate personal care implement that is not readily disposable, e.g., a bath
towel or washcloth. In addition,
the disposable articles of the present invention may be removeably attached to
a handle or grip suitable for
moving the article over the surface to be cleansed and/or therapeutically
treated (e.g., conditioned).
Although in preferred embodiments the articles of the present invention are
suitable for personal
care applications, they may also be useful in a variety of other industries
such as the automotive care,
marine vehicle care, household care, animal care, etc. where surfaces or areas
are in need of cleansing
and/or application of a benefit agent, e.g., wax, conditioner, UV protectant,
etc..
In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the articles are suitable
for personal care
applications and are useful for cleansing and/or conditioning the skin, hair,
and similar keratinous surfaces
in need of such treatment. Consumers use these articles by wetting them with
water and rubbing them on
the area to be treated. The article consists of a water insoluble substrate
and a therapeutic benefit
component. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that the nonwoven
layer of the substrate,
particularly, enhances cleansing and exfoliation, and optimizes delivery and
deposition of a therapeutic or
aesthetic benefit agent that might be contained within the article.
1 S SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a substantially dry, disposable personal care
article comprising:
a) a water insoluble substrate comprising a nonwoven layer; and
b) a therapeutic benefit component, disposed adjacent to said water insoluble
substrate, wherein said
component comprises from about 10% to about 1000%, by weight of the water
insoluble substrate,
of a therapeutic benefit composition comprising:
1 ) a safe and effective amount of a cationic polymer;
2) a safe and effective amount of an anionic surfactant;
wherein said composition forms a coacervate when said article is exposed to
water.
The present invention also relates to a method of cleansing and/or
conditioning the skin and hair
which comprises the steps of: a) wetting such articles with water and b)
contacting the skin or hair with the
wetted articles.
All percentages and ratios used herein, unless otherwise indicated, are by
weight and all
measurements made are at 25°C, unless otherwise designated. The
invention hereof can comprise, consist
of, or consist essentially of, the essential as well as optional ingredients
and components described therein.
In the description of the invention various embodiments and/or individual
features are disclosed.
As will be apparent for the skilled practitioner all combinations of such
embodiments and features are
possible and can result in preferred executions of the invention.
All documents referred to herein, including patents, patent applications, and
printed publications,
are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety in this disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
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As used herein, "disposable" is used in its ordinary sense to mean an article
that is disposed or
discarded after a limited number of usage events, preferably less than 25,
more preferably less than about
10, and most preferably less than about 2 entire usage events.
As used herein, "substantially dry" means that the articles of the present
invention exhibit a
Moisture Retention of less than about 0.95 gms, preferably less than about
0.75 gms, even more preferably,
less than about 0.5 gms, even more preferably less than about 0.25 gms, even
still more preferably less than
about 0.15 gms, and most preferably, less than about 0.1 gms. The
determination of the Moisture Retention
is discussed later.
The personal care articles of the present invention comprise the following
essential components.
WATER INSOLUBLE SUBSTRATE
The articles of the present invention comprise a water insoluble substrate
comprising at least one
nonwoven layer or ply. Preferably, this nonwoven layer is non-scouring. As
used herein, "non-scouring"
means that the layer exhibits an Abrasive Value of greater than about 15,
preferably greater than about 30,
more preferably greater than about 50, even more preferably greater than about
70, and most preferably
greater than about 80 as determined by the Abrasiveness Value Methodology
described below. Preferably,
the substrate layers are soft yet invigorating to the skin of the consumer
when used.
Without being limited by theory, the water insoluble substrate enhances
cleansing and/or
therapeutic treatment. The substrate can have the same or differing textures
on each side such that the
gripping side of the article is the same or a different texture as the
skin/site contact side. The substrate may
act as an efficient lathering and exfoliating implement. By physically coming
into contact with the skin or
hair, the substrate significantly aids in cleansing and removal of dirt,
makeup, dead skin, and other debris.
In preferred embodiments, however, the substrate is non-scouring or
nonabrasive to the skin.
Materials suitable for the nonwoven layer are selected from the group
consisting of cellulosic
nonwovens, sponges (i.e., both natural and synthetic), formed films, battings,
and combinations thereof.
Preferably, the layer comprises materials selected from the group consisting
of cellulosic nonwovens,
formed films, lofty battings, foams, sponges, reticulated foams, vacuum-formed
laminates, scrims,
polymeric nets, and combinations thereof. More preferably, the nonwoven layer
comprises materials
selected from the group consisting of cellulosic nonwovens, non-lofty
nonwovens, formed films, lofty
battings, and combinations thereof. As used herein, "nonwoven" means that the
layer does not comprise
fibers which are woven into a fabric but the layer need not comprise fibers at
all, e.g., formed films,
sponges, foams, scrims, etc.. When the layer comprises fiber, the fibers can
either be random (i.e.,
randomly aligned) or they can be carded (i.e., combed to be oriented in
primarily one direction).
Furthermore, the layer can be a composite material composed of a combination
of additional layers, i.e.,
plies, of random and carded fibers.
In one embodiment, the nonwoven layer of the substrate comprises batting.
Preferably, the
nonwoven layer is lofty, non-scouring, and is of low-density. As used herein,
"lofty" means that the layer
has density of from about 0.00005 g/cm3 to about 0.1 g/cm', preferably from
about 0.001 g/cm3 to about
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0.09 g/cm3 and a thickness of from about 0.04 inches to about 2 inches at 5
gms/in2. The nonwoven
layer which comprises batting preferably comprises synthetic materials. As
used herein, "synthetic" means
that the materials are obtained primarily from various man-made materials or
from natural materials which
have been further altered. Suitable synthetic materials include, but are not
limited to, acetate fibers, acrylic
fibers, cellulose ester fibers, modacrylic fibers, polyamide fibers, polyester
fibers, polyolefin fibers,
polyvinyl alcohol fibers, rayon fibers, polyethylene foam, polyurethane foam,
and combinations thereof.
Preferred synthetic materials, particularly fibers, may be selected from the
group consisting of nylon fibers,
rayon fibers, polyolefin fibers, polyester fibers, and combinations thereof.
Preferred polyolefin fibers are
fibers selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene,
polybutylene, polypentene, and
combinations and copolymers thereof. More preferred polyolefin fibers are
fibers selected from the group
consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, and combinations and copolymers
thereof. Preferred polyester
fibers are fibers selected from the group consisting of polyethylene
terephthalate, polybutylene
terephthalate, polycyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate, and combinations
and copolymers thereof.
More preferred polyester fibers are fibers selected from the group consisting
of polyethylene terephthalate,
polybutylene terephthalate, and combinations and copolymers thereof. Most
preferred synthetic fibers
comprise solid staple polyester fibers which comprise polyethylene
terephthalate homopolymers.
Suitable synthetic materials may include solid single component (i.e.,
chemically homogeneous) fibers,
multiconstituent fibers (i.e., more than one type of material making up each
fiber), and multicomponent
fibers (i.e., synthetic fibers which comprise two or more distinct filament
types which are somehow
intertwined to produce a larger fiber), and combinations thereof. Preferred
fibers include bicomponent
fibers, multiconstituent fibers, and combinations thereof. Such bicomponent
fibers may have a core-sheath
configuration or a side-by-side configuration. In either instance, the
nonwoven layer may comprise either a
combination of fibers comprising the above-listed materials or fibers which
themselves comprise a
combination of the above-listed materials.
For the core-sheath fibers, preferably, the cores comprise materials selected
from the group
consisting of polyesters, polyolefins having a Tg of at least about
10°C higher than the sheath material, and
combinations thereof. Conversely, the sheaths of the bicomponent fibers
preferably comprise materials
selected from the group consisting of polyolefins having a Tg of at least
about 10°C lower than the core
material, polyesters polyolefins having a Tg of at least about 10°C
lower than the core material, and
combinations thereof.
In any instance, side-by side configuration, core-sheath configuration, or
solid single component
configuration, the fibers of the nonwoven layer may exhibit a helical or
spiral or crimped configuration,
particularly the bicomponent type fibers.
The batting nonwoven layer may also comprise natural fibers.
Furthermore, the fibers of the batting nonwoven layer preferably have an
average thickness of
from about 0.5 microns to about 150 microns. More preferably, the average
thickness of the fibers are from
about 5 microns to about 75 microns. In an even more preferred embodiment, the
average thickness of the
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fibers are from about 8 microns to about 40 microns. Furthermore, the fibers
of the nonwoven layer may
be of varying sizes, i.e., the fibers of the nonwoven layer may comprise
fibers having different average
thicknesses. Also, the cross section of the fibers can be round, flat, oval,
elliptical or otherwise shaped.
In another embodiment, the nonwoven layer of the present invention may
comprise a composite
material, i.e., a material having one or more plies of the same or different
suitable materials merely
superimposed physically, joined together continuously (e.g., laminated, etc.)
or in a discontinuous pattern,
or by bonding at the external edges (or periphery) of the layer and/or at
discrete loci. For instance, the
nonwoven layer may further comprise composite materials selected from the
group consisting of fibrous
nonwovens, sponges, foams, reticulated foams, polymeric nets, scrims, vacuum-
formed laminates, formed
films and formed film composite materials. It is preferred that the nonwoven
layer comprise a formed film
composite material comprising at least one formed film and at least one
nonwoven wherein the layer is
vacuum formed. A suitable formed film composite material includes, but is not
limited to, a vacuum
laminated composite formed film material formed by combining a carded
polypropylene nonwoven having
a basis weight of 30 gsm with a formed film.
In another embodiment, the nonwoven layer is apertured. The apertures in the
nonwoven layer of
the water insoluble substrate will generally range in average diameter between
about 0.5 mm and 5 mm.
More preferably, the apertures will range in size between about 1 mm to 4 mm
in average diameter.
Preferably, no more than about 10% of the apertures in the nonwoven layer of
the substrate will fall outside
these size ranges. More preferably, no more than about 5% of the apertures in
the nonwoven layer will fall
outside these size ranges. For apertures which are not circular in shape, the
"diameter" of the aperture
refers to the diameter of a circular opening having the same surface area as
the opening of the non-circular
shaped aperture.
Within the nonwoven layer, the apertures will generally occur at a frequency
of from about 0.5 to
12 apertures per straight linear centimeter. More preferably, the apertures in
the surface of the layer will
occur at a frequency of from about 1.5 to 6 apertures per straight linear
centimeter.
The apertures must at least be placed within the nonwoven layer. Such
apertures need not
protrude completely through one surface of the nonwoven layer to the other.
They, however, may do so.
Additionally, apertures may or may not be placed in the nonwoven layer of the
substrate such that the entire
article is apertured through it's entire volume.
Apertures may be formed in the nonwoven layer of the water insoluble substrate
as such a
substrate, or layer thereof, is being formed or fabricated. Alternatively,
apertures may be formed in the
nonwoven layer after the substrate comprising the layer has been completely
formed.
The nonwoven layer may comprise a variety of both natural and synthetic fibers
or materials. As
used herein, "natural" means that the materials are derived from plants,
animals, insects or byproducts of
plants, animals, and insects. The conventional base starting material is
usually a fibrous web comprising
any of the common synthetic or natural textile-length fibers, or combinations
thereof.
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Nonlimiting examples of natural materials useful in the present invention
include, but are not
limited to, silk fibers, keratin fibers and cellulosic fibers. Nonlimiting
examples of keratin fibers include
those selected from the group consisting of wool fibers, camel hair fibers,
and the like. Nonlimiting
examples of cellulosic fibers include those selected from the group consisting
of wood pulp fibers, cotton
fibers, hemp fibers, jute fibers, flax fibers, and combinations thereof.
Cellulosic fiber materials are
preferred in the present invention.
Nonlimiting examples of synthetic materials useful in the present invention
include those selected
from the group consisting of acetate fibers, acrylic fibers, cellulose ester
fibers, modacrylic fibers,
polyamide fibers, polyester fibers, polyolefin fibers, polyvinyl alcohol
fibers, rayon fibers, polyethylene
foam, polyurethane foam, and combinations thereof. Examples of suitable
synthetic materials include
acrylics such as acrilan, creslan, and the acrylonitrile-based fiber, orlon;
cellulose ester fibers such as
cellulose acetate, arnel, and acele; polyamides such as nylons (e.g., nylon 6,
nylon 66, nylon 610, and the
like); polyesters such as fortrel, kodel, and the polyethylene terephthalate
fiber, polybutylene terephalate
fiber, dacron; polyolefins such as polypropylene, polyethylene; polyvinyl
acetate fibers; polyurethane
foams and combinations thereof. These and other suitable fibers and the
nonwovens prepared therefrom
are generally described in Riedel, "Nonwoven Bonding Methods and Materials,"
Nonwoven World (1987);
The Enc~lopedia Americana, vol. 11, pp. 147-153, and vol. 26, pp. 566-581
(1984); U. S. Patent No.
4,891,227, to Thaman et al., issued January 2, 1990; and U. S. Patent No.
4,891,228, each of which is
incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
Nonwovens made from natural materials consist of webs or sheets most commonly
formed on a
fine wire screen from a liquid suspension of the fibers. See C.A. Hampel et
al., The Encyclopedia of
Chemistry, third edition, 1973, pp. 793-795 (1973); The Encyclopedia
Americana, vol. 21, pp. 376-383
( 1984); and G.A. Smook, Handbook of Pul~ and Paper Technologies, Technical
Association for the Pulp
and Paper Industry ( 1986); which are incorporated by reference herein in
their entirety.
Natural material nonwovens useful in the present invention may be obtained
from a wide variety
of commercial sources. Nonlimiting examples of suitable commercially available
paper layers useful
herein include Airtex~, an embossed airlaid cellulosic layer having a base
weight of about 71 gsy,
available from James River, Green Bay, WI; and Walkisoft~, an embossed airlaid
cellulosic having a base
weight of about 75 gsy, available from Walkisoft U.S.A., Mount Holly, NC.
Additional suitable nonwoven materials include, but are not limited to, those
disclosed in U. S.
Patent Nos. 4,447,294, issued to Osborn on May 8, 1984; 4,603,176 issued to
Bjorkquist on July 29, 1986;
4,981,557 issued to Bjorkquist on January 1, 1991; 5,085,736 issued to
Bjorkquist on February 4, 1992;
5,138,002 issued to Bjorkquist on August 8, 1992; 5,262,007 issued to Phan et
al. on November 16, 1993;
5,264,082, issued to Phan et al. on November 23, 1993; 4,637,859 issued to
Trokhan on January 20, 1987;
4,529,480 issued to Trokhan on July 16, 1985; 4,687,153 issued to McNeil on
August 18, 1987; 5,223,096
issued to Phan et al. on June 29, 1993 and 5,679,222, issued to Rasch et al.
on October 21, 1997, each of
which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
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Methods of making nonwovens are well known in the art. Generally, these
nonwovens can be
made by air-laying, water-laying, meltblowing, coforming, spunbonding, or
carding processes in which the
fibers or filaments are first cut to desired lengths from long strands, passed
into a water or air stream, and
then deposited onto a screen through which the fiber-laden air or water is
passed. The resulting layer,
regardless of its method of production or composition, is then subjected to at
least one of several types of
bonding operations to anchor the individual fibers together to form a self
sustaining web. In the present
invention the nonwoven layer can be prepared. by a variety of processes
including, but not limited to, air-
entanglement, hydroentanglement, thermal bonding, and combinations of these
processes.
Nonwovens made from synthetic materials useful in the present invention can be
obtained from a
wide variety of commercial sources. Nonlimiting examples of suitable nonwoven
layer materials useful
herein include HEF 40-047, an apertured hydroentangled material containing
about 50% rayon and 50%
polyester, and having a basis weight of about 61 grams per square meter (gsm),
available from Veratec,
Inc., Walpole, MA; HEF 140-102, an aperiured hydroentangled material
containing about 50% rayon and
50% polyester, and having a basis weight of about 67 gsm, available from
Veratec, Inc., Walpole, MA;
Novonet~ 149-616, a thermo-bonded grid patterned material containing about
100% polypropylene, and
having a basis weight of about 60 gsm available from Veratec, Inc., Walpole,
MA; Novonet~ 149-801, a
thermo-bonded grid patterned material containing about 69% rayon, about 25%
polypropylene, and about
6% cotton, and having a basis weight of about 90 gsm, available from Veratec,
Inc. Walpole, MA;
Novonet~ 149-191, a thermo-bonded grid patterned material containing about 69%
rayon, about 25%
polypropylene, and about 6% cotton, and having a basis weight of about 120
gsm, available from Veratec,
Inc. Walpole, MA; HEF Nubtex~ 149-801, a nubbed, apertured hydroentangled
material, containing about
100% polyester, and having a basis weight of about 84 gsm, available from
Veratec, Inc. Walpole, MA;
Keybak~ 951 V, a dry formed apertured material, containing about 75% rayon,
about 25% acrylic fibers,
and having a basis weight of about 51 gsm, available from Chicopee, New
Brunswick, NJ; Keybak~ 1368,
an apertured material, containing about 75% rayon, about 25% polyester, and
having a basis weight of
about 47 gsm, available from Chicopee, New Brunswick, NJ; Duralace~ 1236, an
apertured,
hydroentangled material, containing about 100% rayon, and having a basis
weight from about 48 gsm to
about 138 gsm, available from Chicopee, New Brunswick, NJ; Duralace~ 5904, an
aperiured,
hydroentangled material, containing about 100% polyester, and having a basis
weight from about 48 gsm to
about 138 gsm, available from Chicopee, New Brunswick, NJ; Chicopee~ 5763, a
carded hydroaperiured
material (8x6 apertures per inch, 3X2 apertures per cm), containing about 70%
rayon, about 30% polyester,
and a optionally a latex binder (Acrylate or EVA based) of up to about 5% w/w,
and having a basis weight
from about 60 gsm to about 90 gsm, available form Chicopee, New Brunswick, NJ;
Chicopee~ 9900 series
(e.g., Chicopee 9931, 62 gsm, 50/50 rayon/polyester, and Chicopee 9950 50 gsm,
50/50 rayon/polyester), a
carded, hydroentangled material, containing a fiber composition of from 50%
rayon/50% polyester to 0%
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rayon/100% polyester or 100% rayon/0% polyester, and having a basis weight of
from about 36 gsm to
about 84 gsm, available form Chicopee, New Brunswick, NJ; Sontara 8868, a
hydroentangled material,
containing about 50% cellulose and about 50% polyester, and having a basis
weight of about 72 gsm,
available from Dupont Chemical Corp. Preferred non-woven substrate materials
have a basis weight of
S about from 24 gsm to about 96 gsm, more preferably from about 36 gsm to
about 84 gsm, and most
preferably from about 42 gsm to about 78 gsm.
The nonwoven layer may also be a polymeric mesh sponge as described in
European Patent
Application No. EP 702550A1 published March 27, 1996, which is incorporated by
reference herein in its
entirety. Such polymeric mesh sponges comprise a plurality of plies of an
extruded tubular netting mesh
prepared from nylon or a strong flexible polymer, such as addition polymers of
olefin monomers and
polyamides of polycarboxylic acids.
The nonwoven layer may also comprise formed films and composite materials,
i.e., multiply
materials containing formed films. Preferably, such formed films comprise
plastics which tend to be soft to
the skin. Suitable soft plastic formed films include, but are not limited to,
polyolefins such as low density
polyethylenes (LDPE). In such cases where the nonwoven layer comprises a
plastic formed film, it is
preferred that the nonwoven layer be aperiured, e.g., macroapertured or
microapertured, such that the layer
is fluid permeable. In one embodiment, the nonwoven layer comprises a plastic
formed film which is only
microapertured. The surface aberrations of the microapertures, i.e., the male
side, are preferably located on
the interior surface of the second layer and preferably face toward the inside
of the substrate, i.e., toward
the therapeutic benefit component. In certain embodiments which include
apertures having petal-like
edged surface aberrations, without being limited by theory, it is believed
that when the surface aberrations
of the apertures face toward the therapeutic benefit component, the
application of pressure by the hand to
the article allows the petal-like edges of the surface aberrations to fold
inward thereby creating numerous
valves on the interior surface of the layer which in effect meter out the
therapeutic benefit component
contained within the article thereby extending the article's useful life.
In another embodiment, the nonwoven layer comprises a plastic formed film
which is both
microapertured and macroapertured. In such embodiments, the nonwoven layer is
well-suited to contact
the area to be therapeutically treated given the cloth-like feel of such
microapertured films. Preferably, in
such an embodiment, the surface aberrations of the microapertures face
opposite of the surface aberrations
of the macroaperiures on the nonwoven layer. In such an instance, it is
believed that the macroaperiures
maximize the overall wetting/lathering of the article by the three-dimensional
thickness formed from the
surface aberrations which are under constant compression and decompression
during the use of the article
thereby creating lathering bellows.
In any case, the nonwoven layer comprising a formed film preferably has at
least about 100
apertures/cmz, more preferably at least 500 apertures/cmz, even still more
preferably at least about 1000
apertures/cmz, and most preferably at least about 1500 apertures/cmz of the
substrate. More preferred
embodiments of the present invention include a nonwoven layer which has water
flux rate of from about 5
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cm3/cm2-s to about 70 cm3/cmz-s, more preferably from about 10 cm3/cm2-s to
about SO cm3/cmz-s and
most preferably from about 15 cm3/cmz-s to about 40 cm3/cmz-s.
Suitable formed films and formed film-containing composite materials useful in
the nonwoven
layer of the present invention include, but are not limited to, those
disclosed in U. S. Patent No. 4,342,314
issued to Radel et al. on August 3, 1982, commonly assigned co-pending
application U. S. Serial No.
08/326,571 and PCT Application No. US95/07435, filed June 12, 1995 and
published January 11, 1996,
and U. S. Patent No. 4,629,643, issued to Curro et al. on December 16, 1986,
each of which is incorporated
by reference herein in its entirety. Furthermore, the nonwoven layer may be a
formed film composite
material comprising at least one formed film and at least one nonwoven wherein
the layer is vacuum
formed. A suitable formed film composite material includes, but is not limited
to, a vacuum laminated
composite formed film material formed by combining a carded polypropylene
nonwoven having a basis
weight of 30 gsm with a formed film.
Additionally, the nonwoven layer and any additional layers are preferably
bonded to one another
in order to maintain the integrity of the article. This bonding may consist of
spot bonding (e.g., hot point
bonding), continuous joining (e.g., laminated, etc.) in a discontinuous
pattern, or by bonding at the external
edges (or periphery) of the layers and/or at discrete loci or combinations
thereof. When spot bonding is
used in the present articles, it is preferred that the spot bonds are
separated by a distance of not less than
about 1 cm. In any instance, however, the bonding may be arranged such that
geometric shapes and
patterns, e.g. diamonds, circles, squares, etc., are created on the exterior
surfaces of the layers and the
resulting article.
It is also envisioned in the articles of the present invention that the
nonwoven layer and any
additional layers may be surface modified to form single composite layer
having 2 sides with different
textures. Thus, in effect, the water insoluble substrate can be construed as
comprising a single composite
layer with dual textured sides or surfaces.
In any event, it is preferred that the bonded area present between the
nonwoven layer and any
additional layers be not greater than about 50% of the total surface area of
the layers, preferably not greater
than about 15%, more preferably not greater than about 10%, and most
preferably not greater than about
8%.
Each of the layers discussed herein comprises at least two surfaces, namely an
interior surface and
an exterior surface, each of which may have the same or different texture and
abrasiveness. Preferably, the
articles of the present invention comprise substrates and therefore layers
which are soft to the skin.
However, differing texture substrates can result from the use of different
combinations of materials or from
the use of different manufacturing processes or a combination thereof. For
instance, a dual textured water
insoluble substrate can be made to provide a personal care article with the
advantage of having a more
abrasive side for exfoliation and a softer, absorbent side for gentle
cleansing and/or therapeutic treatment.
In addition, the separate layers of the substrate can be manufactured to have
different colors, thereby
helping the user to further distinguish the surfaces.
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Furthermore, each of the layers of the articles as well as the articles
themselves may be made into
a wide variety of shapes and forms including flat pads, thick pads, thin
sheets, ball-shaped implements,
irregularly shaped implements. The exact size of the layers will depend upon
the desired use and
characteristics of the article and may range in surface area size from about a
square inch to about hundreds
of square inches. Especially convenient layer and article shapes include, but
are not limited to, square,
circular, rectangular, hourglass, mitt-type or oval shapes having a surface
area of from about 5 inz to about
200 inz, preferably from about 6 inz to about 120 in2, and more preferably
from about 15 in2 to about 100
inz, and a thickness of from about 0.5 mm to about SO mm, preferably from
about 1 mm to about 25 mm,
and more preferably from about 2 mm to about 20 mm.
Abrasiveness Value Methodolosy
The Abrasiveness Value indicates the "non-scouring" property of the nonwoven
layer of the
present articles. The nonwoven layers of the present invention are mildly
exfoliating but are not rough to
the skin. Therefore, the Abrasiveness Value determination involves rubbing the
substrate along a test
surface using a mechanical device and then examining the resulting scratch
marks produced on the test
1 S surface using different analysis techniques.
The following equipment is needed for the methodology.
1. Martindale Toothbrush Wear and Abrasion Tester: Model 103, serial nos. 103-
1386/2 upwards.
Martindale 07-O1-88 made by James H. Heal and Co. Ltd. Textile Testing and QC
Equipment. Foot
area: 43x44mm. 1Kg weight.
2. Capped Polystyrene strips l IxBcm. Clear general purpose polystyrene layer
on white High Impact
Polystyrene, e. g., EMA Model Supplies SS-20201L.
3. Substrates to be tested.
4. Glossmeter, e.g. Sheen Tri-Microgloss 20-60-85
Prepare the polystyrene strips for scratching by removing plastic protective
coating from the side
to be scratched and rinsing with ethanol (do not use tissue). Place the strip
onto non abrasive surface and
allow strip to dry in the air. Then, attach the polystyrene strip to the base
of a Martindale wear tester with
tape along the edges. Align the strip centrally under the path of the
scrubbing device, with the length of the
strip in the direction of movement. Cut a 2.5" x 2.5" substrate sample. Attach
the substrate sample to the
scrubbing foot of the Martindale wear tester, with double sided tape, aligning
the machine direction of the
substrate with the direction of travel. Secure the scrubbing foot assembly
into the instrument with the
screws supplied. Slot 1Kg weight on to the top of the scrubbing foot assembly
and ensure the scrubbing
foot moves only in one direction (forward and backwards). Cover the entire
Martindale wear tester with a
safety screen. Set the machine to perform 50 cycles in 1 minute and allow to
run. (Frequency = 0.833Hz).
Once the machine has stopped take off the footer assembly and lift the
polystyrene strip off the base of the
machine. Label the polystyrene indicating the substrate used and store in a
plastic bag.
Next, the strips are analyzed. The strips are placed on a black construction
paper background and
at least 5 samples of the same substrate are analyzed to get a reproducible
average. The Glossmeter is
CA 02391032 2002-05-09
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placed orthogonally (such that light beam is at right angles to scratches) and
centrally over scratched side of
the polystyrene strip. A 20° angle is selected and the sample is
measured yielding the Abrasiveness Value.
As the Abrasiveness Value decreases the scratchiness or scouring property of a
substrate increases.
THERAPEUTIC BENEFIT COMPONENT
The articles of the present invention further comprise a safe and effective
amount of a therapeutic
benefit component. The benefit component is disposed adjacent to the water
insoluble substrate and
comprises from about 10% to about 1000%, by weight of the water insoluble
substrate, of a therapeutic
benefit composition. The benefit composition further comprises a safe and
effective amount of a cationic
polymer and a safe and effective amount of an anionic surfactant wherein said
composition forms a
coacervate when the article is exposed to water.
Cationic Polymer
The personal care compositions of the present invention comprise a safe and
effective amount of
cationic polymer. The cationic polymer may be selected from the group
consisting of natural backbone
quaternary ammonium polymers, synthetic backbone quaternary ammonium polymers,
natural backbone
amphoteric type polymers, synthetic backbone amphoteric type polymers, and
combinations thereof.
The cationic polymer preferably exhibits a charge density of greater than
about 0.05 meq/gm,
more preferably, greater than about 0.1 meq/gm, even more preferably, greater
than about 0.2 meq/gm,
even more preferably, greater than about 0.5 meq/gm, and most preferably,
greater than about I meq/gm.
The molecular weight of the cationic polymer is preferably greater than about
250, more
preferably, greater than about 350, even more preferably greater than about
450, and most preferably,
greater than about 500.
More preferably, the cationic polymer is selected from the group consisting of
natural backbone
quaternary ammonium polymers selected from the group consisting of
Polyquaternium-4, Polyquaternium-
10, Polyquaternium-24, PG-hydroxyethylcellulose alkyldimonium chlorides, guar
hydroxypropyltrimonium
chloride, hydroxypropylguar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, and combinations
thereof; synthetic
backbone quaternary ammonium polymers selected from the group consisting of
Polyquaternium-2,
Polyquaternium-6, Polyquatemium-7, Polyquaternium-11, Polyquatemium-16,
Polyquaternium-17,
Polyquaternium-18, Polyquatemium-28, Polyquaternium-32, Polyquaternium-37,
Polyquaternium-43,
Polyquaternium-44, Polyquaternium-46, polymethacylamidopropyl trimonium
chloride, acrylamidopropyl
trimonium chloride/acrylamide copolymer, and combinations thereof; natural
backbone amphoteric type
polymers selected from the group consisting of chitosan, quaternized proteins,
hydrolyzed proteins, and
combinations thereof; synthetic backbone amphoteric type polymers selected
from the group consisting of
Polyquaternium-22, Polyquaternium-39, Polyquaternium-47, adipic
acid/dimethylaminohydroxypropyl
diethylenetriamine copolymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone/dimethylyaminoethyl
methacyrlate copolymer,
vinylcaprolactam/ polyvinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate
copolymer, vinaylcaprolactam/
polyvinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide terpolymer,
polyvinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide copolymer, polyamine,
and combinations
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thereof; and combinations thereof. Even more preferably, the cationic polymer
is a synthetic backbone
amphoteric type polymer. Even still more preferably, the cationic polymer is a
polyamine.
When the cationic polymer is a polyamine, it is preferred that the cationic
polyamine polymer be
selected from the group consisting of polyethyleneimines, polyvinylamines,
polypropyleneimines,
polylysines and combinations thereof. Even more preferably, the cationic
polyamine polymer is a
polyethyleneimine.
In certain embodiments in which the cationic polymer is a polyamine, the
polyamine may be
hydrophobically or hydrophilically modified. In this instance, the cationic
polyamine polymer is selected
from the group consisting of benzylated polyamines, ethoxylated polyamines,
propoxylated polyamines,
alkylated polyamines, amidated polyamines, esterified polyamines and
combinations thereof. The
coacervate-forming composition comprises from about 0.01 % to about 20%, more
preferably from about
0.05% to about 10%, and most preferably from about 0.1% to about 5%, by weight
of the coacervate-
forming composition, of the cationic polymer.
Anionic Surfactant
The coacervate compositions of the present invention also comprise an anionic
surfactant.
Without being limited by theory, it is believed that the anionic surfactant
interacts with the cationic polymer
to partially reduce cationic charge density, decreasing solubility and
enhancing deposition on skin. The
compositions preferably comprise from about 10% to about 1,000%, preferably
from about 50% to about
600%, and more preferably from about 100% to about 250%, based on the weight
of the water insoluble
substrate, of the anionic surfactant.
A wide variety of anionic surfactants are suitable for use in the compositions
of the present
invention. See, e.g., U. S. Patent 2,929,678, issued to Laughlin et al. on
December 30, 1975. Nonlimiting
examples of anionic surfactants include the acyl isethionates (e.g., C,z-C3o),
alkyl and alkyl ether sulfates
and salts thereof, alkyl and alkyl ether phosphates and salts thereof, alkyl
methyl taurates (e.g., C,Z-C3o),
monoalkanol amine phosphates.and soaps (e.g., alkali metal salts like sodium
or potassium salts) of fatty
acids. Preferably, for the coacervate-forming composition, the anionic
surfactant is selected from the group
consisting of sarcosinates, glutamates, sodium alkyl sulfates, ammonium alkyl
sulfates, sodium alkyleth
sulfates, ammonium alkyleth sulfates, ammonium laureth-n-sulfates, sodium
laureth-n-sulfates,
isethionates, glycerylether sulfonates, sulfosuccinates, monoalkanol amine
phosphates and combinations
thereof. More preferably, the anionic surfactant is selected from the group
consisting of sodium lauroyl
sarcosinate, monosodium lauroyl glutamate, sodium alkyl sulfates, ammonium
alkyl sulfates, sodium
alkyleth sulfates, ammonium alkyleth sulfates, monoalkanol amine phosphates,
and combinations thereof.
Without being limited by theory, it is believed that the cationic polymer and
anionic surfactant
coexist in the form of a coacervate when exposed to an aqueous medium. As used
herein, "coacervate"
means an associative phase separation of oppositely charged polymer and
surfactant or polymer and
polymer caused by product dilution. The result is an aqueous gel-like material
which is formed, the
coacervate. Once formed, the coacervates alone in the present compositions may
improve the appearance
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WO 01/35905 PCT/US00/31679
of dry skin once applied. Furthermore, such coacervates may also serve as
mechanisms for deposition of a
therapeutic benefit agents thereby facilitating the substantivity of such
agents to the skin. As the
substantivity of the agent to the skin and/or hair is increased the
effectiveness of the agent is increased.
When the article is exposed to water, the therapeutic benefit compositions of
the present invention
exhibit a pH of from about 4 to about 10. Preferably, the pH is from about 4.5
to 9.5 and more preferably
from about 5 to 9.
Surface to Saturation Ratio Methodolo~y
The articles of the present invention comprise a therapeutic benefit component
which is
substantially on the surface of the substrate. By "substantially on the
surface of the substrate" is meant that
the surface to saturation ratio is greater than about 1.25, preferably greater
than about 1.5, more preferably
greater than about 2.0, even more preferably greater than about 2.25, and most
preferably greater than 2.5.
The surface to saturation ratio is a ratio of the measurement of benefit agent
on the surface of the substrate.
These measurements are obtained from Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) FT-IR
Spectroscopy the use of
which is well known to one skilled in the art of analytical chemistry.
Many conventional methods of application of conditioning agents to substrates
employ processes
and/or product rheologies unsuitable for the purposes of the present
invention. For example, a process to
dip the substrate web in a fluid bath of conditioning agent and then squeeze
the substrate web through
metering rolls, so called "dip and nip" processing, applies conditioning agent
through the entire substrate
and therefore does not afford opportunity for effective direct transfer of the
composition off the cloth and
onto another surface during use. Furthermore, many of the articles of the
present invention utilize
sufficient loadings of conditioning agent onto substrates to provide an
effective whole body benefit, usually
requiring about 100-200% loading rates based on the weight of the dry
substrate. Known personal care
implements that use these high loading levels essentially avoid dealing with
aesthetic issues that can result
from these high loadings by distributing the loading evenly throughout the
substrate, including the substrate
interior. Applicants have surprisingly found that high loadings of
conditioning agent can be maintained on
the surface of the article, thus advantageously affording opportunity for
direct transfer of the benefit agents
from the substrate to the surface to be treated during use, while delivering
improved aesthetics by the
compositions of the present invention.
The procedure to obtain the measurements is as follows:
Instrumental Setup: A BioRad FTS-7 spectrometer, manufactured by Bio Rad Labs,
Digital
Laboratory Division, located in Cambridge, MA, is used to collect the infrared
spectra. Typically, the
measurements consist of 100 scans at 4 cm'' resolution. The collection optics
consist of a flat 60 deg ZnSe
ATR crystal, manufactured by Graseby Specac, Inc., located in Fairfield, CT.
Data is collected at 25°C and
analyzed using Grams 386 software, distributed by Galactic Industries Corp.,
located in Salem, NH. Prior
to measurement the crystal is cleaned with a suitable solvent. The sample is
placed onto the ATR crystal
and held under constant 4 kilogram weight.
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Experimental Procedure:
( 1 ) Measure the reference (background) spectrum of the cleaned, air dried
cell.
(2) First, select a substrate with no benefit agents applied to it, the
substrate selected comprising
the external surface of the article. Place substrate on top of the ATR
crystal., external surface
against the crystal. First lay the substrate flat on the measuring platform.
Then place a 4 kg.
weight on top of the substrate. Then, measure the spectrum (typically 100
scans at 4 cm''
resolution). The substrate acts as an internal standard because the absorbency
of the substrate
alone is thus identified. Identify the main substrate peaks and wavenumbers.
(3) Repeat the procedure for the substrate of the article with benefit agent
applied to it. Identify
the primary benefit agent's peak heights, which are the highest observed peaks
that either do
not correspond to a substrate peak as observed previously; or which may
correspond to a
previously observed substrate peak but which exhibit the greatest percentage
increase in
absorbance due to presence of the conditioning agent. Record the wavenumber
and
absorbance of several benefit agent peaks.
(4) Select the substrate peak from the spectra determined in step 3 which
occurs at a wavenumber
determined in step 2, but which does not correspond to one of the primary
benefit agent peaks
selected in step 3. Record the wavenumber selected and the absorbance from the
absorbance
spectrum in step 3.
(5) Calculate the ratio of each benefit agent's peak height determined in step
3 to the substrate's
peak height determined in step 4. The highest number of the group represents
the surface to
saturation ratio for the article.
The following contain some examples:
Substrate* Substrate ConditionerConditioner Ratio
Peak and Peak Ht.
Peak Ht.
Batting (blend Glycerin
of
polyester heat 0.0865 (C-O Peak 0.181 2.09
bonded at
with 70% PET/PE (C=O Peak 1030 cm'')
at 1710
bicomponent fiber)cm'')
Batting (blend Hydrocarbon
of
polyester heat 0.0865 (C-H Peak 0.160 1.85
bonded at
with 70% PET/PE (C=O Peak 2923 cm')
at 1710
bicomponent fiber)cm'')
70% Rayon/30% 0.0333 Glycerin
Polyester, (C=O Peak (C-O Peak 0.0684 2.05
at 1710 at
hydroentangled cm') 1030 cm')
*Substrates of these types are readily available, for example trom rtil
Nonwovens, tsenson, m.,
Moisture Retention MethodoloQy
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WO 01/35905 PCT/US00/31679
As described above, the articles of the present invention are considered to be
"substantially dry".
As used herein, "substantially dry" means that the articles of the present
invention exhibit a Moisture
Retention of less than about 0.95 gms, preferably less than about 0.75 gms,
even more preferably, less than
about 0.5 gms, even more preferably less than about 0.25 gms, even still more
preferably less than about
0.15 gms, and most preferably, less than about 0.1 gms. The Moisture Retention
is indicative of the dry
feel that users perceive upon touching the articles of the present invention
as opposed to the feel of "wet"
ropes.
In order to determine the Moisture Retention of the present articles and other
disposable substrate-
based products, the following equipment and materials are needed.
Bounty White Paper Towel Procter & Gamble SKU 37000
63037
Basis Weight = 42. l4gsm
Balance Accurate to O.Og
Lexan 0.5" thickness
large enough to cover samples
completely and
weighs IOOOg
Weight A 2000g weight or combination
to equal 2000g
Next, weigh two paper towels separately and record each weight. Place one
paper towel on flat
surface (e.g. lab bench). Place the sample article on top of that towel. Place
the other paper towel on top
of sample article. Next, place the Lexan and then the 2000g weights) on top of
the sandwiched sample
article. Wait 1 minute. After the minute, remove weights) and Lexan. Weigh the
top and bottom paper
I S towel and record the weight.
Calculate the Moisture Retention by subtracting the initial paper towel weight
from the final
weight (after 1 minute) for both the top and bottom paper towels. Add the
weight differences obtained for
the top and bottom paper towels. Assuming multiple articles are tested,
average the total weight differences
to obtain the Moisture Retention.
MULTIPLE ARTICLE EMBODIMENT
The articles of the present invention may also be packaged individually or
with additional articles
suitable for providing separate benefits not provided by the primary article,
e.g., aesthetic, therapeutic,
functional, or otherwise, thereby forming a personal care kit. The additional
article of this personal care kit
preferably comprises a water insoluble substrate comprising at least one layer
and either a cleansing
component containing a lathering surfactant or a therapeutic benefit component
disposed onto or
impregnated into that layer of the substrate of the additional article.
The additional article of the present invention may also serve a functional
benefit in addition to or in
lieu of a therapeutic or aesthetic benefit. For instance, the additional
article may be useful as a drying
CA 02391032 2002-05-09
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implement suitable for use to aid in the removal of water from the skin or
hair upon completion of a
showering or bathing experience.
MULTIPLE CHAMBERED EMBODIMENT
The articles of the present invention may also comprise one or more chambers.
Such chambers or
compartments result from the connection (e.g., bonding) of the substrate
layers to one another at various
loci to define enclosed areas. These chambers are useful, e.g., for separating
various article components
from one another, e.g., the surfactant-containing cleansing component from a
conditioning agent. The
separated article components which provide a therapeutic or aesthetic or
cleansing benefit may be released
from the chambers in a variety of ways including, but not limited to,
solubilization, emulsification,
mechanical transfer, puncturing, popping, bursting, squeezing of the chamber
or even peeling away a
substrate layer which composes a portion of the chamber.
OPTIONAL COMPONENTS
The articles of the present invention may contain a variety of other
components such as are
conventionally used in a given product type provided that they do not
unacceptably alter the benefits of the
invention. These optional components should be suitable for application to
human skin and hair, that is,
when incorporated into the article they are suitable for use in contact with
human skin without undue
toxicity, incompatibility, instability, allergic response, and the like,
within the scope of sound medical or
formulator's judgment. The CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Handbook, Second Edition
(1992) describes a wide
variety of nonlimiting cosmetic and pharmaceutical ingredients commonly used
in the skin care industry,
which are suitable for use in the articles of the present invention. Examples
of these ingredient classes
include: enzymes, abrasives, skin exfoliating agents, absorbents, aesthetic
components such as fragrances,
pigments, colorings/colorants, essential oils, skin sensates, astringents,
etc. (e.g., clove oil, menthol,
camphor, eucalyptus oil, eugenol, menthyl lactate, witch hazel distillate),
anti-acne agents (e.g., resorcinol,
sulfur, salicylic acid, erythromycin, zinc, etc.), anti-caking agents,
antifoaming agents, additional
antimicrobial agents (e.g., iodopropyl butylcarbamate), antioxidants, binders,
biological additives, buffering
agents, bulking agents, chelating agents, chemical additives, colorants,
cosmetic astringents, cosmetic
biocides, denaturants, drug astringents, external analgesics, film formers or
materials, e.g., polymers, for
aiding the film-forming properties and substantivity of the composition (e.g.,
copolymer of eicosene and
vinyl pyrrolidone), humectants, opacifying agents, pH adjusters, propellants,
reducing agents, sequestrants,
skin bleaching agents (or lightening agents) (e.g., hydroquinone, kojic acid,
ascorbic acid, magnesium
ascorbyl phosphate, ascorbyl glucosamine), skin soothing and/or healing agents
(e.g., panthenol and
derivatives (e.g., ethyl panthenol), aloe vera, pantothenic acid and its
derivatives, allantoin, bisabolol, and
dipotassium glycyrrhizinate), skin treating agents, including agents for
preventing, retarding, arresting,
and/or reversing skin wrinkles (e.g., alpha-hydroxy acids such as lactic acid
and glycolic acid and beta-
hydroxy acids such as salicylic acid), thickeners, hydrocolloids, particular
zeolites, and vitamins and
derivatives thereof (e.g. tocopherol, tocopherol acetate, beta carotene,
retinoic acid, retinol, retinoids,
retinyl palmitate, niacin, niacinamide, and the like). The articles of the
present invention may include
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carrier components such as are known in the art. Such carriers can include one
or more compatible liquid
or solid filler diluents or vehicles which are suitable for application to
skin or hair.
The articles of the present invention may optionally contain one or more of
such optional
components. Preferred articles optionally contain a safe and effective amount
of therapeutic benefit
S component comprising a therapeutic benefit agent selected from the group
consisting of vitamin
compounds, skin treating agents, anti-acne actives, anti-wrinkle actives, anti-
skin atrophy actives, anti-
inflammatory actives, topical anesthetics, artificial tanning actives and
accelerators, anti-microbial actives,
anti-fungal actives, anti-viral agents, enzymes, sunscreen actives, anti-
oxidants, skin exfoliating agents, and
combinations thereof. As used herein, "a safe and effective amount" means an
amount of a compound or
component sufficient to significantly induce a positive effect or benefit, but
low enough to avoid serious
side effects, (e.g., undue toxicity or allergic reaction), i.e., to provide a
reasonable benefit to risk ratio,
within the scope of sound medical judgment.
The optional components useful herein can be categorized by their therapeutic
or aesthetic benefit
or their postulated mode of action. However, it is to be understood that the
optional components useful
herein can in some instances provide more than one therapeutic or aesthetic
benefit or operate via more
than one mode of action. Therefore, classifications herein are made for the
sake of convenience and are not
intended to limit the component to that particular application or applications
listed. Also, when applicable,
the pharmaceutically-acceptable salts of the components are useful herein.
Anionic Polymers
The articles of the present invention may optionally comprise an anionic
polymer. Suitable
anionic polymers may be selected from the group consisting of polyacrylic acid
polymers, polyacrylamide
polymers, copolymers of acrylic acid, acrylamide, and other natural or
synthetic polymers (e.g.,
polystyrene, polybutene, polyurethane, etc.), naturally derived gums, and
combinations thereof. Suitable
gums include alginates (e.g., propylene glycol alginate), pectins, chitosans
(e.g., chitosan lactate), and
modified gums (e.g., starch octenyl succinate), and combinations thereof. More
preferably, the anionic
polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyacrylic acid polymers,
polyacrylamide polymers,
pectins, chitosans, and combinations thereof. Preferred articles of the
present invention comprise from
about 0.01% to about 20%, more preferably from about 0.05% to about 10%, and
most preferably from
about 0.1 % to about 5%, by weight of the coacervate-forming composition, of
the anionic polymer.
Vitamin Compounds
The present articles may comprise vitamin compounds, precursors, and
derivatives thereof. These
vitamin compounds may be in either natural or synthetic form. Suitable vitamin
compounds include, but
are not limited to, Vitamin A (e.g., beta carotene, retinoic acid, retinol,
retinoids, retinyl palmitate, retinyl
proprionate, etc.), Vitamin B (e.g., niacin, niacinamide, riboflavin,
pantothenic acid, etc.), Vitamin C (e.g.,
ascorbic acid, etc.), Vitamin D (e.g., ergosterol, ergocalciferol,
cholecalciferol, etc.), Vitamin E (e.g.,
tocopherol acetate, etc.), and Vitamin K (e.g., phytonadione, menadione,
phthiocol, etc.) compounds.
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In particular, the articles of the present invention may comprise a safe and
effective amount of a
vitamin B3 compound. Vitamin B3 compounds are particularly useful for
regulating skin condition as
described in co-pending U. S. Application Serial No. 08/834,010, filed April
11, 1997 (corresponding to
international publication WO 97/39733 A1, published October 30, 1997) which is
incorporated by
reference herein in its entirety. The therapeutic component of the present
invention preferably comprise
from about 0.01 % to about 50%, more preferably from about 0.1 % to about 10%,
even more preferably
from about 0.5% to about 10%, and still more preferably from about 1% to about
5%, most preferably from
about 2% to about 5%, of the vitamin B3 compound.
As used herein, "vitamin B3 compound" means a compound having the formula:
~R
to
wherein R is - CONH2 (i.e., niacinamide), - COOH (i.e., nicotinic acid) or -
CH20H (i.e., nicotinyl
alcohol); derivatives thereof; and salts of any of the foregoing.
Exemplary derivatives of the foregoing vitamin B3 compounds include nicotinic
acid esters,
including non-vasodilating esters of nicotinic acid, nicotinyl amino acids,
nicotinyl alcohol esters of
carboxylic acids, nicotinic acid N-oxide and niacinamide N-oxide.
Examples of suitable vitamin B3 compounds are well known in the art and are
commercially
available from a number of sources, e.g., the Sigma Chemical Company (St.
Louis, MO); ICN Biomedicals,
Inc. (Irvin, CA) and Aldrich Chemical Company (Milwaukee, WI).
The vitamin compounds may be included as the substantially pure material, or
as an extract
obtained by suitable physical and/or chemical isolation from natural (e.g.,
plant) sources.
Skin Treating Agents
The articles of the present invention may contain one or more skin treating
agents. Suitable skin
treating agents include those effective for preventing, retarding, arresting,
and/or reversing skin wrinkles.
Examples of suitable skin treating agents include, but are not limited to,
alpha-hydroxy acids such as lactic
acid and glycolic acid and beta-hydroxy acids such as salicylic acid.
Anti-Acne Actives
Examples of useful anti-acne actives for the articles of the present invention
include, but are not
limited to, the keratolytics such as salicylic acid (o-hydroxybenzoic acid),
derivatives of salicylic acid such
as 5-octanoyl salicylic acid, and resorcinol; retinoids such as retinoic acid
and its derivatives (e.g., cis and
trans); sulfur-containing D and L amino acids and their derivatives and salts,
particularly their N-acetyl
derivatives, a preferred example of which is N-acetyl-L-cysteine; lipoic acid;
antibiotics and antimicrobials
such as benzoyl peroxide, octopirox, tetracycline, 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxy
diphenyl ether, 3,4,4'-
trichlorobanilide, azelaic acid and its derivatives, phenoxyethanol,
phenoxypropanol, phenoxyisopropanol,
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WO 01/35905 PCT/US00/31679
ethyl acetate, clindamycin and meclocycline; sebostats such as flavonoids; and
bile salts such as scymnol
sulfate and its derivatives, deoxycholate, and cholate.
Anti-Wrinkle and Anti-Skin Atrophy Actives
Examples of anti-wrinkle and anti-skin atrophy actives useful for the articles
of the present
invention include, but are not limited to, retinoic acid and its derivatives
(e.g., cis and trans); retinol; retinyl
esters; niacinamide, salicylic acid and derivatives thereof; sulfur-containing
D and L amino acids and their
derivatives and salts, particularly the N-acetyl derivatives, a preferred
example of which is N-acetyl-L-
cysteine; thiols, e.g., ethane thiol; hydroxy acids, phytic acid, lipoic acid;
lysophosphatidic acid, and skin
peel agents (e.g., phenol and the like).
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Actives (NSAIDS)
Examples of NSAIDS useful for the articles of the present invention include,
but are not limited
to, the following categories: propionic acid derivatives; acetic acid
derivatives; fenamic acid derivatives;
biphenylcarboxylic acid derivatives; and oxicams. All of these NSAIDS are
fully described in U. S. Patent
4,985,459 to Sunshine et al., issued January 15, 1991, incorporated by
reference herein in its entirety.
I 5 Examples of useful NSAIDS include acetyl salicylic acid, ibuprofen,
naproxen, benoxaprofen, flurbiprofen,
fenoprofen, fenbufen, ketoprofen, indoprofen, pirprofen, carprofen, oxaprozin,
pranoprofen, miroprofen,
tioxaprofen, suprofen, alminoprofen, tiaprofenic acid, fluprofen and bucloxic
acid. Also useful are the
steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs including hydrocortisone and the like.
Topical Anesthetics
Examples of topical anesthetic drugs useful for the articles of the present
invention include, but are
not limited to, benzocaine, lidocaine, bupivacaine, chlorprocaine, dibucaine,
etidocaine, mepivacaine,
tetracaine, dyclonine, hexylcaine, procaine, cocaine, ketamine, pramoxine,
phenol, and pharmaceutically
acceptable salts thereof.
Artificial Tanning Actives and Accelerators
Examples of artificial tanning actives and accelerators useful for the
articles of the present
invention include, but are not limited to, dihydroxyacetaone, tyrosine,
tyrosine esters such as ethyl
tyrosinate, and phospho-DOPA.
Antimicrobial and Antifi,yal Actives
Examples of antimicrobial and antifungal actives useful for the articles of
the present invention
include, but are not limited to, f3-lactam drugs, quinolone drugs,
ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, tetracycline,
erythromycin, amikacin, 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxy diphenyl ether, 3,4,4'-
trichlorocarbanilide,
phenoxyethanol, phenoxy propanol, phenoxyisopropanol, doxycycline,
capreomycin, chlorhexidine,
chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, clindamycin, ethambutol, hexamidine
isethionate, metronidazole,
pentamidine, gentamicin, kanamycin, lineomycin, methacycline, methenamine,
minocycline, neomycin,
netilmicin, paromomycin, streptomycin, tobramycin, miconazole, tetracycline
hydrochloride, erythromycin,
zinc erythromycin, erythromycin estolate, erythromycin stearate, amikacin
sulfate, doxycycline
hydrochloride, capreomycin sulfate, chlorhexidine gluconate, chlorhexidine
hydrochloride,
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chlortetracycline hydrochloride, oxytetracycline hydrochloride, clindamycin
hydrochloride, ethambutol
hydrochloride, metronidazole hydrochloride, pentamidine hydrochloride,
gentamicin sulfate, kanamycin
sulfate, lineomycin hydrochloride, methacycline hydrochloride, methenamine
hippurate, methenamine
mandelate, minocycline hydrochloride, neomycin sulfate, netilmicin sulfate,
paromomycin sulfate,
streptomycin sulfate, tobramycin sulfate, miconazole hydrochloride, amanfadine
hydrochloride,
amanfadine sulfate, octopirox, parachlorometa xylenol, nystatin, tolnaftate,
zinc pyrithione and
clotrimazole.
Anti-viral A ents
The articles of the present invention may further comprise one or more anti-
viral agents. Suitable
anti-viral agents include, but are not limited to, metal salts (e.g., silver
nitrate, copper sulfate, iron chloride,
etc.) and organic acids (e.g., malic acid, salicylic acid, succinic acid,
benzoic acid, etc.). . In particular
compositions which contain additional suitable anti-viral agents include those
described in copending U. S.
patent applications Serial Nos. 09/421,084 (Beerse et al.) ; 09/421,131
(Biedermann et al.); 09/420,646
(Morgan et al.); and 09/421,179 (Page et al.), which were each filed on
October 19, 1999.
Enzymes
The article of the present invention may optionally include one or more
enzymes. Preferably, such
enzymes are dermatologically acceptable. Suitable enzymes include, but are not
limited to, keratinase,
protease, amylase, subtilisin, etc..
Sunscreen Actives
Also useful herein are sunscreening actives. A wide variety of sunscreening
agents are described
in U.S. Patent No. 5,087,445, to Haffey et al., issued February 11, 1992; U.S.
Patent No. 5,073,372, to
Turner et al., issued December 17, 1991; U.S. Patent No. 5,073,371, to Turner
et al. issued December 17,
1991; and Segarin, et al., at Chapter VIII, pages 189 et seq., of Cosmetics
Science and TechnoloQV, all of
which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Nonlimiting
examples of sunscreens which are
useful in the compositions of the present invention are those selected from
the group consisting of 2-
ethylhexyl p-methoxycinnamate, 2-ethylhexyl N,N-dimethyl p-aminobenzoate, p-
aminobenzoic acid, 2-
phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid, octocrylene, oxybenzone, homomenthyl
salicylate, octyl salicylate,
4,4'-methoxy-t-butyldibenzoylmethane, 4-isopropyl dibenzoylmethane, 3-
benzylidene camphor, 3-(4-
methylbenzylidene) camphor, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, silica, iron oxide,
and mixtures thereof. Still
other useful sunscreens are those disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,937,370, to
Sabatelli, issued June 26, 1990;
and U.S. Patent No. 4,999,186, to Sabatelli et al., issued March 12, 1991;
these two references are
incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. Especially preferred
examples of these sunscreens
include those selected from the group consisting of 4-N,N-(2-
ethylhexyl)methylaminobenzoic acid ester of
2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 4-N,N-(2-ethylhexyl)methylaminobenzoic acid ester
with 4-
hydroxydibenzoylmethane, 4-N,N- (2-ethylhexyl)-methylaminobenzoic acid ester
of 2-hydroxy-4-(2-
hydroxyethoxy)benzophenone, 4-N,N-(2-ethylhexyl)-methylaminobenzoic acid ester
of 4-(2-
hydroxyethoxy)dibenzoylmethane, and mixtures thereof. Exact amounts of
sunscreens which can be
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employed will vary depending upon the sunscreen chosen and the desired Sun
Protection Factor (SPF) to
be achieved. SPF is a commonly used measure of photoprotection of a sunscreen
against erythema. See
Federal Re ig ster, Vol. 43, No. 166, pp. 38206-38269, August 25, 1978, which
is incorporated herein by
reference in its entirety.
Hydrocolloids
Hydrocolloids may also be optionally included in the articles of the present
invention.
Hydrocolloids are well known in the art and are helpful in extending the
useful life of the surfactants
contained in the cleansing component of the present invention such that the
articles may last throughout at
least one entire showering or bathing experience. Suitable hydrocolloids
include, but are not limited to,
xanthan gum, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxylpropyl
cellulose, methyl and ethyl
cellulose, natural gums, gudras guar gum, bean gum, natural starches,
deionitized starches (e.g., starch
octenyl succinate) and the like.
Exothermic Zeolites
Zeolites and other compounds which react exothermically when combined with
water may also be
optionally included in the articles of the present invention.
Structured Conditioning Agents
The articles of the present invention may optionally comprise structured
conditioning agents.
Suitable structured conditioning agents include, but are not limited to,
vesicular structures such as
ceramides, liposomes, and the like.
HydroQel Forming Polymeric Gelling. Agents
In certain embodiments of the present invention, the articles may optionally
comprise an aqueous
gel, i.e., a "hydrogel", formed from a hydrogel forming polymeric gelling
agent and water. More
specifically, the hydrogel is contained within the cleansing component or the
therapeutic benefit component
of the article. When an aqueous gel is present, the articles preferably
comprise from about 0.1% to about
100%, by weight of the water insoluble substrate, more preferably from about
3% to about 50%, and most
preferably from about 5% to about 35%, of a hydrogel forming polymeric gelling
agent, calculated based
on the dry weight of the hydrogel forming polymeric gelling agent.
In general, the hydrogel forming polymeric gelling agent materials of the
present invention are at
least partially crosslinked polymers prepared from polymerizable, unsaturated
acid-containing monomers
which are water-soluble or become water-soluble upon hydrolysis. These include
monoethylenically
unsaturated compounds having at least one hydrophilic radical, including (but
not limited to) olefinically
unsaturated acids and anhydrides which contain at least one carbon-carbon
olefinic double bond. With
respect to these monomers, water-soluble means that the monomer is soluble in
deionized water at 25°C at
a level of at least 0.2%, preferably at least 1.0%.
Upon polymerization, monomeric units as described above will generally
constitute from about 25
mole percent to 99.99 mole percent, more preferably from about 50 mole percent
to 99.99 mole percent,
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most preferably at least about 75 mole percent of the polymeric gelling agent
material (dry polymer weight
basis), of acid-containing monomers.
The hydrogel forming polymeric gelling agent herein is partially crosslinked
to a sufficient degree
preferably that is high enough such that the resulting polymer does not
exhibit a glass transition
temperature (Tg) below about 140°C, and accordingly, the term "hydrogel
forming polymeric gelling
agent," as used herein, shall mean polymers meeting this parameter. Preferably
the hydrogel forming
polymeric gelling agent does not have a Tg below about 180°C, and more
preferably does not have a Tg
prior to decomposition of the polymer, at temperatures of about 300°C
or higher. The Tg can be
determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) conducted at a heating
rate of 20.0 C°/minute with 5
mg or smaller samples. The Tg is calculated as the midpoint between the onset
and endset of heat flow
change corresponding to the glass transition on the DSC heat capacity heating
curve. The use of DSC to
determine Tg is well known in the art, and is described by B. Cassel and M. P.
DiVito in "Use of DSC To
Obtain Accurate Thermodynamic and Kinetic Data", American Laboratory, January
1994, pp 14-19, and by
B. Wunderlich in Thermal Analysis, Academic Press, Inc., 1990.
The hydrogel forming polymeric material is characterized as highly absorbent
and able to retain
water in its absorbed or "gel" state. Preferred hydrogel forming polymeric
gelling agent hereof will be able
to absorb at least about 40 g water (deionized) per gram of gelling agent,
preferably at least about 60 g/g,
more preferably at least about 80 g/g. These values, referred to as
"Absorptive Capacity" herein can be
determined according to the procedure in the Absorptive Capacity "Tea Bag"
test described above.
The hydrogel forming polymeric gelling agent hereof will, in general, be at
least partially
crosslinked. Suitable cross-linking agents are well know in the art and
include, for example, (1)
compounds having at least two polymerizable double bonds; (2) compounds having
at least one
polymerizable double bond and at least one functional group reactive with the
acid-containing monomer
material; (3) compounds having at least two functional groups reactive with
the acid-containing monomer
material; and (4) polyvalent metal compounds which can form ionic cross-
linkages.
Cross-linking agents having at least two polymerizable double bonds include
(i) di- or polyvinyl
compounds such as divinylbenzene and divinyltoluene; (ii) di- or poly-esters
of unsaturated mono- or poly-
carboxylic acids with polyols including, for example, di- or triacrylic acid
esters of polyols such as ethylene
glycol, trimethylol propane, glycerine, or polyoxyethylene glycols; (iii)
bisacrylamides such as N,N-
methylenebisacrylamide; (iv) carbamyl esters that can be obtained by reacting
polyisocyanates with
hydroxyl group-containing monomers; (v) di- or poly-allyl ethers of polyols;
(vi) di- or poly-allyl esters of
polycarboxylic acids such as diallyl phthalate, diallyl adipate, and the like;
(vii) esters of unsaturated mono-
or poly-carboxylic acids with mono-allyl esters of polyols such as acrylic
acid ester of polyethylene glycol
monoallyl ether; and (viii) di- or tri-allyl amine.
Cross-linking agents having at least one polymerizable double bond and at
least one functional
group reactive with the acid-containing monomer material include N-methylol
acrylamide, glycidyl
acrylate, and the like. Suitable cross-linking agents having at least two
functional groups reactive with the
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acid-containing monomer material include glyoxal; polyols such as ethylene
glycol and glycerol;
polyamines such as alkylene diamines (e.g., ethylene diamine), polyalkylene
polyamines, polyepoxides, di-
or polyglycidyl ethers and the like. Suitable polyvalent metal cross-linking
agents which can form ionic
cross-linkages include oxides, hydroxides and weak acid salts (e.g.,
carbonate, acetate and the like) of
alkaline earth metals (e.g., calcium, magnesium) and zinc, including, for
example, calcium oxide and zinc
diacetate.
Cross-linking agents of many of the foregoing types are described in greater
detail in Masuda et
al., U. S. Patent 4,076,663, issued February 28, 1978, and Allen et al., U. S.
Patent 4,861,539, issued
August 29, 1989, both incorporated herein by reference. Preferred cross-
linking agents include the di- or
polyesters of unsaturated mono- or polycarboxylic acids mono-allyl esters of
polyols, the bisacrylamides,
and the di- or tri-allyl amines. Specific examples of especially preferred
cross-linking agents include N,N'-
methylenebisacrylamide and trimethylol propane triacrylate.
The cross-linking agent will generally constitute from about 0.001 mole
percent to 5 mole percent
of the resulting hydrogel-forming polymeric material. More generally, the
cross-linking agent will
constitute from about 0.01 mole percent to 3 mole percent of the hydrogel-
forming polymeric gelling agent
used herein.
The hydrogel forming polymeric gelling hereof may be employed in their
partially neutralized
form. For purposes of this invention, such materials are considered partially
neutralized when at least 25
mole percent, and preferably at least 50 mole percent of monomers used to form
the polymer are acid
group-containing monomers which have been neutralized with a base. Suitable
neutralizing bases cations
include hydroxides of alkali and alkaline earth metal (e.g. KOH, NaOH),
ammonium, substituted
ammonium, and amines such as amino alcohols (e.g., 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-
propanediol, diethanolamine,
and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol. This percentage of the total monomers
utilized which are neutralized
acid group-containing monomers is referred to herein as the "degree of
neutralization." The degree of
neutralization will preferably not exceed 98%.
Hydrogel forming polymeric gelling agents suitable for use herein are well
known in the art, and
are described, for example, in U. S. Patent 4,076,663, Masuda et al., issued
February 28, 1978; U. S. Patent
4,062,817, Westerman, issued December 13, 1977; U. S. Patent 4,286,082,
Tsubakimoto et al., issued
August 25, 1981; U. S. Patent 5,061,259, Goldman et al., issued October 29,
1991, and U. S. Patent
4,654,039, Brandt et al., issued March 31, 1987 each of which is incorporated
herein in its entirety.
Hydrogel forming polymeric gelling agents suitable for use herein are also
described in U. S.
Patent 4,731,067, Le-Khac, issued March 15, 1988, U. S. Patent 4,743,244, Le-
Khac, issued May 10, 1988,
U. S. Patent 4,813,945, Le-Khac, issued March 21, 1989, U. S. Patent
4,880,868, Le-Khac, issued
November 14, 1989, U. S. Patent 4,892,533, Le-Khac, issued January 9, 1990, U.
S. Patent 5,026,784, Le-
Khac, issued June 25, 1991, U. S. Patent 5,079,306, Le-Khac, issued January 7,
1992, U. S. Patent
5,151,465, Le-Khac, issued September 29, 1992, U. S. Patent 4,861,539, Allen,
Farrer, and Flesher, issued
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August 29, 1989, and U. S. Patent 4,962,172, Allen, Farrer, and Flesher,
issued October 9, 1990, each of
which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Suitable hydrogel forming polymeric gelling agents in the form of particles
are commercially
available from Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Portsmouth, VA, USA (SanwetT""
Superabsorbent Polymers)
Nippon Shokubai, Japan (AqualicT"", e.g., L-75, L-76) and Dow Chemical
Company, Midland, MI, USA
(Dry TechT"').
Hydrogel forming polymeric gelling agents in the form of fibers are
commercially available from
Camelot Technologies Inc., Leominster, MA, USA (FibersorbT"", e.g., SA 7200H,
SA 7200M, SA 7000L,
SA 7000, and SA 7300).
The articles of the present invention may also contain other hydrophilic
gelling agents. These
include carboxylic acid-containing polymers as otherwise described above,
except which have relatively
lower degrees of crosslinking, such that they exhibit a Tg below 140°C,
as well as a variety of other water
soluble or colloidally water soluble polymers, such as cellulose ethers (e.g.
hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl
cellulose, hydroxy propylmethyl cellulose), polyvinylpyrrolidone,
polyvinylalcohol, guar gum,
hydroxypropyl guar gum and xanthan gum. Preferred among these additional
hydrophilic gelling agents
are the acid-containing polymers, particularly carboxylic acid-containing
polymers. Especially preferred
are those that comprise water-soluble polymer of acrylic acid crosslinked with
a polyalkenyl polyether of a
polyhydric alcohol, and optionally an acrylate ester or a polyfunctional
vinylidene monomer.
Preferred copolymers useful in the present invention are polymers of a
monomeric mixture
containing 95 to 99 weight percent of an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic
monomer selected from the
group consisting of acrylic, methacrylic and ethacrylic acids; about 1 to
about 3.5 weight percent of an
acrylate ester of the formula:
R1 O
CHZ=C-C-O-R
wherein R is an alkyl radical containing 10 to 30 carbon atoms and R1 is
hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; and
0.1 to 0.6 weight percent of a polymerizable cross-linking polyalkenyl
polyether of a polyhydric alcohol
containing more than one alkenyl ether group per molecule wherein the parent
polyhydric alcohol contains
at least 3 carbon atoms and at least 3 hydroxyl groups.
Preferably, these polymers contain from about 96 to about 97.9 weight percent
of acrylic acid and
from about 2.5 to about 3.5 weight percent of acrylic esters wherein the alkyl
group contains 12 to 22
carbon atoms, and R1 is methyl, most preferably the acrylate ester is stearyl
methacrylate. Preferably, the
amount of crosslinking polyalkenyl polyether monomer is from about 0.2 to 0.4
weight percent. The
preferred crosslinking polyalkenyl polyether monomers are allyl
pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane
diallylether or allyl sucrose. These polymers are fully described in U. S.
Patent No. 4,509,949, to Huang et
al., issued April 5, 1985, this patent being incorporated herein by reference.
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Other preferred copolymers useful in the present invention are the polymers
which contain at least
two rnonomeric ingredients, one being a monomeric olefinically-unsaturated
carboxylic acid, and the other
being a polyalkenyl, polyether of a polyhydric alcohol. Additional monomeric
materials may be present in
the monomeric mixture if desired, even in predominant proportion.
The first monomeric ingredient useful in the production of these carboxylic
polymers are the
olefinically-unsaturated carboxylic acids containing at least one activated
carbon-to-carbon olefinic double
bond, and at least one carboxyl group. The preferred carboxylic monomers are
the acrylic acids having the
general structure
R2
I
CH2=C-COON
wherein R2 is a substituent selected from the class consisting of hydrogen,
halogen, and the cyanogen
(-C=N) groups, monovalent alkyl radicals, monovalent alkaryl radicals and
monovalent cycloaliphatic
radicals. Of this class, acrylic, methacrylic, and ethacrylic acid are most
preferred. Another useful
carboxylic monomer is malefic anhydride or the acid. The amount of acid used
will be from about 95.5 to
about 98.9 weight percent.
The second monomeric ingredient useful in the production of these carboxylic
polymers are the
polyalkenyl polyethers having more than one alkenyl ether grouping per
molecule, such as alkenyl groups
in which an olefinic double bond is present attached to a terminal methylene
grouping, CH2=C<.
The additional monomeric materials which may be present in the polymers
include polyfunctional
vinylidene monomers containing at least two terminal CH2< groups, including
for example, butadiene,
isoprene, divinyl benzene, divinyl naphthlene, allyl acrylates, and the like.
These polymers are fully
described in U. S. Patent No. 2,798,053, to Brown, issued July 2, 1957, which
is incorporated herein by
reference in its entirety.
Examples of carboxylic acid copolymers useful in the present invention include
Carbomer 934,
Carbomer 941, Carbomer 950, Carbomer 951, Carbomer 954, Carbomer 980, Carbomer
981, Carbomer
1342, acrylates/C10-30 alkyl acrylate cross polymer (available as Carbopol
934, Carbopol 941, Carbopol
950, Carbopol 951, Carbopol 954, Carbopol 980, Carbopol 981, Carbopol 1342,
and the Pemulen series,
respectively, from B. F. Goodrich).
Other carboxylic acid copolymers useful in the present invention include
sodium salts of acrylic
acid/acrylamide copolymers sold by the Hoechst Celanese Corporation under the
trademark of Hostaceren
PN73. Also included are the hydrogel polymers sold by Lipo Chemicals Inc.
under the trademark of
HYPAN hydrogels. These hydrogels consist of crystalline plicks of nitrates on
a C-C backbone with
various other pendant groups such as carboxyls, amides, and amidines. An
example would include
HYPAN SA 100 H, a polymer powder available from Lipo Chemical.
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Neutralizing agents for use in neutralizing the acidic groups of these
polymers include those
previously described.
Hydrophobic Conditioning Agents
The articles of the present invention may comprise one or more hydrophobic
conditioning agents
which are useful for providing a conditioning benefit to the skin or hair
during the use of the article. The
articles of present invention preferably comprise from about 0.5% to about
1,000%, more preferably from
about 1 % to about 200%, and most preferably from about 25% to about 100%, by
weight of the water
insoluble substrate, of a hydrophobic conditioning agent.
The hydrophobic conditioning agent may be selected from one or more
hydrophobic conditioning
agents such that the weighted arithmetic mean solubility parameter of the
hydrophobic conditioning agent
is less than or equal to 10.5. It is recognized, based on this mathematical
definition of solubility
parameters, that it is possible, for example, to achieve the required weighted
arithmetic mean solubility
parameter, i.e., less than or equal to 10.5, for a hydrophobic conditioning
agent comprising two or more
compounds if one of the compounds has an individual solubility parameter
greater than 10.5.
Solubility parameters are well known to the formulation chemist of ordinary
skill in the art and are
routinely used as a guide for determining compatibility's and solubilities of
materials in the formulation
process.
The solubility parameter of a chemical compound, 8, is defined as the square
root of the cohesive
energy density for that compound. Typically, a solubility parameter for a
compound is calculated from
tabulated values of the additive group contributions for the heat of
vaporization and molar volume of the
components of that compound, using the following equation:
1/2
~ Ei
i
s -
~ mi
i
wherein Ei Ei = the sum of the heat of vaporization additive group
contributions, and
~ m = the sum of the molar volume additive group contributions
i i
Standard tabulations of heat of vaporization and molar volume additive group
contributions for a wide
variety of atoms and groups of atoms are collected in Barton, A.F.M. Handbook
of Solubiliy Parameters,
CRC Press, Chapter 6, Table 3, pp. 64-66 (1985), which is incorporated by
reference herein in its entirety.
The above solubility parameter equation is described in Fedors, R.F., "A
Method for Estimating Both the
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Solubility Parameters and Molar Volumes of Liquids", Polymer Engineering and
Science, vol. 14, no. 2,
pp. 147-154 (February 1974), which is incorporated by reference herein in its
entirety.
Solubility parameters obey the law of mixtures such that the solubility
parameter for a mixture of
materials is given by the weighted arithmetic mean (i.e. the weighted average)
of the solubility parameters
for each component of that mixture. See, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics,
57th edition, CRC Press, p.
C-726 (1976-1977), which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
Formulation chemists typically report and use solubility parameters in units
of (cal/cm3)1/2. The
tabulated values of additive group contributions for heat of vaporization in
the Handbook of Solubility
Parameters are reported in units of kJ/mol. However, these tabulated heat of
vaporization values are readily
converted to cal/mol using the following well-known relationships:
1 J/mol = 0.239006 cal/mol and 1000 J = 1 kJ.
See Gordon, A.J. et al., The Chemist's Companion, John Wiley & Sons, pp. 456-
463, (1972), which is
incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
Solubility parameters have also been tabulated for a wide variety of chemical
materials.
Tabulations of solubility parameters are found in the above-cited Handbook of
Solubility Parameters.
Also, see "Solubility Effects In Product, Package, Penetration, And
Preservation", C.D. Vaughan,
Cosmetics and Toiletries, vol. 103, October 1988, pp. 47-69, which is
incorporated by reference herein in
its entirety.
Nonlimiting examples of hydrophobic conditioning agents include those selected
from the group
consisting of mineral oil, petrolatum, lecithin, hydrogenated lecithin,
lanolin, lanolin derivatives, C7-C40
branched chain hydrocarbons, C1-C30 alcohol esters of C1-C30 carboxylic acids,
C1-C30 alcohol esters of
C2-C30 dicarboxylic acids, monoglycerides of CI-C30 carboxylic acids,
diglycerides of Cl-C30
carboxylic acids, triglycerides of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, ethylene glycol
monoesters of C1-C30
carboxylic acids, ethylene glycol diesters of C1-C30 carboxylic acids,
propylene glycol monoesters of C1
C30 carboxylic acids, propylene glycol diesters of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, C1-
C30 carboxylic acid
monoesters and polyesters of sugars, polydialkylsiloxanes,
polydiarylsiloxanes, polyalkarylsiloxanes,
cylcomethicones having 3 to 9 silicon atoms, vegetable oils, hydrogenated
vegetable oils, polypropylene
glycol C4-C20 alkyl ethers, di C8-C30 alkyl ethers, and combinations thereof.
Mineral oil, which is also known as petrolatum liquid, is a mixture of liquid
hydrocarbons
obtained from petroleum. See The Merck Index, Tenth Edition, Entry 7048, p.
1033 (1983) and
International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary, Fifth Edition, vol. 1, p.415-417
(1993), which are
incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
Petrolatum, which is also known as petroleum jelly, is a colloidal system of
nonstraight-chain
solid hydrocarbons and high-boiling liquid hydrocarbons, in which most of the
liquid hydrocarbons are
held inside the micelles. See The Merck Index, Tenth Edition, Entry 7047, p.
1033 (1983); Schindler,
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WO 01/35905 PCT/US00/31679
Drug. Cosmet. Ind., 89, 36-37, 76, 78-80, 82 ( 1961 ); and International
Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary,
Fifth Edition, vol. 1, p. 537 (1993), which are incorporated by reference
herein in their entirety.
Lecithin is also useful as a hydrophobic conditioning agent. It is a naturally
occurring mixture of
the diglycerides of certain fatty acids, linked to the choline ester of
phosphoric acid.
Straight and branched chain hydrocarbons having from about 7 to about 40
carbon atoms are
useful herein. Nonlimiting examples of these hydrocarbon materials include
dodecane, isododecane,
squalane, cholesterol, hydrogenated polyisobutylene, docosane (i.e. a C22
hydrocarbon), hexadecane,
isohexadecane (a commercially available hydrocarbon sold as Permethyl~ IOlA by
Presperse, South
Plainfield, NJ). Also useful are the C7-C40 isoparaffins, which are C7-C40
branched hydrocarbons.
Polydecene, a branched liquid hydrocarbon, is also useful herein and is
commercially available under the
tradenames Puresyn 100~ and Puresyn 3000~ from Mobile Chemical (Edison, NJ).
Also useful are C1-C30 alcohol esters of C1-C30 carboxylic acids and of C2-C30
dicarboxylic
acids, including straight and branched chain materials as well as aromatic
derivatives. Also useful are
esters such as monoglycerides of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, diglycerides of C1-
C30 carboxylic acids,
triglycerides of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, ethylene glycol monoesters of C1-C30
carboxylic acids, ethylene
glycol diesters of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, propylene glycol monoesters of C1-
C30 carboxylic acids, and
propylene glycol diesters of C1-C30 carboxylic acids. Straight chain, branched
chain and aryl carboxylic
acids are included herein. Also useful are propoxylated and ethoxylated
derivatives of these materials.
Nonlimiting examples include diisopropyl sebacate, diisopropyl adipate,
isopropyl myristate, isopropyl
palmitate, myristyl propionate, ethylene glycol distearate, 2-ethylhexyl
palmitate, isodecyl neopentanoate,
di-2-ethylhexyl maleate, cetyl palmitate, myristyl myristate, stearyl
stearate, cetyl stearate, behenyl
behenrate, dioctyl maleate, dioctyl sebacate, diisopropyl adipate, cetyl
octanoate, diisopropyl dilinoleate,
carpylic/capric triglyceride, PEG-6 caprylic/capric triglyceride, PEG-8
capryliclcapric triglyceride, and
combinations thereof.
Also useful are various C1-C30 monoesters and polyesters of sugars and related
materials. These
esters are derived from a sugar or polyol moiety and one or more carboxylic
acid moieties. Depending on
the constituent acid and sugar, these esters can be in either liquid or solid
form at room temperature.
Examples of liquid esters include: glucose tetraoleate, the glucose
tetraesters of soybean oil fatty acids
(unsaturated), the mannose tetraesters of mixed soybean oil fatty acids, the
galactose tetraesters of oleic
acid, the arabinose tetraesters of linoleic acid, xylose tetralinoleate,
galactose pentaoleate, sorbitol
tetraoleate, the sorbitol hexaesters of unsaturated soybean oil fatty acids,
xylitol pentaoleate, sucrose
tetraoleate, sucrose pentaoletate, sucrose hexaoleate, sucrose hepatoleate,
sucrose octaoleate, and mixtures
thereof. Examples of solid esters include: sorbitol hexaester in which the
carboxylic acid ester moieties are
palmitoleate and arachidate in a 1:2 molar ratio; the octaester of raffinose
in which the carboxylic acid ester
moieties are linoleate and behenate in a 1:3 molar ratio; the heptaester of
maltose wherein the esterifying
carboxylic acid moieties are sunflower seed oil fatty acids and lignocerate in
a 3:4 molar ratio; the octaester
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of sucrose wherein the esterifying carboxylic acid moieties are oleate and
behenate in a 2:6 molar ratio; and
the octaester of sucrose wherein the esterifying carboxylic acid moieties are
laurate, linoleate and behenate
in a 1:3:4 molar ratio. A preferred solid material is sucrose polyester in
which the degree of esterification is
7-8, and in which the fatty acid moieties are C18 mono- and/or di-unsaturated
and behenic, in a molar ratio
of unsaturates: behenic of 1:7 to 3:5. A particularly preferred solid sugar
polyester is the octaester of
sucrose in which there are about 7 behenic fatty acid moieties and about 1
oleic acid moiety in the
molecule. Other materials include cottonseed oil or soybean oil fatty acid
esters of sucrose. The ester
materials are further described in, U. S. Patent No. 2,831,854, U. S. Patent
No. 4,005,196, to Jandacek,
issued January 25, 1977; U. S. Patent No. 4,005,195, to Jandacek, issued
January 25, 1977, U. S. Patent
No. 5,306,516, to Letton et al., issued April 26, 1994; U. S. Patent No.
5,306,515, to Letton et al., issued
April 26, 1994; U. S. Patent No. 5,305,514, to Letton et al., issued April 26,
1994; U. S. Patent No.
4,797,300, to Jandacek et al., issued January 10, 1989; U. S. Patent No.
3,963,699, to Rizzi et al, issued
June 15, 1976; U. S. Patent No. 4,518,772, to Volpenhein, issued May 21, 1985;
and U. S. Patent No.
4,517,360, to Volpenhein, issued May 21, 1985; each of which is incorporated
by reference herein in its
entirety.
Nonvolatile silicones such as polydialkylsiloxanes, polydiarylsiloxanes, and
polyalkarylsiloxanes
are also useful oils. These silicones are disclosed in U. S. Patent No.
5,069,897, to Orr, issued December 3,
1991, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. The
polyalkylsiloxanes correspond to the
general chemical formula R3Si0[R2Si0]xSiR3 wherein R is an alkyl group
(preferably R is methyl or
ethyl, more preferably methyl) and x is an integer up to about 500, chosen to
achieve the desired molecular
weight. Commercially available polyalkylsiloxanes include the
polydimethylsiloxanes, which are also
known as dimethicones, nonlimiting examples of which include the Vicasil~
series sold by General
Electric Company and the Dow Corning~ 200 series sold by Dow Corning
Corporation. Specific
examples of polydimethylsiloxanes useful herein include Dow Corning~ 225 fluid
having a viscosity of
10 centistokes and a boiling point greater than 200°C, and Dow Corning~
200 fluids having viscosities of
50, 350, and 12,500 centistokes, respectively, and boiling points greater than
200°C. Also useful are
materials such as trimethylsiloxysilicate, which is a polymeric material
corresponding to the general
chemical formula [(CH2)3Si01/2]x[Si02]y, wherein x is an integer from about 1
to about 500 and y is an
integer from about I to about 500. A commercially available
trimethylsiloxysilicate is sold as a mixture
with dimethicone as Dow Corning~ 593 fluid. Also useful herein are
dimethiconols, which are hydroxy
terminated dimethyl silicones. These materials can be represented by the
general chemical formulas
R3Si0[R2Si0]xSiR20H and HOR2Si0[R2Si0]xSiR20H wherein R is an alkyl group
(preferably R is
methyl or ethyl, more preferably methyl) and x is an integer up to about 500,
chosen to achieve the desired
molecular weight. Commercially available dimethiconols are typically sold as
mixtures with dimethicone
or cyclomethicone (e.g. Dow Corning~ 1401, 1402, and 1403 fluids). Also useful
herein are polyalkylaryl
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siloxanes, with polymethylphenyl siloxanes having viscosities from about 15 to
about 65 centistokes at
25°C being preferred. These materials are available, for example, as SF
1075 methylphenyl fluid (sold by
General Electric Company) and 556 Cosmetic Grade phenyl trimethicone fluid
(sold by Dow Corning
Corporation). Alkylated silicones such as methyldecyl silicone and methyloctyl
silicone are useful herein
and are commercially available from General Electric Company. Also useful
herein are alkyl modified
siloxanes such as alkyl methicones and alkyl dimethicones wherein the alkyl
chain contains 10 to 50
carbons. Such siloxanes are commercially available under the tradenames ABIL
WAX 9810 (C24-Cz8 alkyl
methicone) (sold by Goldschmidt) and SF1632 (cetearyl methicone)(sold by
General Electric Company).
Vegetable oils and hydrogenated vegetable oils are also useful herein.
Examples of vegetable oils
and hydrogenated vegetable oils include safflower oil, castor oil, coconut
oil, cottonseed oil, menhaden oil,
palm kernel oil, palm oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, linseed oil,
rice bran oil, pine oil, sesame oil,
sunflower seed oil, hydrogenated safflower oil, hydrogenated castor oil,
hydrogenated coconut oil,
hydrogenated cottonseed oil, hydrogenated menhaden oil, hydrogenated palm
kernel oil, hydrogenated
palm oil, hydrogenated peanut oil, hydrogenated soybean oil, hydrogenated
rapeseed oil, hydrogenated
linseed oil, hydrogenated rice bran oil, hydrogenated sesame oil, hydrogenated
sunflower seed oil, and
mixtures thereof.
Also useful are C4-C20 alkyl ethers of polypropylene glycols, C1-C20
carboxylic acid esters of
polypropylene glycols, and di-C8-C30 alkyl ethers. Nonlimiting examples of
these materials include PPG-
14 butyl ether, PPG-15 stearyl ether, dioctyl ether, dodecyl octyl ether, and
mixtures thereof.
Hydrophilic Conditionin~gents
The articles of the present invention may optionally comprise one or more
hydrophilic
conditioning agents. Nonlimiting examples of hydrophilic conditioning agents
include those selected from
the group consisting of polyhydric alcohols, polypropylene glycols,
polyethylene glycols, ureas, pyrolidone
carboxylic acids, ethoxylated and/or propoxylated C3-C6 diols and triols,
alpha-hydroxy C2-C6 carboxylic
acids, ethoxylated and/or propoxylated sugars, polyacrylic acid copolymers,
sugars having up to about 12
carbons atoms, sugar alcohols having up to about 12 carbon atoms, and mixtures
thereof. Specific
examples of useful hydrophilic conditioning agents include materials such as
urea; guanidine; glycolic acid
and glycolate salts (e.g., ammonium and quaternary alkyl ammonium); lactic
acid and lactate salts (e.g.,
ammonium and quaternary alkyl ammonium); sucrose, fructose, glucose,
eruthrose, erythritol, sorbitol,
mannitol, glycerol, hexanetriol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene
glycol, and the like;
polyethylene glycols such as PEG-2, PEG-3, PEG-30, PEG-50, polypropylene
glycols such as PPG-9,
PPG-12, PPG-15, PPG-17, PPG-20, PPG-26, PPG-30, PPG-34; alkoxylated glucose;
hyaluronic acid;
cationic skin conditioning polymers (e.g., quaternary ammonium polymers such
as Polyquaternium
polymers); and mixtures thereof. Glycerol, in particular, is a preferred
hydrophilic conditioning agent in
the articles of the present invention. Also useful are materials such as aloe
vera in any of its variety of
forms (e.g., aloe vera gel), chitosan and chitosan derivatives, e.g., chitosan
lactate, lactamide
monoethanolamine; acetamide monoethanolamine; and mixtures thereof. Also
useful are propoxylated
CA 02391032 2002-05-09
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glycerols as described in propoxylated glycerols described in U. S. Patent No.
4,976,953, to Orr et al.,
issued December 11, 1990, which is incorporated by reference herein in its
entirety.
When the therapeutic benefit component comprises such conditioning agents, the
benefit
component may be made to include a variety of forms in addition to the
coacervate that is formed when the
article is exposed to water. In one embodiment of the present invention, the
conditioning agents are in the
form of an emulsion. For instance, oil-in-water, water-in-oil, water-in-oil-in-
water, and oil-in-water-in-
silicone emulsions are useful herein. As used in the context of emulsions,
"water" may refer not only to
water but also water soluble or water miscible agents like glycerin.
In one embodiment, the conditioning agents comprise an emulsion which further
comprises an
aqueous phase and an oil phase. As will be understood by the skilled artisan,
a given component will
distribute primarily into either the aqueous or oil phase, depending on the
water solubility/dispersibility of
the therapeutic benefit agent in the component. In one embodiment, the oil
phase comprises one or more
hydrophobic conditioning agents. In another embodiment, the aqueous phase
comprises one or more
hydrophilic conditioning agents.
When the conditioning agents of the therapeutic benefit are emulsion form, the
emulsion generally
contains an aqueous phase and an oil or lipid phase. Suitable oils or lipids
may be derived from animals,
plants, or petroleum and may be natural or synthetic (i.e., man-made). Such
oils are discussed above in the
Hydrophobic Conditioning Agents section. Additionally, preferred emulsions
also contain a hydrophilic
conditioning agent such as glycerin such that a glycerin-in-oil emulsion
results.
Therapeutic benefit component which contains an emulsion will preferably
further contain from
about 1% to about 10%, more preferably from about 2% to about 5%, of an
emulsifier, based on the weight
of therapeutic benefit component. Emulsifiers may be nonionic, anionic or
cationic. Suitable emulsifiers
are disclosed in, for example, U.S. Patent 3,755,560, issued August 28, 1973,
Dickert et al.; U.S. Patent
4,421,769, issued December 20, 1983, Dixon et al.; and McCutcheon's Detergents
and Emulsifiers, North
American Edition, pages 317-324 ( 1986). Therapeutic benefit components in
emulsion form may also
contain an anti-foaming agent to minimize foaming upon application to the
skin. Anti-foaming agents
include high molecular weight silicones and other materials well known in the
art for such use.
The therapeutic benefit component may also be in the form of a microemulsion.
As used herein,
"microemulsion" refers to thermodynamic stable mixtures of two immiscible
solvents (one apolar and the
other polar) stabilized by an amphiphilic molecule, a surfactant. Preferred
microemulsions include water
in-oil microemulsions.
Cleansing Component
The articles of the present invention may optionally comprise a cleansing
component which
further comprises one or more surfactants. The cleansing component is disposed
adjacent to the nonwoven
layer of the water insoluble substrate. The articles of the present invention
comprise from about 10% to
about 1,000%, preferably from about 50% to about 600%, and more preferably
from about 100% to about
250%, based on the weight of the water insoluble substrate, of the surfactant.
Also, the articles of the
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present invention preferably comprise at least about 1 gram, by weight of the
water insoluble substrate, of a
surfactant. Thus, the cleansing component may be added to the substrate
without requiring a drying
process.
The surfactants of the cleansing component are preferably lathering
surfactants. As used herein,
"lathering surfactant" means a surfactant, which when combined with water and
mechanically agitated
generates a foam or lather. Such surfactants are preferred since increased
lather is important to consumers
as an indication of cleansing effectiveness. In certain embodiments, the
surfactants or combinations of
surfactants are mild. As used herein, "mild" means that the surfactants as
well as to the articles of the
present invention demonstrate skin mildness at least milder than common bar
soap matrices which typically
comprise a combination of natural soap and synthetic surfactant (e.g., Lever
2000~ and Zest~). Methods
for measuring mildness, or inversely the irritancy, of surfactant containing
articles, are based on a skin
barrier destruction test. In this test, the milder the surfactant, the lesser
the skin barrier is destroyed. Skin
barrier destruction is measured by the relative amount of radio-labeled
(tritium labeled) water (3H-H20)
which passes from the test solution through the skin epidermis into the
physiological buffer contained in
the diffusate chamber. This test is described by T.J. Franz in the J. Invest.
Dermatol., 1975, 64, pp. 190-
195; and in U. S. Patent No. 4,673,525, to Small et al., issued June 16, 1987,
which are both incorporated
by reference herein in their entirety. Other testing methodologies for
determining surfactant mildness well
known to one skilled in the art can also be used.
A wide variety of lathering surfactants are useful herein and include those
selected from the group
consisting of anionic lathering surfactants, nonionic lathering surfactants,
cationic lathering surfactants,
amphoteric lathering surfactants, and mixtures thereof.
Anionic Lathering Surfactants
Nonlimiting examples of anionic lathering surfactants useful in the
compositions of the present
invention are disclosed in McCutcheon's, Detergents and Emulsifiers, North
American edition (1986),
published by Allured Publishing Corporation; McCutcheon's, Functional
Materials, North American
Edition ( 1992); and U. S. Patent No. 3,929,678, to Laughlin et al., issued
December 30, 1975, each of
which is incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
A wide variety of anionic surfactants are potentially useful herein.
Nonlimiting examples of
anionic lathering surfactants include those selected from the group consisting
of alkyl and alkyl ether
sulfates, sulfated monoglycerides, sulfonated olefins, alkyl aryl sulfonates,
primary or secondary alkane
sulfonates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, acyl taurates, acyl isethionates, alkyl
glycerylether sulfonate, sulfonated
methyl esters, sulfonated fatty acids, alkyl phosphates, acyl glutamates, acyl
sarcosinates, alkyl
sulfoacetates, acylated peptides, alkyl ether carboxylates, acyl lactylates,
anionic fluorosurfactants, and
combinations thereof. Combinations of anionic surfactants can be used
effectively in the present invention.
Anionic surfactants for use in the cleansing component include alkyl and alkyl
ether sulfates.
These materials have the respective formulae R10-S03M and R1(CH2H40)x-O-S03M,
wherein R1 is a
saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl group from about 8 to
about 24 carbon atoms, x is 1
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to 10, and M is a water-soluble canon such as ammonium, sodium, potassium,
magnesium,
triethanolamine, diethanolamine and monoethanolamine. The alkyl sulfates are
typically made by the
sulfation of monohydric alcohols (having from about 8 to about 24 carbon
atoms) using sulfur trioxide or
other known sulfation technique. The alkyl ether sulfates are typically made
as condensation products of
ethylene oxide and monohydric alcohols (having from about 8 to about 24 carbon
atoms) and then sulfated.
These alcohols can be derived from fats, e.g., coconut oil or tallow, or can
be synthetic. Specific examples
of alkyl sulfates which may be used in the cleansing component are sodium,
ammonium, potassium,
magnesium, or TEA salts of lauryl or myristyl sulfate. Examples of alkyl ether
sulfates which may be used
include ammonium, sodium, magnesium, or TEA laureth-3 sulfate.
Another suitable class of anionic surfactants are the sulfated monoglycerides
of the form R1C0-
O-CH2-C(OH)H-CH2-O-S03M, wherein R1 is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or
unbranched alkyl
group from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, and M is a water-soluble cation
such as ammonium, sodium,
potassium, magnesium, triethanolamine, diethanolamine and monoethanolamine.
These are typically made
by the reaction of glycerin with fatty acids (having from about 8 to about 24
carbon atoms) to form a
monoglyceride and the subsequent sulfation of this monoglyceride with sulfur
trioxide. An example of a
sulfated monoglyceride is sodium cocomonoglyceride sulfate.
Other suitable anionic surfactants include olefin sulfonates of the form R1
S03M, wherein R1 is a
mono-olefin having from about 12 to about 24 carbon atoms, and M is a water-
soluble cation such as
ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, triethanolamine, diethanolamine and
monoethanolamine.
These compounds can be produced by the sulfonation of alpha olefins by means
of uncomplexed sulfur
trioxide, followed by neutralization of the acid reaction mixture in
conditions such that any sultones which
have been formed in the reaction are hydrolyzed to give the corresponding
hydroxyalkanesulfonate. An
example of a sulfonated olefin is sodium C14/C16 alpha olefin sulfonate.
Other suitable anionic surfactants are the linear alkylbenzene sulfonates of
the form R1-C6H4
S03M, wherein R1 is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl
group from about 8 to
about 24 carbon atoms, and M is a water-soluble cation such as ammonium,
sodium, potassium,
magnesium, triethanolamine, diethanolamine and monoethanolamine. These are
formed by the sulfonation
of linear alkyl benzene with sulfur trioxide. An example of this anionic
surfactant is sodium
dodecylbenzene sulfonate.
Still other anionic surfactants suitable for this cleansing component include
the primary or
secondary alkane sulfonates of the form RIS03M, wherein R1 is a saturated or
unsaturated, branched or
unbranched alkyl chain from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, and M is a water-
soluble cation such as
ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, triethanolamine, diethanolamine and
monoethanolamine.
These are commonly formed by the sulfonation of paraffins using sulfur dioxide
in the presence of chlorine
and ultraviolet light or another known sulfonation method. The sulfonation can
occur in either the
secondary or primary positions of the alkyl chain. An example of an alkane
sulfonate useful herein is
alkali metal or ammonium C 13-C 17 paraffin sulfonates.
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Still other suitable anionic surfactants are the alkyl sulfosuccinates, which
include disodium N-
octadecylsulfosuccinamate; diammonium lauryl sulfosuccinate; tetrasodium N-
(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-N-
octadecylsulfosuccinate; diamyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinic acid; dihexyl
ester of sodium sulfosuccinic
acid; and dioctyl esters of sodium sulfosuccinic acid.
Also useful are taurates which are based on taurine, which is also known as 2-
aminoethanesulfonic acid. Examples of taurates include N-alkyltaurines such as
the one prepared by
reacting dodecylamine with sodium isethionate as detailed in U.S. Patent No.
2,658,072 which is
incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Other examples based of
taurine include the acyl taurines
formed by the reaction of n-methyl taurine with fatty acids (having from about
8 to about 24 carbon
atoms).
Another class of anionic surfactants suitable for use in the cleansing
component are the acyl
isethionates. The acyl isethionates typically have the formula R1C0-O-
CH2CH2S03M wherein R1 is a
saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl group having from about
10 to about 30 carbon
atoms, and M is a cation. These are typically formed by the reaction of fatty
acids (having from about 8 to
about 30 carbon atoms) with an alkali metal isethionate. Nonlimiting examples
of these acyl isethionates
include ammonium cocoyl isethionate, sodium cocoyl isethionate, sodium lauroyl
isethionate, and mixtures
thereof.
Still other suitable anionic surfactants are the alkylglyceryl ether
sulfonates of the form RI-
OCH2-C(OH)H-CH2-S03M, wherein R1 is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or
unbranched alkyl
group from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, and M is a water-soluble cation
such as ammonium, sodium,
potassium, magnesium, triethanolamine, diethanolamine and monoethanolamine.
These can be formed by
the reaction of epichlorohydrin and sodium bisulfate with fatty alcohols
(having from about 8 to about 24
carbon atoms) or other known methods. One example is sodium cocoglyceryl ether
sulfonate.
Other suitable anionic surfactants include the sulfonated fatty acids of the
form R1-CH(S04)-
COOH and sulfonated methyl esters of the from R1-CH(S04)-CO-O-CH3, where RI is
a saturated or
unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl group from about 8 to about 24
carbon atoms. These can be
formed by the sulfonation of fatty acids or alkyl methyl esters (having from
about 8 to about 24 carbon
atoms) with sulfur trioxide or by another known sulfonation technique.
Examples include alpha
sulphonated coconut fatty acid and lauryl methyl ester.
Other anionic materials include phosphates such as monoalkyl, dialkyl, and
trialkylphosphate salts
formed by the reaction of phosphorous pentoxide with monohydric branched or
unbranched alcohols
having from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms. These could also be formed by
other known phosphation
methods. An example from this class of surfactants is sodium mono or
dilaurylphosphate.
Other anionic materials include acyl glutamates corresponding to the formula
R1C0-N(COOH)
CH2CH2-C02M wherein R1 is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched
alkyl or alkenyl group
of about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, and M is a water-soluble canon.
Nonlimiting examples of which
include sodium lauroyl glutamate and sodium cocoyl glutamate.
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Other anionic materials include alkanoyl sarcosinates corresponding to the
formula
R1CON(CH3)-CH2CH2-C02M wherein R1 is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or
unbranched alkyl or
alkenyl group of about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms, and M is a water-soluble
cation. Nonlimiting
examples of which include sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium cocoyl
sarcosinate, and ammonium lauroyl
sarcosinate.
Other anionic materials include alkyl ether carboxylates corresponding to the
formula R1-
(OCH2CH2)x-OCH2-C02M wherein R1 is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or
unbranched alkyl or
alkenyl group of about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, x is 1 to 10, and M is a
water-soluble cation.
Nonlimiting examples of which include sodium laureth carboxylate.
Other anionic materials include acyl lactylates corresponding to the formula
RICO-[O-CH(CH3)-
CO]x-C02M wherein RI is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched
alkyl or alkenyl group of
about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, x is 3, and M is a water-soluble canon.
Nonliiniting examples of which
include sodium cocoyl lactylate.
Other anionic materials include the carboxylates, nonlimiting examples of
which include sodium
lauroyl carboxylate, sodium cocoyl carboxylate, and ammonium lauroyl
carboxylate. Anionic
flourosurfactants can also be used.
Other anionic materials include natural soaps derived from the saponification
of vegetable and/or
animal fats & oils exmaples of which include sodium laurate, sodium myristate,
palmitate, stearate,
tallowate, cocoate.
Any counter cation, M, can be used on the anionic surfactant. Preferably, the
counter cation is
selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, ammonium,
monoethanolamine, diethanolamine,
and triethanolamine. More preferably, the counter cation is ammonium.
Nonionic Latherine Surfactants
Nonlimiting examples of nonionic lathering surfactants for use in the
compositions of the present
invention are disclosed in McCutcheon's, Detergents and Emulsifiers, North
American edition (1986),
published by allured Publishing Corporation; and McCutcheon's, Functional
Materials, North American
Edition ( 1992); both of which are incorporated by reference herein in their
entirety.
Nonionic lathering surfactants useful herein include those selected from the
group consisting of
alkyl glucosides, alkyl polyglucosides, polyhydroxy fatty acid amides,
alkoxylated fatty acid esters,
sucrose esters, amine oxides, and mixtures thereof.
Alkyl glucosides and alkyl polyglucosides are useful herein, and can be
broadly defined as
condensation products of long chain alcohols, e.g., C8-30 alcohols, with
sugars or starches or sugar or
starch polymers, i.e., glycosides or polyglycosides. These compounds can be
represented by the formula
(S)n-O-R wherein S is a sugar moiety such as glucose, fructose, mannose, and
galactose; n is an integer of
from about 1 to about 1000, and R is a C8-30 alkyl group. Examples of long
chain alcohols from which
the alkyl group can be derived include decyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl
alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl
alcohol, oleyl alcohol, and the like. Preferred examples of these surfactants
include those wherein S is a
CA 02391032 2002-05-09
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glucose moiety, R is a C8-20 alkyl group, and n is an integer of from about 1
to about 9. Commercially
available examples of these surfactants include decyl polyglucoside (available
as APG 325 CS from
Henkel) and lauryl polyglucoside (available as APG 600CS and 625 CS from
Henkel). Also useful are
sucrose ester surfactants such as sucrose cocoate and sucrose laurate.
Other useful nonionic surfactants include polyhydroxy fatty acid amide
surfactants, more specific
examples of which include glucosamides, corresponding to the structural
formula:
O R1
R2 C N Z
wherein: RI is H, C1-C4 alkyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxy- propyl, preferably
C1-C4 alkyl, more
preferably methyl or ethyl, most preferably methyl; R2 is C5-C31 alkyl or
alkenyl, preferably C7-C19
alkyl or alkenyl, more preferably C9-C17 alkyl or alkenyl, most preferably C11-
C15 alkyl or alkenyl; and
Z is a polhydroxyhydrocarbyl moiety having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with a
least 3 hydroxyls directly
connected to the chain, or an alkoxylated derivative (preferably ethoxylated
or propoxylated) thereof. Z
preferably is a sugar moiety selected from the group consisting of glucose,
fructose, maltose, lactose,
galactose, mannose, xylose, and mixtures thereof. An especially preferred
surfactant corresponding to the
above structure is coconut alkyl N-methyl glucoside amide (i.e., wherein the
R2C0- moiety is derived
from coconut oil fatty acids). Processes for making compositions containing
polyhydroxy fatty acid
amides are disclosed, for example, in G.B. Patent Specification 809,060,
published February 18, 1959, by
Thomas Hedley & Co., Ltd.; U. S. Patent No. 2,965,576, to E.R. Wilson, issued
December 20, 1960; U. S.
Patent No. 2,703,798, to A.M. Schwartz, issued March 8, 1955; and U. S. Patent
No. 1,985,424, to Piggott,
issued December 25, I 934; each of which are incorporated herein by reference
in their entirety.
Other examples of nonionic surfactants include amine oxides. Amine oxides
correspond to the
general formula R1R2R3N-~O, wherein R1 contains an alkyl, alkenyl or
monohydroxy alkyl radical of
from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, from 0 to about 10 ethylene oxide
moieties, and from 0 to about 1
glyceryl moiety, and R2 and R3 contain from about I to about 3 carbon atoms
and from 0 to about 1
hydroxy group, e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, hydroxyethyl, or hydroxypropyl
radicals. The arrow in the
formula is a conventional representation of a semipolar bond. Examples of
amine oxides suitable for use in
this invention include dimethyl-dodecylamine oxide, oleyldi(2-hydroxyethyl)
amine oxide,
dimethyloctylamine oxide, dimethyl-decylamine oxide, dimethyl-tetradecylamine
oxide, 3,6,9-
trioxaheptadecyldiethylamine oxide, di(2-hydroxyethyl)-tetradecylamine oxide,
2-
dodecoxyethyldimethylamine oxide, 3-dodecoxy-2-hydroxypropyldi(3-
hydroxypropyl)amine oxide,
dimethylhexadecylamine oxide.
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Nonlimiting examples of preferred nonionic surfactants for use herein are
those selected form the
group consisting of C8-C14 glucose amides, C8-C14 alkyl polyglucosides,
sucrose cocoate, sucrose
laurate, lauramine oxide, cocoamine oxide, and mixtures thereof.
Cationic Lathering Surfactants
Cationic lathering surfactants are also useful in the articles of the present
invention. Suitable
cationic lathering surfactants include, but are not limited to, fatty amines,
di-fatty quaternary amines, tri-
fatty quaternary amines, imidazolinium quaternary amines, and combinations
thereof. Suitable fatty
amines include monalkyl quaternary amines such as cetyltrimethylammonium
bromide. A suitable
quaternary amine is dialklamidoethyl hydroxyethylmonium methosulfate. The
fatty amines, however, are
preferred. It is preferred that a lather booster is used when the cationic
lathering surfactant is the primary
lathering surfactant of the cleansing component. Additionally, nonionic
surfactants have been found to be
particularly useful in combination with such cationic lathering surfactants.
Amphoteric Lathering Surfactants
The term "amphoteric lathering surfactant," as used herein, is also intended
to encompass
zwitterionic surfactants, which are well known to formulators skilled in the
art as a subset of amphoteric
surfactants.
A wide variety of amphoteric lathering surfactants can be used in the
compositions of the present
invention. Particularly useful are those which are broadly described as
derivatives of aliphatic secondary
and tertiary amines, preferably wherein the nitrogen is in a cationic state,
in which the aliphatic radicals can
be straight or branched chain and wherein one of the radicals contains an
ionizable water solubilizing
group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, er phosphonate.
Nonlimiting examples of amphoteric surfactants useful in the compositions of
the present
invention are disclosed in McCutcheon's, DeterQ~nts and Emulsifiers, North
American edition (1986),
published by allured Publishing Corporation; and McCutcheon's, Functional
Materials, North American
Edition ( 1992); both of which are incorporated by reference herein in their
entirety.
Nonlimiting examples of amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants are those
selected from the group
consisting of betaines, sultaines, hydroxysultaines, alkyliminoacetates,
iminodialkanoates,
aminoalkanoates, and mixtures thereof.
Examples of betaines include the higher alkyl betaines, such as coco dimethyl
carboxymethyl
betaine, lauryl dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl
alphacarboxyethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyl
carboxymethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyl betaine (available as Lonzaine 16SP from
Lonza Corp.), lauryl
bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) carboxymethyl betaine, oleyl dimethyl gamma-carboxypropyl
betaine, lauryl
bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)alpha-carboxyethyl betaine, coco dimethyl sulfopropyl
betaine, lauryl dimethyl
sulfoethyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) sulfopropyl betaine,
amidobetaines and amidosulfobetaines
(wherein the RCONH(CH2)3 radical is attached to the nitrogen atom of the
betaine), oleyl betaine
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(available as amphoteric Velvetex OLB-50 from Henkel), and cocamidopropyl
betaine (available as
Velvetex BK-35 and BA-35 from Henkel).
Examples of sultaines and hydroxysultaines include materials such as
cocamidopropyl
hydroxysultaine (available as Mirataine CBS from Rhone-Poulenc).
Preferred for use herein are amphoteric surfactants having the following
structure:
O R2
R'~-(C-NH-(CH2)m)n +N-R4-X
R3
wherein RI is unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched
chain alkyl having from about 9
to about 22 carbon atoms. Preferred R1 has from about 11 to about 18 carbon
atoms; more preferably from
about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms; more preferably still from about 14 to
about 18 carbon atoms; m is an
integer from 1 to about 3, more preferably from about 2 to about 3, and more
preferably about 3; n is either
0 or 1, preferably 1; R2 and R3 are independently selected from the group
consisting of alkyl having from
1 to about 3 carbon atoms, unsubstituted or mono-substituted with hydroxy,
preferred R2 and R3 are CH3;
X is selected from the group consisting of C02, S03 and S04; R4 is selected
from the group consisting of
saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain alkyl, unsubstituted or
monosubstituted with hydroxy,
having from 1 to about 5 carbon atoms. When X is C02, R4 preferably has I or 3
carbon atoms, more
preferably 1 carbon atom. When X is S03 or S04, R4 preferably has from about 2
to about 4 carbon
atoms, more preferably 3 carbon atoms.
Examples of amphoteric surfactants of the present invention include the
following compounds:
Cetyl dimethyl betaine (this material also has the CTFA designation cetyl
betaine)
C H3
C 16H33 ~ N-C H2-C 02
CH3
Cocamidopropylbetaine
+ ~ H3
R-C-NH-(CH2)3 N-CH2-C02
C Hg
wherein R has from about 9 to about 13 carbon atoms
Cocamidopropyl hydroxy sultaine
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~H3 QH
R-C-NH-(CH2~ ~N--CH2 ICH-CH2 S03
CHg
wherein R has from about 9 to about 13 carbon atoms,
Examples of other useful amphoteric surfactants are alkyliminoacetates, and
iminodialkanoates
and aminoalkanoates of the formulas RN[CH2)mC02M]2 and RNH(CH2)mC02M wherein m
is from 1 to
4, R is a Cg-C22 alkyl or alkenyl, and M is H, alkali metal, alkaline earth
metal ammonium, or
alkanolammonium. Also included are imidazolinium and ammonium derivatives.
Specific examples of
suitable amphoteric surfactants include sodium 3-dodecyl-aminopropionate,
sodium 3-dodecylamino-
propane sulfonate, N-higher alkyl aspartic acids such as those produced
according to the teaching of U. S.
Patent 2,438,091 which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety;
and the products sold under the
trade name "Miranol" and described in U. S. Patent 2,528,378, which is
incorporated herein by reference in
its entirety. Other examples of useful amphoterics include amphoteric
phosphates, such as coamidopropyl
PG-dimonium chloride phosphate (commercially available as Monaquat PTC, from
Mona Corp.). Also
useful are amphoacetates such as disodium lauroamphodiacetate, sodium
lauroamphoacetate, and mixtures
thereof.
I S Preferred lathering surfactants are selected from the group consisting of
anionic lathering
surfactants selected from the group consisting of ammonium lauroyl
sarcosinate, sodium trideceth sulfate,
sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, ammonium laureth sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate,
ammonium lauryl sulfate,
sodium lauryl sulfate, ammonium cocoyl isethionate, sodium cocoyl isethionate,
sodium lauroyl
isethionate, sodium cetyl sulfate, sodium monolauryl phospate, sodium
cocoglyceryl ether sulfonate,
sodium C~-Cz2 soap, and combinations thereof; nonionic lathering surfactants
selected from the group
consisting of lauramine oxide, cocoamine oxide, decyl polyglucose, lauryl
polyglucose, sucrose cocoate,
C12-14 glucosamides, sucrose laurate, and combinations thereof; cationic
lathering surfactants selected
from the group consisting of fatty amines, di-fatty quaternary amines, tri-
fatty quaternary amines,
imidazolinium quaternary amines, and combinations thereof; amphoteric
lathering surfactants selected
from the group consisting of disodium lauroamphodiacetate, sodium
lauroamphoacetate, cetyl dimethyl
betaine, cocoamidopropyl betaine, cocoamidopropyl hydroxy sultaine, and
combinations thereof.
Cationic Surfactants
Cationic surfactants are typically categorized as non-lathering surfactants
but may be used in the
articles of the present invention provided they do not negatively impact the
desired benefits of the articles.
Nonlimiting examples of cationic surfactants useful herein are disclosed in
McCutcheon's,
Detergents and Emulsifiers, North American edition (1986), published by
allured Publishing Corporation;
and McCutcheon's, Functional Materials, North American Edition (1992); both of
which are incorporated
by reference herein in their entirety.
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Nonlimiting examples of cationic surfactants useful herein include cationic
alkyl ammonium salts
such as those having the formula:
R1 R2 R3 R4 N+ X_
wherein R , is selected from an alkyl group having from about 12 to about 18
carbon atoms, or aromatic,
1
aryl or alkaryl groups having from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms; R , R ,
and R are independently
2 3 4
selected from hydrogen, an alkyl group having from about 1 to about 18 carbon
atoms, or aromatic, aryl or
alkaryl groups having from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms; and X is an
anion selected from chloride,
bromide, iodide, acetate, phosphate, nitrate, sulfate, methyl sulfate, ethyl
sulfate, tosylate, lactate, citrate,
glycolate, and mixtures thereof. Additionally, the alkyl groups can also
contain ether linkages, or hydroxy
or amino group substituents (e.g., the alkyl groups can contain polyethylene
glycol and polypropylene
glycol moieties).
More preferably, R1 is an alkyl group having from about 12 to about 18 carbon
atoms; R2 is
selected from H or an alkyl group having from about 1 to about 18 carbon
atoms; R3 and R4 are
independently selected from H or an alkyl group having from about 1 to about 3
carbon atoms; and X is as
described in the previous paragraph.
Most preferably, R1 is an alkyl group having from about 12 to about 18 carbon
atoms; R2, R3,
and R4 are selected from H or an alkyl group having from about 1 to about 3
carbon atoms; and X is as
described previously.
Alternatively, other useful cationic surfactants include amino-amides, wherein
in the above
structure R1 is alternatively RSCO-(CH2)n -, wherein R5 is an alkyl group
having from about 12 to about
22 carbon atoms, and n is an integer from about 2 to about 6, more preferably
from about 2 to about 4, and
most preferably from about 2 to about 3. Nonlimiting examples of these
cationic emulsifiers include
stearamidopropyl PG-dimonium chloride phosphate, stearamidopropyl
ethyldimonium ethosulfate,
stearamidopropyl dimethyl (myristyl acetate) ammonium chloride,
stearamidopropyl dimethyl cetearyl
ammonium tosylate, stearamidopropyl dimethyl ammonium chloride,
stearamidopropyl dimethyl
ammonium lactate, and mixtures thereof.
Nonlimiting examples of quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactants include
those selected
from the group consisting of cetyl ammonium chloride, cetyl ammonium bromide,
lauryl ammonium
chloride, lauryl ammonium bromide, stearyl ammonium chloride, stearyl ammonium
bromide, cetyl
dimethyl ammonium chloride, cetyl dimethyl ammonium bromide, lauryl dimethyl
ammonium chloride,
lauryl dimethyl ammonium bromide, stearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, stearyl
dimethyl ammonium
bromide, cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide,
lauryl trimethyl
ammonium chloride, lauryl trimethyl ammonium bromide, stearyl trimethyl
ammonium chloride, stearyl
trimethyl ammonium bromide, lauryl dimethyl ammonium chloride, stearyl
dimethyl cetyl ditallow
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dimethyl ammonium chloride, dicetyl ammonium chloride, dicetyl ammonium
bromide, dilauryl
ammonium chloride, dilauryl ammonium bromide, distearyl ammonium chloride,
distearyl ammonium
bromide, dicetyl methyl ammonium chloride, dicetyl methyl ammonium bromide,
dilauryl methyl
ammonium chloride, dilauryl methyl ammonium bromide, distearyl methyl ammonium
chloride, distearyl
dimethyl ammonium chloride, distearyl methyl ammonium bromide, and mixtures
thereof. Additional
quaternary ammonium salts include those wherein the C12 to C22 alkyl carbon
chain is derived from a
tallow fatty acid or from a coconut fatty acid. The term "tallow" refers to an
alkyl group derived from
tallow fatty acids (usually hydrogenated tallow fatty acids), which generally
have mixtures of alkyl chains
in the C 16 to C 18 range. The term "coconut" refers to an alkyl group derived
from a coconut fatty acid,
which generally have mixtures of alkyl chains in the C12 to C14 range.
Examples of quaternary
ammonium salts derived from these tallow and coconut sources include ditallow
dimethyl ammonium
chloride, ditallow dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, di(hydrogenated tallow)
dimethyl ammonium
chloride, di(hydrogenated tallow) dimethyl ammonium acetate, ditallow dipropyl
ammonium phosphate,
ditallow dimethyl ammonium nitrate, di(coconutalkyl)dimethyl ammonium
chloride,
di(coconutalkyl)dimethyl ammonium bromide, tallow ammonium chloride, coconut
ammonium chloride,
stearamidopropyl PG-dimonium chloride phosphate, stearamidopropyl
ethyldimonium ethosulfate,
stearamidopropyl dimethyl (myristyl acetate) ammonium chloride,
stearamidopropyl dimethyl cetearyl
ammonium tosylate, stearamidopropyl dimethyl ammonium chloride,
stearamidopropyl dimethyl
ammonium lactate, and mixtures thereof.
Preferred cationic surfactants useful herein include those selected from the
group consisting of
dilauryl dimethyl ammonium chloride, distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride,
dimyristyl dimethyl
ammonium chloride, dipalmityl dimethyl ammonium chloride, distearyl dimethyl
ammonium chloride, and
mixtures thereof.
Chelators
The articles of the present invention may also comprise a safe and effective
amount of a chelator
or chelating agent. As used herein, "chelator" or "chelating agent" means an
active agent capable of
removing a metal ion from a system by forming a complex so that the metal ion
cannot readily participate
in or catalyze chemical reactions. The inclusion of a chelating agent is
especially useful for providing
protection against UV radiation that can contribute to excessive scaling or
skin texture changes and against
other environmental agents, which can cause skin damage.
A safe and effective amount of a chelating agent may be added to the
compositions of the subject
invention, preferably from about 0.1 % to about 10%, more preferably from
about 1 % to about 5%, of the
composition. Exemplary chelators that are useful herein are disclosed in U.S.
Patent No. 5,487,884, issued
1/30/96 to Bissett et al.; International Publication No. 91/16035, Bush et
al., published 10/31/95; and
International Publication No. 91/16034, Bush et al., published 10/31/95.
Preferred chelators useful in
compositions of the subject invention are furildioxime and derivatives
thereof.
Flavonoids
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The articles of the present invention may optionally comprise a flavonoid
compound. Flavonoids
are broadly disclosed in U.S. Patents 5,686,082 and 5,686,367, both of which
are herein incorporated by
reference. Flavonoids suitable for use in the present invention are flavanones
selected from the group
consisting of unsubstituted flavanones, mono-substituted flavanones, and
mixtures thereof; chalcones
S selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted chalcones, mono-
substituted chalcones, di-substituted
chalcones, tri-substituted chalcones, and mixtures thereof; flavones selected
from the group consisting of
unsubstituted flavones, mono-substituted flavones, di-substituted flavones,
and mixtures thereof; one or
more isoflavones; coumarins selected from the group consisting of
unsubstituted coumarins, mono-
substituted coumarins, di-substituted coumarins, and mixtures thereof;
chromones selected from the group
consisting of unsubstituted chromones, mono-substituted chromones, di-
substituted chromones, and
mixtures thereof; one or more dicoumarols; one or more chromanones; one or
more chromanols; isomers
(e.g., cis/trans isomers) thereof; and mixtures thereof. By the term
"substituted" as used herein means
flavonoids wherein one or more hydrogen atom of the flavonoid has been
independently replaced with
hydroxyl, C1-C8 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxyl, O-glycoside, and the like or a mixture
of these substituents.
Examples of suitable flavonoids include, but are not limited to, unsubstituted
flavanone, mono-
hydroxy flavanones (e.g., 2'-hydroxy flavanone, 6-hydroxy flavanone, 7-hydroxy
flavanone, etc.), mono-
alkoxy flavanones (e.g., S-methoxy flavanone, 6-methoxy flavanone, 7-methoxy
flavanone, 4'-methoxy
flavanone, etc.), unsubstituted chalcone (especially unsubstituted trans-
chalcone), mono-hydroxy chalcones
(e.g., 2'-hydroxy chalcone, 4'-hydroxy chalcone, etc.), di-hydroxy chalcones
(e.g., 2', 4-dihydroxy
chalcone, 2',4'-dihydroxy chalcone, 2,2'-dihydroxy chalcone, 2',3-dihydroxy
chalcone, 2',5'-dihydroxy
chalcone, etc.), and tri-hydroxy chalcones (e.g., 2',3',4'-trihydroxy
chalcone, 4,2',4'-trihydroxy chalcone,
2,2',4'-trihydroxy chalcone, etc.), unsubstituted flavone, 7,2'-dihydroxy
flavone, 3',4'-dihydroxy
naphthoflavone, 4'-hydroxy flavone, 5,6-benzoflavone, and 7,8-benzoflavone,
unsubstituted isoflavone,
daidzein (7,4'-dihydroxy isoflavone), S,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy isoflavone, soy
isoflavones (a mixture
2S extracted from soy), unsubstituted coumarin, 4-hydroxy coumarin, 7-hydroxy
coumarin, 6-hydroxy-4-
methyl coumarin, unsubstituted chromone, 3-formyl chromone, 3-formyl-6-
isopropyl chromone,
unsubstituted dicoumarol, unsubstituted chromanone, unsubstituted chromanol,
and mixtures thereof.
Preferred for use herein are unsubstituted flavanone, methoxy flavanones,
unsubstituted chalcone,
2', 4-dihydroxy chalcone, and mixtures thereof. Most preferred are
unsubstituted flavanone, unsubstituted
chalcone (especially the trans isomer), and mixtures thereof.
They can be synthetic materials or obtained as extracts from natural sources
(e.g., plants). The
naturally sourced material can also further be derivatized (e.g., a glycoside,
an ester or an ether derivative
prepared following extraction from a natural source). Flavonoid compounds
useful herein are
commercially available from a number of sources, e.g., Indofine Chemical
Company, Inc. (Somerville,
New Jersey), Steraloids, Inc. (Wilton, New Hampshire), and Aldrich Chemical
Company, Inc. (Milwaukee,
Wisconsin).
Mixtures of the above flavonoid compounds may also be used.
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The herein described flavonoid compounds are preferably present in the instant
invention at
concentrations of from about 0.01% to about 20%, more preferably from about
0.1% to about 10%, and
most preferably from about 0.5% to about 5%.
Sterols
The articles of the present invention may comprise a safe and effective amount
of one or more
sterol compounds. Examples of useful sterol compounds include sitosterol,
stigmasterol, campesterol,
brassicasterol, lanosterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol, and mixtures thereof. These
can be synthetic in origin or
from natural sources, e.g., blends extracted from plant sources (e.g.,
phytosterols).
Anti-Cellulite Agents
The articles of the present invention may also comprise a safe and effective
amount of an anti-
cellulite agent. Suitable agents may include, but are not limited to, xanthine
compounds (e.g., caffeine,
theophylline, theobromine, and aminophylline).
Skin LiehteninQ Agents
The articles of the present invention may comprise a skin lightening agent.
When used, the
compositions preferably comprise from about 0.1 % to about 10%, more
preferably from about 0.2% to
about 5%, also preferably from about 0.5% to about 2%, by weight of the
composition, of a skin lightening
agent. Suitable skin lightening agents include those known in the art,
including kojic acid, arbutin, ascorbic
acid and derivatives thereof, e.g., magnesium ascorbyl phosphate or sodium
ascorbyl phosphate or other
salts of ascorbyl phosphate. Skin lightening agents suitable for use herein
also include those described in
copending patent application Serial No. 08/479,935, filed on June 7, 1995 in
the name of Hillebrand,
corresponding to PCT Application No. U.S. 95/07432, filed 6/12/95; and
copending patent application
Serial No. 08/390,152, filed on February 24, 1995 in the names of Kalla L.
Kvalnes, Mitchell A. DeLong,
Barton J. Bradbury, Curtis B. Motley, and John D. Carter, corresponding to PCT
Application No. U.S.
95/02809, filed 3/1/95, published 9/8/95.
Binders
The articles of the present invention may optionally comprise binders. Binders
or binding
materials are useful for sealing the various layers of the present articles to
one another thereby maintaining
the integrity of the article. The binders may be in a variety of forms
including, but not limited to, spray on,
webs, separate layers, binding fibers, etc. Suitable binders may comprise
latexes, polyamides, polyesters,
polyolefins and combinations thereof.
Additional Layers
In another embodiment, the article of the present invention may comprise one
or more additional
layers which one having ordinary skill in the art would recognize as separate
and distinct from nonwoven
layer yet which are attached to the nonwoven layer at some point. The
additional layers are suitable for
enhancing the overall grippability of the side of the article closest to the
hand or other means for exerting
mechanical action on the surface to be cleansed. Also, the additional layers
are suitable for enhancing the
soft feel of the side of the article which contacts the area to be cleansed.
In any instance, these additional
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layers may also be referred to as consecutively numbered layers in addition to
the two essential layers of
the articles of the present invention, e.g., third layer, fourth layer, etc..
Suitable additional layers may be macroscopically expanded. As used herein,
"macroscopically
expanded, refers to webs, ribbons, and films which have been caused to conform
to the surface of a three
s dimensional forming structure so that both surfaces thereof exhibit a three-
dimensional forming pattern of
surface aberrations corresponding to the macroscopic cross-section of the
forming structure, wherein the
surface aberrations comprising the pattern are individually discernible to the
normal naked eye (i.e., normal
naked eye having 20/20 vision) when the perpendicular distance between the
viewer's eye and the plane of
the web is about 12 inches.
As used herein, "embossed" it is meant that the forming structure of the
material exhibits a pattern
comprised primarily of male projections. On the other hand, "debossed" refers
to when the forming
structure of the material exhibits a pattern comprised primarily of female
capillary networks.
Preferred macroscopically expanded films comprise formed films which are
structural elastic-like
films. These films are described in U. S. Patent No. 5,554,145, issued
September 10, 1996, to Roe et al.,
which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
Materials suitable for use in the additional layer having a thickness of at
least one millimeter
include, but are not limited to, those web materials disclosed in U. S. Patent
No. 5,518,801, issued to
Chappell et al. on May 21, 1996, which is incorporated by reference herein in
its entirety.
METHODS OF MANUFACTURE
The personal care articles of the present invention are manufactured by adding
the therapeutic
benefit component to the appropriate sheet of the nonwoven layer via a
conventional method which may
include, but is not limited to, sprinkling, dip coating, spraying, slot
coating, and roll transfer (e.g., pressure
roll or kiss roll). The sheet of the remaining layer is then placed on the
sheet of the first layer, preferably,
but not always, over the therapeutic benefit component. The sheets are sealed
together by a conventional
sealing method which may include, but is not limited to, heat, pressure, glue,
ultrasound, etc. Heat sealing
devices vary in design, and where a seal may not be able to be effected an
interposing layer of a low-
melting heat-sealable fibrous web such as the polyamide fibrous web known as
Wonder Under
(manufactured by Pellon, available from H. Levinson & Co., Chicago, IL) may be
used between layers for
this and other examples without changing the effect or utility of the
articles. The sealed sheets are then
partitioned into units for the consumer's use. Optional manufacturing steps
may include calendaring to
flatten the article, drying, creping, shrinking, stretching, or otherwise
mechanically deforming.
METHODS OF CLEANSING AND DELIVERING A THERAPEUTIC OR AESTHETIC BENEFIT
AGENT TO THE SKIN OR HAIR
The present invention also relates to a method of cleansing the skin and/or
hair with a personal
care article of the present invention. These methods comprise the steps of: a)
wetting with a substantially
dry, disposable personal care article, said article comprising a water
insoluble substrate comprising a
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nonwoven layer; and a therapeutic benefit component, disposed adjacent to said
water insoluble substrate,
wherein said component comprises from about 10% to about 1000%, by weight of
the water insoluble
substrate, of a therapeutic benefit composition comprising a safe and
effective amount of a cationic
polymer and a safe and effective amount of an anionic surfactant, wherein said
composition forms a
coacervate when the article is exposed to water and b) contacting the skin or
hair with the wetted article.
The articles of the present invention are water-activated and are therefore
intended to be wetted
with water prior to use. As used herein, "water-activated" means that the
present invention is presented to
the consumer in dry form to be used after wetting with water. It is found that
when the articles of the
present invention include a lathering surfactant they produce a lather or are
"activated" upon contact with
water and further agitation. Accordingly, the article is wetted by immersion
in water or by placing it under
a stream of water. When the articles of the present invention comprise a
lathering surfactant, lather may be
generated from the article by mechanically agitating and/or deforming the
article either prior to or during
contact of the article with the skin or hair. The resulting lather is useful
for cleansing the skin or hair.
During the cleansing process and subsequent rinsing with water, any
therapeutic or aesthetic benefit agents
are deposited onto the skin or hair. Deposition of the therapeutic or
aesthetic benefit agents are enhanced
by the physical contact of the substrate with the skin or hair as well by the
inclusion of one or more
deposition aids.
EXAMPLES
The following examples further describe and demonstrate embodiments within the
scope of the
present invention. In the following examples, all ingredients are listed at an
active level. The examples are
given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not to be construed as
limitations of the present
invention, as many variations thereof are possible without departing from the
spirit and scope of the
invention.
Ingredients are identified by chemical or CTFA name.
I. Cleansing Components
Example 1
A representative powdery cleansing component for the articles of the present
invention is prepared
in the following manner.
Shave 40.0 gms of a bar soap which includes the following components:
Component Wt
Soap (Magnesium and Sodium) 80.16
W ater 11.50
Stearic Acid 5.70
NaCI 1.10
EDTA 0.25
Perfume 1.15
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Miscellaneous (including 0.14
pigments)
Total 100
Blend the bar soap flakes with sodium bicarbonate in a 90:10 weight ratio.
Mill the mixture twice
in a standard 3-roll mill. Collect the flakes and store in a suitable sealed
container.
Example 2
Prepare a representative cleansing component which includes the following
components.
Component Wt%
Decylpolyglucose 12.0
Cocamidopropyl betaine 12.0
Sodium lauroyl sarcosinate 12.0
Butylene glycol 3.6
PEG 14M 1.8
Polyquaternium-10 0.9
Dex panthenol 0.7
Phenoxyethanol 0:5
Benzyl alcohol 0.5
Methylparaben 0.45
Propylparaben 0.25
Disodium EDTA 0.2
Water 55.1
Example 3
Prepare a representative cleansing component which includes the following
components.
Component Wt%
Monosodium lauroyl glutamate 22.0
Cocamidopropyl betaine 2.0
Sodium chloride 1.0
Glycerin 2.5
Water 72.5
Heat the components together with gentle stirring until homogeneous.
II. Therapeutic Benefit Components
Example 4
Prepare a representative skin conditioning component by mixing the following
components.
Component Example
4
SEFA* Cottonate48.0
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SEFA* Behenate12.0
Petrolatum 10.0
Cholesterol 25.0
Ester
*SEFA is an acronym for sucrose esters of fatty acids
~Hamplex TNP, Hampshire Chemical Co.
Example 5
Prepare a representative conditioning component for the articles of the
present invention in the following
manner.
Component Example
5
Hydrophobic
Phase:
SEFA* cottonate15.5
SEFA* behenate 8.0
Tribehenin 6.0
Petrolatum 4.0
C10-C30 13.0
Cholesterol/Lanosterol
esters
PEG 30 3.0
dipolyhydroxystearate
3
Hydrophilic
Phase:
Glycerin 42.30
PVM/MA decadiene0.25
crosspolymer'
Sodium hydroxide0.25
(10% solution)
Active skin
care
ingredients:
Panthenol 2.50
Nicotinamide 2.50
Urea 2.50
Allantoin 0.20
* SEFA is an acronym for sucrose esters of fatty acids
Available as AMS-C30 from Dow Corning
2 Available as Abil WE-09 from Goldschmidt
47
Cocamidopropyl betaine 2.
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3 Available as Arlacel P135 from ICI
4 Available as Stabileze 06 from ISP
Process for all emulsions:
Heat the hydrophobic phase to 70°C, add the hydrophobic active skin
care ingredients, and stir
until homogenous. Premix the hydrophilic phase ingredients with the
hydrophilic active skin care
ingredients, heating gently if necessary to dissolve or disperse them. Add
these slowly to the hydrophobic
phase, continuing to stir. Homogenize (high shear mixer; ultrasonic
homogenizer; or high pressure
homogenizer such as Microfluidizer from Microfluidics Corp.). Apply
immediately to substrate surface or
cool rapidly to below room temperature in ice or ice water. Store in
controlled environment, under nitrogen
if needed for chemical stability.
Examples 6-I I
Prepare a representative conditioning component for the articles of the
present invention in the following
manner.
Part A Example Example Example ExampleExample Example
6 7 8
9 10 11
Sodium 15.0 6.51 6.20 5.9
lauroyl
ether
sulfate
ISLES,
add as 27%
active)
Cocamido- 13.5 5.85 5.57 5.82 5.19 5.3
propyl betaine~
Sodium 1.35 0.60 0.57 6.01 5.36 0.54
lauroyl
sarcosinate2
Decylpoly- 5.80 5.18
glucose3
Lauryl alcohol1.31 0.56 0.54 0.54
Polyethylene-7.87 3.38 3.22 2.64 2.36 3.2
imine
Citric acid0.32 0.11 0.11 0.09
(add as
50%
aqueous
solution)
Tetrasodium0.28
EDTA
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Sulfuric 5.4 2.37 2.25 2.2
acid
Preservative,0.62 0.45 0.43 2.86 2.55 0.3
fragrance
Sodium 7.9 3.47 3.21 3.0
sulfate
Glycerin 26.45 56.7 46.4 44.1 39.36 44.8
Sorbitol 5.0
SEFA* 12.8
cottonate
SEFA* 8.0
behenate i i ~ ~
L
Part B - Polymer gelling agents
Gelatin 4.2
Polyacryl- 7.5
amide and
isoparaffins
Polyurethane 34.1
latex in
50%
isopropanolb
Polyacrylate 7.5
copolymer'
Polystyrene 1.1
sulfonates
copolymers
Chitosan 5.4
lactate
Part C - Physical gelling agents
12-Hydroxy-10.0 10.66
stearic
acid
Stearyl 10.0 20.0 20.0 7.11 15.0
alcohol
* SEFA is an acronym for sucrose esters of fatty acids
~ Available as Tegobetaine F from Goldschmidt
2 Available as Hamposyl L-30 (type 721 ) from Hampshire Chemical, 31 % active
3 Available as Plantaren 2000NP from Henkel
4 Available as Epomin SP-018, molecular weight about 1800, from Nippon
Shokubai Co.
Available as Carbopol Ultrez from B.F. Goodrich
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6 Available as Sancure 2710 from B.F. Goodrich, prepared as premix comprising
about 20% polymer, 30%
water, 50% IPA
6 Available as Sepigel 305 from Seppic Corp.
' Available as AQ38S from Eastman Chemical
Blend the surfactants and fatty alcohol while heating to 65°C with a
low speed impeller mixer.
Remove from heat, allow to cool to 65°C while continuing to mix. Add
the cationic polymer and stir until
homogeneous. Slowly add remaining Part A ingredients while stirring.
Homogenize to disperse the SEFA
as an emulsion. Titrate with concentrated sulfuric acid until a pH of about
6.5 is reached. Prepare a dried
mixture by spreading the Part A composition in trays and drying in a suitable
(vacuum or convection) oven
at a temperature not exceeding 65°C until essentially no water remains.
Blend the dried Part A ingredients
with the polymeric gelling agents from Part B, heat to dissolve or disperse.
Blend the resulting
composition with the physical gelling agents. Heat to melt and dissolve
gelling agents into the
composition. Apply to substrate surfaces) or cool to room temperature and
store.
Examples 12-17
Prepare a representative conditioning component for the articles of the
present invention as described in
Examples 6-I 1 using the following ingredients.
Part A Example Example ExampleExample ExampleExample
12 13 14 15 16 17
Sodium lauroyl8.87 11.4 10.8 10.8
sarcosinate
~
Polyethylene-7.39 7.50 7.50 9.5 9.0 9.0
iminez
Water 4.43 3.00 3.00 5.7 5.4 5.4
Sulfuric 6.36 QS QS 8.1 7.7 7.7
acid
Fragrance,
misc.
Glycerin 34.45 52.5 45.0 41.3 39.25 34.25
Propylene 2.50
glycol
Urea 2.50 2.50 2.0 1.9 1.9
Panthenol 2.0 1.9 1.9
Nicotinamide 2.50 2.50 2.0 1.9 1.9
Salicylic
acid
Polymethyl- 4.20 4.20
silsesquioxane3
Mica, 3.85 3.85
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pearlescent
Stearylmethi- 5.0
cone wax
SEFA cottonate S.0
Petrolatum S.0
Part B - Polymer gelling agents
Gelatin 0.1
Polyacrylamide16.0 12.0 12.0
and isoparaffin4
Part C - Physical gelling agents
12- 12.0 12.0 10.5
Hydroxystearic
acid
Carnauba 18.0 14.1 14.1
wax
Stearyl 8.0 8.0 7.0
alcohol
' Available as Hamposyl L-95 from Hampshire Chemical, dry
z Available as Epomin SP-018, molecular weight about 1800, from Nippon
Shokubai Co.
S 3 Available as Tospearl 14SA from Kobo, Inc.
4 Available as Sepigel 30S from Seppic Corp.
III. Intermediate Personal Care Articles
Example 18
Prepare a representative skin cleansing article in the following manner.
Four grams of the cleansing component of Example 2 is applied to one side of a
permeable, fusible
web comprised of low-melting heat-sealable polyamide fibers. The permeable web
is Wonder Under
manufactured by Pellon, available from H. Levinson & Co., Chicago, IL. The
cleansing component is
applied to an oval area approximately 13 cm by 18 cm. The cleansing component
is air dried. A layer of 2
oz/sq yd polyester batting cut to the same size as the web is placed over the
fusible web. The polyester
batting has a basis weight of 2 oz/yd2 and is comprised of a blend of fibers
of about 23 microns and 40
microns average diameter, at least some of which are crimped. The thickness of
the batting is about 0.23
in. measured at 5 gsi. The batting is believed to be heat-bonded, utilizing no
adhesive. A layer of a
nonwoven is placed under the fusible web to form the second side of the
article. The nonwoven is a
spunlace blend of 70% rayon and 30% PET fibers, bonded with a styrene-
butadiene adhesive, which is
hydroapertured to form holes about 2 mm in diameter and having a basis weight
of about 70 gsm. The
shape of the article is about 122 mm x 160 mm oval. The layers are sealed
together using point bonds in a
grid pattern with a heat sealing die utilizing a pressure-platen heat sealing
device such as a Sentinel Model
S1
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808 heat sealer available from Sencorp, Hyannis, MA. The point bonds measure
about 4 mm diameter each
and there are about 51 individual sealing points evenly spaced. The article is
trimmed and ready for use.
Example 19
Prepare a representative skin cleansing article in the following manner.
S The cleansing component of Example 2 is applied to one side of a first
substrate by extruding it
through a coating head continuously in four lines separated by a distance of
20 mm, 40 mm, and 20 mm
respectively, measuring widthwise across the web, making a pair of parallel
lines on each side of the web.
The cleansing component is extruded at a rate to yield 4.4 grams of cleansing
component per finished
article. The substrate is a spunlace blend of 70% rayon and 30% PET fibers,
bonded with a styrene-
butadiene adhesive, which is hydroapertured to form holes about 2 mm in
diameter and having a basis
weight of about 70 gsm. A second web which is an airlaid, lofty, low density
batting is continuously fed
over the first substrate placing it in contact with the surfactant-containing
layer. The batting comprises a
blend of 30% 15 denier PET fibers, 35% 3 denier bicomponent fibers with PET
core and PE sheath, and
35% 10 denier bicomponent fibers of the same core-sheath composition, and has
a basis weight of about
100 grams per square meter (gsm). The webs are continuously fed to an
ultrasonic sealer which seals a dot
pattern comprising a grid of 4 mm diameter sealing points spaced evenly across
the web. The web is cut
into individual articles measuring about 120 mm x 160 mm rectangles with
rounded corners, which has a
total of about 51 sealing points per article.
IV. Personal Care Articles of the Present Invention
Example 20
Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the
following manner.
Three grams of the skin conditioning composition of Example 12 is applied,
half to each side, of
the finished article of Example 18. The composition is applied by slot coating
the composition as a hot
liquid (60-70°C) to the article surfaces evenly, half of the
composition on each side of the article.
Example 21
Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the
following manner.
Three grams of the skin conditioning composition of Example 5 is applied, half
to each side, of the
finished article of Example 19. The composition is applied by slot coating the
composition as a hot liquid
(60-70°C) to the article surfaces evenly, half of the composition on
each side of the article.
Example 22
Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the
following manner.
Three grams of the skin conditioning composition of Example 4 is applied, half
to each side, of the
finished article of Example 19. The composition is applied by slot coating the
composition as a hot liquid
(60-70°C) to the article surfaces evenly, half of the composition on
each side of the article.
Example 23
Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the
following manner.
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Three grams of the skin conditioning composition of Example 12 is applied,
half to each side, of
the finished article of Example 19. The composition is applied by slot coating
the composition as a hot
liquid (60-70°C) to the article surfaces evenly, half of the
composition on each side of the article.
Examples 24-31
Prepare representative skin cleansing and conditioning articles in the
following manner, utilizing the skin
conditioning compositions of Examples 6-10, and 15-17.
Four grams of the cleansing component of Example 2 is spread evenly by hand
across a lofty
batting. The batting i an airlaid, lofty, low density batting comprising a
blend of 30% 15 denier PET
fibers, 35% 3 denier bicomponent fibers with PET core and PE sheath, and 35%
10 denier bicomponent
fibers of the same core-sheath composition, and has a basis weight of about
100 grams per square meter
(gsm). A layer of fibrous nonwoven which is a hydroentangled blend of 55%
cellulose and 45% polyester
having a basis weight of about 65 gsm (available as Technicloth II from The
Texwipe Company, Saddle
River, NJ) is placed over the cleansing component coated side of the batting.
The layers are sealed together
using interlocking sealing plates using an unheated plate having inverted
thimble-shaped reservoirs spaced
evenly in a hexagonal grid pattern. The thimble shaped reservoirs are about
1.2 cm diameter at the base
and are spaced about 2 cm apart, center-to-center. The land area between the
dimples on the unheated plate
is concave inwards by several mm, forming an interconnected trough. The heated
plate has an external
ridge which fit precisely into the trough on the land area of the unheated
plate. The heated plate contacts
the cellulose/polyester substrate and a heat seal is effected using pressure-
platen heat sealing device such as
a Sentinel Model 808 heat sealer available from Sencorp, Hyannis, MA. The
resulting unfinished article
has pronounced thimble shapes rising up on the batting side, and shorter
dimples or 'buttons' rising up on
the cellulose/polyester substrate side of the article, making both sides easy
to grip. The article is cut into a
rectangle about 120 mm by 160 mm. Three grams of skin conditioning composition
per article is pipetted
into the trough area while the composition is hot, and allowed to cool and
solidify. The article is packaged
until ready for use.
Example 32-33
Prepare representative skin cleansing and conditioning articles utilizing the
skin conditioning compositions
of Examples 13 and 14 in the following manner.
The liquid cleansing component of Example 3 is applied to a first substrate by
dipping a 120 mm
by 160 mm section of the substrate in a bath of the composition until it has
increased its weight by about 8
grams. The substrate is a batting comprising a blend of 30% 15 denier PET
fibers, 35% 3 denier
bicomponent fibers with PET core and PE sheath, and 35% 10 denier bicomponent
fibers of the same core
sheath composition, and has a basis weight of about 100 grams per square meter
(gsm). The substrate is
dried. A piece of a second substrate which is a spunlace blend of 70% rayon
and 30% PET fibers, bonded
with a styrene-butadiene adhesive and hydroapertured to form holes about 2 mm
in diameter, having a basis
weight of about 70 gsm is placed over the first substrate. The substrates are
sealed together using an
ultrasonic sealer which seals a dot pattern comprising a grid of 4 mm diameter
sealing points spaced evenly
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across the article. Four grams of skin conditioning composition is applied
evenly over both sides of the
article by feeding the composition through a slotted rolling device with a
machined 1.5 mm gap and a feed
reservoir held at about 60°C. The composition quickly cools on the
article surface and is stored in a sealed,
metallized film package until ready for use.
Example 34
Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the
following manner.
Four grams of the cleansing component of Example 2 is spread evenly by hand
across a lofty
batting. The batting is a 4 oz/sq yd polyester batting cut to a size of 130 mm
by 175 mm, comprising
polyester fibers of about 30 microns average diameter and is adhesive bonded,
available for example as
Mountain Mist Extra Heavy Batting #205 from Stearns Textiles, Cincinnati, OH.
A layer of fibrous
nonwoven which is a hydroentangled blend of 55% cellulose and 45% polyester
having a basis weight of
about 65 gsm (available as Technicloth II from The Texwipe Company, Saddle
River, NJ) is placed over
the surfactant coated side of the batting. The layers are sealed together
using interlocking sealing plates
using an unheated plate having inverted thimble-shaped reservoirs spaced
evenly in a hexagonal grid
pattern. The thimble shaped reservoirs are about 1.2 cm diameter at the base
and are spaced about 1.5 cm
apart, center-to-center. The land area between the dimples on the unheated
plate is convex upwards by
several mm, forming an interconnected ridge. The heated plate has an external
trough which fits precisely
onto the ridge of the unheated plate. The heated plate contacts the
cellulose/polyester substrate and a heat
seal is effected using a pressure-platen heat sealing device such as a
Sentinel Model 808 heat sealer
available from Sencorp, Hyannis, MA. The resulting unfinished article has
topographical features on both
sides, assisting lather generation and also making it easy to grip and slide
across the skin surface during
use. The article is cut into a rectangle about 120 mm by 160 mm.
A skin conditioning inverse emulsion paste is prepared for use with the
article, as follows:
Component Per cent
PEG 30-dipolyhydroxystearate3.0
SEFA cottonate 20.0
Petrolatum 4.0
Tribehenin 5.0
C10-C30 Cholesterol/Lanosterol13.0
Esters
SEFA behenate 5.0
Glycerin 50.0
The lipid soluble ingredients are heated to 70°C while stirring.
Glycerin is slowly added with vigorous
stirring. The composition is homogenized. Three grams of the skin conditioning
inverse emulsion paste is
pipetted hot into the depressed zones on the cellulose/polyester side of the
article. The composition quickly
cools to a semi-solid paste. The article is packaged until ready for use.
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Example 35
Prepare a representative skin conditioning article in the following manner
using the skin conditioning
composition of Example 7.
The conditioning composition is applied to one side of a first substrate by
extruding it through a
coating head continuously in four strips, each 5 mm wide, separated by a
distance of 20 mm, 40 mm, and
20 mm respectively, measuring widthwise across the web, making a pair of
parallel lines on each side of
the web. The composition is extruded at a rate to yield 3 grams of composition
per finished article. The
substrate is a spunlace blend of 70% rayon and 30% PET fibers, bonded with a
styrene-butadiene adhesive,
which is hydroapertured to form holes about 2 mm in diameter and having a
basis weight of about 70 gsm.
A second web which is an airlaid, lofty, low density batting is continuously
fed over the first substrate
placing it in contact with the first substrate on the side containing no skin
conditioning composition. The
batting comprises a blend of 30% 15 denier PET fibers, 35% 3 denier
bicomponent fibers with PET core
and PE sheath, and 35% 10 denier bicomponent fibers of the same core-sheath
composition, and has a basis
weight of about 100 grams per square meter (gsm). The webs are continuously
fed to an ultrasonic sealer
which seals a dot pattern comprising a grid of 4 mm diameter sealing points
spaced evenly across the web.
The web is cut into individual articles measuring about 120 mm x 160 mm
rectangles with rounded corners,
which has a total of about 51 sealing points per article.
Exam 1e 36
Prepare a representative skin conditioning article in the following manner
using the skin conditioning
composition of Example 16.
The conditioning composition is applied to one side of a first substrate by
extruding it through a
coating head continuously in four strips, each 5 mm wide, separated by a
distance of 20 mm, 40 mm, and
20 mm respectively, measuring widthwise across the web, making a pair of
parallel lines on each side of
the web. The composition is extruded at a rate to yield 1.1 grams of
composition per finished article. The
substrate is a spunlace blend of 70% rayon and 30% PET fibers, bonded with a
styrene-butadiene adhesive,
which is hydroapertured to form holes about 2 mm in diameter and having a
basis weight of about 70 gsm.
A second web which is an airlaid, lofty, low density batting is continuously
fed over the first substrate
placing it in contact with the first substrate on the side containing no skin
conditioning composition. The
batting comprises a blend of 10% 15 denier PET fibers, 50% 3 denier
bicomponent fibers with PET core
and PE sheath, and 40% 10 denier bicomponent fibers of the same core-sheath
composition, and has a basis
weight of about 80 grams per square meter (gsm). The webs are continuously fed
to an ultrasonic sealer
which seals a dot pattern comprising a grid of 4 mm diameter sealing points
spaced evenly across the web.
The web is cut into individual articles measuring about 120 mm x 90 mm
rectangles with rounded corners,
which has a total of about 51 sealing points per article. The article is
convenient for application to smaller
areas of skin, for example the face, elbows, neck and/or feet.
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Example 37
Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article utilizing the
skin conditioning composition
of Example 16.
The cleansing component of Example 2 is applied to one side of a first
substrate by extruding it
through a coating head continuously in four lines separated by a distance of
20 mm, 40 mm, and 20 mm
respectively, measuring widthwise across the web, making a pair of parallel
lines on each side of the web.
The cleansing component is extruded at a rate to yield 0.52 grams of cleansing
component per finished
article. The substrate is a spunlace blend of 70% rayon and 30% PET fibers,
bonded with a styrene-
butadiene adhesive, which is hydroaperiured to form holes about 2 mm in
diameter and having a basis
weight of about 70 gsm. A second substrate web which is an airlaid, lofty, low
density batting is
continuously fed over the first substrate placing it in contact with the
surfactant layer. The batting
comprises a blend of 10% 15 denier PET fibers, 50% 3 denier bicomponent fibers
with PET core and PE
sheath, and 40% 10 denier bicomponent fibers of the same core-sheath
composition, and has a basis weight
of about 80 grams per square meter (gsm). A third substrate web which is the
same as the second substrate
web is continuously fed over the second substrate web placing it in contact
with the second substrate. The
webs are continuously fed to an ultrasonic sealer which seals a dot pattern
comprising a grid of 4 mm
diameter sealing points spaced evenly across the web. Skin conditioning
composition is slot coated from a
hot reservoir pumped through a slot dye onto both sides of the substrate web
at a rate equal to 1.25 grams
of skin conditioning composition per finished article (about 55 gsm add-on per
side), and passed across a
cooling fan so the composition cools quickly on the article outer surfaces.
The web is cut into individual
articles measuring about 120 mm x 90 mm rectangles with rounded corners.
Example 38
Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the
following manner.
A substrate is prepared on an airlaying process. A thin first web of 20 gsm
continuous
polypropylene filamented fiber is fed to a continuous forming screen.
Cellulose (Kraft fiber) comprising a
second web is airlaid onto the first web at a rate of 100 gsm. The surfactant
composition of Example 1 is
co-metered with the cellulose fibers at a rate of about 80 gsm. A third web
which is the same as the first
web is fed onto the airlaid cellulose. A substrate is prepared by heat bonding
the edges and dot sealing
about 51, 3 mm points of a 10 inch by 8.5 inch rectangular section of the
composite web. The skin
conditioning composition of Example 15 is melted and slot coated evenly onto
both sides of the article at a
rate of 3 grams of composition per article, or 1.5 grams per side, followed by
rapid cooling. The article is
packaged until ready for use.
Example 39
Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the
following manner.
The article of Example 38 is prepared with the exception that a biodegradable
polylactic acid
polymer is substituted for the polypropylene to make a biodegradable article.
56
